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CHAPTER 1
1.0 INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2
2.1 AIM
2.2 OBJECTIVES
CHAPTER 3
MODULE 1 MODULE 2
12V
DC
12V
230V AC DC 12V
ADAPTER DC
12V
DC MOTOR
MODULE 3
MODULE 5
5V MODULE 6
DC
5V
DC
MODULE 4
A
5V
DC T
8 LEDx10
IR 9
8LED’s are Connected to PORT2 of
MODULE S the MC & 2 LED’s are serially
connected to the +5V DC
5
Connected in INT0 pin of the MC
2
CHAPTER 4
MODULE 4: IR MODULE
IR module is an input device to the microcontroller which is used
find the speed of the Speed of the DC motor by means of obstacle
getting every rotation.
MODULE 6: LED
LED is abbreviated as Light Emitting Diode. Here which is used
to display the characters. This led is controlled by AT89S52
microcontroller.
CHAPTER 5
MODULE 1
5.0 POWER SUPPLY FOR DC MOTOR
CONTENTS
Description
Block diagram
Circuit diagram
Bill of materials
5.1 DESCRIPTION
Output:
The output of this module is 12V DC.
TOTAL 150
CHAPTER 6
MODULE 2
6.0 DC MOTOR
CONTENTS
Description
Block Diagram
features
Bill of materials
6.1 DESCRIPTION
A DC motor is any motor within a class of electrical machines
whereby direct current electrical power is converted into mechanical
power. Most often, this type of motor relies on forces that magnetic
fields produce. Regardless of the type, DC motors have some kind of
internal mechanism, which is electronic or electromechanical. In both
cases, the direction of current flow in part of the motor is changed
periodically.
6.3 FEATURES
TOTAL 150
CHAPTER 7
MODULE 3
CONTENTS
Description
Block Diagram
Circuit diagram
Bill of materials
7.1 DESCRIPTION
TOTAL 150
CHAPTER 8
MODULE 4
8.0 IR MODULE
CONTENTS
Description
Features
Circuit diagram
Bill of materials
8.1 INTRODUCTION
IR TRANSMITTER
The infrared transmitter can be constructed using an infrared
LED, a current limiting resistor and a power supply. A current-
limiting resistor is generally connected to prevent excess current
through IR1. The transmitter part of the sensor is an Infrared (IR)
Led which transmits continuous IR rays to be received by an IR
receiver.
IR RECEIVER
The output of the receiver varies depending upon its reception
of IR rays. Since this variation cannot be analyzed as such, therefore
this output can be fed to a comparator. Here operational amplifier
(op-amp) of LM358 is used as comparator. When the IR receiver does
not receive signal the potential at the inverting input goes higher
than that that at non-inverting input of the comparator (LM 358).
Thus the output of the comparator goes low. When the IR receiver
receives signal the potential at the inverting input goes low. Thus the
output of the comparator goes high. Resistor R8 (10k ) is used to
ensure that minimum current passes through the IR photodiode.
Resistor VR1 (preset=10k ) is used to set the sensitivity of the circuit.
IC LM358
LM358 consists of two independent, high gain operational
amplifiers in one package. Important feature of this IC is that we do
not require independent power supply for working of each
comparator for wide range of power supply. LM358 can be used as
transducer amplifier, DC gain block etc. It has large dc voltage gain
of 100dB. This IC can be operated on wide range of power supply
from 3V to 32V .
TOTAL 70
CHAPTER 9
MODULE 5
9.0 AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER
CONTENTS
Features
Pin diagram
Microcontroller reset circuit
Microcontroller Oscillator circuit
9.1 FEATURES
8051 microcontroller is designed by Intel in 1981. It is an 8-bit
microcontroller. It is built with 40 pins DIP (dual inline package), 8kb
of ROM storage and 256 bytes of RAM storage, 3 16-bit timers. It
consists of are four parallel 8-bit ports, which are programmable as
well as addressable as per the requirement. An on-chip crystal
oscillator is integrated in the microcontroller having crystal frequency
of 20 MHz.
In the following diagram, the system bus connects all the support
devices to the CPU. The system bus consists of an 8-bit data bus, a
16-bit address bus and bus control signals. All other devices like
program memory, ports, data memory, serial interface, interrupt
control, timers, and the CPU are all interfaced together through the
system bus.
CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION
The oscillator circuit, the heartbeat of microcontroller is used to
generate the device clock.
Oscillator will give the pulse used for working of a
microcontroller.
The frequency range of MC is 0 MHz – 20 MHz.
2 RESISTOR (10k) 1 2
4 CRYSTAL (20MHZ) 1 20
5 40Pin IC Base 1 5
TOTAL 101
CHAPTER 10
MODULE 6
10.0 LED
CONTENTS
Introduction
Block diagram
Bill of materials
10.1 INTRODUCTION
2 LED GREEN 2 6
TOTAL 30
CHAPTER 11
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
CHAPTER 12
12.0 BILL OF MATERIALS
MODULE
S.No SYMBOL SPECIFICATION PRICE QTY UNIT TOTAL
DESCRIPTION
centre shaft DC
1 - 12V-500rpm 145 1 No 145
MOTOR
AT89S52
2 - - 70 1 No 70
Microcontroller
3 LED RED D0 - D7 3 8 Nos 24
4 LED GREEN D8 - D9 3 2 Nos 6
5 40Pin base socket - - 5 1 No 5
230/12-0-12V
7 12V DC Adapter - 60 1 No 60
500ma
8 Crystal - 20MHZ 20 1 No 20
9 Resistors - 10Kilo ohms 1 1 No 1
10 Resistors R1-R8 330ohms 1 8 Nos 8
11 Motor Wheel - - 10 1 No 10
12 Regulator IC - LM7805 10 1 No 10
Lithium polymer
13 - 350ma 150 2 Nos 300
Battery
capacitor C1 & C2 22pf 1 2 Nos 2
15 capacitor C3 0.1uf 2 1 No 2
16 IR module - - 70 1 No 70
TOTAL 733
CHAPTER 13
13.0 SOFTWARES USED
KEIL Software as Compiler, Coding in Embedded C.
Proteus for Circuit Designing.
13.1 KEIL SOFTWARE
KEIL is a free, integrated toolset for the development of
embedded applications on microcontrollers. It is called an Integrated
Development Environment, or IDE, because it provides a single
integrated environment to develop code for embedded
microcontrollers
CHAPTER 14
14.0 PROGRAM
#include<reg51.h>
int i=1,j=1;
void delay(int x);
void main()
{
P2=0x00;
EA=1;EX0=1;PX0=0;PX1=0;PT0=1;
IT0=1;
TMOD=0X11;TF0=0;TF1=0;
TR0=1;
TH0=0XA2;TL0=0XC3;
while(1);
}
void intr() interrupt 0
{
i=i*25;
j=i/50;
delay(j);delay(j); delay(j);delay(j);
//Program for Displaying the character ‘N’
P2=0XFE;delay(j);P2=0XFE;delay(j);
P2=0X60;delay(j);P2=0X30;delay(j);
P2=0X18;delay(j);P2=0XFE;delay(j);
P2=0XFE;delay(j);P2=0X00;delay(j);
delay(j);delay(j);
//Program for Displaying the character ‘T’
P2=0XC0;delay(j);P2=0Xc0;delay(j);
P2=0XF7;delay(j);P2=0XF7;delay(j);
P2=0Xc0;delay(j);P2=0XC0;delay(j);
P2=0Xc0;delay(j);P2=0Xc0;delay(j);
delay(j);delay(j); P2=0XC0;delay(j);
P2=0Xc0;delay(j);P2=0XF7;delay(j);
P2=0XF7;delay(j);P2=0Xc0;delay(j);
P2=0XC0;delay(j);P2=0X00;delay(j);
P2=0X00;delay(j);delay(j);delay(j);
//Program for Displaying the character ‘T’
P2=0X82;delay(j);P2=0XFE;delay(j);
P2=0XFE;delay(j);P2=0X92;delay(j);
P2;0XB8;delay(j);P2=0X80;delay(j);
P2=0XC0;delay(j);P2=0X18;
int i=20;
while(i--)
{
delay(j);}
//Program for Displaying NEC
P2=0XFE;delay(j);P2=0XFE;delay(j);
P2=0X60;delay(j);P2=0X30;delay(j);
P2=0X18;delay(j);P2=0XFE;delay(j);
P2=0XFE;delay(j);P2=0X00;delay(j);delay(j);delay(j);
//FOR E
P2=0X82;delay(j);P2=0XFE;delay(j);
P2=0XFE;delay(j);P2=0X92;delay(j);
P2=0XBA;delay(j);P2=0X82;delay(j);
P2=0XC6;delay(j);P2=0X00;delay(j);
delay(j);delay(j);delay(j);delay(j);
P2=0X38;delay(j);P2=0X7C;delay(j);
P2=0XC6;delay(j);P2=0X82;delay(j);
P2=0X82;delay(j);P2=0XC6;delay(j);
P2=0X44;delay(j);P2=0X00;delay(j);
delay(j);delay(j);delay(j);delay(j);
delay(j);delay(j);delay(j);delay(j);
//Program for Displaying the character ‘C’
P2=0x00;delay(j);
P2=0X42;delay(j);
P2=0X63;delay(j);
P2=0X41;delay(j);
P2=0X41;delay(j);
P2=0X63;delay(j);
P2=0X3E;delay(j);
P2=0X1C;delay(j);
delay(j);delay(j);
}
void timer() interrupt 1
{
i++;
TF0=0;
}
void delay(int x)
{
int i=150;
while(i--);
}
CHAPTER 15
15.0 SUBASSEMBLY, TESTING AND OBSERVATION
POWER SUPPLY FOR DC MOTOR
This project uses a 12V Adapter for to produce fixed 12V DC.
TESTING STEPS:
1. Check the continuity in the input.
2. Check the output voltage.
OBSERVATION:
1. There is no any short circuit problems.
2. The output voltage we are getting is 12V DC.
DC MOTOR
This project has a DC motor for to rotate the propeller.
TESTING STEPS:
1. Checked all components.
2. Connected the circuit on the breadboard as per the circuit.
3. Given the input from the12V DC Adapter.
OBSERVATION:
1. Completed the circuit connections.
2. The motor is running at good speed.
POWER SUPPLY UNIT FOR PROPELLER
This project has two lithium polymer battery’s. which two
battery’s are connected in series. And these output is connected to
the LM7805 fixed voltage regulator.
TESTING STEPS:
1. Checked all components.
2. Connected the circuit on the breadboard as per the circuit.
3. Given the input from the battery.
4. Checked the output by observing the reading on the multimeter.
5. Soldered the components on a PCB.
6. Checked for shorts on the circuit by using a multimeter.
OBSERVATION:
1. Completed the circuit connections.
2. Getting 5V as the output.
IR MODULE
This project uses two IR transmitter and receiver unit, for the
purpose of anti-collision system.
TESTING STEPS:
1. Checked all components
2. Connected the circuit on the breadboard as per the design.
3. Given the input 5V.
4. Verified the output by observing the reading on the multimeter.
5. Soldered the components on a general purpose circuit board.
6. Checked for shorts on the circuit by using a multimeter
7. Given supply and checked whether correct voltage is coming on
the respective connectors.
OBSERVATION:
1. Getting 3.6V as output when receiver receiving IR rays.
2. Getting 15mV when receiver not receiving IR rays, i.e obstacle in
between transmitter and receiver.
MICROCONROLLER UNIT
At89S52 microcontroller as intelligent brain of our system
This unit consists of
1. Oscillator circuit
2. Reset circuit
TESTING STEPS:
1. Checked all components
2. Connected on the breadboard according to the design
3. Gave input (0/1) to the pins according to the conditions for
Reset circuit.
4. Connected the oscillator circuit as per design.
5. Verified the output by pressing the reset switch in the reset
Circuit.
6. Soldered the components on a PCB.
7. Checked for shorts on the circuit by using a multi-meter Gave
supply and checked whether correct voltage is coming on the
correct pins.
OBSERVATION:
1. The microcontroller is flashed successfully using ISP.
2. The microcontroller reset was working properly.
TESTING STEPS
1. Checked all components.
2. Connected on the breadboard according to the design.
3. Give +5V to the LED with series resistance 330ohm.
OBSERVATION:
1. LED is glowing properly.
CHAPTER 16
16.0 ADVANTAGES:
1. Low cost
2. Highly portable
3. Easy in construction
16.1 LIMITATIONS:
1. Low cost
2. It is not water resistant.
3. Not portable.
4. Less accurate.
CHAPTER 17
17.1 APPLICATION:
Industrial Application.
Display Applications.
CHAPTER 18
CHAPTER 19
19.0 CONCLUSION:
I made sure that my project “PROPELLER DISPLAY” marks a
significant role in Embedded System. I could implement this project
successively and at low cost and finds a significant application in
future.
19.1 BIBLIOGRAPHY
WEBSITE
www.electronicshub.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.electronicscircuits.com
DATA SHEETS