PSP PROJECT REPORT

Design of Primary & Secondary

Protection for Electrical System Using
SIMULINK

Submitted To:
Sir Umer Imtiaz

Submitted By:

Mahrukh Rashad 14-EE-12

Nabeel Liaquat 14-EE-20

Ahmad Kaleem Gul 14-EE-32

Title:
Design of primary and secondary protection for electrical system using SIMULINK.

Objective:
 Improve system stability
 Minimize damage to equipment
 Protect against faults

Introduction:
The objective of power system protection is to isolate a faulty section electrical power system
from rest of the live system so that the rest portion can function satisfactorily without any
severe damage due to fault current. Actually circuit breaker isolates the faulty system from
rest of the healthy system and these circuit breakers automatically open during fault condition
due to its trip signal which comes from protection relay.
Protection is of two types:

 Primary protection
 Secondary/backup protection.
The main protection or primary protection is the first line protection which provides quick-
acting and selective clearing of a fault within the boundary of the circuit section or element it
protects. The main protection is provided in each section of an electrical installation.
The secondary protection provides the back up to the main protection whenever it fails in
operation or its cut out for repairs. The backup protection is essential for the proper working
of the electrical system. The backup protection is the second line of defence which isolates
the faulty section of the system in case the main protection fails to function properly.
Reasons for failure of primary protection:

 Failure of dc supply to tripping circuit

 Failure in CB tripping mechanism
 Failure in the wiring of relay system
 Failure in relay operating current or voltage

Components:
Main system components Sub-system components
 Three phase source  SR flip flop
 Three phase CB  Counter
 Three phase load  Logical operator(AND)
 Three phase fault  Relational operators
 Three phase VI measurement  Constant block
 Scopes  Discrete RMS block
 Powergui  Gain
 I/P, O/P ports
Main System consisting of Primary and Secondary Protection (Primary operative)

Main System consisting of Primary and Secondary Protection (Primary inoperative)

 Subsystem that constitute the Primary and Secondary Protection

Working:
The electrical network shown above is protected both primarily and secondarily. If the fault
occurs, the primary protection will operate but if it failed its the responsibility of secondary to
operate and save the system from damages that the fault could cause.

 Fault is induced near load 1. The primary protection will operate after three cycles
that would open up the circuit breaker 1 and load 1 gets disconnected while the load 2
remain intact in the system and continue to operate normally once the fault is
removed.
 Again the fault is induced near load 1 but this time primary protection failed to
operate after three cycles so now the backup protection comes in action. After six
cycles, the secondary protection operates that would open up the circuit breaker 2 that
would cause the whole system to collapse.
Results:
 Primary protection operates when fault occurs:

Primary Scope Current Primary Scope Voltage

Secondary Scope Current Secondary Scope Voltage

  Primary protection fails to operates when fault occurs:

Primary Scope Current Primary Scope Voltage

Secondary Scope Current Secondary Scope Voltage

Conclusion:
For the proper working of the electrical system, the secondary protection is very essential as
it is the second line of defence which isolates the faulty section of the system in case the main
protection fails to function properly. Successful designing and operation of primary and
secondary protection for electrical system using SIMULINK.

Reference:
 https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1605067/
 https://circuitglobe.com/primary-and-backup-protection.html
 https://www.eiseverywhere.com/file_uploads/aaf42a76a5588f69c7a1348d6f77fe0f_Introduction_to_Sy
stem_Protection-_Protection_Basics.pdf
 https://www.electricaltechnology.org/2014/02/primary-and-secondary-protection-in-power-
system.html