Efficiency Definitions (Turbine)

Hydraulic Efficiency

Efficiency
Definitions
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Turbomachines Efficiency Definitions (Turbine)
oOnly hydraulic machines considered are Head utilized components
those to which the principles of dynamics
previously discussed (impact of jets) may
be applied.
oIn all such cases, fluid velocity relative to
the vanes or blades is essential to the
action.
oSuch devices are known as
Turbomachines
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Turbomachines Efficiency Definitions (Turbine)

oAnother definition: is one in which there is Head Utilized (h’’) reference
change in whirl or angular momentum of the
fluid.
oEquipment may include turbines of all types:
 Centrifugal and axial-flow pumps for liquids or
corresponding compressors for air or other gas
 Blowers (which develop pressures only)
 Fans (which move air or other gas with very
small pressure change)
 Ship and airplaine propellers;
 Fluid couplings
 Windmills
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Efficiency Definitions (Turbine) Efficiency Definitions (Turbine)

Hydraulic Efficiency Mechanical Efficiency
oThe ratio of the power delivered to the shaft o the ratio of the power delivered by the machine (at the
to the available power of the fluid flowing coupling if one exists) to that delivered by the fluid to the
through the runner or rotor. shaft.

• The formula applies for a turbine of any type,
whether steam or hydraulic
hydraulic friction loss in the machine plus
the loss at exit = The difference between
these two powers
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 The difference between these two is equal to the power
consumed in mechanical friction in bearings and stuffing
boxes and also in disk friction.
• disk friction – the friction between the sides of the rotor and the
fluid in the casing adjacent, is entirely separate from the fluid
friction due to flow through the rotor, and is not a function of

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such flow.
 Efficiency Definitions (Turbine) Problem:
Mechanical Efficiency o15.1. At at hydroelectric plant, the difference
in elevation between the surface of the
water at intake and at the tailrace is 600 ft.
When the flow is 80 cfs, the friction loss in
the penstock is 60 ft and the head utilized by
the turbine is 460 ft. The mechanical friction
in the turbine is 100 hp, and the leakage loss
is 3 cfs. Find (a) hydraulic efficiency; (b)
volumetric efficiency; (c) power delivered to
shaft; (d) brake horsepower; (e) mechanical

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efficiency; (f) over-all efficiency.
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Efficiency Definitions (Turbine) Solution (a):

Volumetric Efficiency
oIn many machines, some fluid flows around
the outside of the rotor and hence does no
work.
oThis leakage thus represents a loss of energy
proportional to that available from the total
flow.
Ordinarily this leakage loss is a very small
percentage and for some machines does
not exist, but under unfavorable conditions
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it is occasionally an important item.

Efficiency Definitions (Turbine) Solution (b):

Volumetric Efficiency
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Efficiency Definitions (Turbine) Solution (c):

Efficiency (Overall)
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 Solution (d): Efficiency Definitions (Pumps)
Given: Hydraulic Efficiency
power delivered to shaft =4,020.5 hp (c) oFor a pump, compressor, blower, or fan
fhp= 100 hp the efficiencies are analogous to those
Solve for: brake horsepower, bhp
for a turbine but are inverted.
bhp = power delivered to the shaft – fhp

Substituting:
= 4,020.5 hp – 100 hp
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= 3,920.5 hp

Solution (e): Efficiency Definitions (Pumps)

Hydraulic Efficiency
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Solution (f): Efficiency Definitions (Pumps)

Mechanical Efficiency
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Answers: Efficiency Definitions (Pumps)

(a) 0.8518 Volumetric Efficiency
(b) 0.9625 oIf there is any leakage loss from the high-
(c) 4,020 hp pressure side to the low-pressure side,
(d) 3,920 hp this represents a loss of power because
(e) 0.9752 work has been done upon this fluid.
(f) 0.800
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 Efficiency Definitions (Pumps) Solution:
Volumetric Efficiency
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Efficiency Definitions (Pumps) Answer:
Efficiency (Overall) o334 hp
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Problem:
o15.6. A centrifugal-pump runner 18 in. in
diameter discharges 25 cfs at a head of
100 ft when running at 1,200 rpm. If its
efficiency is 85 per cent, what is the
brake horsepower?
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