Gram Positive Cocci

Organism Morphology Biochemical tests Diseases Additional

information

Staphylococcus Creamy yellow Catalase + MRSA, TSS, Usually found in

aureus on BAP, smooth, Coagulase + Furuncles, cellulitis, the naris, axillae,
and clearing of Voges- Proskauer and bulbous vagina, pharynx,
the blood agar + and other skin
(beta-hemolysis). surfaces.
Nonmotile, non-
spore formidably ,
oxidase –, and
facultative
anaerobic.
Mannitol is used to
grow S. Aureus.

Staphylococcus Medium sized, Catalase + Nonsocomial UTIs, One factor that's

epidermidis white, opaque, Coagulase – prosthetic involved in
flat colonies, and Bacitracin R valves/devices, adherence is poly-
gamma Novobiocin S indwelling catheters, gamma-DL-
hemolysis. H2S + glutamic acid
Methyl Red – which proofs a
Urease – protective
Voges-Proskauer advantage against
+ host defenses. It's
found in skin and
mucous membrane.

Staphylococcus Large, entire, Catalase + Associated with UTIs Usually found after
saprophyticus very glossy, Coagulase – in women. intercourse.
smooth, opaque, Bacitracin R
convex, and white Novobiocin R
to yellow
Staphylococcus Small, yellow or Catalase + Endocarditis, Known to have the
lugdunensis gold Nitrate reduction septicemia, mecA gene. The
pigmentation, 3-5 + meningitis, skin and organism can grow
day's incubation, Ornithine soft tissue infection, in rich media at 30
and gamma decarboxylase + UTIs, and septic to 40 degrees
hemolysis. PYR + shock. Celsius. It's found
Oxidase – in skin and soft
Slide coagulase + tissue infections.

Streptococcus Small, Catalase – Strep throat, Streptolysin S

pyrogens transparent, PYR + Rheumatic fever, and causes the clearing
smooth, and well Bacitracin S acute of the blood cells
defined beta CAMP - glomerulonephritis. in the plate.
hemolysis. Erythrogenic toxin
produces the
characteristics
found in Scarlet
Fever.
It's found I'm
respiratory, skin
lesions, blood, and
sputum.

Streptococcus Grayish, white, Catalase – Neonatal meningitis For treatment it's

agalactiae mucoid colonies, PYR – and abortions. usually penicillin
and a zone of beta Bacitracin R that's given as a
hydrolysis. CAMP + drug of choice. It's
Hippurate usually found in
hydrolysis + vagina or rectal.
Streptococcus Round, Optochin S Pneumonia and It appears as GPC
pneumoniae glistening, wet, Bile esculin S meningitis diplococci, or it's
mucoid, dome Vancomycin S slightly pointed or
shaped, and Bacitracin S lancet shaped.
produces large PYR – Penicillin is the
zone of alpha CAMP – drug of choice. It's
hemolysis. 6.5% NaCl - found in both the
nose and throat.

Viridians Small and Optochin R, bile Gingivitis, dental Normal microbiota

surrounded by esculin R caries, and subacute of Upper
zone of alpha Vancomycin S bacteria endocarditis. Respiratory tract,
hemolysis. Bacitracin R female genital
Hippurate tract, and
hydrolysis – gastrointestinal.
PYR – Also can be
CAMP - fastidious.

Enterococcus spp. Sphere/oval shape Bile esculin S UTIs, endocarditis,

with alpha 6.5% NaCl S and bacteremia.
hemolysis. PYR +
Haemophilus and other fastidious Gram Negative Bacilli
Organism Morphology Biochemical Diseases Additional
tests information

Haemophilus Gray, raised, Oxidase + Pneumonia There's an effect

influenzae smooth Catalase + Bacterial that grows
colonies. Mousy Glucose meningitis around S.
and/or bleach required Epiglottis Aureus and it's
like odor on Nitrate + Cellulitis called satellite
chocolate agar. Osteomyelitis phenomenon.

Haemophilus ducreyi Small, flat, Oxidase – Genital Ulcer It's the causative
smooth, Catalase – Disease or agent of
nonmucoid, ONPG – GUD. chancroid, it's
transparent to Glucose -, highly
opaque sucrose-, communicable
colonies, or the mannose-, sexually
colonies can fructose-, transmitted
appear tan or mannitol-, genital ulcer
yellow on maltose-, disease or
chocolate agar. Xylose-, and GUD.
Microscopic lactose -
may show pale
staining G –
coccobacilli
arranged singly
or in
clusters/groups.

Haemophilus Tannish, dry, Catalase Pneumonia and Factor V is

parainfluenza and medium to variable endocarditis. required for
large colonies Oxidase + Haemophilus
Esculin – parainfluenza
Nitrate +
Glucose +
Sucrose +
Aggregatibacter Yellow, raised, Catalase - Dental plaque, Foam-loving or
aphrophilus convex, Oxidase gingival Co2 (high)
granular, an variable scraping, concentration.
opaque zone ONPG + congestive heart
near the center Esculin – failure, and
on chocolate Nitrate + embolism.
agar.

Aggregatibacter Small colonies Catalase + Subacute Found in

actinomycetemcomitan that adhere to Oxidase bacterial endogenous
s agar. variable endocarditis, animal biota. It
Factor V & X periodontitis, also doesn't
(R) systemic grow on MAC
Urease – infections, and agar. It's also
Indole – arterial plaques. seen normal
Esculin – human
Citrate – microbiota.
Glucose +

Cardiobacterium Smooth, Oxidase + Endocarditis, Found in

hominis opaque, Catalase – meningitis, and normal nares,
adherent to Indole – heart valves mouth, and
agar. Glucose + infection. throat
Mannitol + microbiota. It
Sucrose + grows slowly on
Maltose + SBA and
Urease – Choclate agar.
Nitrate – No growth on
Gelatin – MAC agar.
Esculin - Choice of
treatment is
penicillin and
an
aminoglycoside.

Eikenella corrodens Pits on the agar. Catalase – Periodontitis, Normal biota of

Oxidase + meningitis, the mouth and
Glucose - empyema, bowel cavities.
Maltose – pneumonia, The smell it
Sucrose – osteomyelitis, gives off is a
Lactose – arthritis, and bleach-like
Ornithine + post-operative odor.
infections.
Kingella Kingae Spreading and Catalase – Endocarditis, Does not grow
corroding or Oxidase + septic arthritis, on MAC agar. It
smooth and Glucose + osteomyelitis, can vary for
convex. Maltose + spondylodiscitis optimal growth
Large white to Sucrose – , and at 42 degrees.
beige with beta Lactose – bacteremia.
hemolysis Nitrate -
colonies on
SBA.

Legionella Buffered Urine antigen Legionnaires Found in

Charcoal Yeast test, Direct disease. waters, hot
Extract: grayish Fluorescent springs, and
white, blue Antibody test, mud. Bronchial
green, convex, and DNA washing,
and glistening detection. sputum, and
colonies. Young bronchoalveolar
colonies will lavage are
appear ground usually the
glass. specimen to
collect this
infection. Does
not grow on
SBA and needs
L-cystine for
growth.

Bordetella pertussis On bordet Catalase + Whooping To isolate

gengou agar: Oxidase + cough bordetella spp.
small, domed, Urease – It needs Bordet
and glistening Nitrate - gengou agar to
colonies that grow bordetella.
resemble
bisected pearls.
With variable
beta hemolysis.
Bordetella On bordet Catalase + Milder To isolate
parapertussis gengou agar: Oxidase – symptoms of bordetella spp.
small, domed, Urease + whooping It needs Bordet
and glistening Nitrate - cough gengou agar to
colonies that grow bordetella
resemble
bisected pearls.
With variable
beta hemolysis.

Bordetella Small, gray to Catalase + Infectious It's rarely seen

brochiseptica white, shiny Oxidase + bronchitis in in humans.
colonies on Nitrate + animals
blood agar
Neisseria spp. & Moraxella catarrhalis
Organism Morphology Biochemical tests Diseases Additional
information

Neisseria Small, gray/white, Catalase + Gonorrhea Specimen

gonorrhoeae translucent, raised Oxidase + collection for men:
with entire edge, Glucose + urethra
usually easily Lactose – Specimen
emulsified. Maltose – collection for
women:
endocervix.
Needs Chocolate
and MTM agar for
growth.

Neisseria Colorless to gray, Catalase + Meningitis Drug of choice for

meningitidis convex, smooth Oxidase + meningitis is
colonies. Glucose + penicillin. For
Maltose + meningitis CSF
Lactose – must be collected.

Moraxella Smooth, opaque, Catalase + Upper It can grow at 35-

catarrhalis gray to white Oxidase + respiratory tract 37 degrees Celsius
colonies on Glucose - infection, acute but can grow best
chocolate and blood Maltose - otitis media, at 28 degrees
agar. Lactose – sinusitis, Celsius. It's
Nitrate + endocarditis, collected from
Nitrite + meningitis, middle ear
DNase + bacterial effusion,
Butyrate esterase + tracheitis. nasopharynx, sinus
aspirates, sputum
aspirates, or
bronchial aspirates.
It's commensal of
upper respiratory
tract.
Neisseria cinera Small, grayish white, Catalase + Recurrent It lacks the yellow
translucent, raised Oxidase + bacterial pigmentation. It
with entire edge and Glucose – peritonitis. also helps
slightly granular. It's Maltose – differentiate
been said it Lactose - between
resembles flavescens. Found
gonorrhea. in nasopharynx.

Neisseria Yellow, convex, Catalase + Septicemia, It can grow at 22

flavescens smooth colonies. Oxidase + necrotizing degrees Celsius on
Glucose - pneumonia, both SBA and
Maltose - empyema, and chocolate agar.
Lactose - pneumonia. Usually found in
pharynx.

Neisseria lactamica Small, grayish white Catalase + Arthritis, It's been said it can
(with yellow rings), Oxidase + septicemia, and resemble
translucent, slightly Glucose + bacteraemic meningitidis only
butyrous. Maltose + pneumonia. smaller. Found
Lactose + usually in
nasopharynx of
both infants and
small children. It's
rarely found in
adults. Grows on
MTM and ML
Agars. It can grow
at 37 degrees
Celsius.

Neisseria mucosa Large, gray to buff Catalase + Children It can grow on

yellow, translucent, Oxidase + pneumonia and SBA and chocolate
mucoid, vicious, Glucose + endocarditis. agar at 22 degrees
smooth surface, and Maltose + Celsius. It's found
entire edge. Lactose – usually in
Sucrose + nasopharynx.
Fructose +
Neisseria Small, gray, Catalase + Unknown It can grow on an
polysaccharea translucent, raised Oxidase + agar at 35 degrees
colonies. Glucose + Celsius. Found in
Maltose + nasopharynx of
Lactose – infants and
children. Can grow
on MTM and MT
Agars.

Neisseria sicca Large, gray white, Catalase + Peritonitis, Usually found in

opaque, deeply Oxidase + meningitis, nasopharynx,
wrinkled, dry, Glucose + pneumonia, and saliva, and sputum.
irregular, crumb like Maltose + spondylitis. Grow on agar at 35
colonies. Lactose – degrees Celsius.
Sucrose variable
Fructose +

Neisseria subflava Small, greenish Catalase + Bacteremia, It's usually found

yellow or yellow, Oxidase + meningitis, in nasopharynx.
smooth surface with Glucose + septicemia, and
entire edge. Maltose + septic shock.

Neisseria elongata Large, grayish white Catalase – Endocarditis Usually found in

with yellow tinge, Oxidase + and nasopharynx.
low convex, claylike Glucose – osteomyelitis Grows on SBA and
colony, difficult to Maltose – Chocolate Agars at
emulsify. Lactose - 22 degrees Celsius.
Also grows on
nutrient Agars at
35 degrees Celsius.

Neisseria weaveri Small, semiopaque, Catalase + Dog bite It's usually found
with smooth Oxidase + infection. in dogs oral
appearance. Glucose – microbiota.
Maltose –
Lactose –
Bioterrorism organism
Organism Morphology Testing Diseases Additional
information

Bacillus anthracis Nonhemolytic, Catalase + Skin anthrax Gram positive,

ground glass, Glucose + (cutaneous), aerobic, endospore
irregular, and Mannitol – gastrointestinal producer. It can be
medusa head. Arabinose – anthrax transmitted by
Xylose – (ingestion), and ingestion,
Lecithinase pulmonary anthrax inhalation, and
producer (inhalation). cutaneous.
Sent to LRN Collecting
reference specimen include:
laboratory. lesion fluid,
eschars, blood, and
cerebrospinal
fluid. It's sensitive
to penicillin.
Grows in high salt
concentration and
low pH. When to
check for motility
use wet mount
technique or
motility test
medium. India ink
on blood can be
used to detect
anthracis.

Yersinia petis Nonhemolytic, Catalase + bubonic plague, For growth it

flattened edges, Oxidase – septicemic plague, needs to sit 48-72
raised center, Urease – and pneumonic hours before
mucoid, and fried Sent to LRN plague. visible growth
egg appearance. laboratory appears. It also
grows on Mac
agar.
Francisella Tiny, grayish Catalase + Ucleroglandular Optimal growth
tularensis white, opaque, Beta-lactamase + disease and needs cysteine.
butyrous and Factor V & X (R) ulcerative lesion. Some Agars that
smooth colonies Urease – work include:
on chocolate agar Oxidase. Chocolate,
Modified Thayer-
Greenish blue, Martin, cysteine
medium sized, heart, and buffered
butyrous and charcoal yeast
smooth colonies extract. It's a slow
on Cysteine Heart grower.mit won't
Agar. grow on Mac agar.

Brucella species Small, circular, Catalase + Undulant fever, B. Melitensis

smooth, convex, Oxidase + goat fever, bang (goat/sheep)
nonpigmented, and Nitrate reduction disease, B. Suis (swine)
nonhemolytic. Urease + Mediterranean B. Canis (dogs)
fever, Gibraltar Broken skin,
fever, and Malta ingestion of
fever. infected, &
inhalation

Burkholderia Pinpoint or small, Catalase + Glander disease Found in horses,

species grey (24 hours) Oxidase + and melioidosis donkeys, and
Grey, smooth, Indole – mules. Specimen
translucent (48 Polymyxin (R) collection include:
hours) for B. ADH + blood, bone
Mallei marrow, sputum,
bronchial alveolar
Smooth and lavage, abcesses,
creamy (24 hours) urine, and serum.
Dry/mucoid, Must be incubated
smooth, and at 35 degrees
creamy (48 hours) Celsius in 5% CO2
B. Pseudomallei doe 5 days. Can
use MALDI-TOF
for confirmation
for B.
Pseudomallei.
Coxiella burnetii None PCR assays Q fever Seen in cattle,
goats, and sheep.
Specimen
collection include:
blood, serum,
tissue, and body
fluids. Acute phase
produce high titers
to phase II
antigens. Chronic
have high titers
with phase I
antibodies.
Clinical Virology
Organism Structure Mode of Disease(s) Treatment/immuni Vaccinatio
transmission ty n

Adenoviridae Naked Aerosols, Acute Require no Oral

(Adenovirus) Double fomites, oral- respiratory specific treatment. vaccination
stranded fecal, and disease, Immunity is .
DNA personal conjunctivitis, given.
contact. and acute
hemorrhagic
cystitis.

Herpes simplex Double Personal Oral herpes Oral/genital Unknown.

virus 1 & 2 stranded contact, (mainly 1 and/or herpes treated
DNA sexually 2) with acyclovir,
transmitted, Genital herpes valacyclovir, and
and placenta (mainly 2 and/or famciclovir. Not
crossing. 1) curable
Neonatal herpes Ocular herpes can
(mainly 2) be treated with
Herpes simplex antiviral eye
virus drops.
encephalitis (2 in
children and 1 in
adults)
Ocular herpes
(mainly 1)

Epstein-Barr Double Infected saliva Infectious Natural remedy Unknown

Virus stranded mononucleosis
(Lymphocrypt- Virus
ovirus)
Varicella Zoster Double Droplet Varicella Acyclovir and Varivax for
Virus stranded inhalation and (chickenpox) valacyclovir to chickenpox
(Varicellovirus) DNA direct contact and Zoster help treat Zostavax
with lesion (Shingles) chickenpox and for shingles
shingles. It's also
self treatable

Human Double Infected saliva, Roseolo Cidofovir and None

herpesvirus 6 stranded droplet infantium, Foscarnet for
(Roseolovirus) DNA inhalation, and exanthem HHV-6.
infected subitum, and
individuals sixth disease.

Human Double Infected saliva Roseola rash Natural remedy. None

herpesvirus 7 stranded infection
(Roseolovirus) DNA

Human Double HIV/AIDS Kaposi sarcoma Radiation, None

herpesvirus 8 stranded related and Chemotherapy,
(Rhadinovirus) DNA sexual contact. zidovudine,
ritonavir, and
indinavir.

Papillomavirida Double Sexual contact Common wart Surgery, Gardasil

e stranded cryotherapy, and
DNA laser.

Variola virus Double Droplet, skin Smallpox None None

stranded to skin,
DNA infected saliva,
infected blood
products, and
fomites.

Monkeypox Double Transmitted by MonkeyPox None None

virus stranded Gambian Rat
DNA
Reoviridae Double Oral fecal Viral Drinking fluids RotaTeq a
(Rotavirus) stranded transmission gastroenteritis in help with series of 3
RNA infants and dehydration. doses.
children Rotarix is
also
another
vaccination
.

Colorado Tick Double Infected Colorado Tick None None

Fever Virus stranded animal hosts Fever Virus
(Clotivirus) RNA include: Deer,
Squirrels, and
rabbits.

Arenaviridae Single Infected Last fever and None Ribavirin is

Stranded rodents. Also lymphocytic used to
DNA zoonotic choriomeningitid treat Lassa
infection. is virus fever.

Bunyaviridae Single Arthropod Rift Valley None Vaccinatio

Stranded transmission fever, lacrosse n are
RNA virus, California limited.
encephalitis, and
Crimean-Congo
hemorrhagic
fever

Caliciviridae Single Foodborne, Human None None

Stranded waterborne, gastroenteritis
RNA and person to
person
contamination

Coronaviridae Envelope Animal Middle East None None

d, helical, infection respiratory
Single syndrome.
Stranded
RNA
Filoviridae Single Infected Ebola virus Zaire None None
Stranded monkeys strain, Ebola
RNA virus Sudan
strain, Ebola
virus Reston,
and Ebola virus
tai forest strain

Flaviviridae Single Mosquito Classic dengue None None

Stranded transmission fever and dengue
RNA hemorrhagic
fever.

Orthomyxovirid Single Droplet and Influenzavirus Zanamivir and TIV

ae Stranded infected upper A, B, and C oseltamivir (inactivate/
RNA epithelial cells killed) or
in upper LAIV3/4
respiratory (live
tract. attenuated)

Parainfluenza Single Laryngotrache PIA-, 2, and 3 Aerosolized None

virus Stranded o-bronchitis, ribavirin
RNA bronchiolitis,
and pneumonia
in children.

Mumps virus Envelope Droplets Mumps Advil or Aleve MMR

d Single
Stranded
RNA

Measles virus Envelope Droplets Rubeola None Edmonston

d Single -B strain.
Stranded
RNA

Respiratory Single Droplets or Croup, Ribavirin None

Syncytial Virus Stranded fomites bronchitis,
RNA bronchiolitis,
and interstitial
pneumonia.
Human Single Unknown but Bronchiolitis Ribavirin None
Metapneumovir Stranded it can be
us RNA transmitted by
infected
secretions,
droplet,
aerosol, or
fomite vectors

Retroviridae Single Multiple sex HIV/AIDS Highly Active None

Stranded partners, IV Antiretroviral
RNA drug user, therapy (HAART)
infected blood
products, and
placenta
transmission

Rhaboviridae Single Infected Rabies None None

Stranded animals
RNA

Togaviridae Single Mosquito Encephalitis, None None

Stranded infected Eastern equine
RNA encephalitis, and
Western equine
encephalitis.

Hep A virus Naked, Fecal-oral Hep A virus Self limited Havrix

Single route
Stranded
RNA

Hep B virus Envelope Sexual contact, Hep B infection, Interferon Alfa, Recombiva
d, partial, bloodborne, cirrhosis, and lamivudine, x HB.
Double infected liver cancer. adefovir dipivoxil,
Stranded mucous. and entecavir.
DNA

Hep D virus Defective, Sexual contact, Co-infection w/ Supportive care None

single infected Hep B infection.
stranded mucous, and
RNA IV Drug user.
Hep C virus Single Sexual contact Cirrhosis, hep C Ribavirin None
Stranded and infection, and
RNA bloodborne liver cancer.

Hep E virus Naked, Association w/ Hep E infection Self limited None

single Caliciviridae,
stranded fecal-oral
RNA route, and
contaminated
water.
Clinical parasitology
Organism Information Trophozoite Cyst
Entamoeba histolytica It causes colitis and Small, central
hepatic abscesses. It karyosome, fine,
lyses and phagocytes evenly distributed
cells. Infected peripheral chromatin.
individuals shed
pieces intestinal
mucosa.

Entamoeba coli Commonly found in

fecally contaminated
food and water. In a
wet mount trophozoite
is sluggish and
nondirectional.
Large, eccentric
karyosomes, coarse,
Large, eccentric uneven peripheral
karyosomes, coarse, chromatin.
uneven peripheral
chromatin.
Entamoeba hartmanii Its known to be
nonpathogenic. It also
doesn't cause any
infection. It can be
transmitted cyst form
through fecal-oral
route. Can be found in Small central
Small central
contaminated water karyosomes, fine, karyosomes, fine,
and food. every distributed every distributed
peripheral chromatin. peripheral chromatin.
Endolimax nana Its also considered to
be nonpathogenic. Its
also considered not to
cause any disease.

Large, irregular shared Large, irregular shared

karyosome no peripheral karyosome no peripheral
chromatin. chromatin.

Lodamoeba bütschlii Its not seen

commonly like E. coli
and E. nana.

Large karyosome,
surrounded by
achromatic granules, Large karyosome,
and no peripheral surrounded by
chromatin. achromatic granules,
and no peripheral
chromatin.
Blastocystis hominis One of the most
common intestinal
protozoan and
prevalence of 50% in
developing countries.
Causes abdominal
pain and diarrhea with
no other intestinal
pathogen present. Its
been possibly linked
to colitis and IBS.
Naegleria fowleri Found in Texas,
florida, Virginia, and
California. Found in
swimming in brackish
or muddy water.
Trophozoite can enter
in the nasal cavity by
inhalation of the
water.

Acanthamoeba spp Its fund in both soil

and water organisms.
Its been linked to
GAE, cutaneous
infections, and amebic
keratitis.

Balamuthia Emerging
mandrillaris opportunistic
pathogen that can
cause skin lesions and
GAE. Rarely invades
the nasal cavity.
Treatment includes
multiple
antimicrobials:
fluconazole,
clarithomycin, and
sulfadiazine. Can find
both trophozoite and
cyst by tissue biopsy.

Giardia lamblia Causative agent of

gastroenteritis and
travelers diarrhea.
Main reservoirs are
beavers. Cysts can
live months in cold
water.
Dientamoeba fragilis Using metronidazole
clears the organism.
Trophozoite is
transmitted by
ingesting helminth
egg. It also has a co-
infection called
enterbius
vermicularis.
Preservation of the
infected stool is
crucial and important.

Trichomonas Known to be a sexual

vaginalis transmitted disease. A
pathogen of the
urogenital tract of
None
both men and women.
Causes
trichomoniasis.

Leishmania spp. Leishmaniasis is

known to be zoonotic
infection. Its
transmitted by a Sand
Fly.

Trypanosoma spp. This needs either

blood or CSF to be
infected. Its vector is
tsetse fly. Won’t help
to differentiate in
blood smears.
Trypanosoma cruzi Its also known to be
the causative agent for
Chagas Disease.
Found in rural area in
mexico, Central/South
america. Transmitted
by triatomic bug.

Plasmodium vivax Considered to be less

severe than
falciparum. Can use
chloroquine for
treatment. Long term
infection can degrade
both liver and spleen.
To complete life cycle
it takes 48 hours.

Plasmodium malariae Considered to be less

severe than
falciparum. Can use
chloroquine for
treatment. Long term
infection can degrade
both liver & spleen.
Life cycle is known as
quartan, & reproduces
ever 72 hours

Plasmodium ovale Considered to be less

severe than
falciparum. Can use
chloroquine for
treatment. Long term
infection can degrade
both liver and spleen.
Its not frequently.
resembles Vivax.
Plasmodium Complication with
falciparum this illness is
blackwater fever. This
illness is becoming
resistant to
chloroquine. Its
becoming resistant to
other antimicrobials
as well. Reproducing
cycle is irregular and
can be from 36 to 48
hours to complete life
cycles.

Babesia microti Known to be zoonotic

intraerythrocytic
infection. Usually
transmitted by a tick.
Non reportable
disease to the CDC.
Can diagnose with
either Wright or
Geimsa thin blood
smear. Titer of IgG
greater than 1:1024
indicates an active
infection.

Toxoplasma Gondii Its an obligate

intracellular parasite.
It can cause serious
complication when
infected. Can be
transmitted by cat
poop, undercook
meats, or unwashed
fruits/vegetables.
Cystoisopora belli Is an opportunistic
organism.
Indistinguishable
between
cryptosporidium spp.
Infection is self
limiting. Infected
poop requires 24-48
hours outside the
body to be infective.
Modified acid fast
stain is used to detect
this organism.

Cyclospora Known to be both

cayetanensis foodborne and
waterborne organism.
Outbreaks seen in
Nepal, Peru,
Guatemala, and Haiti.
For poop to be
infective it needs to be
1-2 weeks outside the
body.

Microsporidia spp. Its an obligate

intracellular parasites
in both invertebrates
and other animals.
Linked to
complication with
HIV patients. Can
infect variety of
human organs.

Fasciola hepatica Also called the Sheep

liver fluke. Mostly
seen in sheep-raising
area of the US. In
sheep its known to
liver damage also
known as liver rot.
Fasciolopsis buski Known to be as the
giant intestineal fluke.
Seen mostly in China,
Vietnam, and India.
Dogs and pigs known
to be the main
reservoir for this
parasite.

Paragonimus It is also called the

westermani Lung Fluke. Found in
southeast asia, Latin
america, and Africa.
Sputum is mainly
used to detect the
parasite.

Schistosoma mansoni Found mainly in

Africa, parts of South
america, West Indies,
and Puerto Rico. It
lives in the mesentery
and large intestines.

Schistosoma Primarily found in

haematobium Nile Valley, Middle
east, and East Africa.
It lives in the veins of
the bladder.

Schistosoma Found in Japan,

japonicum China, Phillipines. It
lives in the small
intestine.
Diphyllobothrium Also been known as
latum the Fish Tapeworm.
In the US its seen in
the Great Lakes. Life
cycle of this parasite
is a hybrid of both
flukes and tapeworms.

Taenia spp. It can be found in

Beef (saginata) and
pork (solium)
tapeworm. Both
parasites can be
identical.

Hymenolepis nana It is called the Dwarf

tapeworm. Can infects
mainly in children. Its
usually transmitted by
fecal-oral route.

Hymenolepis Known to be the Rat

diminuta Tapeworm. Its usually
acquired by ingesting
flea that is infected
with the parasite.

Dipylidium caninum Its named as the Dog

Tapeworm. For
children to transmit
this parasite is by
ingesting the larva of
fleas. Some of the
eggs group as one.
Enchinococcsis Also seen in sheep-
granulosus raising areas globally.
When cyst ruptures
can liberate large
amounts of allergic
that can possibly elicit
an anaphylactic
response.

Ascaris lumbricoides Fertile: Bile Stained

fertile/ infertile shell, bumpy,
mammillated.
Infertile:
Mammillated and
Thin Shell.

infertile

fertile
Enterobius Its often referred as
vermicularis the Pinworm.
Commonly seen in
children at the ages 5-
10 years old. Risk
factors inadequate
personal/community
hygiene. Parasite can
be easily transmitted.

Trichuris trichiura Commonly in soil-

transmitted parasite.
Also known as the
Whip Worm. Eggs are
passed in poop. It
requires 14 day
incubation in warm,
moist soil.
Hookworm Most common
parasite is the
hookworm. There are
two different types of
hookworms which
are: Necator
americanus (New
World) and
Ancylostoma
duodenale (Old
World).

Strongyloides Its named as the

stercoralis Threadworm. It
usually inhabits in the
small intestine.
Endemic include:
Southeast Asia, Latin
america, and sub-
saharan Africa.

Trichinella spiralis It usually infects the

muscle tissue.
Infection is usually
undercooked meats.
Its life cycle is usually
in the human
intestine.

Larva migrans There are two forms

of this parasite which
exist in humans which
are: Cutaneous
(creeping eruption)
and visceral.
Primarily seen in
children ages 1-5 Cutaneous
years old.
Wuchereria bancrofti Causative agent of
both Bancroftian
filariasis and
elephantiasis.
Transmitted by
mosquito (aedes).

Brugia malayi Transmission usually

is aedes, mansonia,
anopheles. Usually
found in Korea,
Chine, and
Philippines.

Loa loa Known to be as the

Eyeworm. Its usually
transmitted by
chrysops fly breed.

Onchocerca volvulus Its referred as the

River Blindness.
Found in Africa,
South/Central
america. Infection is
usually by a black fly
bite.

Mansonella ozzardi Usually transmitted

by midges culicoides.
Found in blood.
Mansolnella perstans Usually transmitted
by midges culicoides.
Found in blood.

Mansonella Usually transmitted

streptocerca by midges culicoides.
Found in skin.

Dracunculus Causes serious

medinensis. infections. Found in
Middle East, parts of
Africa, and India. Its
transmitted by guinea
worm. Metronidazole
is usually the drug of
choice.
Medically Significant Fungi
Organism Yeast, Mold, Morphology Diseases Culture media Additional
or Both and temp information

Malassezia furfur Yeast Dandruff SBA with special

olive oil nutritional
supplement. 5 requirements
days require at of this
30-35 degrees organism.
celsius. Grows poorly
Sabouraud at 25 degree
dextrose is celsius. Known
Microscope. needed. to be called the
Sun Fungus.
Treatment is
Topical
antifungals.

Media: Cream,
moist, and
smooth.
Piedraia hortae Mold Black piedra 28-30 degree Its occurs on
celsius on the hairs of the
sabouraud scalp. Its
dextrose. endemic in
Microscopic
areas of Africa,
Asia, and Latin
America.

Media:
Greenish-
black, limited,
pointed
colonies.
Trichosporon spp. Yeast white piedra sabouraud Its endemic in
dextrose with South america,
olive oil and Africa, and
at 35 degrees parts of Asia.
celsius. Mainly found
Microscopic in normal skin
biota of both
animals and
soil.

Media:
smooth/wrinkl
ed, moist/dry,
creamy/velvet.

Hortaea werneckii Mold Tinea nigra It grows on It doesn't cause

SGA inflammatory
(sabouraud response or
glucose agar) infect other
Microscopic at 20-40 tissue with
degrees itself.
celsius for 28
days.

Media: Shiny,
moist, yeast-
like, brown to
greenish-black
colonies.

Tinea pedis Mold Athletes Foot Unknown Infection is

contracted by
carpet, shower,
or other
microscopic environment.
treatment is
topical
medication.
Epidermophyton Yeast Athletes foot sabouraud It produces one
floccosum dextrose agar, size of conidia
Slow grower, which is
greenish-black Macroconidia.
Microscopic or khaki It resembles
colored, that of a
suede-like beavers tail. Its
surface, raised notorious for
and center developing
folded. pleomorphic
Media: tufts of sterile
greenish-black hyphae in
or khaki older cultures.
colored, suede-
like surface,
raised and
center folded

Microsporium canis Mold Dermato- Grows best at Usually found

phytosis 25 degree in both cats
celsius. Its and dogs. Its
usually grown found
on a potato worldwide
dextrose agar. distribution.
fluffy, white,
microscopic opposite side
grows lemon
yellow
pigment.

media: fluffy,
white, opposite
side grows
lemon yellow
pigment.
Microsporium Mold Mold Optimal Its soil base
gypseum infections in growth is 37 infection. It
both human degrees prefers humid
and animals celsius. Grows and warm
microscopic on Sabouraud temperatures to
dextrose agar, grow. Grows
Flat, on dead tissue
spreading, of animals and
suede-like, humans.
granular, deep
cream-fluffy
Media: Flat, white to pale
spreading, cinnamon
suede-like, color red
granular, deep surface.
cream-fluffy
white to pale
cinnamon
color red
surface.

Microsporium Mold Tinea capitis Grows best in Its slow

audouinii and tinea room growing
corporis temperature. It anthropomorph
infection also grows on ic
Microscopic sabouraud dermatophyte.
dextrose agar. Some isolates
Flat, form
spreading, chlamydoconid
grayish-black ium like
to light tan- swelling
white color, terminally on
and dense hyphae.
media: Flat, suede-like to
spreading, downy
grayish-black surface, with
to light tan- mouse fur as
white color, texture.
and dense
suede-like to
downy surface,
with mouse fur
as texture.
Trichophyton Yeast Nail infection Sabouraud Mostly seen in
mentagrophytes dextrose agar: Mice and
Flat, Rodents.
Cream/white,
Microscopic powdery/gran
ular surface.

Media: Flat,
cream to white
color, powdery
to granular
surface. Can
grow yellow
brown to
reddish brown
on the reverse
plate.

Trichophyton Mold Nail fungus Sabouraud Known to

rubrum dextrose produce 3/8-
media: celled cylindric
microconidia Flat/slightly macroconidia.
raised, Its smaller than
white/cream, T.
suede-like, mentagrophyte
macroconidi yellow brown s. Its also
a to whine red known as a
on reverse. worldwide
distribution.
Trichophyton Mold Tinea capitis Sabouraud Its been said
tonsurand in children dextrose agar: colonies form
worldwide Suede-like to rust colored
powdery, flat, pigment on the
microscopic raised center reverse side. It
or folded, pale usually infects
buff to skin, hair, and
yellow-yellow nails.
brown- red
brownish to
deep
mahogany

Media: Suede-
like to
powdery, flat,
raised center or
folded, pale
buff to yellow-
yellow brown-
red brownish
to deep
mahogany.

Chromoblastomyco- Yeast Verrucous Sabouraud Most

sis dermatitidis dextrose agar: commonly
olivaceous seen in tropical
black, suede- and subtropical
like surface. regions of
microscopic americas and
africa. In US,
texas and
louisiana.

media:
olivaceous
black, suede-
like surface.
Sporothrix schenckii Yeast sporotricho-sis grows on any Its grown in
media which warm, arid
includes any area like
Microscopic containing mexico.
cycloheximide
. It grows
good 37
degrees in a
CO2
Media: moist, incubator.
glabrous, Media: moist,
wrinkled and glabrous,
folded surface. wrinkled and
folded surface.

Blastomyces Both Gilchrist Sabouraud When growing

dermatitidis disease dextrose agar: at 22 degrees it
fluffy white, can grow
wrinkled/folde colony
d, glabrous, morphology. It
yeast-like. can grow
Microscopic
slowly and
rapid.

Media
Histoplasma Both Histoplasmosi Sabouraud Its high
capsulatum s, Darling dextrose agar: endemicity is
Disease, Slow grower Ohio,
Spelunkers at 25 degree Missouri, and
microscopic Disease, and celsius, White Mississippi
Cave Disease. or buff brown, river deltas. It
suede-like to lives in soil
cottony, with that contains
pale yellow high levels of
Media: White brown on nitrogen
or buff brown, reverse. content.
suede-like to
cottony, with
pale yellow
brown on
reverse.

Coccidiodes immitis Both Valley Fever Its rapid Its endemic in

growth, white- San Joaquin
tan-dark gray, Valley,
alternating Maricopa/Pima
microscopic one-celled arizona and
barrel shaped. southwester
texas.
Paracoccidiodes Both Lutz- Slow grower Its a
brasiliensis splendore in Sabouraud progressive
Almeida dextrose agar chronic fungal
disease, and at 25 degree disease that is
microscopic South celsius. endemic in
America/Brazi Colonies: Flat, Centeral/South
lian wrinkled/folde america.
Blastomyco- d, glabrous,
sis suede-like or
downy
texture, white
to brown on
reverse.

Penicillium Both Molluscum Yellow-pink Its usually

marneffei Contagiosum colonies common
distinctive red systemic
diffusible infection to
Microscopic pigment. those that are
immunocom-
promised.
When it
disseminates to
Media: other parts of
Yellow-pink the body it
colonies usually is fatal.
distinctive red
diffusible
pigment.
Cunninghamella Mold Mucormyco- Rapid grower This organism
spp. sis forms cottony can be
colonies that recovered from
are white at Sinuses and
first then turn other organs
gray as it when it
grows. disseminates.
microscopic Its found in the
environment.

Lichtheimia spp. Mold Mucormyco- Wooly, rapid Its found in

sis grower, white diabetic
then gray patients
brown with suffering from
microscopic age. keto-acidosis.
It causes
thrombosis and
necrosis of
tissues.

Mucor spp. Mold Mucormyco- Rapid grower, Its commonly

sis cottony, dirty found in the
white then environment. It
becomes is an asexual
mousy brown reproduction.
to gray with
age.

Microscopic
Rhizopus spp. Mold Mucorales Rapid grower, Its also found
Woolly, in keto-
colonies that acidosis or
cover the diabetic
surface. It is patients. This
Media: white that organism is
Woolly, goes to gray extremely
colonies that then brown refractory to
cover the with age. treatment.
surface. It is
white that goes
to gray then
brown with
age.

Syncephalastrum Mold Great toe nail White and Its found

spp. onychomycosi become gray mainly in soil
s with age. and decaying
vegetation. At
microscopic times its
confused for
aspergillus.

media: White
and become
gray with age.

Aspergillus spp. Mold Aspergillosis Rapid grower, its second most

white, yellow, isolated fungus
brown to after candida
black, or spp. 90%
microscopic shades of mortality of
green. those
immunocom-
promised.
Infections
starts when
someone
inhales the
fungal conidia.
Beauveria spp. Yeast keratitis Slow grower, Its mainly
downy, white found in
at first and vegetation and
turns a yellow in soil. Its
microscopic pinkish color. uncommonly
associate with
keratitis.

Chrysosporium spp. Mold Dermatomy- Colonies are Its recovered

cosis hyaline with by nail and
moderate skin lesions.
growth with Found in the
microscopic age and can environment
show shades worldwide.
of pink, gray,
or tan
pigment.

Media:
Fusarium spp. Mold Mycotic Rapid grower, Mainly
keratitis hyaline fungus recovered in
with various blood cultures.
colors with
microscopic age.

Geotrichum Yeast Pulmonary white to At times it can

disease in cream, and resemble
immunocom- yeastlike. Coccidioides
promised immitis.
Microscopic patients

Paecilomyces Mold Chronic flat, granular, Ubiquitous in

fungal velvety to nature. This
sinusitis shades of tan. fungi can be
recovered at
microscopic any location
worldwide.
Scopulariopsis spp. Mold Onychomycos Moderate Its also
is grower, tan to recovered in
buff conidia the
microscopic colonies. environment
worldwide. It
implicates
pulmonary
disease in
immunocompr
omised
patients.

Trichoderma spp. Mold Pulmonary Rapid grower, Its a new

and skin green, and emerging
infections in granular. pathogen in
immunocompr immunocompr
omised omised patient
patients. that can cause
microscopic
a range of
infection.
Found in
environment
worldwide.

Alternaria spp. Mold Chronic Rapid grower, Most of the

fungal colonies from times this
sinusitis shades of organism can
gray, brown, be confused
Microscopic to black. for bacterial
sinusitis. Can
be found
worldwide on
grasses and
leaves.
Aurebasidium spp. Yeast Peritonitis Moderate/Rap Its a rare
id, yeast infection. Its
consistency, mainly found
white/pink, in
Microscopic black when contaminated
organism dialysis lines.
ages. Also recovered
in wet
conditions
such as shower
tiles and water
lines.

Chaetomium spp. Mold Central Moderate/Rap This infection

Nervous id grower, is mainly
System dirty gray, identified as
Infection. phaeoid with IV drug users.
microscopic age. Found in
environment.

Cladosporium spp. Mold laboratory Slow/Moderat It is confined

contaminant e grower, in sinuses.
phaeoid, ubiquitous in
granular nature. Its
Microscopic velvet to found in any
fluffy, olive- location in the
brown or world.
black.

Curvularia spp. Mold Chronic Rapid grower, Its found

sinusitis phaeoid worldwide in
colony, grass, leaves,
appears dirty and decaying
microscopic gray to black. vegetation.

media
Phoma spp. Mold Phoma blight Moderate Usually
grower, gray inoculated by
to brown secondary to
colonies. traumatic.
microscopic
Pithomyces spp. Mold Facial eczema Rapid grower Usually
and phaeoid inoculated by
colonies secondary to
traumatic.
microscopic
Ulocladium spp. Mold Hay Fever and Rapid grower, Implicated
subcutaneous brown to subcutaneous
infertions. olivaceous- infection by
black, suede- traumatic
microscopic like to inoculation.
floccose.

Candida spp. Yeast Thrush Varies Found

normally in
mucosa biota,
skin, and
digestive
microscopic system.

Cryptococcus spp. Yeast meningitis, Mucoid Major cause of

pulmonary colonies opportunistic
disease, and infections with
septicemia. AIDS. Found
microscopic in pigeon
droppings.

Rhodotorula spp. Yeast septicemia, Variable Known have a

endocarditis, bright salmon
meningitis, pink color.
and peritonitis. Also they are
nitrate + and
urease +.
microscopic
Enterobacteriaceae
Organism E. coli K.pneumoniae K.oxtyca K.ozaenae E. cloacae E. aero-genes

Information Mainly found in It's the frequent Normally Highly Most Most
urinary tract and cause of lower isolated from associated common common
the GI tract. respiratory tract nasal with the isolates. Can isolates. Can
There's an infection secretions plasmid- be recovered be recovered
uropathogenic and among and cerebral mediated from wounds, from wounds,
5 different hospitals. abscesses. extended urine, blood, urine, blood,
diarrheogenic E. Newborns, spectrum and CSF. and CSF.
coli. elderly, and beta
immunocom- lactamase.
promised It's a
patients can be contributing
on respirator. factor of anti
microbial
resistant
hospital
acquired
infections.
Diseases UTIs, Infantile Blood stream Atrophic Rhino- Bacteremia, Bacteremia,
diarrhea, infections, rhinitis and scleroma lower lower respir-
hemorrhagic UTIs, and nose tissue and ozena. respiratory atory tract
diarrhea, meningitis. destructive tract infections,
Dysentry, & disease. infections, skin/soft
travelers diarrhea. skin/soft tissue
tissue infections,
infections, UTIs, and
UTIs, and endocarditis.
endocarditis.
Virulence P pilus,
factor pathogenicity
islands, shiga
toxins, invasin,
and LT.
TSI A/A H2S- A/A H2S- A/A H2S- A/A H2S- K/A Gas (+) K/A
Indole + - + - - -
Methyl Red + +/- - + - -
Vogues- - + + - + +
Proskauer
Citrate - + + +/- + +
Phenylalanine - - - - - -
deaminase
H2S - - - - - -
Urease - + + +/- W+/- -
Motility + - - - + +
Acid + + + + + +
production
DNase - - - - - -
Nitrate Nitrite + + + + + +
Kovacs - - - - - -
Oxidase
ONPG + + + + + +
Organism P. Penneri P. mirabilis P. vulgaris P. P. stuartii P. rettgeri
Alcalifacens
Information Does a swarming Known to have Both Mainly Along with Along with
effect like p. a swarming mirabilis and found in rettgeri are stuartii are
Mirabilis on effect. It's vulgaris can feces of difficult to difficult to
nonselective found in water be isolated by children treat with treat with
media. It's isolated and soil. Urease urine, blood, with those that are those that are
from diarrhea. It's activity can and ear. diarrhea. It's immuno- immuno-
found in normal lead to kidney Known to be found in compromised. compromised.
intestinal stones. It's part the only gastro- The reason The reason
microbiota. It's an of normal flora proteus to intestinal being is that being is that
opportunistic in human produce tract. their resistant their resistant
infection. gastrointestinal indole. Can Alcalifacens, to to
tract. Both be found in stuartii, and antimicrobial. antimicrobial.
mirabilis and soil, water, rettgeri are Mainly found It's mainly
vulgaris can be and fecal documented in soil, water, found in
isolated by matter. pathogen in and sewage. water and
urine, blood, the urinary land
and ear. tract. environment.
Diseases Nosocomial UTIs, Nosocomial Nosocomial Wound Wound Wound
open wounds, UTIs, open UTIs, open infections, infections, infections,
upper/lower wounds, wounds, UTIs, UTIs, UTIs,
urinary infections, upper/lower upper/lower abscesses, abscesses, abscesses,
and acute urinary urinary indwelling indwelling indwelling
glomeru- infections, and infections, device device device
lonephritis acute glomeru- and acute infections, infections, infections,
lonephritis glomeru- and gastro- and gastro- and gastro-
lonephritis enteritis. enteritis. enteritis.
TSI K/K H2S - K/A H2S + A/A H2S + K/A H2S - K/A H2S - K/A H2S -
Indole - - + + + +
Methyl Red + + + + + +
Vogues- - +/- - - - -
Proskauer
Citrate - + - + + +
Phenylalanine + + + + + +
deaminase
H2S - + + - - -
Urease + + + - - +
Motility + + + + + +
Acid + + + + + +
production
DNase - +/- + - - -
Nitrate Nitrite + + + - - +
Kovacs - - - + + -
Oxidase
ONPG - - - - - -
Organism M. morganii S. choleraeuis S. typhi S. S. flexneri S. Boydii
dysenteriae
Information Haven't been It has an animal Not an Can infect Out of the It can be
implicated in reservoir. It's animal through food shigella transmitted
diarrheal illness. It found mainly in reservoir. and water. species, it can by direct
does play a role as cattle and Humans are Can produce be treated contact or
an etiology can poultry. only known the shiga with anti- oral-fecal
agent of diarrheal to infect other toxin. biotics. It can route. It can
disease. It's motile individuals. Unhealthy be transmitted survive in
but does not Seen in hygiene can by direct feces, soil,
swarm. tropical and infect contact or food, and
subtropical humans. oral-fecal water.
regions. Can route.
transmit in
water too.
May harbor
in the
gallbladder.
Diseases UTIs and neonatal Systemic Typhoid Bacillary Diarrhea and Dysentery
sepsis infections and fever dysentery, Dysentery
severe blood colitis,
poisoning hemolytic
uremic
syndrome,
and renal
failure.
TSI K/A H2S - K/A H2S + K/A H2S + K/A H2S - K/A H2S - K/A H2S -
Indole + - - - +/- -
Methyl Red + + + + + +
Vogues- - - - - - -
Proskauer
Citrate - - - - - -
Phenylalanine + - - - - -
deaminase
H2S - + + - - -
Urease + - - - - -
Motility + + + - - -
Acid + + + - + +
production
DNase - - - - - -
Nitrate Nitrite + + + + + +
Kovacs - - - - - -
Oxidase
ONPG - - - - - -
Organism S. Sonnei Y. Petis Y. Y. Pseudo- E. americana K. ascorbata
enterocolitica tuberculosis
Information It can be It's transmitted It's seen Fatal in Isolated come It's found in
transmitted by by infected flea mostly in animals. from blood respiratory,
direct contact or bites and Europe. Infection is cultures or urine, and
oral-fecal route. It rodents. The Infection can usually self- respiratory blood
can survive in best growth acquire from limited. specimens. It cultures.
feces, soil, food, temperature is household Found in also exhibits Shows small
and water. It's 25-30 degrees pets. Usually domestic resistances to zones of
responsible for Celsius. It's a ingesting birds. multiple anti- inhibition.
90% of shigellosis. known infected Appears as a microbials.
bioterrorism. swine, beef, typical DNA
chicken, and looking hybridization
deli meat. plague helped
Optimal bacillus. separate
growth is between this
cold species and
enrichment at cedeera.
25 degrees
Celsius.
Diseases Shigellosis Black Plague Acute Psdeuo- Osteomyelitis Postoperative
enteritis tubercles and septic infection and
arthritis peritonitis.
TSI K/A H2S - K/A H2S - A/A H2S - A/A Uknown Unknown
Indole - - +/- - - +
Methyl Red + + + + + +
Vogues- - - - - + -
Proskauer
Citrate - - - - + +
Phenylalanine - - - - - +
deaminase
H2S - - - - - -
Urease - - + + - -
Motility - - - - + +
Acid + + + + + +
production
DNase - + - - - -
Nitrate Nitrite + - + + + +
Kovacs - - - - - -
Oxidase
ONPG + +/- + + + +
Organism K. Cryocrescens L. L. grimontii L. richardii M. wiscon- O. proteus
adecarboxylata sensis
Information Shows a larger Isolated from Shown to Shown to It resembles It's a
zone of inhibition blood, urine, produce H2S produce H2S E. coli on fastidious
than thank K. sputum, and and a weak and a weak enteric media. organism. It's
ascorbata. This feces. Also it reaction on a reaction on a Can be a slow
organism is known can be collected salmonella salmonella isolated from growing
to ferment glucose in 27 isolates anti- sera. anti- sera. feces. organism. It
at 5 degrees. from nonhuman Clinical Clinical grows at 37
Where k. sources. It has significance significance degrees
ascorbata can't the same is still is still Celsius. It's
ferment glucose at IMViC reaction unknown. unknown. not found in
that temperature. as E. Coli. The human
only difference specimens.
is its negative
for
lysine/ornithine
decarboxylase.

Diseases Diarrhea and Septicemia Nosocomial Nosocomial Diarrhea and Unknown

intestinal infections infect gallbladder
infections infections.
TSI Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
Indole + + - - - -
Methyl Red + + + - + -
Vogues- - - - - - -
Proskauer
Citrate + - + - + -
Phenylalanine - - - - - -
deaminase
H2S - - + + - -
Urease - - - - - -
Motility + + - - - -
Acid + + + + + +
production
DNase - - - - - -
Nitrate Nitrite + + + + + +
Kovacs - - - - - -
Oxidase
ONPG + + - - - -
Organism P. luminescens R. aquatilitis T. ptyseos T. Y. C. freundii
guamensis regensburgei
Information It's natural habitat It's name was Stock It was It was first It's isolated in
is in lumen given to a cultures are formerly thought that it diarrheal
entomopathogenic. group of water to be kept known as was related to stool cultures.
It has a two phase bacteria that's frozen on enteric hafnia It's known to
with luminescence psychrotolerant, sheep blood group 90. species. With be extra-
happening in being able to cells. They It's mainly DNA intestinal
phase 1. It's grow at 4 die weeks found in the hybridization pathogenic
pigmentation is degrees later on a island of the two role in
usually either Celsius. slant agar. It Guam. It's species are intestinal
pink, red, orange, resembles E. isolated 15% related. disease. It's
yellow, or green agglomerans. from human To differ role in
pigmentation. To diarrheal between the intestinal
Those differentiate samples. two are by disease isn't
pigmentation can these two is VP reaction. established
be seen using this organism Yokenella
special medians has a Weak hold negative
like trypticase soy reaction to reaction to
and/or egg yolk PAD. Large VP.
agar. zones of
inhibition of
penicillin.
Diseases Severe infections Wound Severe sepsis Unknown Further UTIs,
infections, studies pneumonia,
bacteremia, and needed to and intra-
septicemia. determine abdominal
their abscesses. IV
significance drug abusers
in human is associated
disease with endo-
carditis.
TSI Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown K/A H2S +
Indole +/- - - - - -
Methyl Red - + - + + +
Vogues- - + - - - -
Proskauer
Citrate +/- + - + + +
Phenylalanine - + + - - -
deaminase
H2S - - - + - +
Urease - - - - - -
Motility + - - + + +
Acid + + + + + +
production
DNase - - - - - -
Nitrate Nitrite - + + + + +
Kovacs - - - - - -
Oxidase
ONPG - + - + + +