Coordinates: 38°54′34″N 77°3′54″W

Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)

Georgetown is a historic neighborhood and a commercial and entertainment
Georgetown Historic District
district located in northwest Washington, D.C., situated along the Potomac
River. Founded in 1751 in the Province of Maryland, the port of Georgetown U.S. National Register of Historic
predated the establishment of the federal district and the City of Washington by Places
40 years. Georgetown remained a separate municipality until 1871, when the U.S. National Historic Landmark District
United States Congress created a new consolidated government for the whole
District of Columbia. A separate act passed in 1895 specifically repealed
Georgetown's remaining local ordinances and renamed Georgetown's streets to
conform with those in the City of Washington.

The primary commercial corridors of Georgetown are the intersection of

Wisconsin Avenue and M Street, which contain high-end shops, bars,
restaurants, and the Georgetown Park enclosed shopping mall. The Washington
Harbour waterfront restaurants are located at K Street, between 30th and 31st
Streets.
1201 Wisconsin Avenue (PNC Bank), on
Georgetown is home to the main campus of Georgetown University and the corner of M Street & Wisconsin Avenue
numerous other landmarks, such as the Volta Bureau and the Old Stone House,
the oldest unchanged building in Washington. The embassies of Cameroon,
France, Kosovo, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Mongolia, Sweden, Thailand, Ukraine
and Venezuela are located in Georgetown.

Contents
History
Early history
Establishment of the federal capital
19th century
20th century
21st century
Geography Map of Washington, D.C., with Georgetown
African-American history highlighted in maroon.
Education Location Roughly bounded
Primary and secondary education by Whitehaven
Georgetown University Street, Rock Creek
Public libraries
Park, the Potomac
Transportation River, and the
Historic landmarks Georgetown
Notable residents University campus
In film Coordinates 38°54′34″N
References 77°3′54″W
External links Area 750 acres (300 ha)
NRHP reference # 67000025
 Significant dates
History
Added to NRHP May 28, 1967
Designated NHLD May 28, 1967
Early history
Situated on the Fall Line, Georgetown was the farthest point upstream that
oceangoing boats could navigate the Potomac River. In 1632, English fur trader
Henry Fleet documented a Native American village of the Nacotchtank people
called Tohoga on the site of present-day Georgetown and established trade there.[1]
The area was then part of theProvince of Maryland, an English colony.

George Gordon constructed a tobacco inspection house along the Potomac in

approximately 1745. The site was already a tobacco trading post when the inspection
house was built. Warehouses, wharves, and other buildings were then constructed
around the inspection house, and it quickly became a small community. It did not The Old Stone House, built 1765, is
take long before Georgetown grew into a thriving port, facilitating trade and one of the oldest buildings in
shipments of goods from colonial Maryland.[2] Washington, D.C.

In 1751, the legislature of the Province of Maryland authorized the purchase of 60

acres (240,000 m2) of land from Gordon and George Beall at the price of £280.[3] A survey of the town was completed in February
1752.[4] Since Georgetown was founded during the reignof George II of Great Britain, some speculate that the town was named after
him. Another theory is that the town was named after its founders, George Gordon and George Beall.[5] The Maryland Legislature
formally issued a charter and incorporated the town in 1789.[6] (Although Georgetown was never officially made a city, it was later
referred to as the "City of Georgetown" in several 19th-century acts of Congress.[7]) Robert Peter, an early area merchant in the
tobacco trade, became Georgetown's first mayor in 1790.[8]

Col. John Beatty established the first church in Georgetown, a Lutheran church on High Street. Stephen Bloomer Balch established a
Presbyterian Church in 1784. In 1795, the Trinity Catholic Church was built, along with a parish school-house. Construction of St.
John's Episcopal Church began in 1797, but paused for financial reasons until 1803, and the church was finally consecrated in 1809.
Banks in Georgetown included the Farmers and Mechanics Bank, which was established in 1814. Other banks included the Bank of
getown.[9]
Washington, Patriotic Bank, Bank of the Metropolis, and the Union and Central Banks of Geor

Newspapers in Georgetown included the Republican Weekly Ledger, which was the first paper, started in 1790. The Sentinel was first
published in 1796 by Green, English & Co.Charles C. Fulton began publishing the Potomac Advocate, which was started by Thomas
Turner. Other newspapers in Georgetown included the Georgetown Courier and the Federal Republican. William B. Magruder, the
first postmaster, was appointed on February 16, 1790, and in 1795, a custom house was established on Water Street. General James
M. Lingan served as the first collector of the port.[9]

In the 1790s, City Tavern, the Union Tavern, and the Columbian Inn opened and were popular throughout the 19th century.[10] Of
these taverns, only the City Tavern remains today, as a private social club (theCity Tavern Club) located near the corner of Wisconsin
Avenue and M Street.

Establishment of the federal capital

George Washington frequented Georgetown, including Suter's Tavern where he worked out many deals to acquire land for the new
Federal City.[11] A key figure in the land deals was a local merchant named Benjamin Stoddert, who arrived in Georgetown in 1783.
He had previously served as Secretary to the Board of War under the Articles of Confederation. Stoddert partnered with General
Uriah Forrest to become an original proprietor of thePotomac Company.[12]

Stoddert and other Potomac landowners agreed to a land transfer deal to the federal government at a dinner at Forrest's home in
Georgetown on March 28, 1791. Stoddert bought land within the boundaries of the federal district, some of it at the request of
Washington for the government, and some on speculation. He also purchased stock in the federal government under Hamilton's
assumption-of-debt plan. The speculative purchases were not, however, profitable and caused Stoddert much difficulty before his
appointment as Secretary of the Navy to John Adams. Stoddert was rescued from his debts with the help of William Marbury, later of
Marbury v. Madison fame, and also a Georgetown resident. He ultimately owned Halcyon House at the corner of 34th and Prospect
Streets.[12] The Forrest-Marbury Houseon M Street is currently the embassy ofUkraine.

After the establishment of the federal capital, Georgetown became an independent municipal government within the District of
Columbia, along with the City of Washington, the City of Alexandria, and the newly created County of Washington and County of
Alexandria (now Arlington County, Virginia).

19th century
By the 1820s, the Potomac River had become silted up and was not navigable up to
Georgetown. Construction of the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal began in July 1828, to
link Georgetown to Harper's Ferry, Virginia (West Virginia after 1863). But the canal
was soon in a race with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad and got to Cumberland eight
years after the railroad, a faster mode of transport, and at the cost of $77,041,586. It
was never profitable. From its beginning to December 1876, the canal earned
[9]
$35,659,055 in revenue, while expending $35,746,301.

The Canal nonetheless provided an economic boost for Georgetown. In the 1820s
Georgetown around 1862. Overview and 1830s, Georgetown was an important shipping center. Tobacco and other goods
of the C&O Canal, Aqueduct Bridge were transferred between the canal and shipping on the Potomac River. As well, salt
at right, and unfinishedCapitol dome
was imported from Europe, and sugar and molasses were imported from the West
in the distant background.
Indies.[9] These shipping industries were later superseded by coal and flour
industries, which flourished with the C & O Canal providing cheap power for mills
and other industry.[13] In 1862, the Washington and Georgetown Railroad Company began a horsecar line running along M Street in
Georgetown and Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington, easing travel between the two cities.

The municipal governments of Georgetown and the City of Washington were

formally revoked by Congress effective June 1, 1871, at which point its
governmental powers were vested within the District of Columbia.[14] The streets in
Georgetown were renamed in 1895 to conform to the street names in use in
Washington.[15]

By the late 19th century, flour milling and other industries in Georgetown were
declining, in part due to the fact that the canals and other waterways continually
silted up.[16] Nathaniel Michler and S.T. Abert led efforts to dredge the channels and
remove rocks around the Georgetown harbor, though these were temporary solutions Sailing vessels docked at the
and Congress showed little interest in the issue.[17] An 1890 flood and expansion of Georgetown waterfront, ca. 1865
the railroads brought destitution to the C&O Canal, and Georgetown's waterfront
became more industrialized, with narrow alleys, warehouses, and apartment
dwellings which lacked plumbing or electricity. Shipping trade vanished between the Civil War and World War I.[18] As a result,
many older homes were preserved relatively unchanged.

20th century
In 1915, the Buffalo Bridge (on Q Street) opened and connected this part of Georgetown with the rest of the city east of Rock Creek
Park. Soon thereafter, new construction of large apartment buildings began on the edge of Georgetown. In the early 1920s, John
Ihlder led efforts to take advantage of new zoning laws to get restrictions enacted on construction in Georgetown.[19] A 1933 study
getown could be preserved.[20]
by Horace Peaslee and Allied Architects laid out ideas for how Geor
The C & O Canal, then owned by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, formally ceased
operations in March 1924. After severe flooding in 1936, B & O Railroad sold the
canal to the National Park Service in October 1938.[21] The waterfront area retained
its industrial character in the first half of the 20th century. Georgetown was home to
a lumber yard, a cement works, the Washington Flour mill, and a meat rendering
plant, with incinerator smokestacks and a power generating plant for the old Capital
Traction streetcar system, located at the foot of Wisconsin Avenue, which closed in
1935, and was demolished in October 1968. In 1949, the city constructed the
Whitehurst Freeway, an elevated highway above K Street, to allow motorists
Poor children playing on sidewalk in
entering the District over the Key Bridge to bypass Georgetown entirely on their Georgetown during theGreat
way downtown. Depression, Carl Mydans, 1935

In 1950, Public Law 808 was passed, establishing the historic district of "Old
Georgetown".[22] The law required that the United States Commission of Fine Arts be consulted on any alteration, demolition, or
building construction within the historic district.[23]

In 1967, the Georgetown Historic Districtwas listed on the U.S.National Register of Historic Places.[24]

21st century
Georgetown is home to many politicians andlobbyists. Georgetown's landmark waterfront district was further revitalized in 2003 and
includes hotels such as a Ritz-Carlton and a Four Seasons.[25] Georgetown's highly traveled commercial district is home to a variety
of specialty retailers and fashionable boutiques.

Geography
Georgetown is bounded by the Potomac River on the south, Rock Creek to the east,
Burleith, Glover Park, and Observatory Circle to the north, with Georgetown
University on the west end of the neighborhood. Much of Georgetown is surrounded
by parkland and green space that serve as buffers from development in adjacent
neighborhoods, and provide recreation. Rock Creek Park, the Oak Hill Cemetery,
Montrose Park and Dumbarton Oaks are located along the north and east edge of
Georgetown, east of Wisconsin Avenue.[26] The neighborhood is situated on bluffs The Washington Harbour complex
overlooking the Potomac River. As a result, there are some rather steep grades on located on the Potomac River. Healy
streets running north-south. The famous "Exorcist steps" connecting M Street to Hall is visible in the background.
Prospect Street were necessitated by the hilly terrain of the neighborhood.

The primary commercial corridors of Georgetown are M Street and Wisconsin Avenue, whose high fashion stores draw large
numbers of tourists as well as local shoppers year-round. There is also the Washington Harbour complex on K Street, on the
waterfront, featuring outdoor bars and restaurants popular for viewing boat races. Between M and K Streets runs the historic
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, today plied only by tour boats; adjacent trails are popular with joggers or strollers.

African-American history
Georgetown in the 1850s had a large African-American population, including both slaves and free blacks. Slave labor was widely
used in construction of new buildings in Washington, in addition to provide labor on tobacco plantations in Maryland and Virginia.
Slave trading in Georgetown began in 1760, when John Beattie established his business on O Street and conducted business at other
locations around Wisconsin Avenue. Other slave markets ("pens") were located in Georgetown, including one at McCandless' Tavern
near M Street and Wisconsin Avenue.[27] Slave trading continued until 1850, when it was banned in the District as one element of the
Compromise of 1850.[28] Congress abolished ownership of slaves in the entire District on April 16, 1862, annually observed today as
Emancipation Day.[21] Many African Americans moved to Georgetown following the Civil War, establishing a thriving community.
 In the late 18th century and 19th century, African Americans comprised a substantial
portion of Georgetown's population. The 1800 census reported the population in
Georgetown at 5,120, which included 1,449 slaves and 227 free blacks.[28] A
testament to the African-American history that remains today is the Mount Zion
United Methodist Church, which is the oldest African-American congregation in
Washington. Prior to establishing the church, free blacks and slaves went to the
Dumbarton Methodist Church where they were restricted to a hot, overcrowded
balcony. The church was originally located in a small brick meetinghouse on 27th
Street, but it was destroyed by fire in the 1880s. The church was rebuilt on the
Shops along Wisconsin Avenue
present site.[29] Mount Zion Cemetery offered free burials for Washington's earlier
African-American population.[30] "From a pre-Civil War population of 6,798 whites,
1,358 free Negroes, and 577 slaves, Georgetown's population had grown to 17,300 but half these residents were poverty-stricken
Negroes."[18]

Education

Primary and secondary education

Throughout the 18th, 19th, and 20th
centuries the concentration of
wealth in Georgetown sparked the
growth of many university-
preparatory schools in and around
the neighborhood. One of the first
schools was the Columbian
Academy on N Street, which was
Georgetown Visitation Preparatory
established in 1781 with Reverend School
Hyde-Addison School Stephen Balch serving as the
headmaster.[31]

Private schools currently located in Georgetown include Georgetown Visitation Preparatory School, while nearby is the eponymous
Georgetown Day School. Georgetown Preparatory School, while founded in Georgetown, moved in 1915 to its present location
several miles north of Georgetown in Montgomery County.

District of Columbia Public Schoolsoperates area public schools, including Hyde-Addison Elementary School on O Street.[32] Hardy
Middle School and Wilson High School both serve Georgetown as zoned schools.[33][34] Duke Ellington School of the Arts, a public
magnet school, is in the community.

Georgetown University
The main campus of Georgetown University is located on the western edge of the
Georgetown neighborhood.Father John Carroll founded Georgetown University as a
Jesuit private university in 1789, though its roots extend back to 1634.[35] Although
the school struggled financially in its early years, Georgetown expanded into a
branched university after the American Civil War under the leadership of university
president Patrick Francis Healy. As of 2007, the university has 6,853 undergraduate
students and 4,490 graduate students on the main campus.[36]

Healy Hall at Georgetown University.

The main campus is just over 102 acres (41 ha) in area and includes 58 buildings, student residences capable of accommodating 80
percent of undergraduates, various athletic facilities, and the medical school.[36] Most buildings employ collegiate Gothic
architecture and Georgian brick architecture. Campus green areas include fountains, a cemetery, large clusters of flowers, groves of
trees, and open quadrangles.[37] The main campus has traditionally centered on Dahlgren Quadrangle, although Red Square has
replaced it as the focus of student life.[38] Healy Hall, built in Flemish Romanesque style from 1877 to 1879, is the architectural gem
of Georgetown's campus, and is aNational Historic Landmark.[39]

Public libraries
The District of Columbia Public Library operates the Georgetown Neighborhood Library,[40] which originally opened at 3260 R St.
NW in October 1935 on the site of the former Georgetown Reservoir. An earlier public library in Georgetown was endowed by
financier George Peabody in 1867 and opened in a room of the Curtis School on O Street opposite St. John's Church in 1875. In the
getown.[41]
early 1930s a library committee was formed to encourage the establishment of a new public library branch in Geor

The building was severely damaged by a fire on April 30, 2007 and underwent a $17.9 million renovation and expansion. The
building was re-opened on October 18, 2010 with a LEED-Silver Certification from the U.S. Green Building Council.[42] A newly
constructed, climate-controlled third floor now houses the collections of the original Peabody Library and is a center for research on
Georgetown history.[43]

Transportation
Georgetown's transportation importance was defined by its location just below the
fall line of the Potomac River. The Aqueduct Bridge (and later, the Francis Scott
Key Bridge) connected Georgetown with Virginia. Before the Aqueduct Bridge was
built, a ferry service owned by John Mason connected Georgetown to Virginia.[44]
In 1788, a bridge was constructed over Rock Creek to connect Bridge Street (M
Street) with the Federal City.[45]

Georgetown was located at the juncture of

the Alexandria Canal and the Chesapeake
Francis Scott Key Bridgeacross the and Ohio Canal. The C&O Canal, begun in
Potomac River, connecting Georgetown in 1829, reached Cumberland,
Georgetown to Rosslyn, Virginia
Maryland in 1851, and operated until 1924.
Wisconsin Avenue is on the alignment of the
tobacco hogshead rolling road from rural Maryland, and the Federal Customs House was
located on 31st Street (now utilized as the post office). The city's oldest bridge, the sandstone
bridge which carries Wisconsin Avenue over the C&O Canal, and which dates to 1831, was
reopened to traffic on May 16, 2007, after a $3.5 million restoration. It is the only remaining
bridge of five constructed in Georgetown by the Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Company.[46] The Chesapeake and Ohio
Canal passes through
Several streetcar lines and interurban railways interchanged passengers in Georgetown. The Georgetown.
station was located in front of the stone wall on Canal Road (currently occupied by a gas
station) adjacent to theExorcist steps, and the Georgetown Car Barn, formerly operated by the
Capital Traction Company, at the end of the Key Bridge. Four suburban Virginia lines, connecting through Rosslyn, Virginia,
provided links from the D.C. streetcar network to Mount Vernon, Falls Church, Great Falls, Fairfax, Vienna, Leesburg, and
Purcellville. Streetcar operations in Washington, D.C. ended January 28, 1962. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad built an 11-mile
branch line from Silver Spring, Maryland, to Water Street in Georgetown in an abortive attempt to construct a southern connection to
Alexandria, Virginia. The line served as an industrial line, shipping coal to a General Services Administration power plant on K
Street (now razed) until 1985. The abandoned right-of-way has since been converted into the Capital Crescent Trail – a rails-to-trails
route[47] – and the power plant replaced by a condo.
There is no Metro station in Georgetown. Some residents opposed building one but no serious plans for a station existed in the first
place, primarily due to the engineering issues presented by the extremely steep grade from the Potomac River (under which the
subway tunnel would run) to the center of Georgetown, very close to the river. The planners expected the Metro to serve rush-hour
commuters, and the neighborhood has few apartments, office buildings, or automobile parking areas.[48] Since the Metro's opening,
there have been occasional discussions about adding another subway line and tunnel under the Potomac to service the area. Three
stations are located roughly one mile (1.6 km) from the center of Georgetown: Rosslyn (across the Key Bridge in Arlington), Foggy
Bottom-GWU, and Dupont Circle. Georgetown is served by the 30-series, D-Series, and G2 Metrobuses, as well as the DC
Circulator.[49]

Historic landmarks
The entire Georgetown neighborhood is a designated National Historic Landmark
District. It received this designation in 1967 for its large concentration of well-
[50]
preserved colonial and Federal period architecture.

Georgetown is also home to a variety of other historic landmarks, including:

Canal Square Building, 1054 31st Street, NW , former home of the

Tabulating Machine Company, a direct precursor of IBM[51][52]
The City Tavern Club, built in 1796, is the oldest commercial structure in
Washington, D.C.
The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, begun in 1829. Oak Hill Cemetery Chapel, designed
Dumbarton Oaks, 3101 R Street, NW, former home of John C. Calhoun, by James Renwick, Jr. in 1850, is
U.S. vice president, where theUnited Nations charter was outlined in listed on the National Register of
1944.
Historic Places.
Evermay, built in 1801 and restored by F. Lammot Belin[29]
The Forrest-Marbury House, 3350 M Street, NW, where George
Washington met with local landowners to acquire theDistrict of
Columbia. Currently the Embassy ofUkraine.
Georgetown Lutheran Church was the first church in Georgetown, dates
back to 1769. The current church structure, the fourth on the site, was
built in 1914.[53]
Georgetown Presbyterian Church was established in 1780 by Reverend
Stephen Bloomer Balch. Formerly located on Bridge Street (M Street),
the current church building was constructed in 1881 on P Street. [54]

Healy Hall on Georgetown's campus, built in Flemish Romanesque style

from 1877 to 1879 was designated a National Historic Landmark in
1987. Chesapeake and Ohio Canal
Mount Zion United Methodist Church and Mount Zion Cemetery [30]

The Oak Hill Cemetery, a gift of William Wilson Corcoranwhose Gothic

Revival chapel and gates were designed byJames Renwick, is the resting place ofAbraham Lincoln's son Willie and
other figures.[55]
ashington, D.C.[56]
The Old Stone House, built in 1765, located on M Street is the oldest original structure in W
Tudor Place[57] and Dumbarton Court[58]
The Volta Laboratory and Bureau, created by Alexander Graham Bellas his first formal research laboratory, the
profits from which were used to create a research and educational institution devoted to serving the deaf, which
operates today as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing , also known as the 'AG
Bell'.[59]

Notable residents
Famous former residents include:

Georgetown was home toFrancis Scott Key who arrived as a young lawyer in 1808 and resided on M Street. Dr .
William Beanes, a relative of Key, captured the rear guard of the British Army while it was burning W
ashington during
the War of 1812. When the mass of the army retreated, they retrieved their imprisoned guard and took Dr . Beanes
 as a captive to their fleet nearBaltimore. Key went to the fleet to request the release of Beanes, was held until the
bombardment of Fort McHenrywas completed, and gained the inspiration for The " Star-Spangled Banner".
Alexander Graham Bell's earliest switching office for the Bell System was located on a site just below the C&O
Canal, and it remains in use as a phone facility to this day. Bell originally moved to Georgetown due to the numerous
legal hearings related to telephone patents, but then later created theVolta Laboratory and stayed on due to the
many other scientific and technical organizations established in the region. [59]

John F. Kennedy lived in Georgetown in the 1950s as both a Congressman and a Senator . Parties hosted by his
wife, Jackie, and many other Georgetown hostesses drew political elites away from downtown clubs and hotels or
the upper 16th Street corridor. Kennedy went to his presidential inauguration from his townhouse at 3307 N Street in
January 1961.
Pulitzer Prize-winning author Herman Wouk resided in Georgetown and attended the Georgetownsynagogue,
Kesher Israel Congregation, between 1964 and 1983 when he was researching and writing his two novels of World
War II, The Winds of War and War and Remembrance.[60]
Hollywood actress Elizabeth Taylor lived in Georgetown during her marriage toSenator John Warner in the 1970s
and early 80s.[61] Taylor's first major stage performance, inLillian Hellman's The Little Foxes, took place nearby at
the Kennedy Center during that time.[62]
Julia Child's first house is located on Olive Street. Child and her husband Paul purchased the house in 1948,
although they left for France soon after. In 1956, they returned to Georgetown, living in the Olive Street house until
moving to Cambridge, Massachusettsin 1959.[63]
Pedro Casanave, the fifth mayor of Georgetown (who directed the construction and buried the Cornerstone in what
later became in the White House on October 12, 1792), lived near of modern Delaware A venue, in Georgetown.
Current residents include:

Former Secretary of StateJohn Kerry

Former Washington Post Editor Ben Bradlee
Washington Post Watergate reporter and current assistant managing editor Bob Woodward
Former Secretary of StateMadeleine Albright
Montana Senator Max Baucus

In film
Many movies have been filmed in Georgetown:

Topaz (1969, private house)

The Exorcist (1973) was set in the neighborhood and partially filmed there. In the
movie's climactic scene, the protagonist is hurled down the 75-step staircase at
the end of 36th Street NW, which connects Prospect Street with M Street below.
The staircase has come to be known as the Exorcist
" steps".[64] A false front was
built onto the house at the top of the steps so that the bedroom windows would
immediately overlook the steps. The real structure is considerably set-back. [65]

St. Elmo's Fire (1985) was set in Georgetown, though the campus fraternity row
portions were filmed at theUniversity of Maryland campus in College Park.
No Way Out (1987) featured a Georgetown Metro stop as a plot device, even
though no such station exists; the subway station shots were filmed inBaltimore,
Maryland. Chase scenes for the movie were shot on theWhitehurst Freeway.
The Man with One Red Shoe(1985, an early Tom Hanks film)
Chances Are (1989)
The Exorcist 3 (1990) The "Exorcist steps"
Timecop (1994)
True Lies (1994)
Dave (1993)
The Jackal (1997, private homes)
Enemy of the State (1998)
Dick (1999, C&O Canal)
Election (1999)
Spy Games (2001)
Minority Report (2002)
The Recruit (2003)
The Girl Next Door (2004)
 Wedding Crashers (2005)
Transformers (2007).
Although Burn After Reading (2008) featured Georgetown prominently , filming
was done in Brooklyn.
The television series The West Wing occasionally filmed scenes in and around
Georgetown.[66]

References
Citations

1. Delany, Kevin (1971). A Walk Through Georgetown. Kevin Delany Publications.

2. Lesko 1991, p. 1.
3. Ecker 1933, pp. 1-6.
4. Jackson, Richard Plummer (1878).The Chronicles of Georgetown, D.C., from 1751-1878(https://books.google.com/
books?id=VFUUAAAAYAAJ). R. O. Polkinhorn. pp. 3–4.
5. Establishment and Government of the District of Columbia(https://books.google.com/books?id=lhlHAQAAIAAJ&pg=
PA183#v=onepage&q&f=false). U.S. Senate reports of 1900, Congressional Edition, V olume 4043, US Gov't GPO. 1
January 1901. p. 175. Retrieved 16 January 2019.
6. Lesko 1991, pp. 1-2.
7. Tindall, William (1901). The Establishment and Government of the District of Columbia(https://books.google.com/bo
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8. Ecker 1933, p. 8.
9. "An Old City's History: The Simple Annals of Our V
enerable Suburb". The Washington Post. July 24, 1878.
10. Holmes, Oliver W. "The City Tavern: A Century of Georgetown History
, 1797-1898". Records of the Columbia
Historical Society. 50: 1–35.
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12. Ecker 1933, p. 12.
13. Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 49.
14. "A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 - 1875" (http://memo
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December 30, 2017.
15. "CHAP. 79.-An Act Changing the name of Georgetown, in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes" (http://ww
w.constitution.org/uslaw/sal/028_statutes_at_large.pdf) (PDF). United States Statutes at Large from August 1893 to
March 1895. p. 679. Retrieved July 10, 2011.
16. Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 58.
17. Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 94.
18. Smith, A. Robert; Sevareid, Eric. "Washington: Magnificent Capital".Doubleday & Company, New York, 1965: 154,
Library of Congress card number 65–24912.
19. Mitchell 1983, p. 2.
20. Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 199.
21. "H-DC - H-Net" (http://www.h-net.org/~dclist/timeline1.html). H-Net.org. Retrieved December 30, 2017.
22. Lesko 1991, p. 95.
23. "Old Georgetown Act" (http://www.cfa.gov/georgetown/pl808_81.html). National Commission of Fine Arts. Retrieved
December 9, 2008.
24. HL Boundary Review Project (February 1980)."National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination:
Georgetown Historic District"(https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAsset/NRHP/67000025_text). National Park
Service. Retrieved September 22, 2016. with 11 historic images and photos(https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP/GetAss
et/NRHP/67000025_photos)
25. "The Ritz-Carlton Hotel and Residences, Georgetown"(http://archrecord.construction.com/projects/bts/archives/ada
ptivereuse/04_ritz/overview.asp). Architectural Record. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
26. Mitchell 1983, pp. 14-15.
27. Gutheim & Lee 2006, p. 51.
28. Lesko 1991, p. 2.
29. Mitchell 1983, p. 10.
30. ???. "Washington, DC--Mt. Zion Cemetery"(http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wash/dc10.htm). cr.NPS.gov. Retrieved
December 30, 2017.
31. Clark, Allen C. "Rev. Stephen Bloomer Balch, a Pioneer Preacher of Georgetown".Records of the Columbia
Historical Society: 73–95.
32. "Elementary Schools (https://dcps.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dcps/publication/attachments/Attendance%20Zo
nes%20for%20Neighborhood%20Elementary%20%20K-8%20Schools.pdf) " (2016-2017 School Year). District of
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Bibliography

Ecker, Grace Dunlop (1933).A Portrait of Old Georgetown. Garrett & Massie, Inc.
Gutheim, Frederick Albert; Lee, Antoinette J. (2006).Worthy of the Nation: Washington, DC, from L'Enfant to the
National Capital. Johns Hopkins University Press.
Lesko, Kathleen Menzies; Valerie Babb; Carroll R. Gibbs (1991). Black Georgetown Remembered : A History Of Its
Black Community From The Founding Of "The o Twn of George". Georgetown University Press.
ISBN 9781626163263. OCLC 922572367.
Mitchell, Mary (1983). Glimpses of Georgetown: Past and Present. The Road Street Press.

Further reading
 Historical Overview of Georgetown, from the Georgetown Partnership.
Griffith, Gary. "Whitehurst Freeway Coming Down?" at WestEndGuide.us
King, Leroy O. 100 Years of Capital Traction - The Story of Streetcars in the Nations Capital
, Taylor Publishing
Company, Dallas, Texas, Third printing, 1989,ISBN 0-9600938-1-8.
Georgetown's Hidden History, from the Washington Post, by Andrew Stephen, July 16, 2006
Georgetown's early history
Georgetown Historic District, National Park Service.

External links
Citizens Association of Georgetown, community association
GeorgetownDC.com, by the Georgetown Business Improvement District
The Georgetown Current, community newspaper
The Georgetowner, community magazine
"Georgetown, a former city in the District of Columbia". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
"Georgetown. I. A port of entry of the District of Columbia". The American Cyclopædia. 1879.
Hyde-Addison Elementary School

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