Andrea Nicole S.

Ramchand

Gas table of contents

1. Kinematic Molecular
Theorem

Laws
2. Boyle’s Law
3. Charles’ Law
4. Gay-Lussac’s Law
5. Combined Gas Law
6. Avogadro’s Law

7. Ideal Gas Law

Kinematic Molecular Theorem

Submitted To: Maam Elena B. Mohammad
states that :
Submitted By: Jade Danielle S. Mihammad


-gas particles are in constant motion and exhibit Sample Problems:

perfectly elastic collisions 1. A balloon with a volume of 2.0 L is

filled with a gas at 3 atmospheres. If the Pi = 3 atm
pressure is reduced to 0.5 atmospheres Pf = 0.5 atm
-gas particles are in constant, random, straight- without a change in temperature, what Vf = (2.0 L) (3 atm) / (0.5 atm)
would be the volume of the balloon? Vf = 6 L / 0.5 atm
line motion Vf = 12 L
Solution:
-gas particles don’t attract or repel each other PiVi = PfVf Answer: The volume of the balloon
where will expand to 12 L.
-can both explain Charles’ and Boyle’s Law Pi = initial pressure Pf = final pressure
Vf = final volume Vi = initial volume
To find the final volume, solve the equation for
-the average kinetic energy of a collection of gas Vf:
Vf = PiVi/Pf
particles is directly proportional to absolute Vi = 2.0 L

temperature only

Boyle’s Law
-states that pressure and volume are related
at constant temperature
-as one goes up, the other goes down

- PV = K-P1V1= P2V2
2. An ideal gas occupying a 2.0 L flask at
760 torr is allowed to expand to a volume

Charles’ Law
of 6,000 mL.
Calculate the final pressure in atm.

-states that volume of a gas

varies directly with the
absolute temperature at
constant pressure
-V = KT
- V1/T1 = V2/T2
Sample Problems: 1. Calculate the new volume, if in a container
there is a mass of gas that occupies a volume
of 1.3 liters, at a temperature of 280 K.
Calculate the volume when reaching a
temperature of 303 K.

V 1 = 1.3 l.
Answer: T 1 = 280 K
V 2 =?
T 2 = 303 K

Answer: 1.41 liters.

 -states that at constant
2. If we have a gas that at 10 degrees Celsius volume, pressure and
occupies 2.4 liters, calculate the final
absolute temperature
temperature, if at the end it occupies 2.15
liters. are directly related.

V1 = 2.4 l -P = KT
T1 = 10 ° C = 283 K
V2 = 2.15 l -P1T1/P2/T2
T2 =?
Sample Problem:

The new temperature is 253 K, which is equal

to
0.370 atm
1. A gas has a pressure of 0.370x atm at
-20 ° C.
50.0 °C. What is–––––––– =
the pressure –––––
at standard
Avogadro’s
temperature? 323 K 273 K Law

-states that at constant temperature and

Solution:

Gay-Lussac’s Law pressure, the volume of a gas is directly

xrelated to the number of moles
= 0.313 atm
 -V=Kn -P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

-V1 = n1/V2 = n2 Sample Problems:

Sample Problem: 1) A sample of sulfur dioxide occupies a

volume of 652 mL at 40.° C and 720 mm Hg.
What volume will the sulfur dioxide occupy
at STP?

2) A sample of argon has a volume of 5.0

dm3 and the pressure is 0.92 atm. If the final
1) P1 = 720 mm P2 = 760 mm V1 = 652 mL
temperature is 30.° C, the final volume is 5.7
V2 = ? L, and the final pressure is 800. mm Hg, what
was the initial temperature of the argon?
Combined Gas Law  T1 = 40.° C + 273 = 313 K
 T2 = 0° C + 273 = 273 K
-the combination of2)Boyle’s,
Use Avogadro's
1. A cylinder with a movable piston contains Charles’
Law:  P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
and Gay Lussac’s
2.00 g of helium, He, at room temperature.
V1 / n1 = V2laws.
More helium was added to the cylinder and / n2  V2 = P1V1/T1 x T2/P2
the volume was adjusted so that the gas  V2 = 720 mm x 652 mL x 273 K/(313 K x 760 mm)
-states that the ratio2.00ofL the
pressure remained the same. How many / 0.500product
mol = 2.70 Lof
/x
Answer:
grams of helium were added to the cylinder if
pressure and volume x = and
the volume was changed from 2.00 L to 2.70 the absolute
0.675 mol
L? (The temperature was held constant.) = 540 mL SO2
temperature of a gas is equal
3) Compute grams ofto a
He added:
Solution:
constant
0.675 mol - 0.500 mol = 0.175 mol
1) Convert grams of He to moles: 2) P1 = 0.92 atm P2 = 800. mm V1 = 5.0 dm3, V2 = 5.7 L, T2 =
0.175 mol x 4.00 g/mol
30.° C + 273 = 303 K
2.00 g / 4.00 g/mol = 0.500 mol
Answer = 0.7 grams of He added
T1 = ?

 P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2 T1 = P1V1/P2 x T2/V2 T1

 1.) P = 1.00 x 10-6 mm Hg T = 0.0° C + 273 =
273 K

V = 985 mL R = 0.0821 -the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal

L·atm/mol·K
gas
 PV = nRT n = PV/RT
 n = 1.00 x 10-6 mm x 1 atm/760 mm x 985 mL x -a good approximation of the behavior of
1 L/103 mL/ (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K x 273 K) = many gases under many conditions
5.78 x 10-11 moles N2
 nmolecules = 5.78 x 10-11 moles N2 x 6.02 x 1023 -a combination of Boyle’s, Charles’, Gay-
N2 molecules/1 mol N2
Lussac’s, and Avogadro’s laws
Answer:
-PV = nRT
= 3.48 x 1013 N2 molecules
Sample Problems:

1) How many molecules are there in 985 mL of

nitrogen at 0.0° C and 1.00 x 10-6 mm Hg?

Ideal Gas Law 2) Calculate the mass of 15.0 L of NH3 at 27° C and
900. mm Hg.
2) P = 900. mm Hg T = 27° C + 273 = 300 K

V = 15.0 L R = 0.0821 L·atm/mol·K

 PV = nRT n = PV/RT
 n = 900. mm x 1 atm/760 mm x 15.0 L/(0.0821
L·atm/mol·K x 300 K)
 n = 0.721 moles NH3 x 17.04 g NH3/1 mol NH3

Answer:

= 12.3 g NH3