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Prasad N. Kulkarni
FLUID DYNAMICS
Fluid dynamics is the science of fluid motion.
Fluid flow is commonly studied in one of three ways:
• Experimental fluid dynamics.
• Theoretical fluid dynamics.
• Numerically: computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
CFD nicely and synergistically complements the other two approaches but
will never replace either of the two.
WHAT IS CFD?
CFD is used for design & development, for research and in education.
The use of CFD has steadily increased in design; currently upto 40%.
APPLICATIONS OF CFD
• Aerospacee
• Automotive
• Biomedical
• Chemical Processing
Polymerization reactor vessel - prediction
• HVAC of flow separation and residence time
effects.
• Hydraulics Hydraulics
• Marine
• Oil & Gas
• Power Generation
• Sports
HVAC
Streamlines for workstation
ventilation
APPLICATIONS…
Marine Sports
u u u u pˆ 2 u 2 u 2 u
u v w 2 2
t x y z x x y 2
z
v v v v pˆ 2 v 2v 2v
u v w 2 2
t x y z y x y 2
z
w w w w pˆ 2 w 2 w 2 w
u v w 2
t x y z z x y 2
z 2
CFDSHIPIOWA
How Does a CFD Code Work?
Geometry MESH Par. Track
Animations
A B C
Model/App.
Finite Elem. Vel. Vectors
A. Pre-Processor
Geometry definition or computational domain
Generate mesh / grid or subdivisions
Definitions of fluid properties
Definition of physical or chemical phenomena to be modeled
Specifications of boundary and initial conditions
How Does a CFD Code Work…
B. SOLVER
This is the heart of the code
Involves applications of the discretized equation to each of the CV
Basically 3 Steps are Involved : -
• Approximation of the unknown flow variables
• Discretization – Substitution of approximation into governing flow
equations and subsequent manipulations
• Solution of Algebraic Equation For Each Node
3 Methodologies are used : Finite Difference, Finite Volume, Finite Element
Most Commercial Code use FV e.g. FLUENT, CFX, PHOENICS
For example, for general fluids motion – the PDE is called the
Navier Stokes equations
How Does a CFD Code Work …
C. Post-Processor
GAMBIT
FLUENT
Animations
A B C
PRE-Processor SOLVER POST-Processor
Wedge mesh
Computational Computational
Domain Domain
CFD can also be used for purely scientific studies, e.g. into the
fundamentals of turbulence. This is more common in academic
institutions and government research laboratories. Codes are usually
developed to specifically study a certain problem.
REFERENCES