12.

THE PRONUNCIATION Of THE ENDINGS: -S/ES and -ED

A. C¸ch ph¸t ©m ®u«i S/ES cña ®éng tõ ng«i thø ba sè Ýt, danh tõ
sè nhiÒu
 Đäc lµ /S/ nÕu sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c ©m nh /k/, /p/, /f// (-gh, -ph),/θ(-th),/t/.
Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs
/p/ maps /mæps/ stops / stops/
/t/ cats / kæts / calculates /'kælkjuleits/
/f/ laughs / lɑ:fs / laughs / la:fs /
/k/ books / buks / attacks / ə'tæks /
/θ/ lengths / leηθs /

 Đäc lµ /IZ/ sau c¸c tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /ks/ (-x), /∫/ (sh), /t∫/ (-ch), /s/ (-
ss), /dʒ/ (-ge), /ʒ/ (ze), /z/ (-se, -z)).
Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs
/s/ glasses misses
/ks/ boxes mixes
/∫/ wishes washes
/t∫/ churches matches
/ʒ/ garages massages
/dʒ/ pages stages
/z/ bruises rises
 Đäc lµ /Z/ sau c¸c tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c phô ©m cßn l¹i, vµ tÊt c¶ c¸c
nguyªn ©m.
Plural nouns 3rd – singular verbs
/b/ cubs robs
/v/ caves lives
/d/ beds reads
/g/ eggs digs
/l/ hills fills
/m/ rooms comes
/n/ pens learns
/η/ rings brings
/ou/ potatoes goes
/ei/ days plays
/e / hairs wears
*Notes:
I. Choose the word that show the –s ending is pronounced.
/s/ /z/ /iz/ /s/ /z/ /iz/
1. potatoes 8, reads
2. cooks 9. massages
3. rubs 10. laughs
4. rises 11. caves
5. length 12. plays
6. calculates 13. maps
7. rose’s 14. daniel’s

Exercise 1: Circle the word which has the underlined part pronounced as:
0./s/ chores brothers shifts
1./z/ halves dates kits
2./s/ speaks bags days
3./s/ activities parents feelings
4./z/ hours projects takes
5./z/ pets loves laughs
6./s/ photographs stays questions
7./z/ weekends basts months
8./iz/ problems shares washes
9./iz/ physics watches nights
10./iz/ jobs joins misses
Exercise 2: Choose the underlined words has pronouced differntly from the others.

1. A. neighbors B. friends C. relatives D. photographs

2. A. snacks B. follows C. titles D. writers
3. A. streets B. phones C. books D. makes
4. A. cities B. satellites C. series D. workers
5. A. develops B. takes C. laughs D. volumes
6. A. explains B. wakes C. phones D. names
7. A. phones B. streets C. books D. makes
8. A. proofs B. regions C. lifts D. rocks
9. A. involves B. believes C. suggests D. steals
10. A. serves B. blocks C. banks D. tourists
11. A. remembers B. cooks C. walls D. pyramids
12. A. miles B. words C. accidents D. names
13. A. sports B. plays C. households D. minds
14. A. makes B. views C. reads D. decides
15. A. albums B. tanks C. shops D. plants
16. A. gets B. loves C. sings D. buys
17. A. collects B.cooks C. swims D. claps
18. A. stamps B. friends C. relatives D. guitars
19. A. envelops B. tunes C. books D. guitarists
20. A. athletics B. participants C. efforts D. skills
21. A. things B. engineers C. scientists D. individuals
22. A. parks B. animals C. planets D. environments
23. A. helps B. provides C. documents D. texts
B. C¸ch ph¸t ©m ®u«i ED cña ®éng tõ cã quy t¾c.
 Đäc lµ /id/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /d/ hoÆc /t/.
need – needed decide – decided want – wanted start –
started
 Đäc lµ /t/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng ©m /k/, /p/, /f/ (-gh,-ph), /s/, /∫/ (-sh), /t∫/ (-ch),
/θ/ (-th), /ks/ (-x)
wash – washed book – booked stop – stopped watch –
watched fax – faxed....
 Đäc lµ /d/ sau tõ tËn cïng b»ng c¸c ©m cßn l¹i.
play – played plan – planned offer – offered bathe – bathed call – called
borrow – borrowed
*Notes:
* C¸c tÝnh tõ tËn cïng b»ng ED th× ®u«i ED còng ®îc ph¸t ©m nh c¸ch ph¸t ©m
cña ®éng tõ cã quy t¾c. Tuy nhiªn, mét sè tÝnh tõ cæ tËn cïng b»ng -ed, hoÆc
mét sè tr¹ng tõ tËn cïng b»ng -edly, th× -ed ®îc ph¸t ©m lµ /id/.
Adjectives:
/id/ naked : kháa th©n crooked : cong, o»n ragged : nhµu, cò
wretched : khèn khæ
rugged : gå ghÒ learned : uyªn b¸c
Adverbs:
/id/ deservedly : xøng ®¸ng supposedly: cho lµ markedly : mét c¸ch râ
rµng, ®¸ng chó ý allegedly : cho r»ng
Exercise1: Check the correct column according to how the ed- is pronounced:
Talked, missed, naked, called, occurred, wretched, invited, polluted, studied, closed,
laughed, markedly, collected, rugged, watched, rented, robbed, devervedly, looked, ended,
demanded, washed, started, needed, boiled, enjoyed, plugged, named, singed, faxed, followed,
filled, robbed, passed, finished, printed, explained, waited, wailed, exceeded, played, stayed,
showed, worked, touched.

/d/ /t/ / id /

Exercise 2: Choose the underlined words has pronouced differntly from the others.

24. A. invited B. attended C. celebrated D. displayed

25. A. removed B. washed C. hoped D. missed
26. A. knocked B. naked C. stopped D. called
27. A. looked B. laughed C. moved D. stepped
28. A. wanted B. parked C. stopped D. watched
29. A. laughed B. passed C. suggested D. placed
30. A. believed B. prepared C. involved D. liked
31. A. lifted B. lasted C. happened D. decided
32. A. practiced B. ranged C. washed D. touched
33. A. collected B. changed C. formed D. viewed
34. A. walked B. entertained C. reached D. looked
35. A. watched B. stopped C. pushed D. improved
36. A. approached B. stocked C. developed D. painted
37. A. admired B. looked C. missed D. hoped
38. A. played B. admired C. liked D. called
39. A. collected B. discarded C. watched D. wanted
40. A. placed B. practiced C. stopped D. named
41. A. hoped B. attracted C. added D. participated
42. A. equipped B. delivered C. transferred D. received
43. A. worked B. pumped C. watched D. contented
44. A. sponsored B. answered C. enjoyed D. locked
45. A. played B. traveled C. stayed D. looked
46. A. dived B. stopped C. cooked D. replaced
47. A. protected B. destroyed C. included D. needed
48. A. stationed B. belonged C. established D. studied
49. A. parked B. watched C. endangered D. stopped
50. A. studied B. raised C. played D. worked