1

1
NODAL
NODALSOLUTION
POST26
POST26
POST1
POST26 SOLUTION
NODAL SOLUTION
POST1
STEP=1
t32
t649
t123 APR
APR
APR 10
APR10
APR 2013
910
10 2013
10 2013
2013
2013
t82 =1
t1086
t162
t644
t122
STEP=1
t784
t163
t42
SUB
t649 17:26:18
17:33:02
17:34:06
17:33:22
17:33:45 APR 9 2013
STEP=1
t1086
t644
SUB
t784 =1 15:57:29
15:56:47
15:56:19
15:55:54
16:02:30
16:04:11
16:08:31
16:08:55
16:08:03
16:09:22
16:16:58
16:16:35
16:21:55
16:22:16
16:22:36
16:22:54
TIME=1
t123 15:10:00
15:12:12
SUB =1 (AVG)
TEMP
t82
t42
TIME=1
t163
TIME=1
RSYS=0
TEMP
PATH PLOT(AVG) MX
SMN =301.053
TEMP PLOT(AVG)
PATH
NOD1=142
RSYS=0
NOD1=42 1250
300.875
301.6
306.4
1200
1250
650
880
960
SMX =1200 1250
600
301.6
RSYS=0
NOD1=162
NOD2=142
NOD2=42
SMN =300.991
=301.855
UNOD2=101
SMX
HSMN =1200
=300.552 5601200
1125
1110.44
300.75
1110.1
301.4
305.6
1125
600
800
880
1125
301.4
SMX =1200
U 1000
1020.878
1020.199
300.625
301.2
304.8
1000
550
720
800
1000
520
301.2
1110.721 FINITE
875
931.316
930.298
300.5
500
640
301
720
304
875
875
480
301
1021.444
750
841.754
300.375
840.397
300.8
303.2
450
560
640
750
750
440
300.8
VALU 932.167 MN
VALU
VALU
VALU
VALU
VALU
VALU 625
750.496
752.192
300.25
300.6
302.4
400
480
560
625
625
400
300.6
MN

842.89
500
300.125
660.595
662.63
300.4
301.6
350
400
480
500
500
360
300.4 MN
375
753.613
573.068
570.694
300.2
300.8
300
320
400
375
375
MX
320
300.2
250
483.506
299.875
480.793
240
320
300
250
664.336
250
280
300
125
393.944
390.892
299.75
299.8
299.2
200
160
240
125
125
240
299.8
575.059
304.382
299.625
300.991
299.6
298.4
150
1600
80
00 MX
200
299.6
00
485.782
.8 MX 1.6
2.4
4.048
4.014
1.6 3.2
43.2
8.096
8.028
3.2 4.8
5.6
12.144
12.042
4.8 6.4
7.2
16.192
16.056
6.4 88
8.8
20.24
20.071
00 Y 1.6
1.6 2.4 3.2 4 4.8
4.8 5.6 6.4
6.4 7.2 88
.8
1.6
.8 Y
2.024
2.007 3.2
6.072
6.021
2.4 4.8
10.12
10.035
4 6.4
14.168
14.049
5.6 18.063
87.2
18.216
7.2
.8
.8 2.4
2.4 44 5.6
5.6 7.2 MN
Z X
396.505 TIME
DIST
TIME
Z X TIME
TIME

307.228
301.053 500.819 700.585 900.351 1100.12
300.991 400.936 501.443
301.855 500.771
0 700.551800.468
701.031
4.004
600.702 8.008 900.33
900.618
12.012 1100.11
1100.21
1000.2316.016 20.023
1200
400.881
401.649 Y
600.661
601.237
2.002 6.006 800.824
800.441
10.01 1000.22
1000.41
14.014 1200
18.018

Z X DIST

300.552 500.429 700.307 900.184 1100.06

400.491 600.368 800.245 1000.12 1200

ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF

ANNULAR FINS WITH DIFFERENT PROFILES
 ABSTRACT

I) INTRODUCTION

1) FINITE ELEMENT METHOD:

Engineering problems requiring solutions are mathematically described by differential

operations. These differential equations governing the physical phenomena are
sometimes non linear, involving complex geometries and material properties. Closed
form or exact solutions cannot be obtained in many situations which will compel us to
resort to a numerical method. A closed form solution gives solution valid at all points
throughout the computational domain but a numerical method gives an approximate
value of the desired variable which is a valid only at discrete points. A numerical method
has been important due to the reasons that an experiment could not be conducted because
of the huge size of the component and in other situations closed form solutions are not
 possible. Instead of being pessimistic with no solutions, it is better to have an
approximate solution within acceptable accuracy. The accuracy required has to be
specified and one should have physical insight into the phenomena for checking whether
the solution obtained is realistic. Finite element method is a popular computer aided
numerical method based on the discretisation of the domain, structure or
continuum into number of elements and obtaining the solution.

1.1) FINITE ELEMENT FORMULATION:

Steps involved for finite elemnt formulation are briefly discussed below:
1) DISCRETISATION:

It is the process of dividing the domain, structure or continuum into subregions or

subdivisions called finite elements. Element having a simple shape with which a domain
or body or structure is discretised. Nodes are defined for each element and nodes are the
locations or discrete points at which the unknown variables are to be determined. These
unknown variables are called field variables as the unknown variable may be
displacement, temperature or velocity depending on the type of problem under
consideration. Collection of elements is called mesh. Elements are connected at nodes.

2) APPROXIMATION OF FIELD VARIABLE IN AN ELEMENT:

Polynomial expressions are normally employed to define the variation of the field
variable. It is easy to differentiate and integrate the terms in polynomial expressions.

3) FORMULATION OF ELEMENT EQUATIONS:

Element equations will be derived by minimization of a functional. The functional is an

integral expression and minimization with respect to nodal variables yields the element
equations. The formulation of element equations can be accomplished by using one of the
following methods.
i) Variation formulation using calculus of variation.
 ii) Weighted residual methods out of which Galerkin’s method is extensively used.
For structural mechanics problems, the potential energy expression written in an integral
form provides the necessary functional. Minimisation of potential energy expression with
respect to nodal displacements will yield element equations which are known as
equations of equilibrium.
4) PRINCIPLE OF MINIMUM POTENTIAL ENERGY:

Among all admissible configurations of a conservative system, those that satisfy the
equations of equilibrium make the potential energy stationary with respect to small
admissible variations of displacement.

5) ASSEMBLY OF MATRICES TO FORM GLOBAL OR SYSTEM EQUATIONS:

The stiffness matrix and load vector for each element are formulated. Assembling these
matrices for all elements will give global stiffness matrix and global load vector to
formulate the global or system equations.
[K(e)]{q(e)} = {F(e)}
= ([K(e)]{q(e)} – {F(e)}) = 0
[K]{Q}= {F}

Where n is the number of elements

[K(e)] is the element stiffness matrix
[K] is the global stiffness matrix
{q(e)} is the element nodal displacement vector
{Q} is the global nodal displacement vector
{F(e)} is the element load vector
{F} is the global load vector
6) Solving the global or system equations will provide the solution for field variable i.e,
displacements for a solid or structural mechanics problem.
{Q} = [K]-1 {F}

7) Secondary quantities like strain and stress can be calculated once the nodal displacements
are known.
Even though the finite element method was originally used for structural mechanics
problems, presently it is used in many areas including electrostatic, magnetic field
problems as well as problems encounterd in Biomedical engineering.
Since finite element method has versatility to provide solutions pertaining to several
fields. Application of FEM is well known in the field of automobile, aerospace, thermal,
heat transfer and fluid flow areas.

2) ANSYS:

ANSYS is a multidisciplinary software solution used to predict how product designs will
behave in manufacturing and real-world environments. Its integrated, modular and
extensible set of solutions addresses the needs of organizations in a wide range of
industries. ANSYS solutions qualify risk, enabling organizations to know if their designs
are acceptable or unacceptable - not just that they will function as designed. The ANSYS
program is capable of simulating problems in a wide range of engineering disciplines. We
are dealing with thermal analysis in our project.
Thermal analysis addresses several different thermal problems for example:
Primary heat transfer: Steady state or transient conduction, convection and radiation.
Phase change: Melting or freezing.
Thermochemical analysis: Thermal analysis results are employed to compute
displacement, stress and strain fields due to differential thermal expansion.

2.1) MESH DENSITY:

In general, a large number of elements provide a better approximation of the

solution. However, in some cases, an excessive number of elements may
increase the round-off error. Therefore, it is important that the mesh is
adequately fine or coarse in the appropriate regions. How fine or coarse the
mesh should be in such regions is another important question. Unfortu-
nately, definitive answers to the questions about mesh refinement are not
available since it is completely dependent on the specific physical system
considered. However, there are some techniques that might be helpful in
answering these questions:

Adaptive Meshing:

The generated mesh is required to meet acceptable energy error estimate criteria. The user
provides the ''acceptable" error level information. This type of meshing is available only
for linear static structural analysis and steady-state thermal analysis.

Mesh Refinement Test Within AN SYS:

An analysis with an initial mesh is performed first and then reanalyzed by using twice as
many elements. The two solutions are compared. If the results are close to
each other, the initial mesh configuration is considered to be adequate.
If there are substantial differences between the two, the analysis should
continue with a more-refined mesh and a subsequent comparison until
convergence is established.

Submodeling:

If the mesh refinement test yields nearly identical results for most regions and substantial
differences in only a portion of the model, the built-in "submodeling" feature of ANSY
should be employed for localized mesh refinement.
2.2) ANSYS ANALYSIS APPROACH:

There are three main steps in a typical ANSYS analysis:

1) Model generation:
• Simplifications, idealizations.
• Define materials/material properties.
• Generate finite element model (mesh).

2) Solution:
•Specify boundary conditions
•Obtain solution
3) Review results:
• Plot/list results.
• Check for validity.

Each of these steps corresponds to a specific processor or processors within

the Processor Level in ANSYS. In particular, model generation is done in
the Preprocessor and application of loads and the solution is performed in
the Solution Processor, Finally, the results are viewed in the General
Postprocessor and Time History Postprocessor for steady-state (static) and
transient (time-dependent) problems, respectively. There are several other
processors within the ANSYS program. These mostly concern optimization-
and probabilistic-type problems. The most commonly used processors are
described in the following subsections.

ANSYS PREPROCESSOR:

Model generation is conducted in this processor, which involves material

definition, creation of a solid model, and, finally, meshing. Important tasks
within this processor are:
• Specify element type.
• Define real constants (if required by the element type).
• Define material properties,
• Create the model geometry.
• Generate the mesh.
Although the boundary conditions can also be specified in this processor, it
is usually done in the Solution Processor,

ANSYS SOLUTION PREPROCESSOR:

This processor is used for obtaining the solution for the finite element model
that is generated within the Preprocessor, Important tasks within this
processor are:
• Define analysis type and analysis options,
• Specify boundary conditions.
• Obtain solution.

ANSYS GENERAL POSTPROCESSOR:

In this processor, the results at a specific time (if the analysis type is
transient) over the entire or a portion of the model are reviewed. This
includes the plotting of contours, vector displays, deformed shapes, and
listings of the results in tabular format.
 3) HEAT TRANSFER:

Heat transfer is energy in transit due to temperature difference . Whenever there exists a
temperature difference in a medium or between media, heat transfer must occur. The
basic requirement for heat transfer is the presence of temperature difference . There can
be no net heat transfer between two mediums that are at the same temperature. The
temperature difference is the driving force for heat transfer, just as the voltage difference
is the driving force for electric current flow and pressure difference is the driving force
for fluid flow. The rate of heat transfer in a certain direction depends on the magnitude of
the temperature gradient (the temperature difference per unit length or the rate of change
of temperature) in that direction. The larger the temperature gradient, the higher the rate
of heat transfer.
3.1) CONDUCTION:
It is a process of heat transfer from one particle of the body to another in the direction of
fall of temperature. The particles themselves remain in fixed position relative to each
other.
The governing rate equation for conduction is given by Fourier's Law. For one
dimension, Fourier's law is expressed as:

Q= - k A
Where
Q = amount of heat flow through the body in a unit time.
A = surface area of heat flow. It is taken at right angles to the direction of flow.
dT = Temperature difference on the two faces of the body.
dX = Thickness of the body through which the heat flows. It is taken along the direction
of heat flow.
K = Constant of proportionality known as thermal conductivity of the body.
3.2) CONVECTION:
 It is a process of heat transfer from one particle of body to another by convection current.
In this case the particles of the body move relative to each other In general, Convection
is of two types, Forced Convection and Free Convection. Forced Convection occurs when
a fluid is forced to flow. For example, a fan blowing air over a heat exchanger is an
example of Forced Convection. In Free Convection, the bulk fluid motion is due to
buoyancy effects. For example, a vertical heated plate surrounded by quiescent air causes
the air surrounding it to be heated. Because hot air has a lower density than cold air, the
hot air rises. The void is filled by cold air and the cycle continues.
The governing rate equation for Convection is given by Newton's Law of Cooling:

Q = hA(Ts - T∞)
where
h is the heat transfer coefficient,
Ts is the surface temperature of the solid,
A is the area
T∞ is the temperature of the fluid far from the surface.

3.3) RADIATION:
It is phenomena in which,the transfer of heat between two objects without contact
between them. Radiation is the transfer of thermal energy between two objects through
electro-magnetic waves. Unlike conduction and convection, radiation does not require a
medium. In general, gasses do not take part in radiation heat transfer.A basic fact of
radiation is that the heat of radiation is proportional to the fourth power of the temperature
of the radiating source. The heat loss is related to the emissivity ε of the material by the
equation:

Q = A σ T4
An idealized material called a black body has an emissivity of 1. A is the surface area of
the radiating object and sigma , σ, is known as the Stefan-Boltzmann constant whose
value is 5.67X 10-8 w/ m2 K4
4) FINS:
A fin is a surface that extends from an object to increase the rate of heat transfer to or
from the environment by increasing convection. The amount of conduction, convection,
or radiation of an object determines the amount of heat it transfers. Increasing the
temperature difference between the object and the environment, increasing the convection
heat transfer coefficient, or increasing the surface area of the object increases the heat
transfer. Sometimes it is not economical or it is not feasible to change the first two
options. Adding a fin to an object, however, increases the surface area and can sometimes
be an economical solution to heat transfer problems.
To create a simplified equation for the heat transfer of a fin, many assumptions need to be
made:
1. Steady state
2. Constant material properties (independent of temperature)
3. No internal heat generation
4. One-dimensional conduction
 5. Uniform cross-sectional area
6. Uniform convection across the surface area
With these assumptions, the conservation of energy can be used to create an energy balance
for a differential cross section of the fin

qx = qx + dX + dqconv
Fourier’s law states that

qx = -kAc
where Ac is the cross-sectional area of the differential element. Therefore the conduction rate
at x+dx can be expressed as

qx+dx = qx + dx
Hence, it can also be expressed as

qx+dx = -kAc - k dx
Since the equation for heat flux is

qꞌꞌ =h ( TS - T∞ )

then dq conv is equal to

h * dAS ( T - T∞ )
where AS is the surface area of the differential element. By substitution it is found that

=- + ( T - T∞ )
This is the general equation for convection from extended surfaces. Applying certain
boundary conditions will allow this equation to simplify.

4.1) FIN PERFORMANCE:

The various important parameters in the analysis of fins are
1. Heat transfer coefficient
2. Length of the fin
3. Cross sectional area of the fin
4. Thermal conductivity of fin
5. Efficiency and Effectiveness of fin.

Heat transfer coefficient:

The coefficient of convective heat transfer ‘h’ may be defines as the amount of heat
transmitted for a unit temperature difference between the fluid unit area of surface in unit
time.
The value of ‘h’ depends on the following factors:
1. Thermodynamic properties
2. Nature of fluid flow
3. Geometry of the surface
4. Prevailing thermal conditions

Length of fin:

The length of fin from the heated surface has a great importance on its effectiveness. As
the length of fin increases the temperature indicated for a convective heat flow goes on
decreasing. Therefore after a certain length the effectiveness drastically reduces, in
addition length is uneconomical and often objectionable. This also makes the end heat
losses negligible for along fin hence short fins are used.

Cross sectional area of fin:

For a constant cross sectional area fin, the heat flux decreases towards the end of the fin
and so that all cross sections of the fin are not properly utilized. End cross sections are
 poorly utilized compared with cross section at base. Usually parabolic or elliptical profile
fins are preferred where as triangular fin gives maximum heat flow per unit weight with
ease of manufacturing.

Thermal conductivity of fins:

Thermal conductivity of solids is by the two modes, lattice vibrations and transport by
free electrons. The thermal conductivity of solid increases as the square root of absolute
temperature of the solid.

Efficiency and Effectiveness of the fin:

Fin efficiency: The efficiency of a fin is defined as the ratio of the actual heat transferred
by the fin to the maximum heat transferable by fin,if entire area were at base temperature.

ɳfin =
ɳfin =

Fin Effectiveness: Effectiveness of fin is the ratio of the fin heat transfer rate to the heat
transfer rate that would exist without a fin.

ɛfin =
4.2) APPLICATIONS OF FINS:
The use of extended surfaces is of practical importance for numerous applications. The
following are the various applications of fin materials.
Air-cooled engine cylinder heads

In case of air-cooled engines for an effective cooling the surface area of the cylinder
metal, which is in contact with the air, should be increased. Using fins over the cylinder
barrels does this. Either these fins are cast as integral part of the cylinder or separate fins
are inserted over the cylinder barrel.
Economizers for steam power plants

The purpose of the economizer is to extract the waste heat of the flue gases to preheat the
water before it is fed into the boiler.
Using these fins, it will increase the effective area of economizer pipe through which feed
water goes into the boiler. By increasing the defective area, more amounts of flue gases
will be exposed to the pipes and more amount of heat is extracted from flue gases. This
unit improves the overall efficiency of boiler by reducing fuel consumption.

Radiators of automobiles

The function of radiator is to ensure close contact of the hot water coming out of the
engine with the surrounding fluid to ensure high rates of heat transfer from the water to
sir thereby increasing the life of the engine. Using extended surfaces more amount of
surrounding fluid will be exposed to the radiator tubes thereby increasing the heat
transfer rate.

Small capacity compressors

The cooling of compressor is to decrease the work done thereby increasing the efficiency
of power plant. By using the extended surfaces, more amount of heat will be dissipated to
surroundings thereby increasing the life and efficiency of plant.

Transformers

The heat that is generated in the transformer must be dissipated to the surroundings
otherwise the insulating material, which is provided surroundings the wire is melted and
short circuit may occur that will cause the failure of transformer. So using extended
surfaces the heat is generated is dissipated to the surroundings effectively thereby
increasing the life of the transformer.

The fins are used in the following applications by the addition of the same materials to
the systems.
1. In the cooling coils and condenser coils and condenser coils which are used in
refrigerators and air conditioners.
2. In the convectors, which are used for steam and hot water heating systems.
3. In the electric motor blades.

II) PROCEDURE
We have taken four cases into consideration that is rectangular fin, triangular fin,
trapezoidal fin and cylindrical fin keeping the area of all the fins constant.
First we need to create the model of the fin for which the following steps are to be
followed.
1) Preferences→ Thermal→ok
2) Preprocessor→ Element type→ Add/Edit/Delete→ Add→ Solid 8node77→ ok
3) Preferences→ Material properties→ Thermal→ Conductivity→ Isotropic→ Enter
conductivity value

4) Preferences→ Create→ Keypoints→ In active CS.

 5) Then join the nodes and select the area to be meshed.
6) After meshing apply the loads.
7) Solve the problem by selecting current LS option from the Solution.
8) General Postprocessor→ Plot results.

III) RESULTS AND GRAPHS

1) RECTANGULAR FIN:
1
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP=1 APR 9 2013
SUB =1 15:10:00
TIME=1
TEMP (AVG)
RSYS=0
SMN =300.552
SMX =1200

MX

MN

Y
Z X

300.552 500.429 700.307 900.184 1100.06

400.491 600.368 800.245 1000.12 1200

FIGURE1: Nodal solution of temperature distribution of rectangular fin

1
POST1
STEP=1 APR 9 2013
SUB =1 15:12:12
TIME=1
PATH PLOT
NOD1=162
NOD2=101 1200
U
1110.721

1021.444

932.167

842.89

753.613

664.336

575.059

485.782

396.505

307.228
0 4.004 8.008 12.012 16.016 20.023
2.002 6.006 10.01 14.014 18.018
DIST

FIGURE1.1: Graph showing temperature distribution along centerline of rectangular fin

1
POST26
t82 APR 10 2013
15:57:29

300.875

300.75

300.625

300.5

300.375

VALU 300.25

300.125

300

299.875

299.75

299.625
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2 8.8
1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
TIME

1
POST26
t1086 APR 10 2013
15:56:47

650

600

550

500

450

VALU 400

350

300

250

200

150
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2 8.8
1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
TIME
 1
POST26
t162 APR 10 2013
15:56:19

1250

1125

1000

875

750

VALU 625

500

375

250

125

0
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2 8.8
1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
TIME

1
POST26
t162 APR 10 2013
t1086 15:55:54
t82

1250

1125

1000

875

750

VALU 625

500

375

250

125

0
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2 8.8
1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
TIME

FIGURE1.3: Graph showing transient temperature distribution along centreline of

rectangular fin

2) TRIANGULAR FIN:
 1
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP=1 APR 9 2013
SUB =1 16:02:30
TIME=1
TEMP (AVG)
RSYS=0
SMN =300.991
SMX =1200

MN

MX
Y
Z X

300.991 500.771 700.551 900.33 1100.11

400.881 600.661 800.441 1000.22 1200

FIGURE2.1: Nodal solution of temperature distribution of triangular fin

1
POST1
APR 9 2013
STEP=1
16:04:11
SUB =1
TIME=1
PATH PLOT
NOD1=142 1200
NOD2=42
U 1110.1

1020.199

930.298

840.397

750.496

660.595

570.694

480.793

390.892

300.991
0 4.048 8.096 12.144 16.192 20.24
2.024 6.072 10.12 14.168 18.216
DIST

FIGURE2.2: Graph showing temperature distribution along centerline of rectangular fin

1
POST26
t644 APR 10 2013
16:08:31

880

800

720

640

560

VALU 480

400

320

240

160

80
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME

1
POST26
t42 APR 10 2013
16:08:55

301.6

301.4

301.2

301

300.8

VALU 300.6

300.4

300.2

300

299.8

299.6
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME
 1
POST26
t122 APR 10 2013
16:08:03

1250

1125

1000

875

750

VALU 625

500

375

250

125

0
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME

1
POST26
APR 10 2013
t122
16:09:22
t644
t42

1250

1125

1000

875

750

VALU 625

500

375

250

125

0
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME

FIGURE2.3: Graphs showing transient temperature distribution along centerline of

triangular fin
3) TRAPEZOIDAL FIN:
 1
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP=1 APR 10 2013
SUB =1 16:16:58
TIME=1
TEMP (AVG)
RSYS=0
SMN =301.855
SMX =1200

MN

MX

Y
Z X

301.855 501.443 701.031 900.618 1100.21

401.649 601.237 800.824 1000.41 1200

FIGURE3.1: Nodal solution of temperature distribution of trapezoidal fin

1
POST1
APR 10 2013
STEP=1
16:16:35
SUB =1
TIME=1
PATH PLOT
NOD1=42 1200
NOD2=142
H 1110.44

1020.878

931.316

841.754

752.192

662.63

573.068

483.506

393.944

304.382
0 4.014 8.028 12.042 16.056 20.071
2.007 6.021 10.035 14.049 18.063
DIST

FIGURE3.2: Graph showing temperature distribution along centerline of trapezoidal fin

1
POST26
t42 APR 10 2013
16:21:55

1250

1125

1000

875

750

VALU 625

500

375

250

125

0
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME

1
POST26
APR 10 2013
t784
16:22:16

960

880

800

720

640

VALU 560

480

400

320

240

160
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME
 1
POST26
t163 APR 10 2013
16:22:36

306.4

305.6

304.8

304

303.2

VALU 302.4

301.6

300.8

300

299.2

298.4
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME

1
POST26
APR 10 2013
t42
16:22:54
t784
t163

1250

1125

1000

875

750

VALU 625

500

375

250

125

0
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME

FIGURE3.3: Graphs showing transient temperature distribution along centerline of

trapezoidal fin
4) CYLINDRICAL FIN:

1
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP=1 APR 10 2013
SUB =1 17:26:18
TIME=1
TEMP (AVG)
RSYS=0 MX
SMN =301.053
SMX =1200

MN

Y
Z X

301.053 500.819 700.585 900.351 1100.12

400.936 600.702 800.468 1000.23 1200

FIGURE4.1: Nodal solution for temperature distribution of cylindrical fin

1
POST26
t123 APR 10 2013
17:33:45

301.6

301.4

301.2

301

300.8

VALU 300.6

300.4

300.2

300

299.8

299.6
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME

1
POST26
t32 APR 10 2013
17:33:02

1250

1125

1000

875

750

VALU 625

500

375

250

125

0
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME
 1
POST26
t649 APR 10 2013
17:33:22

600

560

520

480

440

VALU 400

360

320

280

240

200
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME

1
POST26
t32 APR 10 2013
t649 17:34:06
t123

1250

1125

1000

875

750

VALU 625

500

375

250

125

0
0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8
.8 2.4 4 5.6 7.2
TIME

FIGURE4.4: Graphs showing transient temperature distribution along centerline of

cylindrical fin