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HISTORY OF
MADHYA PRADESH
Mahajanpadas Period
Two Janpads are from Madhya Pradesh - Chedi and Avanti; out of 16 Mahajanpadas.
Eastern part of modern Bundelkhand and nearby area comes under Chedi Mahajanpada.
Its capital was Shaktimati. At Mahabharata period its ruler was Shishupal. Chetak Jatak
contains information about the king.
Avanti Mahajanpada falls in modern day Malwa region [near Ujjain]
Vaitravati River divides it in north Avanti and south Avanti. Ujjani was capital of north Avanti
and Mahishmati [maheshwar] was capital of south Avanti.
Kushan Era
Kujul Kadphises coin was found in Vidisha district of Madhya Pradesh.
Out of 757 coins of Kushan rulers of Shahdol 44 coins belonged to Vima Kadphises.
Gupta Period
It was established by Shrigupta. Chandragupta, a dynamic ruler of Gupta Dynasty, has
spread its kingdom till parts of Madhya Pradesh adjoining Allahabad.
Samudragupta extended his empire to all parts of Madhya Pradesh and northern region of
Narmada.
Cave of Bagh [Dhar district] was discovered by Dangerfield in 1818. Cave has nine paintings
of Gupta period, out of which fourth and fifth painting is most secure.
Architecture of Gupta era:
1. Shiva temple of Bhumara [Satna district] is made of iron.
2. Vishnu temple of Pipariya [Satna district in Uchhara near Pipariya], discovered in 1886 by
K.D. Vajpayee.
3. Parvati temple of Nachna kuthar [near Ajaigarh, Panna district], is built around a circular
platform of 35 feet.
4. Vishnu temple of Tigawva [Jabalpur district]. Sanctorum diameter is around 8 feet.
5. Vishnu temple of Eran [Sagar district], is in ruins.
Rashtrakuta Dynasty
From 7th to 10th century, Rashtrakuta dynasty had two branches:
First ruled over Baitul - Amaravati region and second ruled over Manyakhat.
Dantidurg attacked Ujjain and defeated Gurjara king. He made a large part of Madhya
Pradesh his empire.
Parmara Dynasty
Upendra or Krishnaraj was founder of this dynasty. Ujjain was its capital which later shifted
to Dharanagri[Dhar]
Parmara kingdom was spread in south till Tapti River but he lost to Chandel King
Yashovarman.
First independent and strong leader was Shreeharsh Siyak – II.
Kingdom of Bhoj includes Malwa, Konkan, Khandesh, Bhilsa, Dungarpur, Banswada, Chittod
and Godavari coast area.
King Bhoj was also known as ‘Kaviraj’ as he was very intelligent. He built Saraswati temple in
Dhar. Also built Bhojpur town and a lake named Bhojsen. Bhopal [Bhojpal] was named after
King Bhoj.
Iltutmish won over Vidisha in 1223AD and looted Ujjain.
Mahakaldev was last ruler of Parmara Dynasty, who ruled Malwa in 1305AD.
Chandel Dynasty
Chandel were earlier administrators of Parihara rulers.
Nannuk was founder of Chandel royal family, he made Khajuraho as his capital.
Yashovaram [925 – 950 AD], was son of Harsh. During his rule Chandel dynasty reached its
highest peak. His kingdom was spread till Ganga and Yamuna after defeating Kalinjer. He
built Chaturbhuj temple dedicated to lord Vishnu [Kandariya Mahadev Temple] and installed
Vaikunth idol in it.
Kaurat Singh was the last ruler of this dynasty.
Jalaluddin attacked Mandu and after looting, had gone back to Delhi. In 1295AD, he came to
Gwalior for hunting and built a rest house for visitors stay.
In 1305 AD, Allauddin Khilji sent Multan’s Subedar, Ain-ul-mulk to Malwa for attack. He
killed Mahkaldev [Malwa king] and his son and captured Ujjain, Dharnagri and Chanderi.
He appointed Ain-ul-mulk Multani as Subedar of Malwa.
3. Tughlaq Dynasty [1320 – 1414 AD] and Sayyad Dynasty [1414 - 1450 AD]
Large part of MP like Vindhya Pradesh, Malwa and Bundelkhand were under Tughlaqs.
When Narsimha became Gwalior ruler, Delhi influence over MP parts get reduced.
He attacked Malwa with Muzaffar Shah [Gujarat ruler], for this he was imprisoned. After
mutiny in Malwa, Muzaffar Shah sent Hussain Shah and made Mandu his capital.
Maratha Era
Bajirao first [1720 – 1740 AD] first time attacked Malwa in 1722 AD. In 1724 and 1728 he
again attacked Malwa, and defeated Nizam in the attack on Bhopal.
Treaty of Durai, a truce was declared between Bajirao first and Nizam in 1738. According to
it, entire Malwa region and land between Narmada and Chambal was supposed to be given
to Bajirao.
There was a truce between Mughal ruler and Peshwa which was brokened by Jaisingh in July
1741 AD. Malwa region was handed over to the Peshwas, Malwa was ruled by Marathas for
the first time.
Chhatrasal [Bundelkhand administrator], in 1728 AD sought Bajirao’s help in fighting
Mohammad shah Bangas, Afghan ruler. Bajirao helped him in 1729. After victory, Chhatrasal
gifted half of Bundelkhand to Bajirao.
In third battle of Panipat [1761 AD], Marathas were defeated by Ahmedshah Abadali. After
defeat, Scindias and Holkars became independent rulers in north India.
British Rule
British defeated Peshwas, Holkars, Scindia and Bhonsles in first, second, third and fourth
battles.
In 1804 , British Governor General Lord Wellesley and Scindia signed a treaty.
On 3 June 1857 , foot soldiers and horse riding divisions revolted and set bungalows in camp
on fire.
There were armed revolts against British in Mandsaur, Mahidpur, Shivpuri, Guna, Indore,
Dhar, Mahu, Amjhera, Gwalior, etc.
On 14 June 1857, soldiers in Murar camp near Gwalior destroyed communication system
between Gwalior and Shivpuri.
King Shankarshah, Raghunathshah and Vijay Raghavgadh raised a banner of revolt in
Mahakaushal region on 18 June, 1857.
In Ramgad [Mandla district], Avanti Bai led a revolt.
On 1 July, 1857, in Indore; residency bungalow was attacked by soldiers under the
leadership of Shadat khan and Bhagirat Silawat.
On 23 July 1857, revolt spread in Amjhera, Sardarpur and Bhopawar. An armed assault was
made to Britishers in leadership of Rana Bakhtawar Singh.
Bhima ruler occupied Mandaleshwar, Sendhwa and Badwani.
Four Baghela Sardars of Bundelkhand, Ranmat Singh, Shyam Singh, Dhir Singh and Punjab
Singh raised a banner of revolt and fought for long time.
In Tripuri [near Jabalpur] conference, Subhash Chandra Bose become Congress president
after defeating Pattabhi Sittaramaya.
First conference of Congress, organized by Dadasaheb Khapde in Nagpur 1905.
Regional conference was organized by Gangadhar Chitins [1906] in Jabalpur.
Seth Govind Das and Pt Dwarika Prasad Mishra led a march at mausoleum of Rani
Durgawati, 21 kms from Jabalpur.
On 8 April 1931, Civil Disobedience agitation started in Sehore, Katni, Mandla and Damoh.
Adivasis from Seoni, Turia and Ghoda Dongri [Betul] started Van Satyagrah in 1930.
Gajasingh Korku led Van Satyagrah in Ghoda Dongri.
In 1931, six freedom fighters were martyred when police opened indiscriminate firing at a
peaceful meeting of freedom fighters at Charan Paduka [Chhattarpur village].
In 1942, Quit India Movement commenced in Vidisha and Gwalior princely states.
‘Do or Die’ agitation spread up to Hoshangabad, Gadarwara and Piparia and eventually to
entire Madhya Pradesh.
British flags ‘Union Jack’ were burnt in Jhabua and Dhar districts.
MADHYA PRADESH
(Tribes)
Maximum number of tribes in India, live in MP [46 tribes].
Tribal population [2011 Census – 15316784, 21.1% of total population of MP]
Schedule caste population is 11342320 [15.6% of total population of MP]
“Aadivasi” term – first time used by Thakkar Bappa [pioneer of Tribal Development
Program].
Tribal Sub-plan – Fifth Five Year Plan [1974 – 75]
Tribal areas in MP – 31 [under Tribal Sub-plan]
Tribal research and development institute at Jhabua
Main Tribes of MP
1. Bhil Tribe Largest Tribe of MP
SubTtribes – Bhilala, Patlia, Barela, Rathya
Location – Jhabua, Dhar, Badwani, Khargon, Burhanpur, Ratlam
and Neemuch.
Festivals – Bhagoriya, Jatara, Narvani.
MADHYA PRADESH
(Tribal Dance)
Tribe/Area – Karku
Occasion – In the month of vaishakh
Dance style – Men and women both participate. Men hold
7. Thapti Dance cotton towel [pancha] in hand and women play chatkora
with both hands while both dance
Instrument – Drum [dholak] and flute[bansuri]
Specialty – Besides thapti dance, korkus organized
dhandhal, chachari, fagati, dhadaya etc dances.
Tribe – Korku
Night of Jyeshth month Ashad
12. Atari dance
Love songs
Instrument – Dholak, Timki, Flute, Mridang
MADHYA PRADESH
(Folk Theatre)
By Muriya tribe
Traditional story of hunting
Maopata
Faces are smeared with soote, soil and
ash
By Korku Tribe
Korku perform drama around the pillar
Khamb Swang The performance is staged to celebrate
Meghnath, son of Ravan, who saved
Korkus
By Muria tribe
Hulki Dance
Boys and girls both participate in it.
By Muria tribe
Mandri dance One man dances with chitkul and no
songs are sung
By Madia tribe
Celebration of Jawa festival
Young men wear headgear with horns of
bison [Gaur]
Gaur Dance It is probably the best Adivasi dance of
the country
MADHYA PRADESH
(Folk Music Styles)
o Region – Bundelkhand
1. Alha Recital
o Time – Sawan month
o Region – Nemar
2. Kalagitura
o Sung in the form of Qawalli
o Region – Malwa
3. Sanja Songs
o Sung by unmarried young girls
o Region – Bagelkhand
4. Basavdeva Gayan
o Tribe – Harbole
o Region – Bagelkhand
5. Birha Songs o Tribe – Aahir, Teli, Gadariya
o Sung in the form of questions and answers
o Region – Malwa
6. Birthari o People of Nath sect sung it [Suraj Bhai
Khande – famous singer]
o Region – Malwa
7. Bhope Style
o Tribe – Bhope
o Mudiya tribe [death song] sung by senior
8. Gokul Patha citizens
o Region – Nemar
9. Gangaur o Sung during the month of chaitra, using
dhol and thali
o Tribe – Muriya
10. Hulki patha o Group song based on theme of king and
queen
MADHYA PRADESH
(Folk Arts: Region-wise)
MADHYA PRADESH
(Fairs and Festivals)
MAJOR FESTIVALS OF MP
FESTIVALS REGION
Bhagoriya Jhabua
Sanjha Bundelkhand
Suata Bundelkhand
Nawanna Bundelkhand
Gangaur Malwa
Harelip Malwa and
Bundelkhand
Rata trawa Mandla
Niraja Malwa
Govardhan Bundelkhand
Guripadawa Malwa, Chambal, Neemar
FAIRS OF MP
IMPORTANT MONUMENTS
OF MADHYA PRADESH
FORTS
NAME DETAILS
By – Surajsen
Period – 525 AD
1. Gwalior Fort
Key Point – Called as Gibraltar Of India
5 Gates – Alamgir Gate, Hindola Gate, Gujari
Mahal Gate, Chaturbhuj Gate, Hathi Paud Gate
By – Raja Udayvarman
Ginnorgarh fort
Location – near Bhopal
3.
Period – 13th Century
Key point – parrots are found
By – Raja Nal
Narvar fort
Location – Shivpuri
4.
Key point – important dynasty associated
[Tomars, Kachwahas, etc]
By – Allauddin Khilji
Mandsaur fort Period – 14th Century
6. Key Point – Tapeshwar Temple
By – Raja Ajaypal
Ajaygarh fort Location – near Panna
8. Key point – Design carved on stones, palace of
Raja Amal
By – Mohammed Tughlak
10. Dhar fort Period – 1344 AD
Key point – Kharbuja Mahal
By – Kirtipal
Chanderi fort Period – 11th Century
11.
Key Point – Jauhar kund, Hawa mahal, Khooni
darwaj
By – Raja Rajvasanthi
Period – 16th century
12. Raisen fort
Key point – Badal Mahal, Itradar Mahal.
PALACES
Jay Vilas Mahal [Gwalior] – Residence of Jivaji Rao Scindia.
Rohit Mahal – Raja Vasanti built this palace at Raisen fort
Badal Mahal – Raja Vasanti built this palace at Raisen fort.
Kharbuja Mahal – it is in Dhar fort
Baghelin Mahal – Baghela’s constructed it in Mandla.
Gujari Mahal – Raja Man Singh Tomar built this palace in Gwalior fort in memory of his
queen Rani Durgawati.
Moti Mahal [Gwalior] – palace of King Jivaji of Gwalior Moti Mahal – Gond King
Hridayshah built this palace in dense forests of Ramnagar.
Aman Mahal – King Ajaypal built this palace in Ajaygarh Fort [Panna].
Dai Mahal – this palace in Mandu [Dhar] is famous for artwork there
Hawa Mahal – Pratihar king Kirtipal built this palace in Chanderi fort.
Naukhanda Mahal – Pratihar king Kirtipal built this palace in Chanderi fort.
Jahangir Mahal – Veer Sing Deo Bundela built this palace in Orchha fort.
Rani Rupmati Mahal – Bajbahadur built this palace near Rewa Kund in Mandu for his
beloved Rani Rupmati. This palace symbolizes queen Rupmati’s love for architecture.
Rajmandir Mahal – this palace was built by Raja Vir Singh Deo Bahadur.
Madan Mahal – Gond king Madanshah built this palace near Jabalpur.
Asharfi Mahal – this palace in Mandu leaves tourists spellbound.
CAVES
Bhimbetka Caves [Abdullagnj] Raisen
Shankaracharya Caves [Omkareshwar, Khandwa]
Bharatruhari Caves – Ujjain
Bilaua Caves – Gwailor
Mara Caves – Singrauli
Bagh Caves - Dhar
Bhrugenranath Caves – Raisen
Saromaro Caves – Sehore
Udaygiri Caves [Vidisha]
Pandava Caves [Panchmari] Hoshangabad
Adamgarh Caves – Hoshangabad
Kabara Caves – Rajgarh
TOMBS
MAUSOLEUMS
Mausoleum of Peshva Bajirao – Rawerakhedi [Khargoan]
Mausoleum of Baiju bawra – Chanderi
Mausoleum of Girdhari bai – Mandla
Mausoleum of Jhalkari Bai – Gwalior
Mausoleum of Kana Baba –Hoshangabad
Mausoleum of Malayendra Pir – Ujjain
Mausoleum of Maharani Sankya Raje Scindia – Shivpuri
Mausoleum of Madhavrao Scindia – Shivpuri
Mausoleum of Tatya Tope – Shivpuri
Mausoleum of Rani Durgawati – Jabalpur [Badelagram]
Mausoleum of Laxmibai – Gwalior
Additional places
Important Museums
District Archaeological Museum, Dhar – 1902
State Museum, Bhopal – 2 Nov 2005
Gujari Palace Museum, Gwalior – 1922
Central Museum, Indore – 1929
District Architectural Museum, Vidisha -1940
Maharaja Chhatrasal Museum Dhubela [Chhatarpur] – 1955
Queen Durgavati Museum, Jabalpur – 1976
District Archaeological Museum, Rajgadh – 1976
Tulsi Museum, Ramvan [Satna] – 1978
District Archaeological Museum, Rajgadh – 1976
District Archaeological Museum, Mandla – 1979
District Archaeological Museum, Shahdol – 1984
District Archaeological Museum, Hoshangabad – 1984
District Archaeological Museum, Panna – 1988
District Archaeological Museum, Dewas – 1988
District Archaeological Museum, Rawa – 1988
Jahangir Mangal Museum, Orchha [Tikamgarh] – 1990
LITERATURE
OF MADHYA PRADESH
The literature of MP can be briefly divided into 3 eras – Ancient, Medieval and Modern Era
Banabhatta
Ancient Era Harshcharitra
Chandrika Shatak
Kadambari
Mukut Tadit
Bhartruhari
Ancient Era Nitishatak
Shringar Shatak
Vairagya Shatak
Bhavbhuti
Ancient Era
Mahaveer Charitra
Uttar Ramcharit [1st Tragedy
Drama In Sanskrit]
Malati Madhav
Dandi
Ancient Era
Bharavi Dashkumar
Website: mppscadda.com Telegram: t.me/mppscadda WhatsApp: 7982862964
MP HISTORY, ART & CULTURE
Jagat Vinod
Alijah Prakash
Pratap Virudhavali
Medieval Era Padmakar Himmat Bahadur Virudhavali
Isuri Ki Fah
Medieval Era Krishnand Gupta
Medieval Era Bihari Bihari satsai
Paheli
Kamal Ke Phool
Andheri Kavitae
Parikrama
Modern Era
Fir Kisi Bahane
Sharad Joshi - Ujjain
Rah Kinare Beth
Jeep Pe Sawar Llliyan
Andhon Ka Hathi
Tilism
Andhon Ka Hathi
Folk Poets of MP
Name Work Additional Information
Srajanpeeth in MP
No Person Place Established/Proposed
Rani Durgawati
3 Shubra Kumara Chauhan Established
University, Jabalpur
Srajanpeeth
Barktullah University,
4 Established
Bhopal
Nirala Srajanpeeth
Mahatma Gandhi
Nanaji Deshmukh Srajanpeeth
5 Gramodaya Established
University, Chitrakut
MADHYA PRADESH
(Famous Musicians and Painters)
Famous Musicians
NAME DETAILS
Tansen [1506 -1589] He was famous for Megh Malhar, Rag Dhrupad,
Rag Deepak
His music teacher was Swami Haridas
His original name was Ramtanu Pandey
He invented Rabab and Venna instruments.
His works include Miyan ki malhar, Miyan ki
Sarang, Miyan ki Tody, Darbari, Kanada, etc.
His tomb is at Gwailor
He was supported by Daulat Khan,
Raja Ramchandra of Kalinjer, Mughal Emperor
Iqbal.
Ustad Aamir Khan [1913 – 1974] He was great Khayal and Tarana singer
He belongs to Indore Gharana
He also went to foreign counties like USA,U.K
His father was famous Sarangi and Veena player –
Shahmir Khan
He also contributed to films like Baiju Bawara,
Tansen, Jhanak Jhanak Payal Baaje etc
Raja Bhaiyya Poochhwale [1882 – He had great command over Khyal, Thumri and
1956] Tappa.
He also taught music and was a teacher and
principal of Madhav Sangeet Vidhalaya
Taanmalika, Sangget Upasana, Thumri
Tarangini, Dhrupad Ghamar Gayaki were his
creations
Badeoji Lala Buva, Anandrao were his
prominent teachers.
Famous painters
Maqbul Fida Hussain
Narayan Shridhar Bende
Vishnu Chichalkar
Dr. Manjusha Ganguli
Laxmi Shankar Rajput
Deokrishana Jayashankar Joshi
Syed Haidar Raza
Devyani Krishna
MADHYA PRADESH
(Cultural Institutions)
Cultural Institutions of MP
Ustad Allauddin Khan Sangit Samaroh / Ustad Allauddin Khan Music Festival – Maihar
Madhya Pradesh Lok Kala Samaroh / Madhya Pradesh Folk Art Festival – Bhopal
MAJOR AWARDS
OF MADHYA PRADESH
NAME FIELD DETAILS
Rashtriya Mahatama Social Work [Gandhian Given By Cultural Department Of
Gandhi Puraskar Philosophy] MP to Institutions
Prize Money -10 Lakhs
First Award – Kasturba Gandhi
Trust, Indore
Given By MP Government
Rani Durgawati Award Creativity And
Prize Money – 2 Lakhs
Administrative Skills [Woman]
Given By MP Government
Shankar Shah And Creativity In Adivasi People
Raghuvar Shah Award Prize Money – 2 Lakhs
Given By MP Government
Social Work Prize Money – 2 Lakhs
Nanaji Deshmukh Award
Winner – Suyash Charitable Trust,
Pune
Given By MP Government
Kavi Pradeep Award [2015] Song Writing Prize Money –2 Lakhs
Winner – Gopaldas Neeraj
16 state level awards are also presented by MP Sahitya Parishad in multiple fields for promotion of
literature.