Applied Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer (Applications)

Part Three Building

Radiation Heat Transfer
Dr. Ahmad RAMAZANI S.A. Dryer
Associate Professor
Sharif University of Technology Dryer

‫اﻧﺘﻘﺎل ﺣﺮارت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﯼ‬

‫اﺣﻤﺪ رﻣﻀﺎﻧﯽ ﺳﻌﺎدت ﺁﺑﺎدﯼ‬

Autumn, 1385 (2006)

Combustion Chamber

Radiation Heat Transfer (Applications) Radiation Heat Transfer (Applications)

• Aerospatiale and aeronautic

 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat exchange between nonblackbodies Radiation network for an absorbing and
Irradiation transmitting medium
Radiosity Radiation exchange with specular surfaces
Isolated surface Radiation exchange with
Infinite parallel surfaces
transmitting,
Convex object in a large enclosure
reflecting, and
Apparent emissivity of a cavity
Radiation shields absorbing media
Gas radiation Apparent emissivity of cavity with
Beer law transparent cover

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Formulation for numerical solution
Parallel plates
Constant heat flux and surrounding shields
Combined convection and radiation
Solar radiation Light speed =

Greenhouse effect
Radiation properties of the environment
Insolation
Langley (a meterological unit)
Albedo
Effect of radiation on temperature measurement
Radiation heat-transfer coefficient
 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Electromagnetic Spectrum

Radiation Heat Transfer (Kirchhoff’s law) Radiation Heat Transfer

Incident radiation Reflection

P=Transmissivity
α=absorpitivity or emissivty
τ= reflactivity

Embedded sample by a blackbody at equilibrium

emitted energy = absorbed energy
dividing
two relations

Absorptivi ty = emissive power of a body at a given Tem.

emissive power of a black body at the same Tem.
=ε = E
E
qi=radiant flux arriving at surface of enclosure b
E= emissive power
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Black Body Emissive Power as Function of Wavelength and Temperature

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

The Fraction of

The fraction of energy

radiated between 0 =
and lambda

Dividing both side by T5

 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer: Greenhouse Effect

Radiant energy emitted between=

lambda1 and 2

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor)

Total Incident radiation

between0.2 and 3.5 All radiated energy from A1 arrives at A2 (F12=1) but only a fraction (F21)
Micrometer of radiated from A2 arrive at A1

Fraction of Incident radiation Transmitted

between0.2 and 3.5 Micrometer
A2

Q12=Q21=F21A2Eb2

Radiation Heat Transfer

Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor) (Emission Radiation and The solid angle )
F12 = Fraction of energy leaving surface 1 which reaches surface 2

Definition of Plane angle

Eb1A1F12= the energy leaving surface 1 and arriving at surface 2

Emission of Radiation from differential surface dA1 into a

solid angle dω subtended by dAn at point on dA1 Definition of solid angle

Projection of dA1 normal to the direction of radiation

Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor) Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor)
..

Ib=Intensity= The radiation emitted per unit area and per unit of solid angle in a
certain specified direction

Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor Con.) Radiation Heat Transfer

I b dA1 cos Φ 1dω =

So that energy leaving sourface dA 1 which arrives at dA 2 is :
dq 1 − 2 = I b (cos φ 1 dA 1 )( d ω ) = ( E b / Π )(cos φ 1 dA 1 )( dA n / r 2 ) =
E b 1 cos φ 1 cos φ 2 dA 1 dA 2 / Π r 2 )

I b = Eb / Π
 Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape factor Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape factor
for a small area element and a disk) for a small area and a disk)
Considering the radiation from the small area of dA1 to the flat
disk A2, as shown in Fig. 8-
8-11.
The element of area dA2 is chosen as circular ring of Thus
=2πxdx
dA2=2π

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor Con.) Radiation Heat Transfer (Shape Factor
Example)

500 oC

0.5 m
1000 oC
0.5 m

0.5 m
1m

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

For bodies that cannot see themselves

For concave curved surface

which can see themselves
 Radiation Heat Transfer (Absorbed energy by a
Radiation Heat Transfer for Real Surface real surface) Example
(Real surface Behavior)

ε =α
λ λ

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Heat exchange between non-blackbodies
 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (con.) Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.)

q
Ar
q=
Ar

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.) Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.)
 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.) Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.)

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Heat exchange between non-blackbodies (Con.) Infinite parallel surfaces
 Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer
Infinite concentric cylinder

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

 Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer (Radiation Shields)
Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation Heat Transfer (Radiation Shields)
If n shields with same emissivity have been used, then 2n +2 surface
resistance (each of them equal to (1-epsilon)/epsilon) and n+1 space
resistances (all of them equal to unity because shape factor is 1)
would be exist in system.
Radiation Heat Transfer (Radiation Shield Application) Radiation Heat Transfer:
Gas Radiation
Consider that radiation with intensity of Iλ impinges on the gas layer of
thickness dx the decrease in intensity resulting from absorption in
layers is assumed to be proportional to thickness of the layer and the
intensity of radiation at the point. Thus.

8-48

Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer

(Gas Radiation for Water and Carbon dioxide)

Method of Hottel and Egbert (or Mean Beam length) for

Monochromic Transmissivity calculation of Gas Emittances for carbon dioxide and water:

9Real calculations for gas absorptivity and Emissivity could

be difficult so
9Hottel and Egbert using different sources and presented
Figs. 8.34 and 8.35 for calculation of gas emittances for
carbon dioxide and water vapor.

In these figures
9Le is a Characteristic dimension called MEAN BEAM
Length
9Pc is partial pressure of considered gas
9For some system Le is presented in table 8-3.
Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation)

Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation)

Cc = Correction Coefficient For non pure Carbon Dioxide from figure 8-37
Cw = Correction Coefficient For non pure Water Vapor from figure 8-37
∆ε = Additional Correction from figure 8-38
Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation)
Emissivity facture Correction for pressure other than 1 atm for
Emissivity facture Correction for pressure other than 1
CO2 (Cc)
atm for H2O (Cw)

Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer

Additional Emissivity facture Correction, ∆ε, for Mixture of (Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure)
CO2 and Water Vapor
 Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with
Radiation Heat Transfer Two different temperature Black Enclosures )
(Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure Con.)

Energy balance on plate 1

Energy balance on plate 2

Radiation Heat Transfer (Gas Radiation) Radiation Heat Transfer

(Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure: Example)
(Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure Con.)
 Radiation Heat Transfer
(Gas Radiation Heat Exchange with Black Enclosure: Example Con.)
Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation heat transfer by multiple reflections

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Radiation in absorbing and transmitting media
Radiation heat transfer by multiple reflections (Con.)
 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Radiation in absorbing and transmitting media (Con.) Radiation in absorbing and transmitting media (Con.)

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Radiation in absorbing and transmitting media (Con.) Two-layer transmitting medium
 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Two-layer transmitting medium (Con.) Two-layer transmitting medium

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Two-layer transmitting medium (Con.) Two-layer transmitting medium (Con.)
 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Two-layer transmitting medium (Con.) Specular surfaces

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Specular surfaces (Con.) Specular-diffuse surfaces
 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.) Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.)

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.) Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.)
 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.) Specular-diffuse surfaces (Con.)

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

System with two specular-diffuse surfaces Transmitting, reflecting, and absorbing media
 Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer
Transmitting, reflecting, and absorbing media (Con.) Transmitting, reflecting, and absorbing media (Con.)

Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer

Infinite parallel planes separated by Apparent emissivity of cavity
TRANSMITTING SPECULAR-DIFFUSE PLANE WITH TRANSPARENT COVER
Radiation Heat Transfer
Convection

Radiation Heat Transfer

Greenhouse
Effect • Radiation network for an absorbing and transmitting medium
• Radiation exchange with specular surfaces
• Radiation exchange with
• transmitting,
• reflecting, and
• absorbing media
• Apparent emissivity of cavity with transparent cover
Radiation Heat Transfer Radiation Heat Transfer