DISORDERS DURATION/ON SYMPTOMS/MANIFESTATIONS TREATMENT

SET
IQ < 70 + social adaptive deficits
Mental Retardation Onset <18y.o Causes: 1° Fetal Alcohol Sd. 2° Down Sd. 3° Fragile X Sd. Primary Prevention:
Level IQ Functioning  Genetic counseling if family hx.
Mild 50- 85%. Self-supporting. 6° grade level. Self-esteem &  Prenatal care
70 impulse control problems.
Moderat 35- Trainable, can work w/supervision. 2° grade level.
e 49 Problems conforming to social norms. Higher risk of
AD.
Severe 20- Basic self-care habits (brush teeth, comb hair). Live
34 in group home setting.
Profound <20 Dependant 24/7. Little or no speech
 Learning achievement below expectations, given pt’s age, intelligence,
Learning Disorders Onset: elementary sensory abilities & educational experience.  Special education: maximize
school  Reading, math & written expression disorders are the MC. skills, improve weak areas.
 May be present: Perceptual motor problems. Conduct disorder.  Pt & family counseling.
Oppositional Defiant disorder. ADHD. Poor self-esteem & social
immaturity
 MR (75-80%, the lower the IQ, the higher the incidence of autism)
Autism Dx: after 2° BD  Social, communication & behavioral symptoms (bizarre mannerisms)  Behavioral techniques:
 Abnormal language: pronoun reversal (everything in 1° person) shaping.
 Avoid others. Minimal eye contact. Shrink shoulders when touched.  When pt is aggressive to self &
 Doesn’t cry when mother leaves: no separation anxiety. others, give atypical
 May be aggressive towards others. antipsychotics:
 Avoid pleasure & may injure himself to calm down (head banging on Risperidone.
Pervasive the wall)
Childhood Developmental X-linked Dominant (seen almost always in girls, boys die in utero)  Behavioral techniques: teach
D. Disorder Rett’s Sd Between ages 1 &  Loss of development: it stops! Motor/Language Regression: loss of child to communicate.
4 verbal abilities. MR. Emotional inversion.  Beta blockers for long QT Sd.
 Self-mutilating behavior. Hypotonia, dystonia, chorea, ataxia, bruxism  Pump Proton inhibitors for
 Stereotyped handwriting. reflux.
 Scoliosis, Long QT Sd, GI reflux  Antipsychotics for self-harm
behavior.
 Inattention, hyperactivity & impulsivity that interfere w/ social & Drugs Mnemonic: “Mox Mete
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Onset < 12y.o. academic function. Dextro”
Disorder (ADHD) Symptoms last > 6  Multiple settings: home, school, work (deficits in 2 or more areas)  atoMOXitine (most effective)
months  Difficulty controlling attention. Unable to sit still. Disruptive in the  METHYLphenidate (>6y.o)
classroom.  DEXTROamphetamine
 Easily distracted. Impulsive. Fidgets. Speaks out of turn. (>3y.o)
 Difficulty in relationship w/ others
Violation in 4 areas:  Healthy group identity & role
Conduct Disorder Dx < 18y.o  Aggression: towards people & animals, bullying, fighting, rape. model (big brother
(In >18y.o. is  Property destruction: vandalism, fire setting. programs)
Antisocial  Deceitfulness or theft  Structured living settings:
Personality  Rules: do not follow them change environment.
Disorder) Try to get parents involved.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder Onset: early Pattern of negativistic, hostile, and defiant behaviors toward adults: Family quality time (don’t
adolescence arguments, temper outburst, vindictiveness, deliberate annoyance punish behavior, & reward the