2010 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1
MANDATORY APPENDIX 3
DEFINITIONS
3-1 INTRODUCTION
This Appendix contains definitions of terms generally
used in this Division. Definitions relating to specific appli-
cations, such as for layered vessels, may be found in related
parts of this Division.
3-2 DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
acceptance by the Inspector: where words such as “accept-
ance by the Inspector” and /or “accepted by the Inspector”
are used in this Division, they shall be understood to mean
that the Inspector has reviewed a subject in accordance
with his duties as required by the rules of this Division
and after such review is able to sign the Certificate of
Inspection for the applicable Manufacturer’s Data Report
Form. Such words do not imply assumption by the Inspec-
tor of any of the responsibilities of the Manufacturer.
ASME Designated Organization: an entity authorized by
ASME to perform administrative functions on its behalf.
ASME Designee: an individual authorized by ASME to
perform administrative functions on its behalf as an ASME
Designee. The ASME Designee performs reviews, surveys,
audits, and examinations of organizations or persons hold-
ing or applying for accreditation or certification in accor-
dance with the ASME code or standard.
basic material specification: a description of the identi-
fying characteristics of a material (product form, ranges
of composition, mechanical properties, methods of produc-
tion, etc.) together with the sampling, testing, and examina-
tion procedures to be applied to production lots of such
material to verify acceptable conformance to the intended
characteristics.
bolt: a threaded fastener with a head on one end.
calculated test pressure: the requirements for determining
the test pressure based on calculations are outlined in
UG-99(c) for the hydrostatic test and in UG-100(b) for the
pneumatic test. The basis for calculated test pressure in
either of these paragraphs is the highest permissible internal
pressure as determined by the design formulas, for each
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element of the vessel using nominal thicknesses with corro-
sion allowances included and using the allowable stress
values given in Subpart 1 of Section II, Part D for the
temperature of the test.
certificate of compliance: a document by which the mate-
rial manufacturer or supplier certifies that the material rep-
resented has been produced and tested in accordance with
the requirements of the basic material specification shown
on the certificate. Signatures are not required to appear on
certificates of compliance. Objective evidence of compli-
ance with the requirements of the material specification
shall be maintained in the records of the material manufac-
turer or supplier.
clad vessel: a vessel made from a base material having a
corrosion resistant material either integrally bonded or
weld metal overlaid to the base of less resistant material.
design pressure: the pressure used in the design of a vessel
component together with the coincident design metal tem-
perature, for the purpose of determining the minimum per-
missible thickness or physical characteristics of the
different zones of the vessel. When applicable, static head
shall be added to the design pressure to determine the
thickness of any specific zone of the vessel (see UG-21).
design temperature: see UG-20.
efficiency of a welded joint: the efficiency of a welded
joint is expressed as a numerical (decimal) quantity and is
used in the design of a joint as a multiplier of the appro-
priate allowable stress value taken from the applicable table
in Subpart 1 of Section II, Part D (see UW-12).
full vacuum (FV): a condition where the internal absolute
pressure is 0 psi (0 kPa) and the external absolute pressure
on the vessel is 15 psi (100 kPa) (see UG-116).
joints: for the purpose of this Division, the following defi-
nitions are applicable:
(a) angle joint: a joint between two members located
in intersecting planes with an angle greater than 30 deg
but less than 90 deg.
(b) butt joint: a joint between two members located in
intersecting planes between 0 deg and 30 deg, inclusive.
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 2010 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1
(c) corner joint: a joint between two members located
in intersecting planes at approximately 90 deg.
layered vessel: a vessel having a shell and /or heads made
up of two or more separate layers.
lined vessel: a vessel having a corrosion resistant lining
attached intermittently to the vessel wall.
liquid penetrant examination (PT): a method of nonde-
structive examination that provides for the detection of
imperfections open to the surface in ferrous and nonferrous
materials that are nonporous. Typical imperfections detect-
able by this method are cracks, seams, laps, cold shuts,
and laminations.
magnetic particle examination (MT): a method of detecting
cracks and similar imperfections at or near the surface in
iron and the magnetic alloys of steel. It consists of properly
magnetizing the material and applying finely divided mag-
netic particles that form patterns indicating the imperfec-
tions.
material: any substance or product form that is covered
by an SA, SB, or SFA material specification in Section II
or any other material permitted by the Code.
material manufacturer: the organization that performs or
supervises and directly controls one or more of the opera-
tions that affect the material properties required by the
basic material specification. The material manufacturer cer-
tifies the results of one or more of the tests, examinations,
repairs, or treatments required by the basic material speci-
fication. When the specification permits certain specific
requirements to be completed later, those incomplete items
must be noted.
material supplier: the organization that supplies material
furnished and certified by a material manufacturer, but
that does not perform any operation intended to affect the
material properties required by the basic material specifi-
cation. The material supplier may perform and certify the
results of tests, examinations, repairs, and treatments not
performed by the material manufacturer.
Material Test Report: a document, or documents, on which
are recorded the results of tests, examinations, repairs, or
treatments required by the basic material specification to
be reported. Supplementary or special requirements in
addition to the requirements of the basic material specifica-
tion may also be included on the Material Test Report.
All such documents shall identify the applicable material
specification and shall be identified to the material repre-
sented. When preparing a Material Test Report, a material
manufacturer may transcribe data produced by other orga-
nizations provided he accepts responsibility for the accu-
racy and authenticity of the data and maintains a file
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containing the test report from the originator of the data.
In such instances, the material manufacturer shall identify
on the Material Test Report the source of the data and the
location of the file containing the test report from the
originator of the data. Signatures are not required to appear
on Material Test Reports. A material supplier shall not
transcribe data certified by a material manufacturer but
shall furnish a copy of that certification, supplemented as
necessary by additional documents that certify the results
of tests, examinations, repairs, or treatments required by the
basic material specification and performed by the material
supplier.
maximum allowable stress value: the maximum unit stress
permissible for any specified material that may be used in
the design formulas given in this Division (see UG-23).
maximum allowable working pressure: the maximum gage
pressure permissible at the top of a completed vessel in
its normal operating position at the designated coincident
temperature for that pressure. This pressure is the least
of the values for the internal or external pressure to be
determined by the rules of this Division for any of the
pressure boundary parts, including the static head thereon,
using nominal thicknesses exclusive of allowances for cor-
rosion and considering the effects of any combination of
loadings listed in UG-22 that are likely to occur (see
UG-98) at the designated coincident temperature [see
UG-20(a)]. It is the basis for the pressure setting of the
pressure relieving devices protecting the vessel. The design
pressure may be used in all cases in which calculations
are not made to determine the value of the maximum
allowable working pressure.
membrane stress: the component of normal stress that is
uniformly distributed and equal to the average value of
stress across the thickness of the section under consider-
ation.
normal operation: operation within the design limits for
which the vessel has been stamped. [See UG-116(a).] Any
coincident pressure and temperature during a specific oper-
ation are permissible, provided they do not constitute a
more severe condition than that assumed in the design of
the vessel.
operating or working temperature: the temperature that
will be maintained in the metal of the part of the vessel
being considered for the specified operation of the vessel
(see UG-20 and UG-23).
operating pressure: the pressure at the top of a vessel at
which it normally operates. It shall not exceed the maxi-
mum allowable working pressure, and it is usually kept at
a suitable level below the setting of the pressure relieving
devices to prevent their frequent opening (see M-9).
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 2010 SECTION VIII — DIVISION 1
porosity: gas pockets or voids in metal.
primary stress: a stress developed by the imposed loading
that is necessary to satisfy the simple laws of equilibrium
of external and internal forces and moments. Primary stress
can be either membrane or bending stress.
Primary membrane stress may be of two types: general
and local. A general primary membrane stress is one that
is so distributed in the structure that no redistribution of
load occurs as a result of yielding. A local primary mem-
brane stress is one that is produced by pressure or other
mechanical loading and that is associated with a primary
and /or discontinuity effect.
Examples of primary stress are
(a) general membrane stress in a circular cylinder or a
spherical shell due to internal pressure or to distributed
loads;
(b) bending stress in the central portion of a flat head
due to pressure.
radiographic examination (RT): a method of detecting
imperfections in materials by passing X-ray or nuclear
radiation through the material and presenting their image
on a recording medium.
safety valve set pressure: see ASME PTC 25.
spiral weld: a weld joint having a helical seam [see
UW-3(a)].
stationary pressure vessel: a pressure vessel to be installed
and operated as a fixed geographical location.
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stud: a threaded fastener without a head, with threads on
one end or both ends, or threaded full length.
thickness of vessel wall
(a) design thickness: the sum of the required thickness
and the corrosion allowance (see UG-25).
(b) required thickness: that computed by the formulas
in this Division before corrosion allowance is added (see
UG-22).
(c) nominal thickness: except as defined in UW-40(f)
and modified in UW-11(g), the nominal thickness is the
thickness selected as commercially available, and supplied
to the Manufacturer. For plate material, the nominal thick-
ness shall be, at the Manufacturer’s option, either the thick-
ness shown on the Material Test Report {or material
Certificate of Compliance [UG-93(a)(1)]} before forming,
or the measured thickness of the plate at the joint or location
under consideration.
ultrasonic examination (UT): a method for detecting imper-
fections in materials by passing ultrasonic vibrations (fre-
quencies normally 1 MHz to 5 MHz) through the material.
vessel Manufacturer: any Manufacturer who constructs an
item such as a pressure vessel, vessel component, or part
in accordance with rules of this Division and who holds
an ASME Certificate of Authorization to apply the Code
Symbol Stamp to such an item.
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