Three-Phase Xmer

• Used to transmit bulk energy

• Built from 2 methods
– Bank of single-phase Xmer
– Common magnetic structure
• Some of the connections will result in
phase-shift between Py and Sy

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 1

 Transformer
Three phase transformers
Analyses of the grounded wye / delta transformer
• Each leg has a
A B C primary and a
secondary winding.
• The voltages and
VAN VB N currents are in phase
VC N N in the windings
located on the same
Vab Vbc Vca leg.
• The primary phase-to-
line voltage generates
the secondary line-to-
line voltage. These
a b c voltages are in phase

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 2

 Transformer
Three phase transformers.
Analysis of the grounded wye/ delta transformer

IA Ia
A IAN Iac a
ICN
IBN Iba I
IC b
N
C b
Icb
B c
IB Ic

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 3

 Transformer
Three phase transformers.
Analyses of the grounded wye / delta transformer

A VA N Vca a
VC N
VC A VB N
Vab Vab
N
C Vbc b
VA B
VB C Vca Vbc
B c

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 4

 3-phase Xmer Connection
RP RP
RS RS

YS YP YS
YP

N N
BS BP BS
BP

Primary Y-connection Secondary Delta-connection

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 Star-Delta Xmer
IRP IRS
S-Secondary

P-Primary
N

IBP IBS
IYP IYS

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 Various Connections
• Y-Δ
– common in step-down
• Δ–Y
– common in step-up
• Δ-Δ
– more reliable with open-V for
maintenance
• Y - Y (rarely being used)
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 Exercise
• Sketch the various three-phase
transformer connections
• Y-Δ
• Δ-Y
• Δ-Δ
• Y-Y

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 8

 Delta-Delta Representation

IRP IRS
RP RS
S-Secondary
P-Primary
YP YS

BP BS
IBP IBS

IYP
IYS

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 Y- (4 wire)

IRP IRS RP
RS
S-Secondary

P-Primary YS
YP
N
N

BS
IBP BP
IBS

IYP
IYS

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 IRP
Y- 3-Wire IRS

S-Secondary

P-Primary
N

IBP IBS

IYP
IYS

RP
RS

YS
YP

BS
BP

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 11

 Y-Y
IRP IRS

P-Primary S-Secondary
N N
RP RS

IBP IBS
YP YS
IYP IYS

BP BS

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 VL
Y- (4 wire) Voltage V ph  Vph2 
Vph
Transformation 3 a

IRP IRS

Vph Sy VL 2  V ph2
a = N1/N2
VL Py Vph
N Vph2 VL 2 
a

VL
VL 2 
3a
IBP IBS

IYP
IYS

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 13

 Y- (4 wire) Voltage Transformation

IRP IRS

VL
V ph  Vph Sy
3 Vph2 
a VL
VL Py VL 2 
N 3a

IBP IBS

IYP
IYS

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Y- (4 wire) Current I ph  I L I ph2  aI ph
Transformation
IL
I L 2  3  I ph2

Iph Sy
a = N1/N2 I L 2  3  a  I ph
Py Iph2
N

I L2  3  a  I L

IBP IBS

IYP
IYS

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 15

 Y- (4 wire) Current Transformation

IL I L2  3  a  I L

I ph  I L Sy
a = N1/N2
Py I ph2  aI ph
N

IBP IBS

IYP
IYS

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 Y- (4 wire) Summary

IL I L2  3  a  I L

Sy
a = N1/N2
VL
VL Py VL 2 
N 3a

IBP IBS

IYP
IYS

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 Phase-shift in Xmer
VRN
Vr Vb 300 phase-shift
VRY VYN
N Vry between VRY
VBN and Vry
Vy

VBR VRY
VBN -VY

Vr Vb
-VR VRN
Vry=Vr Vry
-VB
VYN
Vy

VYB

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 Single-phase equivalent Circuit of Xmer
• The three Xmer are identical
• The source and load are balanced
• Voltage and current are phase displaced by
1200 with equal magnitude
• All are star-connected, hence all delta are
transformed to Y-connection

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 Star-Delta Xmer with Load
I1 IRS

N1
V N2 ZL ZL

IBP ZL
IBS
IYP IYS

Need to Transform to Star

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 Delta to Star Transform (Load)

ZL
ZL ZL
3
ZL
3 N ZL
3
ZL

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 Delta to Star Transform (Xmer Sy)
EL
N2 EL 3

V  V  1 V
N1 N2    
3  3  a  3 3a
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  V
Star-Delta

Xmer with Load
1 V
   
 3a  3 3a

I 3aI

V V ZL
V 3a V
3
3a
ZL
ZL

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 23

 Comparison of Transformed Circuit
I1 IRS

N1
V N2 ZL ZL

IBP ZL
IBS
IYP IYS

ZL
V
ZL
ZL

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 Convert to Single Phase Equivalent
I

ZL
V
ZL
ZL

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 Single Phase Circuit
I

ZL
V

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 Single-phase Equivalent

Zf1 Zhv Zf2

transformer
lines
load

synchronous
cable transformer impedance
generator

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 27

 Example 2.7(pg 72 PC Sen)
Three 1f 50kVA 2300/230 V 60 Hz Xmers are
connected to form a 3f 4000/230 V Xmer banks.
The equivalent impedance of each Xmer referred
to LV side is 0.012 + j0.016 W. The 3f transformer
supplies a 3f, 120kVA 230V 0.85 pf lagging load.

• Draw a schematic diagram showing the transformer

connection
• Determine the Xmer wdg currents
• Determine the Py line-voltage required
• Determine the voltage regulation

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 Transformer Arrangement
Single-phase

2300V N1 N2 230V

Only Delta
Only Star

4000V 230V

three-phase

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 Connections
RP RP
RS RS

YS YP YS
YP

N N
BS BP BS
BP

Primary Y-connection Secondary Delta-connection

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 Equivalent Impedance

0.012+ j0.016

Impedance Referred to LV Side (Secondary)

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 Solution1

IP

3ph, 120kVA 0.85 lag

Sy

Py
N

IBP IBS

IYP
IYS

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 Solution2
IP IS  3  a  IP

Sy
a = N1/N2
VP
VP Py VS 
N 3a

IBP IBS

IYP
IYS

FEB 2008 MUSTAFAR KAMAL HAMZAH (7) 33

 Solution3
IS  3  a  IP
a = N1/N2

0.012+ j0.016
VP VP
VS 
3a

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 Solution4
Given VS  230V S  120kVA

S 120 103 I2 
IS

301 .24
 173 .9 A
IS    301.24 A
3  VS 3  230 3 3

N1 VP I 2 2300 I 2 173.9
a     10  I1    17.39 A
N 2 VS I1 230 a 10

Xform from Sy to Py

Z eq1  a 2  Z eq 2  a 2  0.012  j 0.016  1.2  j1.6W

f  cos1 0.85  31.80

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 Solution5

IS  3  a  IP

1.2 + j1.6
' VP
VP V2 VS 
3a

a = N1/N2

Impedance Referred to HV Side (Primary)

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 1ph equivalent
I1  17.39  31.8 0

1.2 j1.6W

V1 V’2

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 V  2300V
2
'
Z eq1  a 2  Z eq 2  1.2  j1.6W

V1  V2'  I1  Z eq1  2300 00  17.39  31.80  1.2  j1.6

V1  2332.4

Vp  3 V1  3  2332.4  4039.8

VNL  VFL V1  V2'

VR   '
100%
VFL V2

2332.4  2300
VR  100%  1.41%
2300

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