IJSART - volume 1 Issue 6 –JUNE 2015
Comparative Study Of Interlock Paver Block
Vishal panchal1 , Lakshya Gupta2, Chetan Deshmukh3
1
Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering Department DYPCOE, Akurdi Pune, Maharashtra,India.
2
BE Student, Civil Engineering Department, DYPCOE, Akurdi Pune , Maharashtra,India
3
BE Student, Civil Engineering Department, DYPCOE, Akurdi Pune, , Maharashtra,India
Abstract- A Study is carried out on the strength of the
pavement blocks using polypropylene fibres. The various
parameters considered in this study are the compression
strength, abrasion resistance strength and also the reduction
in the curing time of the pavement block. Polypropylene fibres
have been widely used in the pavement designing, however
their use in the manufacturing of the interlocking paver blocks
has been limited. We have tried to establish a relation
between the quantity of polypropylene fibre used and its
impact on the respective strengths of the concrete paver block.
A comparative study has also been done comparing the
various parameters of the natural pavement blocks and
pavement blocks made with polypropylene fibre. An
approximate rate analysis has also been carried out in which
the rate per unit of paver block is calculated.
Keywords- strength of the pavement blocks using
polypropylene fibres
I. INTRODUCTION
Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP) has been
extensively used in a number of countries for quite some time
as a specialized problem-solving technique for providing
pavement in areas where conventional types of construction
are less durable due to many operational and environmental
constraints. ICBP technology has been introduced in India in
construction, a decade ago, for specific requirement viz.
footpaths, parking areas etc. but now being adopted
extensively in different uses where the conventional
construction of pavement using hot bituminous mix or cement
concrete technology is not feasible or desirable.
Concrete paver blocks were first introduced in Holland in the
fifties as replacement of paver bricks which had become
scarce due to the post-war building construction boom. These
blocks were rectangular in shape and had more or less the
same size as the bricks. During the past five decades, the block
shape has steadily evolved from non-interlocking to partially
interlocking to fully interlocking to multiply interlocking
shapes. Consequently, the pavements in which non-
interlocking blocks are used are designated as Concrete Block
Pavement (CBP) or non-interlocking CBP, and those in which
Page | 16
ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
partially, fully or multiply interlocking blocks are used are
designated as ICBP.
ROLE OF FIBRES IN CONCRETE
Fibre is a small piece of reinforcing material possessing
certain characteristics properties. They can be circular or flat.
The fibre is often described by convenient parameter called
“aspect ratio”. The aspect ratio of the fibre is ratio of its
length to its diameter. Typical aspect ratio ranges from 30 to
150. Although every type of fibre has been tried in cement
and concrete, not all of them can be effectively and
economically used. Each type of fibre has its own
characteristics properties and limitation.
Cracks play an important role as they change concrete
structures into permeable elements and consequently with a
high risk of corrosion. Cracks not only reduce the quality of
concrete and make structure out of service If these cracks do
not exceed a certain width, they are neither harmful to a
structure nor to its serviceability. Therefore, it is important to
reduce the crack width and this can be achieved by adding
polypropylene fibres to concrete. Thus addition of fibres in
cement concrete matrix bridges these cracks and restrains
them from further opening. In order to achieve more
deflection in the beam, additional forces and energies are
required to pull out or fracture the fibres. This process, apart
from preserving the integrity of concrete, improves the load-
carrying capacity of structural member be- yond cracking.
II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
As a part of our investigation and field surveys for our project
we came across different kinds of people as well as their
factories making interlock paver blocks. We surveyed a
number of manufacturers and dealers. They were all very
helpful and gave us a detour of their respective factories. How
they manufacture the blocks, what are the different kinds of
materials that they use their equipment’s and machines were
all shown to us.We however settled on to the most satisfactory
manufacturer according to us. The company goes by the name
of “Krushna Pavers” and they have a good experience in
making paver blocks. We were very satisfied by their product
www.ijsart.com
IJSART - volume 1 Issue 6 –JUNE 2015
and that is why we took their product as a sample prototype as
a conventional paver block for our comparative study.
CONCEPT OF MIX DESIGN
It is essential to know the relationship between the aggregate
and paste which essential ingredients of concrete. Workability
of mass is provided by the lubricating effect of paste and is
influenced by the amount and dilution of paste. The strength
of concrete is limited by strength of paste. The permeability of
concrete is governed by the quality and continuity of paste.
Since the properties of concrete of are governed to a
considerable extent by a quality of paste, it is helpful to
consider more closely the structure of the paste. The fresh
paste is a suspension not solution of cement in water.
The more dilute the paste, the grater will be the spacing
between the particles, and thus weaker will be the ultimate
paste structure. The condition being equal, for workable
mixes, the strength of concrete varies as an inverse function of
the water/cement ratio. Since the quality of water required also
depends upon the amount of paste, it is important that as little
paste as possible of water should be used and hence
importance of grading.
Two types of tests were carried on the paver blocks
 Compression test
 Abrasion test
Before carrying out the tests however certain details had to
be followed.
COMPRESSION TEST
The apparatus shall comprise of compression testing machine
which shall be equipped with two steel bearing blocks for
holding the specimen. It is desirable that the blocks have a
minimum hardness of 60 (HRC) and a minimum thickness of
25 mm. The block on top through which load is transmitted to
the specimen shall be spherically seated. The block below on
which the specimen is placed shall be rigidly fitted. When the
bearing area of the steel blocks is not sufficient to cover the
bearing area of the paver block specimen, two steel bearing
plates meeting the requirements of shall be placed between the
steel plates fitted on the machine and the specimen.
Procedure: The dimensions and plan areas of the specimens
shall be determined as described in Annex B. The blocks shall
be stored for 24 (±) 4hrs in water maintained at a temperature
of 20 (±) 5 degree C. The bearing plates of the testing machine
shall be wiped clean. The specimens are aligned with those of
the bearing plates. The load shall be applied without shock
Page | 17
ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052
and increased continuously at a rate of 15 (±)3 N/mm²/min
until no greater load can be sustained by the specimen or
delamination occurs. The maximum load applied to the
specimen shall be noted in N.
ABRASION TEST
PROCEDURE : The density of the specimen, shall be
determined nearest to 0.1 g. The weight of the specimen 1
shall be noted to nearest 0.1 g both prior to the abrasion test
and after every four cycles. In the case of two-layer
specimens, the density of specimens taken separately from the
wearing layer shall be determined. The grinding path of the
disc of the abrasion testing machine shall be evenly strewn
with 20 g of the standard abrasive powder. The specimen shall
be fixed in the holding device such that the testing surface
faces the grinding disc. The specimen shall be centrally loaded
with 294+-3 N. The grinding disc shall be run at a speed of 30
rpm. The disc shall be stopped after one cycle of 22
revolutions. The disc and contact face of the specimen shall be
cleaned of abrasive powder and debris. The specimen shall be
turned 90° in the clockwise direction and 20 g of abrasive
powder shall be evenly strewn on the testing track before
starting the next cycle. When testing wet/saturated specimens,
prior to each cycle, the track shall be wiped with a lightly
damp artificial sponge and moistened before being strewn
with the abrasive powder. From the start of the test,
arrangement shall be made for drip-wetting of the central
portion of the track, about 30 mm from the specimen (opposite
to the direction of motion of the disc), by supplying water
drops at the rate of 180 to200drops (13ml) per minute. During
this test, it should be ensured that the abrasive powder
continuously returns to the effective area of the track. The test
cycle shall be repeated 16 times, the specimen being turned
90° in the clockwise direction and spreading of 20 g of
abrasive powder on the testing track after each cycle.
www.ijsart.com
IJSART - volume 1 Issue 6 –JUNE 2015 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052

III. Experimental Investigation: SR Paver Correction Correction

 Target strength =fck+1.65S

Tab NO. block factor for factor for
le2 :
= 25+1.65 × 5 for thickness plain blocks chamfered
= 33.35 N/mm2 othe
 Water cement ratio = 0.30 r (mm) blocks
 Water content (considering maximum size of aggregate thic
1 50 0.96 1.03
20mm) = 186 litres kne
ss 2 60 1.00 1.06
 20 % reduction =197 litres
of
 Plasticizer = 71 % pav 3 80 1.12 1.18
 Total water content = 197X0.71= 140 litres er
 Area of block = 0.029266 m2 bloc 4 100 1.18 1.24
 Thickness = 0.08 m ks
bet 5 120 1.28 1.34
 Volume = 0.029266 × 0.08 = 0.00234128 m3 wee
 Cement content = 140/ 0.30 = 466.66 kg/m3 n 50 mm and 120 mm
 IS 456 specifies minimum cement content = 320 kg/m3
 Since 466.66 > 320 therefore cement content calculated is
safe
 Now assuming corrected proportion of volume of coarse
aggregate = 0.64
 Proportion of aggregate = 0.64 × 0.9 = 0.576
 Volume of fine aggregate = 1- 0.576 = 0.424

IV. Result & Discussion:

Fig 2. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF

COMPRESSION STRENGTH

Fig. 1 Correction factors for thickness of paver blocks in

calculation compressive stress

Fig3 : COMPARTIVE STUDY OF ABRASION

STRENGTH
Page | 18 www.ijsart.com
IJSART - volume 1 Issue 6 –JUNE 2015 ISSN [ONLINE]: 2395-1052

[8]IRC:SP:63-2004 “GUIDELINES FOR THE USE

V. CONCLUSION OF INTERLOCKING CONCRETE BLOCK
PAVEMENT ”.
We have successfully studied about the effect of
polypropylene fiber on the interlock paver blocks and a [9] “Fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for concrete
comparative study has also been done between conventional structures” by Kiang Hweee Tan, (National University of
blocks and polypropylene reinforced pavement blocks. We Singapore).
have reached to a conclusion that the blocks made with the
conventional fiber have a compressive strength of 29 N/mm2 [10] “Reference book for COMPOSITES TECHNOLOGY”
whereas blocks made with the polypropylene fiber have a by Stuart M Lee.
compressive strength of 37.24 N/mm2. It was also seen that
the average value for abrasion in conventional paver blocks
was 7000 mm2 whereas the abrasion value for the block made
with polypropylene fiber was 7500mm2. Thus the whole basis
on which our project was based has been achieved
successfully.

REFERENCES

[1]. Bhavin K. Kashiyani ,JayeshkumarPitroda, Dr.

Bhavnaben K. Shah, “Utilization aspect of polypropylene fibre
for making value added concrete” Volume : 2 | Issue : 2 | Feb
2013 ISSN No 2277 – 8179.

[2]. M. Tamil Selvi , Dr. T.S. Thandavamoorthy, “Studies on

the Properties of Steel and Polypropylene Fibre Reinforced
Concrete without any Admixture” International Journal of
Engineering and Innovative Technology (IJEIT) Volume 3,
Issue 1, July 2013.

[3].G. Navya , J. Venkateswara Rao , “Influences of polyester

fiber on concrete paver blocks” IOSR Journal of Mechanical
and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-
ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 11, Issue 4 Ver. VII (Jul- Aug.
2014), PP 70-75.

[4] S.A Kanalli , Ramu , Palankar , Bharath Kumar , Praveen

Kumar , Prakash S, “comparative study of polymer fibre
reinforced concrete with conventional concrete pavement”.
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and
Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

[5]. Raymond S. Rolling’s Geotechnical Laboratory U. S.

Army Engineer Waterways, “GL-83-3 on concrete block
pavements”.

[6] IS 10262:2009 “CONCRETE MIX PROPORTIONING –

GUIDELINES”

[7] IS 15658:2006 “PRECAST CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR

PAVING-SPECIFICATION”

Page | 19 www.ijsart.com