LOGIN SYSTEM

Introduction:-
A login is a set of credentials used to authenticate a user. Most often,
these consist of a username and password. However, a login may
include other information, such as a PIN number, passcode, or
passphrase. Some logins require a biometric identifier, such as a
fingerprint or retina scan.

Logins are used by websites, computer applications, and mobile apps.

They are a security measure designed to prevent unauthorized access
to confidential data. When a login fails (i.e., the username and
password combination does not match a user account), the user is
disallowed access. Many systems block users from even trying to log
in after multiple failed login attempts.
Examples of logins include:
Operating system login – Windows and Mac systems can be
configured to require a login in order to use the computer after it is
turned on or woken from sleep mode. A login may also be required to
install software or modify system files.
Website login – Webmail interfaces, financial websites, and many
other sites require a username and password in order to access
account information.
App store login – App stores like Google Play and Apple's App Store
require a login to download mobile apps, music, and other files.
FTP login – file transfer programs often require a login in order to
browse, send, and receive files from an FTP server.
Router login – Wired and wireless routers typically require an
administrator login to modify the settings.
At a basic level, logins make user accounts possible. Most systems
require unique usernames, which ensures every user's login is
different. On a more advanced level, logins provide a security layer
between unsecured and secure activity. Once a user logs in to a secure
website, for example, all data transfers are typically encrypted. This
prevents other systems from viewing or recording the data transferred
from the server.

In the case of websites that use cookies to track sessions, when the
user logs out, session-only cookies from that site will usually be
deleted from the user's computer. In addition, the server invalidates
any associations with the session, making any session-handle in the
user's cookie store useless. This feature comes in handy if the user is
using a public computer or a computer that is using a public wireless
connection.
Usage:-
Logging in is usually used to enter a specific page, which trespassers
cannot see. Once the user is logged in, the login token may be used to
track what actions the user has taken while connected to the site.
Logging out may be performed explicitly by the user taking some
actions, such as entering the appropriate command, or clicking a
website link labeled as such. It can also be done implicitly, such as by
the user powering off his or her workstation, closing a web browser
window, leaving a website, or not refreshing a webpage within a
defined period.

Logging out of a computer when leaving it is a common security

practice, preventing unauthorized users from tampering with it. There
are also people who choose to have a password-protected screensaver
set to activate after some period of inactivity, requiring the user to re-
enter his or her login credentials to unlock the screensaver and gain
access to the system. There can be different methods of logging in
that may be via image, fingerprints, eye scan, password (oral or
textual input), etc.
Requirements:-
 Basic Knowledge of Networking.
 A server (computer, laptop, SBC).
 Different server Knowledge used in this project. They
are stated below:

1. DNS server.
2. DHCP server.
3. Apache web server.
4. SSH server.
5. PHP server.
6. MYSQL server.

 Basic Knowledge of HTML and CSS and PHP.

 Knowledge about TCP/IP Protocol.
 Basic Knowledge about Server side scripting language.
 JavaScript, JQuery etc.
Installation:-
The whole login system is divided into 3 main parts. They are
as follows:
 Front End (Website Designing).
 Backhand Sever installation.

Front End:
Front End software designing deals with the following stuff.
 Markup and web languages such as HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, and ancillary libraries commonly used in
those languages such as Sass or JQuery.
 Asynchronous request handling and AJAX
 Single-page applications (with frameworks like React,
Angular JS or Vue.js).
 Web performance (first meaningful paint, time to
interactive, 60 FPS animations and interactions, memory
usage, etc.).
 Responsive web design.
 Cross-browser compatibility issues and workarounds.
 End-to-end testing with a headless browser.
 Build automation to transform and bundle JavaScript
files, reduce images size... with tools like Web pack or
Gulp.js.
 Search engine optimization.
 Accessibility concerns.
 Basic usage of image editing tools such as GIMP or
Photoshop.
Backhand:
 Scripting languages like Node.js, PHP,
Python, Ruby, or Perl or Compiled
languages like C#, Java or Go.
 Automated testing frameworks for the
language being used.
 Application Data Access.
 Application Business Logic.
 Database administration.
 Scalability.
 High availability.
 Security concerns, authentication and
authorization.
 Software Architecture.
 Data transformation.
 Backup methods and software.
 Configuration:

DNS Server:
Introduction:
A name server translates domain names into IP addresses.
This makes it possible for a user to access a website by typing
in the domain name instead of the website's actual IP address.
For example, when you type in "www.microsoft.com," the
request gets sent to Microsoft's name server which returns the
IP address of the Microsoft website.

Each domain name must have at least two name servers listed
when the domain is registered. These name servers are
commonly named ns1.servername.com and
ns2.servername.com, where "server name" is the name of the
server. The first server listed is the primary server, while the
second is used as a backup server if the first server is not
responding.

Name servers are a fundamental part of the Domain Name

System (DNS). They allow websites to use domain names
instead of IP addresses, which would be much harder to
remember.
Installation:

For Debian Family:

Run the following command in terminal:
#apt-get install bind9 bind*.

For Rpm Family:

#yum –y install bind*.

The above method requires internet as the

whole sever is downloaded from the repo.
There is another method available if u have
the required server packages u can install them
using rpm (rpm family) or dpkg (for debian
family) command.
Configuration:

 First assign STATIC IP ADDRESS to

your server.
 Now make a file under /etc/ and name it as
named.conf and write the following code
give below.
 After that save that file and close it.
 Now make two files under /var/named
and name the 2 files as db.forward.login
and db.reverse.login.
 Enter the following details inside the
db.forward.login file.
  Enter the following details inside the
db.reverse.login file.

 After editing save all the files and exit

 Now just run the command given below:
 #systemctl start named.service
 #systemctl restart named.service
The configuration of DNS server is done.
DHCP Server:
Introduction:
A DHCP Server is a network server that automatically
provides and assigns IP addresses, default gateways and other
network parameters to client devices. It relies on the standard
protocol known as Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol or
DHCP to respond to broadcast queries by clients.
A DHCP server automatically sends the required network
parameters for clients to properly communicate on the
network. Without it, the network administrator has to
manually set up every client that joins the network, which can
be cumbersome, especially in large networks. DHCP servers
usually assign each client with a unique dynamic IP address,
which changes when the client’s lease for that IP address has
expired.
Installation:

For Debian Family:

Run the following command in terminal:
#apt-get install dnsmasq*.

For Rpm Family:

#yum –y install Dhcpd*.

The above method requires internet as the

whole sever is downloaded from the repo.
There is another method available if u have
the required server packages u can install them
using rpm (rpm family) or dpkg (for debian
family) command.
Configuration:

 First assign STATIC IP ADDRESS to

your server.
 Now make a file under /etc/dhcp/ and
name it as dhcpd.conf and write the
following code give below.
  Run the following commands after saving
the above file.
 #systemctl start dhcp.
 #systemctl restart dhcp.
DHCP server configuration is done.
APACHE Web Server:
Introduction:
The Apache HTTP Server, colloquially called Apache
released under the terms of Apache Licence 2.0. Apache is
developed and maintained by an open community of
developers under the auspices of the Apache software
Foundation.
The vast majority of Apache HTTP Server instances run on a,
but current versions also run on windows and a wide variety
of unix-like systems.
Originally based on the NASC HTTPD server, development
of Apache began in early 1995 after work on the NCSA code
stalled. Apache played a key role in the initial growth of the
WWW, quickly overtaking NCSA HTTPd as the dominant
HTTP server, and has remained most popular since April
1996. In 2009, it became the first web server software to serve
more than 100 million websites As of August 2018, it was
estimated to serve 39% of all active websites and 35% of the
top million websites.
Installation:

For Debian Family:

Run the following command in terminal:
#apt-get install apache2.

For Rpm Family:

#yum –y install *http*.

The above method requires internet as the

whole sever is downloaded from the repo.
There is another method available if u have
the required server packages u can install them
using rpm (rpm family) or dpkg (for debian
family) command.
Configuration:

 First assign STATIC IP ADDRESS to

your server.
 Now make a file under /etc/httpd/conf/
and name it as httpd.conf and write the
following code give below.
 Save the file and exit.
 Now save your web pages under
/var/www/html/.
 After that run these two commands
 #systemctl start httpd.
 #systemctl restart httpd.
PHP Server Scripting:
PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for
making dynamic and interactive Web pages.
PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to
competitors such as Microsoft's ASP.

What is PHP?
 PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor"
 PHP is a widely-used, open source
scripting language
 PHP scripts are executed on the server
 PHP is free to download and use
PHP is an amazing and popular language!
It is powerful enough to be at the core of the
biggest blogging system on the web
(WordPress)!
It is deep enough to run the largest social
network (Facebook)!
It is also easy enough to be a beginner's first
server side language!
What is a PHP File?
 PHP files can contain text, HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, and PHP code
 PHP code are executed on the server, and
the result is returned to the browser as
plain HTML
 PHP files have extension ".php"

What Can PHP Do?

 PHP can generate dynamic page content
 PHP can create, open, read, write, delete,
and close files on the server
 PHP can collect form data
 PHP can send and receive cookies
 PHP can add, delete, modify data in your
database
 PHP can be used to control user-access
 PHP can encrypt data
Why PHP?
 PHP runs on various platforms (Windows,
Linux, Unix, Mac OS X, etc.)
 PHP is compatible with almost all servers
used today (Apache, IIS, etc.)
 PHP supports a wide range of databases
 PHP is free. Download it from the official
PHP resource: www.php.net
 PHP is easy to learn and runs efficiently on
the server side
Below is my site php file :