6.

1 Pumps
Pump is a device that imparts momentum and mechanical energy to the process fluid. Pumps
are used to transfer fluid from one location to other.
A pump is a device used to raise, compress, or transfer fluids. The motors that power most
pumps can be the focus of many best practices. It is common to model the operation of pumps
via pump and system curves. Pump curves offer the horsepower, head, and flow rate figures
for a specific pump at a constant rpm. System curves describe the capacity and head required
by a pump system.
Pump Types
Various types of pumps are used in the chemical industry, including centrifugal, reciprocating,
and helical rotor pumps.
Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal pumps operate by applying a centrifugal force to fluids, many times with the
assistance of impellers. These pumps are typically used in moderate to high flow applications
with low-pressure head, and are very common in chemical process industries. There are three
types of centrifugal pumps—radial, mixed, and axial flow pumps. In the radial pumps, pressure
is developed completely through a centrifugal force, while in axial pumps pressure is developed
by lift generated by the impeller. Mixed flow pumps develop flow through a centrifugal force
and the impeller.
Reciprocating Pump
Reciprocating pumps compress liquid in small chambers via pistons or diaphragms. These
pumps are typically used in low-flow and high-head applications. Piston pumps may have
single or multiple stages and are generally not suitable for transferring toxic or explosive
material. Diaphragm pumps are more commonly used for toxic or explosive materials.
Helical Rotor Pump
Helical rotor pumps use a rotor within a helical cavity to develop pressure. These pumps are
useful for submersible and waste applications.

Selection Criteria of Pumps

Many different factors can influence the final choice of the pump for a particular operation
.The following list indicates the major factors that govern the pump selection
 The amount of liquid that must be pumped out.
 The properties of the fluid.
 The increase in presence of the fluid due to work input of the pump.
  Types of the flow distributions.
 Types of the power supply.
 Cost and mechanical efficiency of the pump.

We have selected centrifugal pumps for a process because of the following outstanding
advantages:
 They are simple in operation and cheap.
 Fluid is delivered at uniform pressure without shocks or pulsation.
 They are no valves involved in pump operation.
 They operate at high speed (up to 4000 rpm) therefore they can be coupled directly to
an electric motor.
 The discharge line may be partly shut off or completely closed off without changing
the pump.
 They are much smaller than other pumps of equal capacity.
 Maintenance costs are lower than other types of pumps.

Pump (P-1)

Pump Selection
Pump type is selected from the below graph:
Capacity = 61372.4 kg/hr
= 370.02 gpm of Selexol
P(g)
Head = 𝑠𝑝.𝑔𝑟∗0.4367
Head = 39 ft

Figure : Selection of pump

Hence, the Pump Selected is Centrifugal Pump.
Pump Sizing Calculation Steps
 Locate the process equipment
 Estimate z1 and z2.
 Estimate Frictional pressure losses ED and ES
 Calculate Pump Work.
 Calculate Pump shaft horsepower & estimate its Efficiency.
 Calculate electric-motor horsepower & estimate its Efficiency.
 Select a standard electric-motor horsepower.
 Calculate NPSH
Pump Calculation
Define the inlet and outlet pressures:
The inlet pressure is = P1 = 1.2 bar
The outlet pressure is = P2 = 30 bar
Locate the process equipment:
Locate the process equipment according to the rule of thumb listed in following table…

Figure : Selection of pump head

As we need to pump the liquid in to the absorber so our process equipment is absorber which
is supported by a skirt having skirt height of about 3.5 ft or 1.069 m.
Estimation of z1 & z2:
Z1 with respect to pump = 0
Z2 = skirt height + height of column
Z2 = 1.069 + 16.5
Z2 = 17.57m
Z2 = 57.64 ft
Estimation Frictional pressure losses ED and ES

Figure : Flow system component pressure drop

So, ES & ED is equal to 0.35

Calculate the pump work:

𝒈 𝑷 𝟏 − 𝑷𝟐
𝑾= (𝒛𝟏 − 𝒛𝟐 ) + − (𝑬𝑺 − 𝑬𝑫 )
𝒈𝑪 ʃ

9.8 (1.2 ∗ 105 − 3.0 ∗ 106 ) (0.35 + 0.35) ∗ 105

𝑊= (0 − 57.64) + −
32 1009 1009
𝑁𝑚
𝑊 = −2941
𝐾𝑔
Calculate the pump shaft horsepower:
Pump efficiency is calculated as…
𝑚𝑊
𝑃=
ɳ

61372.4 ∗ 2941
𝑃=
0.7

P = 2.57*108 J/hr
P = 71625.48 J/s
P = 96.05 hp

Figure: Efficiency of Pump

Calculate Electric-Motor Horsepower & Estimate its Efficiency:
 Figure: Efficiency of Electric motor
On the basis of horsepower the selected motor is squirrel cage Induction motor having power
range of 1 to 5,000 hp.
Efficiency of motor is selected to be = 0.91
𝑃𝑃
The power of motor is calculated as = PE = 𝑃𝐸 = ɳ
96
𝑃𝐸 =
0.91
PE = 105.5 hp
Select a Standard Electric Motor Horsepower:
 Figure: Horsepower Selection
Hence the selected motor is of 125 hp.
Net Positive Suction Head NPSH:
1 𝑃𝑎 − 𝑃𝑣
𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻 = ( − ℎ𝑓𝑠 ) − 𝑍𝑎
𝑔 ʃ
Absolute pressure at the surface of reservoir = Pa = 1.2 bar = 1.2*105 Pa
Vapor pressure of Selexol = Pv = bar = 1000Pa
Friction losses in suction line = hfs = 0
Za = 0
1 1.2 ∗ 105 − 1000
𝑁𝑃𝑆𝐻 = ( − 0) − 0
9.8 1009
NPSH = 11.79 m
 Specification Sheet
Identification
Item Pump
Item No. P-1
No. Required 1
Type Centrifugal
Function
To increase pressure from 1.2 bar to 30 bar
Feed Flow Rate 61372.4 kg/hr
Inlet Pressure 1.2 bar
Outlet Pressure 30 bar
Power of pump 96.05 hp
Power of electric motor 105.5 hp
NPSH 11.8 m
1. Silla, Harry. Chemical Process Engineering Design and Economics. USA

2. Jennifer Dyment , Suphat Watanasiri. Acid Gas Cleanin using DEPG Physical Solvents