Cellular Network Generation: A Survey

Desti Mina Rahayu1, Kuncoro Triandono Mukti2, Muhammad Faris Ruriawan3

1,2,3
Computer Engineering Telkom University
St. Telekomunikasi No. 01, Terusan Buah Batu, Bandung, Jawa Barat 40257 Indonesia
1kuncoroteem@gmail.com
2destyviola@gmail.com
3muhammad.faris.ruriawan@gmail.com

Abstrak— Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas perkembangan teknologi jaringan seluler mulai dari generasi 0
hingga yang sedang dibicarakan sekarang yaitu 5G atau generasi 5. Dengan membandingkan standarisasi, teknologi,
kecepatan, teknologi pendukung tulisan ini diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan bagi masyarakat umum yang belum
terlalu memahami tebtabg perbedaan antara setiap generasi.
Kata kunci— Jaringan Selular, Generasi 4 (4G), Generasi 5(5G) dan Komparatif.

Abstract— This paper aims to discuss the development of cellular network technology from generation 0 to 5G or fifth
generation. By comparing the standardization, technology, speed and supporting technology of this paper is expected to
be a guide for the general public who have not really understood the difference between every generation.
Keywords— Cellular network, FOURTH Generation, FIFTH Generation and Comparative.

I. INTRODUCTION currently has entered an era where 4G LTE broadband

Now, it can not be avoided if the development of cellular
technology greatly affects the consumer's need for the
availability and completeness of the telecommunication
device features. In the past, just chatting and sending short
messages was enough. These days, all demands the
existence of data communications, images and video to
form multimedia communication. Multimedia
communication is a must and this is possible because of the
convergence of some services such as voice, data, images
and video [1].
The development of 2nd generation (2G) cellular
technology based on Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA) such as Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM), 2.5 generation (2.5G) based such as Global System
for Mobile Communication / general packet radio service
(GSM / GPRS) and 3G based division multiple access 2000
(CDMA 2000) and WCDMA, has created a communication
system that is not only for voice communication but also for
data, text, images and video. The successful implementation
of 2G and 2.5G mobile communications technologies
encourages the development of future cellular technologies
that have better capacity, speed and quality as well as more
efficient bandwidth width. The development of multimedia
today is increasing quite rapidly. Multimedia applications
that initially only computer network has grown to be applied
to wireless networks. If initially the computer network is
still using the cable, now is changed to wireless technology,
such as Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) is able to build a computer
network without cables even though the distance is limited
and the bit rate is low. Low speed on Wi-Fi has been
improved on Wi-Max which have a wide bandwidth with a
broad reach than with WLAN. Technology
Telecommunications experience convergence with existing
computer network, where 3G technology wireless computer
networks appear to exist [3].
4G technologies are expected to meet the needs of
wireless application access like MMS, video chat, mobile
TV, High Definition TV (HD TV), as well as the Digital
Video Broadcasting (DVB), as well as service standards of a
more clear and obvious at the same moment (real time
system). Development of cellular technology in Indonesia
network "first stage" in Indonesia have been applied in the
900 MHz frequency bands at the end of the year 2014 and
will be continued in the "second stage" at 1800 frequency
bands MHz in the first quarter of the year 2015 based on
information from the Minister of communications and
Informatics, Rudiantara. Although telecommunications
technology is evolving very rapidly, there is still a challenge
to increase the demand for the following data access speed
with reliability of service where any 4G technology can not
meet and this has stimulated the presence research on the
latest technology to meet those needs. Some countries have
started examining the possibility of the application of
technology by forming a consortium of 5G or working
project such as METIS, 5GNOW, and others which the
working project is a combination of several vendors of
telecommunications along with academics and regulators
who were trying to find technology that can meet the
requirements as a 5th generation technology [2].
II. RELATED RESEARCH
Before we start to describe about various cellular network
there are some conclusion from related research has been
done.
1. A Comparative Study on 4G and 5G Technology for
Wireless Applications [4]: Conclusion from this paper
is to address 5G applications, there are many
developments to be considered above the introductory
model. In order to handle higher data rates, the
operating frequency has to be increased to a millimeter
range from which we can achieve a wider bandwidth.
This will result in higher path loss between
transmitters and receivers, so antennas need to provide
higher gain to reach a longer distance.
2. A Comparative Study of 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G [5]: From
this paper we know first generation (1G) has fulfilled
the basic mobile voice using analog techniques, while
the second generation (2G) has introduced capacity
and coverage using digital techniques. This is followed
by the third generation (3G), which has quest for data
at higher speeds to open the gates for truly “mobile
broadband” experience, which will be further realized
 by the fourth generation (4G). 4G will provide better-
than-TV quality images and video-links. The
communications model has new developed versions of
HTML, Java, GIF, HTTP, and many more. New
standards will need to be developed for use in 4G. The
5G technologies include all type of advanced features
which makes 5G technology most powerful and in
huge demand in near future.
3. 0G to 5G Mobile Technology: A Survey [6]: This
paper studied about the different wireless technologies
and generation bands of 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G. The
paper shows how the evolution of wireless
technologies occurred and how they came into
existence. Advanced Wireless technologies have
proved to be of great boon to the telecommunication
sector in developing it. With latest research and
advances, the purpose of the user has been served
more rather than the operator making it more reliable
for the user. As a result, the user centric networks are
given more priority nowadays giving the provided
services which the user may not have experienced
before.
4. An overview on 5G technologies [7]: Conclusion from
this paper is the development of the mobile and
wireless networks is going towards higher data rates
and all IP principle. Mobile terminals are obtaining
each year more processing power, more memory on
board, and longer battery life for the same
applications. 5g include latest technologies such as
cognitive radio, SDR, nanotechnology, cloud
computing and based on All IP Platform. It is expected
that the initial Internet philosophy of keeping the
network simple as possible, and giving more
functionalities to the end nodes, will become reality in
the future generation of mobile networks, here referred
to as 5G.
5. 4G and 5G Mobile Communication Networks:
Features Analysis, Comparison and Proposed
Architecture [8]: In this survey paper discussed the
technology evolution trends seen from 1G to 4G
mobile communication. We go through the needs for
the 5G technology expected in 2020 and stated the
details gathered from several ongoing studies in this
area referring to architecture, requirements, etc. A
detailed functionality based architecture and
prospective features of the 5G technology are
mentioned. We also did comparison between 4G and
5G networks in terms of radio access technologies,
core network architecture, and prospect services. The
proposed architecture can provide internet to
everyone, anytime, anywhere at a very high network
data rate of up to 1Gbps.
6. Comparative Study of 3G and 4GLTE Network [9]: In
this paper they provide a high level overview from 1G
to 4GLTE network and some factors responsible for
migration from each network to another. We discuss
the advantages of 4GLTE network over 3G network.
The speed, in particular, the downlink and uplink,
latency and the data transmission rates were analyzed
to show the superiority of 4GLTE to 3G networks.
Based on these proved features, 4GLTE network
offers a highly competitive performance and it
provides a good platform for further evolution. The
downlink speed in 4GLTE is higher than 3G, and the
uplink data in 4GLTE is better off in 4GLTE and these
networks also have a greater data transfer rates than
3G networks.
7. Comparisons in all generations 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g ,4.5G
[10]: As mentioned in this paper, the last decade stood
witness to an astounding growth in the network
communication industry. Attempts have been made to
reduce a number of technologies to a single global
standard or The ever-increasing demands of users
triggered research and led to development of various
generations of technologies, which recently lead to a
comprehensive manifestation of upcoming 4.5G
system(LTE-Advanced). As the history of mobile
communications shows, attempts have been made to
reduce numerous technologies to a single global
standard. 1G had fulfilled the need for a basic mobile
voice, the 2G had introduced capacity and coverage,
followed by 3G, which had a quest for data at higher
speeds to open the gates for truly a mobile broadband
experience, which was further realized by the 4G.
8. Transformation of Mobile Communication Network
from 1G to 4G and 5G [11]: The wireless organization
is busy with standardization of the 4G cellular
network. This paper concentrates on innovation of
word wide wireless web (www) 5G. 5G technology is
going to be another development in mobile market .5G
technology has a great future as it can deal with best
innovation and offer pries handset to their client. As
information activity has great development potential,
under 4G existing voice driven telecom pecking orders
will be moving flat IP design where, base stations will
be specifically associated with media portals. 5G will
forward the idea of Super Core, where all the system
networks will be associated with one single center and
have one single infrastructure, paying little attention to
their get to advancements. 5G will bring assessment of
dynamic infra sharing and overseen administration,
and in the long run all current system administrators
will be MVNOs (Mobile virtual network operators).
9. A Comparative Study of Mobile Wireless
Communication Network: 1G to 5G [12]: Conclusion
is by Increasing demand of people or users encourages
the industries and the researchers to develop new
technology and the result is mobile communication
industry reaches to 5G (fifth generation). Fifth
generation communication allow users to
communicate at very high speed with higher
bandwidth and high data rate.
10. A Review on mobile technologies: 3G, 4G and 5G
[13]: This research describes a detailed review of 3G,
4G and 5G wireless standards. Wireless network
provides efficiency, scalability, and reliable services.
This paper vastly discussed the key features,
applications, and challenges of the mobile generations.
The 3G, 4G and 5G consist of every form of advanced
characteristics which makes mobile technology as
more powerful; especially 5G have a huge demand in
close to upcoming era.
III. CELLULAR NETWORK GENERATION
A. Zero Generation (0G)
Wireless telephones started with what you might call 0G.
0G refers to pre-cell phone mobile technology. Such as
radio telephones that some had in cars before the advent of
cell phones. Mobile radio telephone systems preceded
cellular mobile telephony technology. Since their arrival C-Netz Austria and German
was before the First generation of technology, these systems Mobitex Europe (Swedia) and North America
are called Zero generation of mobile technology. In 0G,
United State of America (by ARDIS)
different technologies used include PTT (push to talk), MTS DataTAC and Australia (by Telecom
(Mobile telephone system), IMTS (Improved Mobile Australia/Telstra)
telephone system), AMTS (Advanced Mobile telephone CDPD (Cellular Digital
United States of America
system), OLT (Norwegian for offending landmobil Telefoni Packet Data)
public land mobile Telephony) and MTD (Swedish
abbreviation for Mobilelefoni system D) [6]. Some C. Second Generation (2G)
technologies are classified into the zero generation, shown The second generation of telecommunication system
in table 1. move-based to digital signals. System on this generation
TABLE 1. TECHNOLOGY OF 0G still focuses upon the transmission of sound, with the excess
Push to Talk (PTT) on the facility short message services (SMS). Bandwidth
used on this generation between 20-200 kHz. In this
Mobile Telephone System (MTS)
generation, some research related value added services have
Improved Mobile Telephone System (IMTS) been started. This generation using time-based multiplexing
Advanced Mobile Telephone System (AMTS) technology, i.e. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
technology and multiplexing-based code, i.e. Code Division
B. First Generation (1G) Multiple Access (CDMA). On the second generation of this
The first generation mobile communication system was technology, Global System for Mobile Communication
introduced in the beginning of 1980 and using the analog (GSM).
transmission for speech services. In 1979, the first cellular Key features and facilities of 2G
system in the world became operational by Nippon • Enhanced Spectrum proficiency.
Telephone and Telegraph (NTT) in Tokyo, Japan. Two • Provides data rate of 64kbps.
years later, the cellular epoch reached Europe. The two most • Improved framework limit, and network coverage.
popular analogue systems were Nordic Mobile Telephones • Roaming benefits.
(NMT) and Total Access Communication Systems • Voice and data service.
(TACS)[1]. Using the frequency modulation technique for • Enhanced security.
radio transmission using frequency division multiple access Basic disadventages of 2G
(FDMA) with channel capacity of 30 KHz and frequency • It doesn't bolster high information rates.
band was 824-894 MHz [6], which was based on a
• Weaker computerized signal.
technology known as Advance Mobile Phone Service
• Unable to deal with comp
(AMPS) [12].
Key features and facilities of 1G TABLE 3. TECHNOLOGY OF 2G IN EACH COUNTRY [14]
• Based on analog system.
• It gives data speed of up to 2kbps. Based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
• Cordless phone. AMPS (IS-54) / D-
Basic disadventages of 1G United States of America and Canada
AMPS (IS-136)
• Only voice, no data communication. GSM Europe and Asia
• Low capacity. PDC (Personal Digital
Japan
• Negative handoff. Cellular)
• Less secure. PHS (Personal Handy RRC, Japan, Taiwan and some country on
System) Asia
• Poor voice link.
CSD United States of America
HSCSD (High Speed
TABLE 2. TECHNOLOGY OF 1G IN EACH COUNTRY [14] No Information
Circuit Switched Data)
United States of America, Canada,
AMPS (IS-136) (Advanced iDEN (Integrated Argentina. Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia,
United States of America
Mobile Phone Service) Digital Enhanced El Salvador, Ekuador, Gaum, Israel, Japan,
NMT (Nordic Mobile Network) Jordan, South Korea, Mexico, Philippina,
All country in Skandavia
Telephony) Puerto Rico, Saudi Arabia, Singapore.
HICAP Japan Based on Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
TACS (Total Access England, Italia, Spainish, Austria, CDMAone or Interim USA, South Korea, Canda, Mexico, Hindi,
Communications System) Ireland, Japan, some of Europe Standard 95 (IS-95) Israel, Australia, Srilangka, Venezuela,
C 450 West German, Portugal, South Africa CDMA or TIAEIA-95 Brazil, and RRC

TABLE 4. COMPARISON BETWEEN 1G & 2G

1G 2G
It existed in 1980s. It came in 1990.
It works on analog signals. It works on digital signals.
1G cell phones are used for voice calls. It is essentially utilized for mobile Communication.
Band width per frequency channel of 1G is up to 30Khz. Band width per frequency channel of 2G is up to 200Khz
D. Third Generation (3G)
3G launched in Japan on October 2001 by NTT DoCoMo [13],
with a transmission speed of 144 kbps-2 Mbps. Third
generation implemented on multimedia cell phone or better
known as smart phones, with facilities such as video call,
Voice over IP (VoIP), Mobile TV, Online Gaming. The
essential factor of this technology is to merge the wireless
principles like Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA),
Global system for Mobile communication (GSM) and CDMA.
Three interface modes are W-CDMA, CDMA2000 and Wi-Max,
compatible easy with previous network standards [13].
Application of 3G: 3G has supported real time application
services to the smart phone users with high speed access. Some of
the application are [13]:
1) Video on Demand (VOD): Video on Demand has
provided a scalable service to the 3G subscribers
than 2G. VOD has offered the service to the users
based on the availability of a network. It has
provided the services through a satellite network
over a wide geographic area.
2) Global Positioning System (GPS): GPS has
provided the exact location and on time
information in geographical areas, based on
satellite navigation system.
3) Location-Based Services (LBS): It considered the
same as a general class of computer program-level
services in 3G network. LBS has make use of in a
variety of perspective, such as personal life, work,
health, entertainment, identify the location of the
object, discovering nearest bank machine, vehicle
tracking services, parcel tracking, friend or
employee.
4) Mobile TV (MTV): Television was watched
through a mobile device and hand-held device with
3G speed.
5) Video conferencing (VC): Video conference was
allowed in multiple locations to communicate
instantly with 3G speed.
Key features and facilities of 3G
• Faster data rates.
• Supports multimedia applications such as video
and photography.
• Value added services like mobile television, GPS
(global positioning system), video call and video
conferencing.
• Fast mobile internet access.
• Increased capacity.
Basic disadvantages of 3G
• Needs 3G compatible handsets.
• The cost of upgrading to 3G devices is high.
• Power utilization is high.
• 3G requires closer base stations which is costly.

TABLE 5. COMPARISON BETWEEN 2G & 3G

2G 3G
It came in 1990 It came in 2000
It is successor to 1G 3G is successor to 2G
It depends on digital signals It depends on high capacity broadband data
Band width per frequency channel of 2G is up to 200Khz Band width per frequency channel is up to 20Mh

E. Fourth Generation (4G) phones are guiding the mobile owners in right way, 4G has
4G launched on 2010 by Telia sonera from Finland. It is a facility of network interoperability, and it makes available
providing a better solution than 2G and 3G. Third personalized multimedia communication tools and services.
generation project partnership (3GPP) was standardised as Key features and facilities of 4G
LTE-Advanced and other standard shown in table 4. The • High spectral efficiency.
main difference between 3G and 4G are access • High voice quality.
methodology, data transfer rate, transmission terminology • Easily get to web, streaming media, video
and security. “Anytime”, “Anywhere” mobile user can conferencing.
access the multimedia data like videos and voice calls with • Very low inactivity.
securely [5]. The user can access the Internet and send e- • Simple protocol architecture.
mails by using HSPA (high-speed packet access). It can • Efficient multicast/communicate
enable for notebooks and replace their fixed Digital Basic disadvantages of 4G
subscriber line (DSL) modems with HSPA modems. 4G
• Higher data costs for users.
IMT-advanced wireless systems consist of LTE-Advanced,
• It is very costly and difficult to execute.
3GPP and mobile Wi-Max. LTE–A and IEEE family
• Complex hardware.
standards increase data rates and enhance system spectral
efficiency in addition to supports compatibility with their • Power consumption more.
respective earlier release [13].
TABLE 6. STADARD OF 4G TECHNOLOGY
Application of 4G: 4G gives more integrity through OFDM
with Wi-Max, it can be delivered up to 70 mbps over a
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
wireless technology, and indoor user can be reach up to
1Gbps. 4G has a facility to transfers data like audio, video Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)
and pictures during voice call. Based on environmental Mobile Wimax II (IEEE 802.16m)
factors, it has changed the time and other settings. Mobile
 TABLE 7. COMPARISON BETWEEN 3G & 4G
3G
It came in 2000
It is known as tri band 3G
The maximum data transfer speed is up to 3.1 mbps
It provides digital navigation and access to video
F. Fifth Generation (5G)
This technology still under the auspices of 4G technology
because the fifth generation (5 g) is still in the research
phase, is expected to be implemented starting in 2020.
Various Telecommunications industries in the world has
started a number of preparations to welcome the era of 5 g.
In order not to be left behind from other countries,
Indonesia, which is currently a new era technology fourth
generation (4G), the need to do an analysis of the readiness
of technology and infrastructure, as well as regulations to
prepare for entry of the era of the fifth generation (5G) [15].
Some of the technologies that are included in the criteria
to be applied to the technology of the fifth generation (5G)
[15]:
• Masive MIMO
• Milimeter Wace Small Cell Network
• Device to Device (D2D)
• Beam Division Multiple Access (BDMA)
• Software Define Network (SDN)
• Cognitive Radio Network (CRN)
• Visible Light Comunication (VLC)
Various technologies have been available with the
advantage and the disadvantage masingmasing. To be able
to support the fifth generation technologies, advanced
development needs to be done to improve the existing
technology. On the writings of [15] have discussed about
the development potential of the technology and get
conclusions as follows:
• comparison and performance analysis of each
technology which can potentially support the
telecommunications needs of the future.
• An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of
each technology which can potentially support the
TABLE 8. COMPARISON BETWEEN 4G & 5G
4G
It came in 2010-2015
4G is the fourth generation of mobile communication
technology.
Speeds for 4G are further increased to keep up with data
access demand used by various services
4G provide high definition streaming and some more eatures
such as multimedia Newspaper and ultra-broadband internet
access which were not present in 3G
4G
It came in 2010-2015
4G is the fourth generation mobile communication
Speeds for 4G are further increased to keep up with data
access demand used by different services
4G provide high definition streaming and some additional
qualities such as multimedia Newspaper and ultra-broadband
internet access which were not absent in 3G.
fifth generation, accompanied with alternative
solutions to the challenges faced.
• Analysis of the condition of the infrastructure and
the readiness of the industry today in the
implementation of the fifth generation of the
supporting technology.
• An analysis of the various related regulations, in
support of the implementation of the fifth-
generation technology.
Key features and facilities of 5G
• Fast, high power and minimal cost per bit. It
Support intuitive interactive media, voice,
streaming video, Web, and other broadband
administrations, greater compelling and more
alluring, Bidirectional, exact measurements [2].
• Presentation of another radio framework is
conceivable in which diverse radio innovations will
circulate the same range. This should be possible
by finding unused range and afterward adjusting to
the innovation of the radio innovation with which
the range is being shared [2].
• It is giving large broadcasting capacity up to
Gigabit which supporting very nearly65,000
connections at a time. [6]
• 5G technology gives Global access and service
portability [6].
• Each portable in a 5G system will have an IP
address (IPV6) as indicated by the area and system
being utilized.
• The innovation is probably going to bolster virtual
private systems and propelled charging interfaces.
• The movement insights by 5G innovation makes it
more precise and it likewise bolster virtual private
system.
5G
5G will come completely in 2020
5G is the revolution in 4GCell phone communication
technology
5G will provide very high speed as well as good use of
available band width to the client
5G includes hugephone memory, dialing speed, and many
more and also we can connect our 5G cell phones with laptop
to get broadband internet access
 IV. COMPARISON CELLULAR NETWORK

Generation/
0G 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G
Parameter
Introduced 1970s 1980s 1993 2001 2009 Probably 2020
Location of
First
unknown USA Finland Japan South Korea Unknown
commercializa
tion
PPT, MTS AMPS, NMT, IMT2000,
Technology IS-95, GSM LTE, WiMAX 4G+WWWW
IMTS, AMTS TACS WCDMA

MTS, MTA -
MTD, IMTS, IMT-2000, Single unified
MTS, AMTS, GSM, GPRS, Single unified
Standards AMTS, OLT, HSPDA, Standard
IMTS EDGE Standard
Autoradiopuhel HSUPA WiMax, LTE
in, B-Netz,
Altai, AMR
Multiple
TDMA,
Address/Acces Unknown FDMA CDMA CDMA CDMA
CDMA
s system
Circuit
switching for Packet
Circuit Voice and switching
Switching type Unknown All Packet All Packet
switching Packet except for Air
switching for Interface
Data
Speed (data 2.4 Kbps to
Unknown 14.4 Kbps 3.1 Mbps 100 Mbps < 1 GBps
rates) 14.4 kbps
Digital
Digital version
Special Phone First wireless broadband, Very high
of 1G Unknown
Characteristic communication communication speed speeds, All IP
technology
increments
Dynamic
Information
Multiple users Multimedia High Speed,
Access
Features Voice only Voice only on single features, Video real time
Wearable
channel Call streaming
Devices with
AI Capabilities
Supports Voice only Voice only Voice and Data Voice and Data Voice and Data Voice and Data
Internet Ultra
No Internet No Internet Narrowband Broadband Unknown
service Broadband
Bandwidth Analog 25 MHz 25 MHz 100 MHz Unknown
GSM:
900MHZ,
Operating 850 MHz, 1800
2 MHz 800 MHz 1800MHz 2100 MHz Unknown
frequencies MHz
CDMA:
800MHz
Band
Ultra Wide
(Frequency) Unknown Narrow band Narrow band Wide band Unknown
Band
type
Carrier
Unknown 30 KHZ 200 KHz 5 MHz 15 MHz Unknown
frequency
Speed, High
Multimedia
Simpler (less speed handoffs,
features (SMS, High security,
complex) MIMO
Advantage Simple MMS), Internet international Unknown
network technology,
access and SIM roaming
elements Global
introduced
mobility
Limited Limited High power Hard to
capacity, not capacity, not Low network consumption, implement,
Disadvantages secure, poor secure, poor range, slow Low network complicated Unknown
battery life, battery life, data rates coverage, High hardware
large phone large phone cost of required
 size, size, spectrum
background background licence
interference interference
Voice calls, High speed Ultra High
Video
Short applications, definition
conferencing,
Applications Unknown Voice Calls messages, mobile TV, video + Virtual
mobile TV,
browsing Wearable Reality
GPS
(partial) devices application
Flatter IP
Network & 5G
Packet
Core Network Unknown PSTN PSTN All IP Network Network
Network
Interfacing (5g-
NI)
Horizontal and Horizontal and
Handoff Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal
Vertical Vertical

V. CONCLUSIONS of Computer Science and Information Technology Research ISSN

Based on previous research and writing on this paper,
increasing a person's or kebetuhuan users to get a better
communication service makes the researchers must continue
to upgrade existing technology, with the 0G – 4G service in
its time we can say "enough", but if there are newer
technology the users will always try that technology so it
make everybody feel never"enough".
5G technology will make the world into a more modern
eras and different to now. Before that each State should
ensure all supporting devices already work well and this
technology can replace the 4G position as well without
misbehaving or not ready.
2348-120X (online) Vol. 2, Issue 3, pp: (430-433), Month: July -
September 2014.
[13] E. Ezhilarasan, M.Dinakaran, ”A Review on mobile technologies: 3G,
4G and 5G”, 2017 Second International Conference on Recent
Trends and Challenges in Computational Models.
[14] M HUDA PRAKOSO, A.Md, “TEKNOLOGI 5G (Fifth
Generation)”, PAPER SISKOM, STT Telematika Telkom
Purwokerto, 2015.
[15] Eddy Wijanto, 2017, “Analysis of Technology Readiness for the
Implementation of Fifth Generation (5G) Telecomunication
Technology”, Jurnal Teknik dan Ilmu Komputer Vol. 06 No. 23, Jul
– Sep 2017.

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