MATHEMATIC-FORM 4

TOPIC 1: Standard Form (Bentuk Piawai)

Analysis of SPM Question

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Sub-Topic
FORMULA: Standard form
Standard form is a way of writing very large numbers or very small numbers in the form
of A × 10n, where 1 ≤ A< 10 and n is a positive or a negative integer.
Arrow move on right side, n known as negative integer (……………….), Example:
0.0003= 3 x 10-4
Arrow move on left side, n known as positive integer (……………….), Example:
98700 = 9.87x104

Example 2:

Express each of the following numbers in standard form.

(a) 53.4
(b) 1738
(c) 23000
(d) 428000000
(e) 0.0063
(f) 0.000000038

Solution:
(a) 53.4 = 5.34 × 10

(b) 1738 = 1.738 × 10³

(c) 110000 = 1.1 × 105

(d) 428000000 = 4.28 × 108

(e) 0.00065 = 6.5 × 10-4

(f) 0.0000000038 = 3.8 × 10-9

Sir Letchumanan a/l Shanmugam- 2019

Exercise
Express each of the following numbers in standard form.
(a) 7244
(b) 32567
(c) 750000
(d) 0.65
(e) 0.0428
(f) 0.000369

Your Solution:

(a) (b) (c)

(d) (e) (f)

Sub-Topic: Significant Figures (Angka Bererti)

FORMULA
1. Significant figures are the relevant digits in an integer or a decimal number which has
been rounded up to a value according to a degree of accuracy.

2. In rounding off positive numbers to a given number of significant figures, the

significance of zero is shown as below.

3. All non-zero digits in a number are significant figures (s. f.).

Example:
(i) 568 (3 s. f.)
(ii) 36.97 (4 s. f.)

4. All zeroes between non-zero digits are significant.

Example:
i. 7001 (4 s. f.)
ii. 3.04 (3 s. f.)
iii. 22.054 (5 s. f.)
5. All zeroes that lie on the right of a non- zero digit in a decimal are significant.
Example:
i. 0.71 (2 s. f.)
ii. 4.500 (4 s. f.)
iii. 3.00 (3 s. f.)
Sir Letchumanan a/l Shanmugam- 2019
 6. Zeroes that lie on the left of a non-zero digit in a decimal are not significant.
Example:
i. 0.05 (1 s. f.)
ii. 0.0040 (2 s. f.)
Exercise 2:
Round off the following numbers correct to three significant figures.
(a) 246 =___________________
(b) 2463 =___________________
(c) 24632 =___________________
(d) 0.00745 =___________________
(e) 0.007453 =___________________
(f) 0.007455 =___________________
(g) 0.007403 =___________________

Exercise 3:
Round off each of the following numbers to the number of significant figures indicated in
brackets.
(a) 3548 (2 s. f.) = _____________________
(b) 0.5089 (3 s. f.) = _____________________
(c) 33.028 (1 s. f.) = _____________________
(d) 0.40055 (3 s. f.) = _____________________
(e) 0.681 (2 s. f.) = _____________________
(f) 38.97 (3 s. f.) = _____________________

Sub-Topic: Computation of Numbers in Standard Form

FORMULA:

 Two numbers in standard form can be ADDED OR SUBTRACTED if both numbers

have the same index a x 10ⁿ + b x 10ⁿ = (a + b) x 10ⁿ

i. 3.5 x 10³ + 2.103 x 10³ = (3.5 + 2.103) x 10³ = 5.603 x 10³

ii. 5.89 x 10⁻³ – 2.01 x 10⁻³ = (5.89 – 2.01) x 10⁻³ = 3.88 x 10⁻³

iii. 5.6 x 10⁵ + 2.41 x 10⁷ = 0.056 x 10⁷ + 2.41 x 10⁷

= (0.056 + 2.41) x 10⁷ = 2.456 x 10⁷

iv. 3.4 x 10⁻⁴ – 8 x 10⁻⁵ = 3.4 x 10⁻⁴ – 0.8 x 10⁻⁴

= (3.4 – 0.8) x 10⁻⁴ = 2.6 x 10⁻⁴

Sir Letchumanan a/l Shanmugam- 2019

 When two numbers in standard form are MULTIPLIED OR DIVIDED, the ordinary
numbers are multiplied or divided with each other while their indices are added or
subtracted
i. (a x 10³) x (b x 10⁵) = (a x b) x 10³⁺⁵ = ab x 10⁸

ii. (a x 10⁹) ÷ (b x 10⁵) = (a ÷ b) x 10⁹⁻⁵ = a/b x 10⁴

iii. 9.5 x 10³ x 2.2 x 10² = (9.5 x 2.2) x 10³⁺²

= 20.9 x 10⁵ = 2.09 x 10¹ x 10⁵
= 2.09 x 10¹⁺⁵ = 2.09 x 10⁶

iv. (7.2 x 10⁵) ÷ (6 x 10⁻²) = (7.2/6) x 10⁵⁻⁽⁻²⁾ = 1.2 x 10⁵⁺² = 1.2 x 10⁷

Exercise 4:
a) 4500 x 106 x 60 b) 2.6 x 104 + 5200 0.0098
c)
7000

d) 2.8 x 107 + 4.3 x 108 e) 3.9 x 105 + 5.6 x 106 f) 2.8 x 10-5 – 0.0000043

Sir Letchumanan a/l Shanmugam- 2019

SPM QUESTIONS

Sir Letchumanan a/l Shanmugam- 2019