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D ON E I N T O E N G LI S H B Y
AND
E DM O N D WA R N E R ,
BA .
But m
s to r a nd r ain s hall ne v er mar w ha t I
ilt —
”
H ave bu th e pala ce f my
o poet ry .
F IR D A U S f
VO L I .
LO N D O N
PA U L TRE N CH TRtiBN E R
, , co .
R
D YD EN H O U S E; G ERR A R D S T REET ,
w .
1 905
H IS SIS T E R
C A RO LI N E W A RN E R
W O RK IS BY H ER
S U RVIVING B R O T H ER .
PR E F A C E
s a dd e ne d fo r m e o f l at e by t he d e ath o f my e ld e r
br o th e r and s e ni o r p art ne r in t h e u nd e rt aki ng I t .
w as b e g u n s o m e tw e n ty y e ar s ago wh e n h e w as t he
.
, , ,
in 1 887 .
H e br e w w o n h im at O xfo rd t h e P u s e y and E ll e rt o n
S ch o l ars hip in 1 8 6 2 and t h e K e nnic o tt in 1 8 6 3 .
and th e n I nc u m b e n t at We s t m i ns t e r h e ne v e r I
-
and I m a
y add th at w e w e r e e ng ag e d in r e vi s i ng a
pas s age in o u r j o i nt tr ans l atio n al m o s t t o within an
h o u r o f his s u dd e n d e ath fro m a wh o lly u ns u s pect e d
h e art affe cti o n in April 1 9 0 3
-
.
P R E PA CE
m e mo ri e s are in t h e na u e o f
t r thi ngs b u t fl e e ti ng ; b u t
t h e writt e n w o rd r e m ai ns and I am fai n t o h o p e th at
,
fact n o t t o b e w o nd e r e d at c o ns id e ri ng h o w fe w
,
Engli s h I t h as th e r e fo r e s e e m e d d e s ir abl e th at t h e
’
Argu m e nt To pr e p ar e th e s e h as fall e n t o m y lo t
.
,
l ab ou rs On r e vi e wi ng o u r w o rk as a who l e I ve ntu r e
.
,
t o h o p e th at t h e Engli s h r e ad e r will g ai n fr o m it
a v e ry fairly c o rr e ct id e a o f t h e s u bj e ct matt e r o f
-
ti on o n t h e s u bj e ct .
als o t o th ank my s i s t e r C ar o li ne W ar ne r
,
and m
y ,
ne ph e w G e o rg e R e ds t o n W ar ne r fo r o cc as i o nal h e lp
, , .
I h o p e t o p u bli s h o u r tr an s l ati o n a v o l u m e at a
ti me as cir c u ms t anc e s p e rmit
, .
E DM O N D WA R N E R .
E LT H AM , Fe bru a ry 1 90 5 .
C O N TE N TS
I N TR O DU C TI O N
I . : PE O PLE
LA N D A ND
I I : PO ET A N D POEM
.
I I I : TE XT A N D TR A N S LA T IO N
.
LIS T OF REV IO U S
P TR A N S L TO R S A
A N C I E NT PER SI A N C A LE N DA R
G E N E A LO G I O A L TA B LE S
A BBRE V I A T IO N S
N O T E O N PR O N U N O I A TI O N
TH E SHAHNAM A
TH E PRE LU DE
I nv o c tia on
D ic r
s Pr i f Wi d m
ou se in a se o s o
O f t h M ki ng f t h W rl d
e a o e o
Of th N t r efM n a u e o a
Of t h N t r ef th S n a u e o e u
Of t h N t r ef th M n a u e o e oo
I n Pr i f t h Pr ph t
a se o d h i C m p ni n
e o e an s o a o s
O n t h C m pil ti n f t h S h ah nam
e o a o o e a
O f t h p t D k ik i
e oe a
H W t h pr
O nt B kw b g n
e es e oo as e u
I n Pr i f A b u M n ur S n f M h mm d
a se o a s , o o u a a
I n Pr i f S ltan M h mud
a se o u a
C O N TE N TS
TH E BE G I NN I N G OF TH E H I S TO RY : TH E
PI S H DADI A N DY N A S TY
GA I UM A RT
S E CT . PA G E
I . Th e re atnes s
G of G aiumart and the Env y of
A h r i man
2 . H o w S iy amak w as s a n t h e Div l i by
3 . h g
H o w H u s an and G aiu mart e n t o w t fight the B a l ck
Div
HU S N
HA G
2 . H o w t h e Fe as t of S ada w as f o u nde d
'
TA
’
H M IIR A S
I . Tah m uras c
as e nds t he Thr o ne , in ven s t ne w A rt s,
su bd ues the D i vs , a nd di es
J A M S H ID
3 . H o w I bli s t u rne d C o k o
4 . H o w t h e Fo r tu ne s o f J amebi d w nt t o Wrack e
ZA H H AK
I . The E v il C t
msus o of Z ahh ak and t he De v ic e of I rmail ’
and K ar ma l
’
i
2 . H o w Zah h ak s aw F aridun in a Dre am
3 . Th e B ir th of F aridun
4 th r b t
H o w Faridiin q u e s one d h is M o e a o u h is O
. ti rigi n
5 Th e S o
. t ry
o f Zah ha w
k and K a a t h e S m ith
6 H ow
. a d n F ri u w t
e n t o Ba e ttl w i h
t Zahh ak
7 . H w F ri d n
o w th S i t r
a u fJ m h d
sa e s e s o a s l
8 . Th S t ry f F r i dun nd t h M i ni t r f Z
e o o a a e s e o ah h a k
9 . H w F ri d n b nd Z hh ak
o a u ou a
FA R ID U N
I . H ow F u
arid n as e nde d c the Th r o ne
2 . H o w Faridxm
’
s en tJ andal to Yaman
C O N TE N TS xiii
FA R I DON
'
(continued)
3 . H o w t he K i ng of Yaman answ e e d r J anda l
4 . H o w t h e S o ns of F r i dun w nt
a e to th e K i ng
Yaman .
5 H r r r
o w S a v p o v e d t h e S o ns o f Fa idu n
.
by S orce ry
ri u
6 H O W Fa d n m ade
. Tr i l a o f h is S o ns
8 H o w S al m gre w nv i o us o f Iraj
. e
10 H o w Far i dunmade A ns w
. e r t o hi S o ns s
I I H o w Iraj we nt t o h i Br th rs
. s o e
12 H w Iraj w a s l ai n by h is Bro th e rs
. o s
I 3 H w Fa idim r e c e i e d Ti di ng o f t h e M u rde r
. o r
'
v s
16 . H w S al m nd T
o h d Ti di ng
a f M in h ih
ur a s o uc r
H w F ri dun r c i d h i S n M g ’
17 . o a e e ve s o s es s a e
18 . H w F ridun m d A n w r t hi S n
o a a e s e o s o s
19 . H w F ridun
o ant M inu h ih t fi ght Tu
se nd c r o r a
S lm a
20 . H w M inu h ih
o tt ck d th H t f Tur
c r a a e e os o
21 . H w Ti mw a l i n by M inu h ih
o s s a c r
22 . H w M inu h ih wr t t
o c nn nc rh i Vict ry to e o a ou e s o o
F ri duna
H w K ar n t k t h C tl f t h A l an
i
23. o a oo e as e o e s
24 . H w Kak w i t h
o Gr nd n ,
f Z hhak e tt ck d a so o a ,
a a e
t h Ir ani n
e a s .
2 5. H w S l m fl d nd w
o a l i n by M inu hih
e a as s a c r
26 . H w th H d f S l m w
o e ea nt t F r i dun
o a as s e o a
2 7. Th D th f F r i dun
e ea o a
M IN IJ CH I R R
'
I . H o w M inuch ih r c
as e nde d t he Th r o ne and made an
O ra ti n o
2. Th e B i r th f Z ilo z
3 . H o w S i m h ad a Dream t chi ng
ou t he Cas e of h is
S on
4 . H o w M inuch ihr t k
oo Kn o w e d l g e of the Cas e of
8 am and Z en
x iv C O N TE N TS
M I N fI C H I H R (continu ed)
S EC T
Z ail we nt b ck t
.
H ow a o Zéb u lis t an
H o w S am g i ngd m t Zél
av e t he K o o
Ho w Z l
'
a
. i it
d M ih rab f K ab l
v s e o u
Ho w R uda b t k C n l w ith h
a oo D m l ou se er a se s
Ho w R uda b D m l w nt t
’
as aZi lse s e o se e t
Ho w t h D m l r t r n d t Budab
e a se s e u e o a
Ho w Z il w nt t R uda
e e b o a
Ho w Za l c n lt d t h A rchi m g
o su e in t h M tt r
e a es e a e of
Budab a
Ho w z al wr t t S im t o e x pl i n t h C
o z o e a e as e
HO W S am c n lt d t h A
o hm g
su e in t h M tt r e rc a es e a e of
z zs
H o w S indu kh t h rdea of t h e Cas e of B da a u b
H ow M ih rab w as m ade a war e o f h is Dau ght er s
’
Case
H ow M inuc hih r h rd
ea of t he Cas e of Z ail and
b
Buda a
18 . Ho w S am c ame t o M inuch ih r
1 9. H o w S am we nt to fight w ith M ih rab
20 . H w Zél we nt o n a M i i o n t o M inu h ih
o ss c r
22 . H o w S i m c o m for te d S ind k h t u
24 . H ow the A rc h mage s qu e s ti o ne d Z él
H O W z al ans we re d t he A rch mage s
H ow Z élds i pl y a ed h is A cc mpli h m nt b f r
o s e e o e
M inuch ih r
27 . M inuchih r s A ’
ns we r t o S am s ’
L e tte r
H o w Zél c ame t o S am
29 . Th e S t ry
o o f t he B i rth of Ru s t am
30 . H o w S am c am e to s ee Ru stam
31 . H ow R u s tam s e l w th e Whit E l ph nt e e a
32 . H o w R us ta m w nt t e o M n t S ip nd
ou a
33 H ow Ru s a t m wr t o e a L tt r nn n ci ng
e e a ou his Vict ry o
t o Zit l
34 Th e L e tt e r o f Zzil t o S am
'
3 5 M inuc hih r s
’
l tC
as ou ns e s l t o his S o n
C O N T E N TS
“ H o w N au da r s u cce e de d t o t h Th rone e
9
5 H o w Pa h ang h ard f t h e D ath f M inu h ih
s e o e o c r
K u ad w as s a
m H w A f ra iy ab f ght w ith N nd r t h
o s c nd Ti m
ou a a e se o e
s H w N d r w
o t k n by A fra iy ab
au a as a e s
o
p H w Wi f nd hi S n th t h d b n l i n
o sa ou s o a a ee s a
o H W S h m a a n d Kh
O a w an i n
s d d Z ib l i t an
s a az ar va e a u s
IO. H w Z al c m t h lp M ih rab
o a e o e
I I. H w N d wo l i n by A fra iy ab
au ar as S a s
1 2. H w Z il h d Ti di ng
o e f t h D th f N
a d s o e ea o au ar
I 3 H w I gh i
. o w l i n by hi Br th r
r ras as s a s o e
ZA v
1 . Zav is e e l ct d S h ah
e
GA RS H A S P
I . cc
H O W Garsh as p s u e e de d t o t h e Th r n o e and i
d e d,
and h o w A fr iy b i
as a nv ade d I an r
2. Ho w R t m c ght R kh h
us a au a s
3 . Ho w Zé l l d t h H t ag i n t A f ra iy ab
e e os a s s
4 . Ho w R t m br ght K i K bad fr m M
us a ou a u o o un t A lb r u z
I N DE X
E R R A TA
Pa gli 5 nd l w h r
e 7, ne 2 a e se e e, for T ta ri ’
and Trait ana r e ad Trit a
'
d T it an
’
an ra a.
P g 9 li n
a e 6 nd l w h r
,
e 1 a e se e e, for Az arb i j an r ea d Az arb aij an .
P g
a r f r nc n m b r
e 10 ,
e e e e u e 2, after R ins er t P .
P g 3 b tt m f N ES H N S EH
’
a e 1 , o o , or
‘
r ea d .
th t a Pe e t h e G tr r t g i n d t mp r ry p
ea i n f D rb
a e e o a os s e s s o o a and
in A . D . 1 72 2 , b u t it w n t fi n ll y nn x d by R
as i till o a a e e uss a A D
. .
181 33
rfr c
Pag e 1 9 , e e e n e nu mb e 3 dele te r , iii .
r ea d Whil I e o e rlo o k e d
’
fr o m far .
’
Pag e li n
3 7, f A udi d
e 2 2, or r r ea
P g
a e 39 f r nc n mb r d l t i nd
. re e e e u e I, e e e . a v ii .
, a nd r e ad Th e t o o
s pirit l c nc pti n f t h D ity in i
ua o
’
e o o e e . and t he re f r e n c
e es to
vii
’
A l i in .
Pag e 62 , a e ft r r f r nc n mb r 7 i t DZA i
e e e e u e ns er , . 20 9 .
n u mbe r I , N IN , 1 5 .
Pa g e 71 , l i ne 1 9 , a te r f O x us in s er t C as pi an .
r f r nc
e e e e nu mb e r 6 , e nd , a dd no e s t .
’
Pag e 8 8, li ne s 1 2 and 2 6, f or Fr ri
a va dn r ead Farwardin .
’
P g li n Din r ea d Dai
’
a e 89 , e 4 , for .
P g
a e 90 fo r 3 e ne a o ns r ead 1 e ne
, g r ti g r tio n
a .
’
P g
a e 9 2 , r ead t hu s A e ma e de s e ndan f l c t o r re l at iv e = KA I KA O S
S iy aw u s h
Pag li n
e 10 b gi nning f Th r d I
6, e 1 1 , e , or e
’
ea n.
’
Pag 3 li n
e 1 1 8 d d f ll t p t nd
, e 1 ,
a u s e a e .
P g
a e 8 li n 4 f 1 1 m nt i n f t h h l y
, e d , or ou a o e o
’
r ea
‘
M o un t in
a of t he
H ly
’
o .
Pg
a e 1 20d l t li n I nd r d,
H w S iy am k w
e e e e a ea , o a as s la in by the Div ’
6 li n g ld d g d
.
P g
a e 12 6 f , e 1 ,
or
‘
o r ea oo .
’
P g 3 li n g ll ry p t ’
a e 1 ft 0 , e 1 1 , a er a e u
E RR A TA
Pa g e 1 30 , li ne 2 3 , for h av e
’
r ea d fi nd ,
’
a nd add to f
re erenc e 4 , WPI
' ‘
.
i . 14 2 .
Pag e 1 3 1, li n 5 f Th y d th y
e 1 , or e r ea e .
’
Pag e 1 3 2,li n dd f ll t p t nd
e 1 1 ,
a u s o a e .
P g 3 8 li my d
’
a e 1 ,9 dl t th
ne 2 ,d ny e e e en an r ea a .
P g 5 li n fr m b tt m f d d w n trick
’
a e 1 4 2, es d wn t i k n
o o o , or o s r c e re a o -
s en .
4 li r m b tt m f A pik an ’
ne s f o d A pik a o o , or s r ea S n.
g 4 3 li n 7 f
,
Pa e 1 , e d ,
or 1 r ea
li 5 f ne 1 d 3 , or 2 r ea .
li 3 f 3 d ne 1 ,
or r ea
li 3 3 f 4 ne d , or
‘ '
r ea
Pag e 1 7 5 li , 3 f H
ne 1 d B ,
or e rea e .
’
Pag e 22 7 li , d l t S l i by t h H
ne 2 1 ,
d f nd r
e e ed l i by
‘
a n e an o
'
a ea s a n .
’
Pag e 2 3 9 li , f m d
ne 2 1 , d m k or a e r ea a e.
’
P g
a e 2 9 3 , a dd to e nd o
f no t e 3 0 9 3 4 6 , , .
P g lin f tt l 7 ro m b o o m aft er
’
add
‘
a e 3 0 7, e as s o ,
P g
a e 35 id r f r c
1 , s d e e e e n e , rea
P g 3 54 li n G hd h m h da h a m
’
a e f ,
d G
e 21 ,
or uz a a r ea az .
P g
a e 3 55 li n 4 fr m b tt m d l t c m m
, e o o o e e e o a at e nd .
P g
a e 3 66 l i n d l t
,
n t e 1 2, e e e o .
P g
a e 38 lin 4 fr m b tt m f pl nt
1 ,
e o o o , or a s
’
r ea d pl ans .
’
I N TR O D U C T I O N
CH A PTE R I
LA N D A N D PE O PLE
b o u nd e d o n t h e no rth by t h e S te pp e s t h e C as pi an ,
t h e I ndi an O c e an o n t h e e as t by t h e v all e y o f t h e
,
E u phr at e s and by t h e P e r s i an Gu lf
,
At pr es e n t it .
p o rti o ns o f R u s s i a and T u rk e y .
or du n with p o wd e ry d u s t Th e m o u nt ai ns are
.
it s w ay e ve n i nt o t h e r ainl e s s r e gi o n wh e r e it g ath e r s,
d e pr e s s i o ns o nc e fo r m e d a s e ri es o f l ak e s th at
s u gg e s t e d t h e app e ar an c e o f an in l an d s e a and s u ch ,
it s l ak e .
Fr o m April till l at e in t h e au t u m n t h e s ky s av e ,
fo r an o cc as i on al th u nd e rs t o r m am o ng t h e m o u n t ai ns ,
is an u n cl o u d e d az u r e in wi nt e r a g o o d d e al o f s no w ,
b u t o n t h e b o rd e r s o f t h e d e s e r t s t h e i nh abit ant s
h av e s o m e ti m e s t o live s hu t u p fo r w e e k s t o g e th e r t o
2
av o id t h e p e s til e n ti al bl as t s .
o f E u r o p e do w e ll whil e in t h e di s trict b e tw e e n t h e ,
fe w w at e r e d v all e ys of t h e l o ng s ou th e rn c o as t t h e
cli m at e is tr o pic al in ch ar act e r Th e t am aris k and .
are gr o v e s o f d at e p al m s -
.
1
Eg . .
,
ne a r Ka b in s , on t he road b tw e een Tih ri n and H amad an, and at
Ba rchi n ,
'
a v ill ga e ne a r Ma ib ud t o t h e no rth of Ya z d . G H P, i . 1 3;
KA , ii .
4 73 .
2
M HP , ii .
3 67 .
3
DH A ,
v. 9 .
I N TR O D UC T IO N 5
Th e im m e di at e ighb ou rh o o d o f t h e s alt d e s e rt s is
ne -
o f t h e e agl e t h e v u lt u r e t h e falc o n t h e r av e n t h e
and t h e nighti ng al e —t h e b u lbu l o f t h e p o e t s
, , , ,
c re w , .
Th e ac o r ns o f t h e w e s t e r n s l o p e s attr ac t t h e wild
s wi ne which in t u r n t e m pt t h e li o n fr o m t h e r e e d b e ds
,
-
, ,
t h e c am e l and t h e m u l e
,
.
m i ng e d wi t h light t h e s e as o ns di ffe r e nc e b e g an t h e
’
, ,
1
E P, ii .
30 .
2
1 d 34
. .
6 I N TR O D UC T IO N
s e as t u rne d s alt t h e s tr e ams dwi ndl e d t h e v e g e t ati on
, ,
Le t u s n o w t u r n fr o m t h e l and t o t h e p e o pl e Fo r .
us th e r e is no o cc as i o n t o dis cu s s qu e s ti o ns o f rac e
fr o m any v e ry m o d e r n s t andp o int Fo r u s it is r at h e r .
o f t h e P e r s i an e m pir e am
,
s t o f it s hi s t o ric
di s t i nctiv e o f r ac e u s e d it t o e m ph as i s e th at gr e at
,
tr u e phil o l o gic al ins ti nct and his dis tincti ons s till ,
l ang u ag e s r e pr e s e nt s a gr e at divi s i on o f h u m an s p e e ch .
t o r e s t o r e t h e e m pir e o f D ari u s an d wi s h e d t o i m it at e ,
t h e e x am pl e o f h is gr e at pr e d e c e s s o r h e w o u ld s till h av e ,
I n wh at fo ll o w s th e r e fo r e l ang u ag e is m ad e t h e b as i s
, ,
, ,
8 I N TR O D UC TIO N
w as pe rv e r s e ly r e gard e d as t h e r ai n s t e al e r Th e g o o d -
fl as h cl o v e ,
t h e cl o u d and t h e d e m o ns dr o pp e d th e ir b o o ty
, Th e .
s e rp e nt fi e nd h ad t o b e c o m b at e d fo r o th e r r e as o ns t o o
-
At a p e ri o d which c anno t b e pu t at l e s s th an fo u r
th o u s and y e ar s ago t h e Ary ans t he m s e lve s div id e d and ,
1
Th pl n t gr w in t h r gi n
e a b t S m k nd nd B lkh in t h
o s e e o s a ou a ar a a a e
m ortar nd w t r b i ng dd d gr ni h li q i d w a pr d c d which
l
, a a e e a e a ee s u s o u e ,
a ll w d t f rm nt Th pr d ct w i nt xic ti ng S G H P i 3 6
o e o e e . e o u as o a . ee ,
.
DH A , iv 5 3
. .
I N T RO D UC TIO N 9
Th e M e d e s wh o s e m o d e r n r e pr e s e nt ative s if any
, , ,
m an o r chi e f 1
Th e y s e e m t o h ave h ad no s u pr e m e
.
p o litic al h e ad o r ki ng t o u nit e t h e r ac e u nd e r o ne
c e ntr al au th o rity Th e ir c o m mo n b o nd if any w as a .
, ,
and t h e Ar as wh e r e t h e Anti C au c as u s fo r m s t h e tr u e
,
-
hi s t o ric al ti m e s h o w e v e r w e firs t fi nd t h e M e d e s in
, ,
q of
" p p ss ess
iq t o giv e it
‘
A t rfi iat e ne
F '
fro m ti m e i m m e m o ri al t h e c o u ntry o n t h e e as t e r n
s h o r e s o f t h e P e r s i an G u lf n o w r e pr es e nt e d by t h e ,
r u l e d by k ings o f t h e h ou s e o f A ch ae m g p g s Th e s e ,
t w o p e o pl e s cl o s e ly c o nne ct e d as t e y w e r e by l ang u ag e
,
and B abyl o ni an r e c o rd s ,
t h e m o d e r n S hu s t e r and t h e ki ngd o m
l
fi v e m il e s ,
Th e Ira ni ans as a wh o l e w e r e b o u nd e d o n t h e w e s t by
S e m itic and o n t h e no rth by Tura ni an p e o pl e s O n th e .
1
Th e king s of th e M o de s
”
of J er . x x v. 2 5 .
2
DZA , i 3 . and no t e s ; KA , i .
4 5 .
10 IN TR O D UC TIO N
I nd o E u r o p eans
'
Th e r e m aind e r o f t h e pr e s e n t.
E u r o p e an r ac e s r e pr e s e nt e d by t h e Gr e e k s and R o m ans
in t h e w e s t and by t h e Hi nd u s in t h e e as t and with ,
S cy t hians
w w
W fr an ia ns a n d the S em i tes —I n t h e nu me r o u s .
P e r s i ans in t h e s o u th s e e m s t o h av e b e e n s u bj e ct e d at
,
at fir s t by m e r e r aid s b u t l at e r o n by at t e m pt s at
. . .
S am as R i mm o n I I ( B C 8 2 3 R i mm o n nirari III
. .
-
A s s u rb anip al falls i nt o t w o p e ri o d s a fo r m e r o f gr e at ,
1
R PN S , iv 3 8 —
51
2
R, i 1 1 -
22 3
DH A ii 326
—
. . . . . .
,
iii ix
—
6
4
Id 3 5
5
R P, 3 20 E PN S vi 83 10 1
10 3—
- -
. . . . . . . .
7
R P iii , . 1 24 .
8
Id ., ix .
3 9 64 .
I N TRO D UC T IO N 1 1
Pr o b ably no e m pir e w as e v e r l e s s l am e nt e d by t h e
w o rld at l arge for w e h ave t h e A s s y ri ans o wn w o rd
,
’
a b ad re e m i ne nc e in th at r e s p e ct o v e r all t h e o th e r
p
-
t h e Chri s ti an e ra h ad b e g u n Ar abi a w as at t h at e p o ch
.
p o pu l o u s r e gi o n o f t h e p e ni ns u l a—w as r u i ne d and in
,
ti m e b o th th e r e and al o ng t h e li ne s o f t h e o ld c ar av an
,
aq u e d u ct s w e r e l e ft t o wit ne s s t o a l o s t pr o s p e rity A .
s ee m ,
as t h e fir s t c e n t u ry A D Th e A z dit e s in thi s
w ay fo u nde d t h e citi e s o f Hir a and A nb ar o n t h e
E u phr at e s and w e r e l o rd s o f D am as c u s t ill t h e d ay s
,
o f t h e Kh al ifa U m ar O th e r trib e s fr o m t h e s o u th
’
.
t o h av e b e e n l arg e ly du e t o t h e d e fe cti o n o f t h e Ar ab
alli e s o f t h e fo r m e r whil e o n t h e o th e r h an d t h e
,
o n o cc as i o ns fe r o ci o u s
, .
With t h e ri s e o f M u h am m ad t h e Ar ab s b e c am e
a gr e at r e ligi o u s and p o litic al p o w e r Aft e r h is .
d e ath in A D 6 3 2 h e w as s u cc e e d e d in t u rn by Ab u
B akr anm arf I n t he c o u rs e o f t h e t e n y e ar s o f t h e
.
'
”
nati o n al fe e li ng b e g an t o re as s e rt it s e lf ag ai ns t t h e -
m ay s e rv e t o s h o w U m ar app o i nt e d a c o mm itt e e
’
.
an d no m i n at e d A li as Kh ali fa (A D
’
Uth m an . .
’
, ,
is fo r m e and I am fo r h im ; h e s t and s t o m e in t h e
,
1
N SEH, 1 39 .
I N TR O D U C TI O N 1 3
of it 1 A li c ame t o b e r e g ard e d as as s o ci at e d in a v e ry
” ’
s p e ci al w a w ith t h e pr o ph e t and w as k no w n as h is
y ,
t h e s o n o f o ne o f M u h amm ad s bitt e r e s t o pp o ne nt s
’
h im I n t h e h e at o f t h e c o nt e s t which e ns u e d s o m e o f
.
’
Ali s fo ll o w e r s in th e ir z e al fo r h im w e nt t o o far Th e y
’
.
, ,
e m e Miflia m a d
’
( o rth o d ox
) I n t h e .e v n t a n e x t r e iii an
”M
s e ct k no w n as Kh arij it e s ( di s s e nt e r s which r
) a o s e at ,
th at ti m e d e ni e d t h e right s o f b o th c andid at es
,
and c am e t o t h e c o n cl u s i o n th at t h e tr u e c o u r s e o u t
o f t h e difli c u lt w o u ld b e o r e m o v e b o th l
’
y t A i w as .
o f A li h o w e v e r as m any th o u ght th e m h ad t ak e n h o ld
’
, , ,
i nt e ns ifi e d wh e n h is s o n H u s ai n —t h e gr and s o n o f
, ,
, ,
t h e r e ig ni ng h ou s e till at l e ngth in t h e y e ar A D 7 50
, ,
1
'
OH S , 33 1 2
. N E S H , 80 .
14 I N T RO D U C TIO N
tri u m ph o f t h e Abba s id s w as a h alf tri u mph fo r
’
t h e tr ans fe r e nc e t o it o f t h e s e at o f g o v e rn m e n t .
H arunu r R as h id h is s o n Ma m u n wh o s e m o th e r w as
’
-
, ,
A m in wh o w as s u pp o rt e d by S yri a Ma m u n w as t he
,
.
l as t gr e at Abbas id Kh alifa (A D 8 1 3 —8 3
’
D e cline s o o n
. .
fo ll o w e d I n A D 8 6 1 t h e Kh alifa M u t awak k il w as
. . .
s i on m a b e appli e d t o E as t e r n hi s t o ry w h o pr e fe rr e d
y ,
t o v e il th e ir o w n s u pr e m acy b e hi nd t h e r e v e r e nc e s till
i ns pir e d by t h e K halifas in th e ir r e ligi o u s as p e ct as
C o mm and e r s o f t h e F aithfu l I n t h e t e nth c e nt u ry thi s
.
o ff ic e w as h e ld by t h e Dilam ids w h o cl ai me d d e s c e nt ,
fro m t h e an ci e nt P e r s i an ki ng s and w e r e fe rv e n t S h i it e s ’
Th e y r u l e d o v e r W e s t e rn and S ou th e rn Ira n p o s i ng ,
s u pr e m e. Th e p o litic al s u pr e m acy o f t h e Ar ab s in
Iran w as at an e nd .
The I r an i a n s a n d t h e G r e e ks a n d R o m a ns — Th e
hi s t o ric s trife b e tw e e n P e r s i an and Gr e e k is s o fam ili ar
t o u s th at it is hard t o r e ali s e th at t h e o nly po rt io n o f
i
w as pr o b ably no t m u ch b e fo r e t h e e l e v e nth c e nt u ry
o f t he Chris ti an e ra th at M u h am m ad ani s m fi nally
u m i
tri ph e d n th o s e r e gi o ns ‘
To t h e Z o r o as tri an
.
,
h o w e v e r no l e s s th an t o t h e M u h amm ad an B u ddhis m
, ,
.
, ,
in as p e ct I n t h e m o s t anci e nt ti m e s o f which w e h av e
.
an r e c o rd t h e gr e at highw ay fo r th e s e nati o ns s o u th
y ,
h ad th e r e fo r e t o cr o s s t h e b arri e r o f t h e C au c as u s which ,
b o di e s o f m e n lay al o ng t h e fl at s h o r e s o f t h e C as pi an .
Th e C au c as u s s t o p s s h o rt o f th at s e a and o nly o ne s p u r ,
1
EH I , ii
.
4 1 5, a
re .
I N TR O D UC TIO N 1 7
a T u rki s h r ac e fr o m wh at is no w S o u th e r n R u s s i a ,
fr o m t h e o th e r s id e w e m ay m e nti o n th at o ne o f P e t e r ,
w as t o m ak e s u r e o f D arb and .
Th e fir s t hi s t o ric al i nv as i o n by a Turani an r ac e is
th at o f t h e Kim me rians o f H o m e r and H e r o d o t u s t h e ,
o n t h e D ni e s t e r and t h e S e a o f A z o f wh e n c e th e y w e r e ,
driv e n by t h e pr e s s u r e o f ki ndr e d r ac e s wh o m t h e
A s s yri ans c all e d M and a Tr av e r s ing t h e P as s o f Dar .
t h e M e de s B e i ng s till pr e s s e d u p o n fr o m t h e no rth
.
,
th e y m ad e an u ns u cc e s s fu l att e m pt t o i nv ad e A s s yri a
in R C 67 7 and th e n t u r ne d w e s tw ard i nt o A s i a Mi no r ?
.
,
I n t h e w ak e o f t h e Kimm e rian i nv as i o n c am e t h e
c au s e o f it —t h e S ac ae o r S cy thi ans w h o s e e m t o h av e ,
fo rc e d t h e li ne o f t h e Ar as t o h av e o v e rr u n t h e t e rri ,
b e e n kno w n in anci e nt hi s t o ry as M e di a M ag na I t .
s e e m s t o h av e b e e n thi s d o m i nati o n o f t h e S ac ae at
E k b at ana th at h as b e e n r e c o rd e d fo r u s in hi s t o ry as
t h e E m pir e o f t h e M e d e s Th e c o nfu s i o n app e ar s t o .
G DF
1
8 7— 89 In R S M 3 5
,
v. thi arr ng m nt i ai d t ha
. . 2, s a e e s s o ve
b g n in t h r ig n f Y dagi d I I and t h y ng r Th d i
e u e e s o az r . e ou e eo os u s .
Th r d r w ill fi nd
e ea pict r f D rb and (D rb nt ) and it w ll in
e a u e o a e e s a
KA , i 76
. .
2
N S EH, 1 3 8.
3
S HC, 1 24 .
i s
‘
I N TR O D U C TI ON
h av e ari s e n fro m t h e S i mil arity b e tw ee n t h e A s s yri an
w o rd s fo r M e d e s and no m ad s r e s p e ctiv e ly t h e fo r m e r ,
t h e Ky ax are s o f t h e Gr e e k s o v e r t hr e w Nin e v e h 1 Th e
e m pir e o f t h e M and a at E k b at an a—t h e s o c all e d M e di an
.
,
e l ab o r at e d e fe ns iv e w o rk s with which N e b u ch ad ne zz ar ,
ki ng o f El am r e b e ll e d ag ains t his o ve rl o rd I s t u v e gu o f
, ,
h im in t h e fo ll o wing y e ar 2
Cyru s th e n s u bj u g at e d t h e
.
t h e fir s t ti m e in hi s t o ry u nd and
b e c am e kno w n t o He
is s aid t o h av e e xt e nd e d h is c o n qu e s t s t o t h e J ax art e s ,
o n t h e b o rd e r s o f which b e e r e ct e d fo rtr e s s e s t o h o ld
with t h e e xc e pti o n o f Xe no ph o n r e pr e s e nt h im as ,
by H e r o d o tu s is w e ll k no w n
,
4
Cyr u s s e c ond s u cc e s s o r .
’
t h e q u e s ti o n al s o c arri e d t h e w ar i nt o t h e e ne my s
’
th o u gh no t v e ry s u cc e s s fu lly t o av e ng e as H e r o d o tu s , ,
t e ll s u s t h e S cy t hi an i nv as i o ns which pr e c e d e d t h e fall
,
5
o f t h e A s s yri an E m pir e .
1 S H O , 4 84 , 52 0 .
2
I d 4 99
. .
3
DH A , v. 2 2 ; v i. 1 0 3 .
I NT R O D UC TIO N 19
S a s a ni an dynas ty o n t h e thi o n o
p l ac e d t h e n ativ e
D u ri ng th e ir l o ng
w
'
.
_
fro m t h e Hind u Ku s h t o t h e C as pi an w as o v e rr u n
by t h e m . Tw o P arthi an m o narch s in s u cc e s s i o n
Ph raat e s I I and A rt ab anu s II — w e r e d e fe at e d and
. .
b e e n c all e d aft e r o ne o f t h e ir p e o pl e s S ac ae s t an o r ,
S is ta n t h e s t e ad o r h o m e o f t h e S ac ae ( 0 R C
,
. .
t h e V o lg a in t h e fir s t c e nt u ry o f t h e Chri s ti an e ra .
Pr e s s e d u p o n by t h e H u ns w h o h ad d e fe at e d th e m in a ,
gr e at b attl e th e y o v e rr an M e di a and Ar m e ni a s o m e o f
t h e mfi nding th e ir w ay i nt o t h e C au c as u s wh e r e th e ir
, ,
d e s c e nd an t s it is s aid s till e xi s t
,
?
Th e nc e in A D 1 3 3
,
.
,
m o narch o f t h e ti m e .
Th e H u ns w h o h ad b e e n in s tr u m e nt al in pr e cipit ating
,
u p o n t h e o as i s o f S am ark and o r S u h d H e r im
g e .
,
G DE , iii .
31 —
5 3 6
1 , and no e . t 3
Id . iii , 3 12 .
20 I N T R O D UC T IO N
th e y b e c am e k no w n as t heWhite H u ns ; o r to th e
Irani ans w h o c arri e d
, on m any w ar s with th e m ,
as the
H ait alians .
M o u nt ai n in C e ntral A s i a th e y e xt e nd e d th e m s e l v e s
, ,
t h e T u rk s o nly l as t e d ab o u t t w o c e n t u ri e s 1
but the ,
Th e Abba s id s s o o n l e ar ne d t o av ail th e ms e lv e s o f t h e
’
s e rvic e s o f T u rk m an chi e fs in t h e ad m i ni s tr a ti o n o f
r o s e t o p o w e r u nd e r t h e Kh al ifa Ma m u n o nly as , ,
w e h av e s e e n t o m ak e th e m s e lv e s i nd e p e nd e n t u nd e r
,
.
h is d e g e ne r at e s u cc e s s o r s Ab o u t t h e ye ar A D 9 6 1
. . .
a di s p u t e d s u cc e s s i o n o cc u rr e d am o n g t h e S a m a nid s .
tr ou bl o u s a p arty am o ng t h e no bl e s d e cl ar e d in fav o u r
,
r e fe rr e d fo r s e ttl e m e nt t o t h e s a m a nid g o v e r no r o f
Kh u ras an—a m an o f T u rk m an d e s c e nt nam e d A lpt igi n ’
—b u t b e fo r e h is d e ci s i o n arriv e d t h e dis p u t e h ad b e e n
s e ttl e d and M an s ur h ad s u cc e e d e d t o t h e thr o n e .
t wo s h o rt r e i gns t h e tr o o p s e l e ct e d S u b u k t igin t o b e
'
th e ir chi e f H e w as a Tu rk m an h ad b e e n b r o u ght u p
.
,
1
G DF, ,
v. 1 75
I N TR O DUC TIO N 2 1
it O n thi s t h e Am ir N u h I I hi m s e lf app e al e d fo r
. .
M ah m ud wh o h ad gr e atly di s ti ngu is h e d hi ms e lf th at
, ,
o f S aifu d D au l a o r S w o rd o f t h e S t at e as w e ll as
’
-
, ,
, , , ,
i
t o s u c c e e d h im M ah m ud s e e m s t o h av e b e h av e d w e ll
‘
.
,
N as r s u pp o rte d M ah m ud
,
S h o rtly aft e rw ard s t h e .
as s u m e d t h e s o v e r e ig nty an e v e nt which is d u ly ,
no t e d o n his c o ins by t h e pr e fix o f A m ir t o h is o wn
titl e s and t h e o m i s s i o n o f t h e name o f t h e S a m a nid
,
o v e rl o rd which pr e vi o u s ly h ad b e e n r e t ai ne d by t h e
r u l e r s o f Gh az ni 1
M ah m u d w as th e n tw e n ty e ight
.
-
1
E HI , ii .
4 79 .
I N TR O D UC T IO N
r e ligi ou s fanatic is w e ll k no w n H is d om inati o n e x .
te nd e d fr om t h e P u nj ab t o t h e Tigri s and fr o m ,
B u khara t o t h e I ndi an O c e an H e h as h o w e v e r.
, ,
ano th e r cl ai m u p o n o u r m e m o ri e s H is nam e w as .
t o b e c o m e fo r e v e r as s o ci at e d with th at o f t h e p o e t
o f t h e S ha h nam a w h o h ad d e s p air e d in th o s e tr o u bl o u s
ti me s o f o bt aining any ad e q u at e r oy al p atr o nag e fo r
h is l o ng fo r m e d d e s ign o f m o u ldi ng i nt o s o ng t h e e pic
hi s t o ry o f h is l an d and p e o pl e I t w as a m o m e nt o f .
w e lfar e o f Ira n at h e ar t Th e Ar ab y o k e h ad b e e n
.
s h ak e n o ff P e r s i an w as r e vivi ng in t h e lit e r at u r e o ld
, ,
w as S h i it e and t h e o th e r h lf S u nnit e l
b u t s av e fo r
’
a ,
th at it s e e m e d a s tr o k e o f fair fo rt u ne th at m ad e t h e
gr e at ki ng and t h e gr e at p o e t c o nt e m p o r ari e s .
1
Th e T rkm n l m nt w tr ngl y S nnit
u a e e e as s o u e. Pe ri s a did no t
b e c o me th r ghl y S hi it till t h ixt nth c nt ry
o ou
’
e e s ee e u . N S EK , 10 1.
24 I N TR O D UC T IO N
it pr e s e rv e s s o m e e xtr act s and is it s e lf t h e b as is o f ,
d at e s ab o u t A D 1 4 8 6 is in D au l at S hah s L ive s o f
. .
,
’
“
Fe rdo u cy in t h e Biogr aphie U nivers elle B o th are .
u s e d by M o hl in t h e pr e fac e t o h is e diti o n o f t h e t e xt
m ythic al d e t ail s .
Le t u s fir s t c o nfi ne o u r s e lv e s t o t h e s t at e me nt s in
t h e p o e t s u nd o u bt e d writi ngs and t o l e giti m at e de du c
’
w e g ath e r th at h e w as b o r n ab ou t A D 9 4 1
, We . . .
e nd e d o n t h e 1 4 th day o f th at m o nth in t h e y e ar
s ay s :
Wh e n o ne and s e v e n ty y e ars h ad p as s e d me by
Th e h e av e ns bw
o ed down bfr e o e m y po e t ry .
l
, ,
-
Th e p oe t w as a M u h amm ad an o f t h e S hi it e s e ct
’
.
2
lu de .
1
C , 20 9 5 .
2
In thi s vo u m e l 7.
IN TR O D U C TIO N 2 5
M o r e o v e r h e w as no t a
, s trict M u h amm ad an
t h e m att e r o f wi ne dri nking : -
Th e tim lici wi n i n w
e t o qu afi de
'
o us e s o ,
F m ky c nt br th fr m t h m nt i n b r
or us s e s ea e o e ou a -
ow,
Th i nd t h and
e a r re so u rth tr il th e ea av a e ,
A nd bl t i h wh h rt dr i nk gl dd n t h
es s e os e ea a e e ,
H th t h t h w i n
e nd m n y b r
a a d nd w t e a o e ,
ea a s ee s,
A nd n b h d cah p t m k h im m t e ea a s ee o a e ea s .
Th h n t I Wh h th th m w ll i h
es e av e o . o a e e s e .
An d a ang i
Br i ng tu lip ti nt e d w i ne 0 hi mi H as
’
-
Fro m j ar th at ne e r ne d r pl ni hi ng
s v e e e s .
Why s ee k I w h m d f t ixty th r o a ea a s -
ee
Th e w rl d gr c nd b r nc I
o
’
s a e a o se va e 2
He s o on a ft e r h as a fit of r e p e nt anc e
O ld man wh o e y e r amou nt t o s ixty three s a s -
p as s ag e s s u gge s t th at c o ncl u s i o n
A clh th ri n nd t h m n b c r d
ou d a se a e oo
’
s o s u e ,
Fr m th t d rk cl d h w r f milk i p r d
o a a ou a s o e o s ou e ,
N r i r pl i n
o ve pl nd n I py a or u a ca s ,
Th r n pl m l t g in t th ky
’
e av e s u es are os a a s e s ,
In n onc i ng tr m g ppl f ll
e u e as s ea e o
-
a es a
Wh t i high ha n p p
s in it ll ? e av e
’
s u r os e a
N fi O w d lt d m t b rl y gr i n
re -
oo sa e ea or a e -
a
A l ft m n ght till h r t c m g in
re e e, au a ves o e a a
A m i d thi gl m thi d y f t s nd f r oo ,
s a o ax a ea ,
Wh n rth with n w i l ik n i ry ph r
e ea s o s e a vo s e e,
A ll m i n fl i in rth r w will nd ’
e a a rs ov e o e
U nl my h nd i gr p d by m g d f ri nd
e ss a s as e so e oo e .
1
V , 1 63 0 .
2
C , 14 57 .
3
Id . 14 60 .
4
Id .
, 14 87 . R ead n i g l t li n with P
as e .
26 IN TR O D UC TIO N
A nd g i
a an
Th eh il thi y r lik d th n m h th c m
a s ea e ea o e a o e
Th gh d th it l f w r b tt r th n t h h il ;
ou ea se e e e e a e a
A nd h l fty f xt ndi ng d m ’
n ea v e s o ar e e o e
H th c d my f l h p nd w h t t f il
a au s e ue S ee a ea o a .
1
In so me
v e r s e s c o m pl aining o f t h e advanc e o f o ld age
, ,
, ,
w hich h e s e e m s t o h av e h ad ab o u t th at ti m e h ad a ,
S i nc e I t k
ight
oo u
p t h e cu
p of fi ft y e -
Th bi r nd gr
e n ghte c nt mpl t
a av e , au e ls e , I o e a e.
Th l ci d y m k c nt d r t !
ose us ou s a s, us -
s e e ,
os e a e 2
At the a e of s
g ixty -
fiv e he lo s t his s on :
At s ixty -
fi ve t is il l t o
’
cat ch at lf
pe .
Oh
'
le t me read that l e ss on to my lf se
A nd mu s e u po n t h e pass n i g of my s on .
My t rn it
u w as t o go y e t he h th g
a one .
Wh e n h e d i ta t
s s e d of the wo rl d and fl e d .
He h rri u ed o f
f a o ne l . I ty
s a ed to see
Th e tc
ou o me of my lb ra ou s 3 .
’
I n t he y e ar fo ll o wing h is s o n s d e ath he s p e aks of
hi m s e lf as b e ing mu ch br o k e n
Whil e th re e s core y e ars and fi v e we re pas s i ng by ,
L ik e S pr i ng w i nds o e r t h e de se rt po v e rty
-
’
,
A nd t il W r
o e e in m e next y r lik e ea o ne b e mu s e d
‘
I le an
ed u p n a taff
o s ,
my h nd r f a s e u se d
1
C , 20 89 .
2
V , 680 .
IN TR O D UC TIO N 27
The re i n
ch k gr w m n lik p l my b rd
,
my ee s e oo -
e a e, ea
L t it bl ck h
os nd c mph r lik
s pp r d a ue a a o -
e a ea e ,
M in pright t t r b nt g c m n
e u s a u e e as a e a e o
A nd l l t h l tr f min
a y w gn e us e o e e es as o e .
1
H e ne v e r p e ak s o f hi ms e lf as h aving any pr o fe s s i on
s
or o fli c ial p o s i t i o n b u t if w e m a h az ard a c o nj e ct u r e it is
y ,
th at h e o r his s o n o r b o th w e r e e d u c at e d fo r t h e offic e o f
Scribe H e p u t s t h e fo ll o wi ng gl o rific ati o n o f th at pro
.
A nd th w l d t h thy t il b r fr it
,
as ou ou es av e o s ea u ,
G r dg n t i n tr ct r t h im f thi
u e o t s u o s o , or s ar
"
Will bri ng y th b f r t h th r n nd m k a ou e o e e o e a a e
Th nd r i ng f rt n f
e u rit
es e v o u e s
’
av o u e.
O f ll pr f i n t i th m t t m d ’
a o e ss o s s e os es ee e
A r dy cr ib w h i
ea m n fr d
s e o s a a o e e
I b nd t it n in t h r y l pr nc
’
s ou o S e e e o a es e e
A n d if h b m n f dilig nc
,
e e a a o e e,
Will h nc nt d t r r fr m t h S h ah
av e u ou e e as u e o e ,
U h i nd
se r t b m r c nci
s e e av o u s o e o e o se
A nd p t h i m tt r m r u ttr cti ly s a e o e a a ve .
Th crib h th n d t b m n f w i d m
e s e a ee o e a a o s o
,
O f m ch nd r nc u nd g d m m ry
e u a e a oo e o ,
A m n f t ct cc t m d t C urt w y
a o a , a us o e o o -
a s,
A h ly m n w h
o t ng i m t f il a os e o ue s u e or e v ,
A m n f k n wl dg p ti nc tr thf l n
a o o e e, a e e, u u e s s,
A m n right tr ty pi
a nd w ll f rd us o us a e -
av o u e .
I f th end w d h c m th t t h S h a
us o h e e o e o e
H c nn t ch
e a b t it b f r t h th r n
o o o se u S e o e e o e 3 .
H o w e v e r thi s m ay b e fr o m t h e ti m e wh e n h e b e ,
1 2 74 .
2
p t l pr nt thi S hah b ing highl y i ndig n nt wh
Th e oe a so re e se s s as . e a en
a w lth y c rdw i n r in r t rn f
ea o l b l r ic nt ra t e , e u o r v a ua e se v es , ve u es o as k
as a f r th t h i n m y b m d crib C 778
-
av o u
‘
a s so a e a e a s e. , 1 .
3
C , 1 676.
28 I N TR O D UC TIO N
p R e fe rri ng t he c o mpl e ti o n
'
se lf to t ry
oe . to of t he
S h ah nam a h e sa s y
My lif fr m y th t ld h th n it c r
e o ou o e a ru s ou s e
'
In h ri ng th r nd m i n wn di c r
ea o e a e o s ou s e 1 .
on t he S h a h nam a H e t e ll s u s in a p as s ag e th at will
.
b e q u o t e d l at e r o n th at h e s p e nt thirty fi v e y e ar s o n -
th at p o e m t e ab o u t thirty fo u r ye ars as w e r e ck o n
, . .
-
.
2
h ad b e e n e m b o di e d in b o o k fo r m and t h e id e a o f -
t u r ni ng the m i nt o v e rs e h ad s u gge s t e d it s e lf t o t h e
p o e t Dak ik i a yo u ng m an o f brilli ant p art s b u t o f
,
’
o f h is o w n s l av e s Dak ik i h ad o nly j u s t b e gu n his .
gr e at t as k wh e n h e w as c u t o ff b u t Fird au s i ad mit s ,
h is pri o rity
A lth gh h nly r hy m d t h ri t m it
ou e o e e ve es e
O n th e nd c pl t f ll f f t nd fi ght
o u sa ou e s u o e as a
H w e my pi n r nd h
as ln o ee a e a o e
I n th t h t t h S h ah
a p n t h
e seth r n e s u o e o e .
Fr m n bl h n r nd m l m nt
o o es o ou a e o u e
H dh a h i tr bl w
e hi w n ill b nt
s ou e as s o e .
T i ng t h pr i f t h king w h i
o S e a s es o e s as s
A nd cr wn t h pr i nco with hi l gi e es s eu o e s .1
Dak ik i see ms
h av e di e d ab o u t A D 9 7 6 fo r to . .
,
F irdau s i t o o k u p t h e w o rk and it e m pl oy e d h im fo r
t h e ne xt thirty fo u r y e ar s as w e r e ck o n At fir s t h e
-
.
o n in t h e pr e s e n t ch apt e r H e m ad e c o u n tl e s s in .
~
h e s h o u ld no t live t o c o m pl e t e his u nd e rt ak i ng He .
1
C ,
20 96 .
2
S ee P rl e u de , 8 .
4
V , 1 555 .
I N TR O D UC TI O N 29
al s o fe re
su f d fr o m l ack o f p atr onage and e nc o u r age me nt. .
Th e ti m e s w e r e tr o u bl o u s and m e n s m i nd s w e r e o th e r
’
o cc u pi e d At l e ngth b o th t h e ne e dful m at e ri al s
.
1
m an . Th e l att e r h e fo u nd s o m e wh at l at e r in t h e
p e r s on o f Abu M ans ur b in M u h amm ad pr o b ably a ,
This w e m ay v e nt u r e t o as s u m e w as o ne o f t h e
,
.
h appi e s t e p o ch s in t h e p o e t s life H e w as in t h e ’
fir s t fl u s h o f a gr e at and e nd u ri ng e nth u s i as m ; t h e
m e ans o f gr atifying it w e r e in h is p o s s e s s io n ; h e h e ld
t h e fi e ld and his m at e ri al fu t u r e s e e m e d as s u r e d : his
,
po e t w as o ve rwh e l m e d fo r a ti m e b u t h e p e r s e v e r e d ,
and k e pt in m i nd h is p at r o n s c ou ns e l th at t h e B o o k o f
’
o f Ch a lands h an t o wh o m in A D 9 9 9 h e d e dic at e d a
,
. .
e it h e r by Ah m ad hi m s e lf o r by Ah m ad s s o n
’
Thi s .
3
p as s ag e is no t in o u r pri nt e d t e xt s Th e p o e t h o w .
,
e ve r ,
h ad ne v e r fo rgo tt e n t h e advic e o f h is fo r m e r
p atr o n t h e b e l o ve d Abu M ans ur and in t h i s s am e y e ar
, ,
dynas ty di e d and M ah m ud b e c am e s u pr e m e in E as t e r n
Iran H e nc e fo rth it w as t o M ah mud th at t he p o e t
.
1
P rl e u de , 10 .
2
Id . 1 1 .
3
N IN , 23, 24 .
30 I N TR O D UC T IO N
no t
s o ne t r ne d t o g ai n I t
un u I f ad ul ati o n c o u ld .
Th e r e ad e r will fi nd a s p e ci m e n in t h e pr e s e nt
1
v o l u me. E l se wh e r e in ano th e r e l ab o r at e p ane gyric
he
G od bl t h S h ah t h prid f cr wn nd thr
e ss e ,
e e o o a o ne
A nd ig n t ri ng bl
S h im wh etr r i gr -
O f m j ty i h ight n d by hi n m
a es s e e e s a e.
O
’
e r all world o n c arpe t h ath b e e n pl ac e d
t he e
H is t k e n n v ermore to b e e fface d
o e
'
A nd it on c hi n nd t
are a us o a a s ea
F F l n f A h m d m n r pl t
or az ,
so o a ,
a a e e e
N S h ah b f r h d
o ch m i ni t r e o e a su a s e .
I n h i h nd i t h p c
s a f ll t h tt s s e ea e o a e s a e
F h i g d nd chi f f ll t h g r t
or e s oo a e o a e ea ,
Fr nk p k n with cl n h nd nd i ngl h rt ;
a -
s o e , ea a s a S e ea
T r G d nd h i
o se ve r ign i hi p rt
o a s s ov e e s s a .
My f xt ndi ng l b r r ch d it nd
ar e -
e a ou ea e s e .
I f r m d thi a t ry f t h d y f y r
e s s o o e a s o o e,
S l ct d fr m t h b k f m n f l r
e e e o e oo o e o o e,
Th t it in mi n ld g m ight yi l d m fr it
a e o a e e e u ,
Gi m
ve cr wn di nar nd high r p t
e a o s a e u e,
B t u w n b
sa nt w ldl d th r w
o n n ou eo u s or or e e as o e
Wh dd d t t h l tr f t h th r n
o a e o e us e o e o e.
I w it d fa p tr n p ti ntly
e or a a o a e
O n wh e m nifi n r q i r d n k y
os e u ce ce e u e o e .
Wh e n I ight nd wh n in tr th
w as fi fty -
e ,
a e u
I till f lt y ng th gh I h d l t m y y th
s e ou ou a os ou ,
A pr cl m ti n r ch d m i n
o a t l t
a o ea e e c ars a as
Wh r t c r g d nd ll my tr bl p d
e ea a e a e a a ou es aS S
’
.
It n ra Y m n f n m w h l ng t fi nd e e o a e o o o
S m tr c
o f F ri dun till l ft b hi nd
e a e o a s e e
S br ight l d F ridun li g in
ee -
s ou e a a ve a a
With rth nd ti m f b nd l
ea H h th ta
a e or o s av e s . e a
’
en
1
Pe rl u de , 5 12 .
3: IN T RO D UC TIO N
l e anings fo r h e ch ange d t h e o ffici al l ang u ag e fo r s t at e
,
s u cc e s s o r Ah m ad H as an M aim andf r e t u r ne d t o t h e o ld
, ,
’
arr ang e m e nt At t h e ti me wh e n t h e p o e t wr o t e t h e
.
ab o v e p as s ag e Abu l Abba s F az l m u s t h av e b e e n at
’ ’
t h e h e ight o f h is p o w e r s ay ab o u t A D 1 0 0 6 We are ,
. . .
t o ld o n t h e au th o rity o f Al U t b i th at h e w as o ne o f ’
t h e m o s t c e l e br at e d o f b o o k s t u d e nt s and Al U t b i
’
-
, ,
2
w h o w as M ah m ud s s e cr e t ary o u ght t o h av e k no w n
’
.
,
’
Abba s F az l h ad giv e n t h e p o e t e nc o u r age m e nt and ,
t h at t h e l att e r l oo k e d t o h im t o s e c u r e a fitti ng re
c e t io n by M ah m ud o f t h e p o e m wh e n fi ni s h e d Th e
p .
p o e t s id e a s e e m s t o h av e b e e n th at t h e S h ah nama
’
w as t o b e r e g ard e d as M ah m ud s m e m o ri al whil e t h e
’
pr o fit s o f h is gr e at w o rk w e r e t o b e d e vo t e d t o s o me
s p e ci al o bj e ct which w as t o b e r e g ard e d as h is o w n
m e m o ri al
O f all t h e thi ngs th at arn o r monar ch prai e
’
e u s s ,
A nd I h pi ng t li t till I
am o o ve oo
R c i h i g l d th t w h n I c m t di
e e ve s o a e o e o e
I t m y l
oo my m n m n t w ith thi ng
a e av e o u e s
Dr wn f r m t h tr
a ry f t h ki ng f ki ng
o e eas u o e o s ?
If t h e
de e m e d t o di s app o i nt me nt I n t h e m e anti m e w e h av e .
a l am e n t ati o n o v e r h o p e s d e fe rr e d r o y al ne gl e ct wh ich ,
activ e o pp o s iti o n
S i ti me t e n th o u s and c o u pl e ts th e re w ill b e
x s
We ll o de re d—b ani s h e rs o f m i s e ry
r .
I n v ai n as y e t in any Pe rs i an b o o k ,
1
N IN , 2 5, no e t .
2
KU R , 3 96 .
3
V , 1 73 0 .
I N T R O D UC T IO N 33
Th t a o ne —b
ki ng nd f ch w rth
a o u n e ou s t a o su o
A nd l tr mid t h m n rch
us e f th rth e o a s o e ea
S h l d di r g rd th
ou hi t ri i d
s e a e se s o es s ue
T l nd r r
o s a nd m i n ill f r t n t
e e s a e o u e oo .
Th y h m lig n d my w rk my m rk ti ng
e av e a e o ,
a e
I p il d th r gh l ck f f
s s o e r with t h ki ng
ou a o avou e ,
B t wh n t h r y l w rr i r h ll r d
u e e o a a o S a ea
M y pl nt hi t ri
e as aw ith ll g d h d s o es a oo ee
I h ll b gl dd n d by h i tr
s a e r hra e e s e as u es e e,
A nd m y n f m n ill pp r ch h im n r
a o oe a
’
s a oa ea .
M y b k m y th n r c ll m t h i m i nd
oo a e e a e o s
A nd I t h f r it g f my l b r fi nd
e u a e o a ou s .
B h i t h cr wn nd th r n whil ti m
e s e o h ll a o e e e S a r u n,
A nd m y h i d ti n y ut hi n t h
a s n es o s e e su .
1
Wh t b t th y ? S n thy r l w il l p
a oo e wy oo u e as s a a .
Bl t i t h pi
es s m ndic nt nd wi
e ou s e a a s e,
Wh r ft f l t h w rl d r gh pl ntri
os e e a s o ee e o
’
s ou e as a es,
F wh n h p
or th h w ill l
e b hi nd
e as s e e e av e e
A g dn m oo nd g d c ncl i n fi nd
a e a a oo o us o .
H i p r ti n i in H
s o n nd in G d
o sight e ave a o
’
s s
H w ill h
e h n r S ch i n t my pli ght
av e o ou . u s o
Wh m in wr tch d c
o a c l mit e e as e , a a ous ,
With l l th t I p a nt H ll w rd th
a oss ess s e e a us
B y nd r c ll
e o N h p in He a n I o o e e av e se e,
M y h nd i a i d b th w rld h r i n d m 1
s vo ,
o o s ave u e e
2
n o t o nly in r e s p e ct t o his o w n ti m e s b u t e v e n t o
M ah m ud hi ms e lf Th e e xpr e s s i o n o f th e m is pu t int o
.
t h e m o u th s o f s o m e o f h is ch ar act e r s b u t t h e prO ph e ,
A ti me c o m ng w h e n t he wor l d will h a e
13 i v
A ki ng th at is de o i d o f u nde r tandi ng v s ,
A ki ng wh o s gl m y s pi r it w ill wo rk w e
e oo o
1
C , 1 99 3 ,
2
Id . 1 58 7 .
34 I N TR O D UC T IO N
A nd g d will n r b f nd m ng hi tr a r
oo
’
e e e ou a o s e su e s
He w ill b r g th ri ng fr h h t
e e ve a e es os s
T w in h i cr wn n w f m b t in t h
o s nd o e a e u e e
Thi m n rch nd hi h t w il l p w y
s o a a s os s as s a a ,
A nd th r w ill b ch ng f dyn ty
e e e a a e o as .
1
A nd g i
a a n
Will t u r n t o fli nt s i r w ill b e fo e t o s o n ,
e
’
The s e p as s age s in Pr o fe s s o r N Olde k e s o pini o n
,
’
e nd o f t h e p o e m and is
pu t int o t h e m o u th o f t h e
,
c o mm and e r o f t h e P e rs i an h o s t j u s t b e fo r e t h e fat al
b attl e o f Kadis iy y a A D 6 3 7 ,
. . .
’
At l e ngth t h e gr e at w o rk is fi ni s h e d b u t t he p o e t s ,
mo o d is s till o ne o f d e s p o nd e nc e
Wh e n fi v e ixty y r h d p d m by
and s ea s a as s e e
I i w d my w k with m r
v e e n xi ty or o e a e ,
B t u m y y rn i n g t
as chi it gr w ea o a e ve e
M y f rt n t r r c d d fr m my i w’
o u e s s a e e e o v e .
G r t m n nd l
ea néd P r i n h d f
e a m e ar e s a s a or e
M y w r k ll c pi d
o t gr t it
a ly o e ou a u ou s
Whil I t l ki ng n nd th h d t i d
e sa oo o ,
a ou a s sa
Th t I w t ili ng f my d ily br d
a as o or a ea .
N ght b t th i r pr i h d I f my p r t
au u e a ses a or a
A nd w hil th y pr i d I h d b r k n h r t
,
e e a se , a a o e ea .
Th m th e f th i r ld m n y b g w r ti d
ou s o e o o e -
a s e e e ,
1
C , 1 2 94 .
2
Id . 2 0 64 .
3
N IN , 26 .
I N TR O D UC TIO N 35
Wh e re at mi ne arde nt h rt w
ea as mo r tifi e d.
’
A li D il am and
’
b u Da l f th
a ese t wo
He lp b r m i n nd rt ki ng th r
ed me to ea e u e a o
’
Th rd nt l my f ll w t wn m n th y
e se a e s ou s , e o o s e , e
W r ki nd nd p d my w rk in
e e ry w y
a s e o eve a .
H iy a n f K t ib
’
so P i nh o u , a e rs a e,
W l d n t t k f r m m nd withh l d my f
ou o a e o e a o e e,
B t f rni h d g l d nd il r cl th
u u s nd m t
e o a s ve ,
o es a ea
Fr m h im I g t i ncit m nt wi ng nd f t
o o e e ,
s a ee .
T x ti n r t nd br nch I k n w n t I
a a o ,
oo a a ,
o o ,
L 11 n my q ilt t
0 o Wh n n ty u a c ase . e se v e
A nd n y r f my lif h d p
o e d m by
ea s o e a as s e e
Th h en b w d d wn b f r m y
e av e
p tr y
s o e o e o e oe .
F fior nd thi r ty y
ve a r I b r m ch p i n ea s o e u a
H r in thi W y i d I nn in h p
e e f g in
s a s e o e o a ,
B t ll t h fi
u a nd thi r ty y r th p t
e ve a ea s us as
N ght h lp d m n g my tr il t th bl t
au e e e ave av a o e as ,
A nd my h p t h gn f rm r
o es oo ave o e o r e ve o e
N w th t m i n g h th l m t r ch d f r c r
o a e a e a a os ea e ou s o e .
Fo r r lu s ty b M ah mud t he ki ng
eve e ,
H is h ar t s till gl ad h is h e ad s till fl ou r i s hi ng
e , .
H im b th in p blic and in pr i at e I
o u v
Fo r e v r m ay h e li
e thi s prudent ki ng ve, ,
I h av e b qu e ath e d a h is m mo ri al
e s e
Thi b k s oo ,
s ix ti m es t en th o u s and li n es in all 1 .
Th e r e th e r r e fe r e nc e s b y t h e p o e t t o h is w o rk
are o
and his h o p e s c o nc e r ni ng it b u t it is b e li e v e d th at t h e ,
m o s t i m p o rt ant p as s ag e s h av e no w b e e n s e t fo rth If
‘
th e n w e h ad no o th e r s o u rc e s o f i nfo r m atio n th an
th e s e wh at s h o u ld w e g ath e r fr o m th e m ? Th at t h e
o e t m t h e pri m e o f life s u cc e e d e d t o t h e w o rk and
p
m at e ri al s o f Dak ik i and l ab o u r e d at his t as k fo r m any
,
th at h e r e c e ive d s o m e e nc o u r ag e me nt if no t fr o m t h e
S u ltan hi ms e lf at l e as t fr o m Abu l Abb as F az l t h e
’ ’
1 0 1 0 ; th at fo r s o m e y e ar s b e fo r e th at d at e th e r e h ad
N o w if we s e e k t o l o o k fu rth e r i nt o t he c au s e s o f
Firdau s i s di s app o in t m e nt w e h av e at h and a pl au s ibl e
’
ab o u t t h e ti m e wh e n t h e S h a h nam a w as c o mpl e t e d
M ah m ud s chi e f m i ni s t e r Abu l Abba s F az l fe ll i nt o
’ ’ ’
, ,
di s gr ac e H e h ad o nc e b e e n in t h e s e rvic e o f t h e
.
S a m a nid s b u t wh e n M ah m ud b e c am e go v e r no r o f
,
’
s e rvic e s o f Abu l Abbas o n b e h alf o f his s o n A c
’
.
e b e c ame t h e s t e w ard o f M ah m ud s h o u s e
’
c o rdin l h
gy
h o ld at N is hapur and aft e r M ah m ud s acc e s s i on
, ,
’
s t at e d t o h av e b e e n s o o ppr e s s iv e th at Kh u ra s a n w as
r e s ig n . I n A D 1 0 1 1 aft e r l o ng n e g o ti ati o ns t h e
. .
, ,
S u lta n e nr ag e d at h is c o nd u ct i m p o s e d a fi ne o f
, ,
INT RO D UC TIO N 37
H is e ne m i e s av ail e d th e m s e lv e s o f h is di s gr ac e and
‘
’
o f t h e S u lta n s di s pl e as u r e and ab s e nc e o n o ne o f h is
nu m e r o u s c am p aigns t o h av e t h e fall e n mi ni s t e r d o ne
,
t o d e ath in A D 1 0 1 . .
Th e s u gge s ti o n th e n is th at t h e p o e t l o s t h is ch anc e
o win g t o t h e tr o u bl e s in which t h e m i ni s t e r b e c ame
i nv o lv e d j u s t ab o u t t h e ti m e wh e n t h e S h ah nam a
w o u ld b e r e ady fo r pr e s e nt ati o n t o M ahm ud ; and
wh e n w e pictu r e t o o u r s e lv e s t h e r e m o r s e l e s s i ntrig u e s
o f an O ri e nt al c o u rt intrig u e s s ticking at no atr o city
and s hri nking fr o m no m e anne s s —w e c an w e ll i m agine
-
tr e at me nt h e h ad u nd e rg o ne o r s marti ng u nd e r t h e ,
acc o rd ing t o Ni z a m i —
,
o n S u lta n M ah m ud o f which ,
i ,
d ay s Th e y ru n as fo llo w s
.
Th t l i f I h ll p k f it i mpli
a ove , s a s ea o ,
es
Fi c r M h mud f m t p tr ni
ve s o e a s or e o a o se.
Th l gi rl br t i b t w rthl thi ng
e s av e -
’
s a s u a o e ss
A lth gh it f th r c m t b ki ng
ou s a e a e o e a .
H d t h S h ah t rn f g dn h wn
’
a e er e a u or oo ess s o
H w ld h
e ou t d m p n t h th r n
av e s ea e e u o e o e.
B c h i ki ndr d i
e au s e fm n t t
s e s o ea es a e
H c nn t b r t h r b t t h gr t
e a o ea o ea a ou e ea .
2
In th e xt ant v e r s i on o f t h e S atir e th at w e fo ll o w
e ,
which c o ns i s t s o f 1 0 2 c ou pl e t s t h e ab o v e c ou pl e ts ,
1
K U R, 3 9 6 . Cf . to o E H I , ii .
4 86 ; iv . 14 8 .
2
C , 63 .
38 I N TR O D UC TIO N
app e ar no t in thi s o rd e r but
p ar at e ly as t h e 1 1 t h
se ,
e xt an t v e r s i o n o f t h e S atir e We l e ar n fr o m th e m
.
Th e p o e t fo r h is p art d e v e l o p s t h e o ld t au nt o f t h e
s l av e w h o b e c am e a S hah If no w w e t u r n t o t h e
.
s e e n s o m e s e v e n t e e n m il es N N W o f M as h ad He
. . . .
t e ll s u s th at h e Sp e nt thirty y e ar s o v e r t h e S h ah nam a ,
th at it w as pr e s e nt e d t o M ah m ud w h o h ad pr o mi s e d ,
littl e m o r e th an o ne — s e v e nth o f wh at h e e xp e ct e d
and th at h e p u blicly g av e aw ay t h e wh o l e o f it t o a
s tr e e t s h e rb e t s e ll e r in p ay m e nt fo r a dri nk
-
He al s o .
i nfo r ms u s th at M ah m ud thr e at e ne d t o h av e h im
tr am pl e d t o d e ath by e l e ph ant s and h e e nd s by ,
c u r s ing t h e S u ltan .
We no w p ass o n t o wh at Ni z ami h as to t e ll u s
m o r e th an a h u ndr e d y e ar s aft e r t h e d e ath o f t h e
p oe t.
tric t s o r s u b u rb s o f t h e city
,
H e w as a m an o f .
S A TI RE O N S U LTA N M A H M uD .
hh h
H o S a M a mud w h o as as v h t ict t o r ro d
Th e mes ! cli if
man th f
ou t f
e ar es n o t e ar G o d,
Fo r th
e re w e r e m an y hh
S a s e re th
ou h ads r t bi th
ch
Wh o all we re c row néd monar s o f th e e ar th
th i t
A nd all o f e m pre e m ne n o e r t e e
’
h -
I n tr r h t th r n cr wn nd dignity
e as u e , os ,
o e, o ,
a .
Th y did n t th t w n t g d nd right
e o ac a as o oo a ,
W nt n t b t t wi ndl nd t pit
e o a ou o s e a o s e,
D lt with th i r
ea bj ct j tly nd w r n ght e su e s us a e e au
I f n t G d w r hi pp r
o o Th y nly ght ’
s o s e s . e o so u
Fr m ti m
o n h n r d n m nd th t g i n
e a o ou e a e a us o a
A n h n r d nd b t ll g d f lk di d i n
o ou e e u a oo o s a
S h ah th t b nd in filthy l c ch i n
s a are ou u re s
’
a .
Wh t th gh t h ki ng h i p f t h w rl d i thi n
a ou e s o e o s e,
D t k w h t b t th
os as whi rli ng w rd f mi n a oo ese o s o e
Th h t n t n my h rt in it fi rc m d
ou as o se e ea s e e oo ,
Th r ck t n t f my w rd drip w ith bl d
ou e
’
s o o s o a -
oo
B t t m t m f ithl
u er h r tic ’
s I m e a e s s, e e a
A li n nd th o c ll t m
,
a m ou a es e a ra
Y n rib l d h th gr wn l d m n fl ng t m ”
o a a o o ,
e u a e
In l t w rd th Pr ph t nd A li ’ ”
ov e o a e o e a .
B t i th
u t ll m thi n il r y t
s ere , e e s, o e v e e
Th n h wh h r t g i n t A li i t ?
a e os e ea a a s
’
s se
Th t w I r till R rr cti n m rn
e se o s e ve esu e o -
o
E n if t h S h ah h l d h my b dy t n
’
e e s ou av e o or
A su nd r I w ill le th t w ki ng th gh
. ov e ese o s ou
Th S h ah w rd b b my h d b l w
’
e s s o e a ov e , ea e o .
I r t h Pr ph t l
s e ve th d t re r o e
’
s s av e s , e us eve e
U p n H i m n d t ry
o f t N f rs a a a
’
s
1
oo . o ea
H I f r ll thy th r t Th h lt b bray ea s ou s a e ed
'
av e o a
By l ph nte e nd h thy b dy m d
a s a av e o a e
A r i r N il f mi n nlight n d m i nd
”
ve e, or e e e e
Pl c f t h l f th tw l h ll fi nd a
u
a e or e ove o es e o so s s
1 ’
A li .
UC TION I N TR O D
Withi n my h rt Wh t S i d t h i n pi r d L rd ea a a e s e o
w n w rd
’
a n o e av e s o o
I m t h C ity f t h D ctri n h
a e o e o e, e
Th t i t h g t w y t it i A li
a s e a e a o s
’
.
”
1 witn th t H i h rt i in th t w d
es s a s ea s a or I
A th gh th n m y t y Hi ic I h rd ’
s ou as e a s sa ,
s vo e ea .
,
I f th h t m i nd nd w it nd r d t h nd
ou as a a e e o a
By Pr ph t nd A li tak
o e p thy t nd
a
’
e u s a .
I f ill r lt t th mi n i t h br ch
e su o ee e s e ea
Th i it nd I pr cti wh t I pr ch
us s ,
a a se a ea .
Th h I d n fr m bi rt h th will I di
us av e o e o ,
us e
Th d t p n t h L i n
e us u f t mI
o e o
’
s 1 oo a .
Wh t th r y n m k n di ff r nc
a o e s sa ca a e o e e e
T m
o I n
e r p k b t in thi n eve s ea u s se se ,
A nd if t h S h ah d pt n th r tr i n
e a o a o e s a
H i wi d m w igh th n t n b rl y gr i n
s s o e e o o e a e -
a .
Wh n G d h ll t t h Pr ph t nd A li
e o s a se e o e a
’
O n r y l th r n I if my p try
o a o es ,
oe
C m fr m my l
a e o t th m h ll in t h o veki o e ,
s a e S es
Whil r th r m i n th it will h it l rd
e ea e a e av e s o s,
A nd l l th t w r t h c r wn h ll h r th
a a ea w rd e o s a ea es e o s
Fi rd i I f Tu y r f ri nd di cl i m
au s -
o s ou e ,
s a
M h mud
a p t r n
as I wr t in at h n m
o . o e e a e
O f t h Pr ph t nd A li f th i r
e o e k I
a
’
or e sa e
H av e p i r c d e m n y g
e m f f n
so t y a e s o a as .
”
S l ng o o th r w n Fi rd i h r
as e e as o au s e e
Th f rt n
e o f thi w rl d f
u e o r w r s o o ou s as s e e ,
Y t n thi t l
e o f mi n th
s w ld t n t l k
a e o e ou ou s o oo
M i l d by n w h
s e ilifi d my b k
o e o v e oo ,
B t m y ll th
u a a th t ilifi d my tr i n o se a v e s a
E x p ct re l i ng h n h lp in i n
e vo v e av e
’
s e va .
Th t r i f t h
ese s o ign f ld
es o e s ov e re s o o
H d I in mi n
a w n ch rmi ng l ng e o g t ld a a ua e o ,
A nd wh n my y r h d l m t r ch d f r c r
e ea s a a os ea e ou s o e
M y h p w r c tt r d t t h wi nd I h
o es e e s a e e o e . e re
H r in thi W y i d I nn t h t il
e e s l ng
a s e e o so o
B c
e au s e I h p d f tr r th r gh my ng
o e or e as u e ou so
O f ixty th
s nd n b l c ou sa pl t p n t o e ou e s s e
O n w rlik t pic
a nd th i r rg m n t
e o s, a e a u e
Th l e ci mit r rtill ry
as s o , s a ,
a e ,
Th b ttl
e a t h f l chi n br ndi h d high
e ax e ,
-
e a o a s e ,
’
1 A li .
I N TR OD U C TI O N .
Th e c as qu e , ch rg r rm t rt he ma il ,
t he a e
’
s a a u e,
Th w il d rn
e th c n tr m nd h r
e e ss , e o ea ,
s ea a s o e,
W lf dr g n l ph nt nd cr c dil
o ,
a o ,
e e a ,
a o o e,
O f Gh ul t h r ry f di wh cri
,
e so ce o vs os e es
R ch d h
ea n th h r
e f m d f nt rpri
e ave , e e o es a e or e e se
U p n t h d y f b ttl ( th
o e I i ng)
a o a e e se s ,
Th h re c mb ti ng nd gl ryi ng
e oe s o a a o ,
M nt
e f n m n r nk
oo o n m bc r o ea a or a e o s u e
B t
u ch S l m A fra iy ab nd Tur
su as a s a ,
S h ah F idun nd K i K b ad nd f ll
ar a a u a e
Z hh ak t h ty r nt nd t h i nfi d l
a e a a e e ,
G ars h a p nd S am wh m N ri man t h b l d
s a o a e o
B g t—
e w rl d p l adi n f mighty m l d
o o -
a s o ou
H u h ng nd T h m u
s a t h Di th t b
a nd a ras e v a ou ,
K au nd K i K h r
s a w ith c r wn p na u s au o u o
H i h ad nd R t m nd th t f m
s e ,
a n us a ,
a a a o us o e
O f br n f r m G ud r
az e nd hi d lighto ,
1
a z a s e
H i ighty
s e n th L i n f t h fight so s, os e o s o e
A nd h r m n f t h pl i n— gr t S h ah L h a p
o se e o e a ea u r s ,
Z i t h c ptai n f th h t G h t a p
ar r e a o e os ,
us s ,
J amap w h h n m ng t h h t n high
s o s o e a o e os o
M r br ightly th n t h
o e n d t h in t h ky a e su o e S ,
Dara n f Dar ab B h m n t h gr t
so o a a e ea
S ik nd r—chi f f ll th t r l d t h
, ,
a a tat e o a a u e e s e
With l t S h ah A d hi S h apur h i n
a oo r s r, s so ,
B h ram nd N u hi w an t h
a a i rt n s r e v uous o e .
S ch i t h f m
u s nd x lt d th r ng
e a ous a e a e o
Th t I h m d t h bj ct f my ng
a av e a e e su e o so ,
A ll d d f g b t my p try
ea or a es u oe
H th c
a d th i r n m t li
a us e g in f I e a es o ve a a ,
or
H r i d th d d J
av e a se did nd m d es e ea ,
as es u s ,
a a e
Th i r n m li
e n nd ll
a nd I h
es l id ve , o e a a ,
a av e a
A r it d p n my lf f th
se v u e u o se or ee,
0 ki ng t k p thy n m in m m ry o ee a e e o .
Th h m e th at t h dw lli ng f t d y
o es are e e s o o -
a
Will i nk n th h w r nd n hi n t d c y
s
’
ea s o e a su s e o e a ,
B t t rm nd r i n h ll n
u s o r m wh t I
a a s a ev e ar a
H b ilt—t h p l c f my p try
av e u e a a e o oe .
Thi t ry h ll b r d by ry n
s s o s a e ea e ve o e
P d f w i d m whil t h ag
o ss e ss e o n; s o e e e s ru
1
A s fandiy ar .
IN TR O D U C T IO N 4 3
I f t hm
.
A nd h ad t b e s t ow d a th o ght u po n my l ay s
s e u
,
I n f ll
u M y w rd h o
. s av e made t h e w o r d t o r ow l g
L ik P r di
e a a se B f r c l
e o e m e n o ne ou d sow
.
Th e s e e d o f wo rds b f lk
U nnu m e re d o bt
n o do u .
l g th
F un c tl ltit
e m in o u n e s s mu b t
u de s a o u ,
Bu t ,th gh th y
ou e y
we re s o man , u p t o no w
N o o ne ah th ti th
e v e r me n o ne d t
e m , I ro w .
Fo r thi ty y xc i g t il b
r e ars e ee d n o I ore
P i li i l
A nd m ade t h e e rs ans ve in Pe rs an o re .
l cl g
U n e s s t h e w o rldlo rd had o s e fi s t e d rown -
I h ld h
s ou h d t p n t h th r n
av e a a sea u o e o e
H w ld h
e ou pl c d m th r b t c mm n n
av e a e e e e, u o o se se
H th n r b n t h m n rch xc ll nc ’
a e ve ee e o a s e e e e.
H d h hi m lf b n r y l by d c nt
a e se ee o a es e
H w ld h
e ou h d d r y l p r c d nt av e ee e o a e e e ,
F o r,h d hi i r b n S h ah h w l d
a s s n w e ee ,
e ou e re o
H av e s et cr wn f g l d p n my br w
a o o o u o o ,
O h d h i moth r b n l dy I
r a s e ee a a
H d t d n g l d nd il r c i n k n
a s oo I high ; o a S ve o ee -
B t i nc h i ki ndr d
u s e fm n t t s e are o ea es a e
H c nn t b r t h r b t t h g
e a o t
ea o ea a ou e re a .
H th lt r d ni n ti m
a a e ni n te f r ti m thr ! e es e o ou es ee 1
Th tr e il f thi B k f K i ng I b r
av a o s oo o s o e
Th S h ah m ight r c m p n m
e t m fr e o e se e, se e ee
Fr m w rldly n d nd gi m high d gr
“
o o ee s a ve e e ee
A m n g my p r H p d h i tr ry d r ’
o ee s . e o e s e as u s oo
A nd g h rb t ll r f n t m r s 2
’
av e a s e e -
se e e e, o o e,
1
hl w h h
Mo ,
lightly diff r t t xt t an l t
o as a s i n tmi q e en e , r s a es r e e o ns ue
ri
en w hich h dmit t b p r c j ct r
e a T it m r f r c
s o e u e on e u e .
o us se e s a e e en e
t th
o m e at xp ct d d t h m t c i d b y t h p t
oun e e e an e a ou n re e ve e oe .
I2
th n igi l e f kk
or ll r
na F kk m t h
a. b a a
”
-
se e . a -
a see s o av e een
b l yw t fl r d with i i t f b r
'
lS m
i
ar e -
a er av o u e Of t h ra s ns , o r e e so e sor o ee . . e
Gr k ¢ 0 ( L ti p
ee 0 6 Ka r wi n ) a n os ca, s ou e .
4 4 TR O D U C TI O N IN
O n w h m I p nt it in t h p blic w y
o s e e u a
A fit r cipi nt f ch r y l p y 1
e e o su o a a
A ki ng d i d f h n r n f right
evo o o ou ,
se se o ,
A lth gh it m y b f th r d by
ou ki ng a e a e e a .
T r i
o tha se il th t g d fr m th m m y fl w
e v e a oo o e a o
I b t t l th r d nd wh n w w ’
s u o os e o u r ea s e e e se
O p tr i p r in p ch t gr w
u a v e o ur ou o o .
I f th h lt pl nt tr f n
ou s a fr it a a ee o au s e o us u
I n P r di it lf nd dr nch th r t
a a se se a e e oo ,
Wh n m i t r i r q i r d fr m H
e o s u e n w n rills e u e ,
o e av e
’
s o
O f p r t h n y th
u es ld n t r otill e ,
e o a u e s
Will h w it lf t l t ; th wilt pr c r
s o se a as ou o u e
Fr it n l
u n o th n t h fr it b f r
ess au s e o u s a e u e o e .
I f by p r f m r t ll thy t p
e u b nt
e s
’
s a s s e s are e
A nd if th i it t ch rc l J ck
ou v s es a a oa a
Th wilt g t n ght f r m h im th t i n t bl ck
ou e au o a s o a .
Th t m i cr nt h l d d ill i n tr ng c
a s ea s s ou o s o s a e a se
H p n thi ng t h n fr m n wh
o e o bi rth i b e o o e ose s as e ,
F or n n n f rbi h
o ff t h gl m f night
e ca u s o e oo o ,
A nd w hi ng w ill n t m k
as n E thi p whit o a e a o e.
T l k f g d f r m n ill t ck t r i
o oo or oo o a s o o se
I b t t th r w t h d t in n
s u o wn y
o e us o
’
e s o e es .
Th w ldl d if n h n r d n m h b r
e or or ,
a o ou e a e e o e
W ld h
ou t m d right d r thi b nch f l r
av e e s e e e ea s ra o o e
A nd li t n d t s e ch ri t l e th o su va ou s a e s as e se
O f nci nt w y
a nd r y l
e g a s a o a u sa e s ,
W ld n t h
ou m t m y w i h with di d i n
o av e e s es s a
O l t t h l b r f my lif b
r e e in
a ou o e e va .
I h p rp
av e a in th l fty rhy m
u ose ese o es
Th S h ah p r ch nc w ill b
e d i d b ti m
e a e e a v se e es,
Will r c gni wh t w rd
e o will p y h d
se a o s are , a ee
T thi h i h ry ld d i r r d
’
o s s oa o a v se s e e,
D t n
o th r p t wr ng h nc f rth
o o o e oe s o e e o
B t h l d h i r p t ti n
u o m thi ng w rth
s e u a o so e o ,
Th i nj r d p t r c m p n f c rn
’
e u e oe s e o e se o s o .
I h ll th r w d t p n m y h d nd cry
s a o us u o ea a
L rd co Thy f ith f l r nt h rt t dw ll
,
au s e a u se va
’
s ea o e
I n light nd b rn thi mi cr nt l in H ll ’ ”
‘
,
a u s s ea s so u e .
IN TR O D U C T I O N 4 5
_
is u nd e r s t o o d t o b e in pr e p ar ati o n H e t e ll s u s in his .
s t ay m ight h av e b e e n no t with o u t ri s k b o th t o hi m s e lf
fu rth e r t o t h e w e s t wh e r e b e y o nd t h e r e ach o f
,
s e lf ab o u t t h e m att e r at all) h e wr o t e t h e ab o v e
m e ntio ne d w o rk .
1
Ulti m at e ly h e r e t u rne d t o his
nat iv e city o f T ri s and w e m ay c o ncl ud e thi s acc o u nt
,
o f t h e c al am ity o f an au th o r by s u mm ari s i ng t h e r e s t
o f wh at Ni z a m i h as t o t e ll u s H e no d o u bt giv e s u s
.
,
as h e pr o fe s s e s t o do t h e r e c e ive d tr aditi o n o f t h e
,
ti m e
. S u lta n M ah m ud i nd u c e d by t h e r e pr e s e nt a
,
m at e ly r e p e nt e d o f h is tr e at me nt o f t he p o e t He .
it e nt e r e d by o ne g at e t h e p o e t s c o rp s e w as b e i ng
’
b e c au s e in t h e o r t h o d o x vi e w o f a l o c al pr e ach e r h e
w as a h e r e tic and th e r e fo r e m u s t no t b e s u ffe r e d t o
,
lie in t h e M u s u l m an C e me t e ry H e l e ft a d au ght e r
—a high s pirit e d l ady—wh o r e fus e d t o acc e pt t he
.
1
N IN , 2 7.
IN TR O D U C TI O N
A D 1 0 20 —1 0 2 I at t h e age o f a ou b t e igh ty Ni z a mi
—
. . .
,
vi s it e d his tomb ,
A D . . I I 1 6 1 I I 7 .
I t h as no t see me d
ry t o t h e pre s e nt writ e r c
ne e s s a
t o e nt e r mo r e fu lly i nt o t h e i nt e r e s ti ng s u bj e ct o f t h e
po e t s bi o gr aphy Th e r e ad e r will fi nd am pl e r d e t ail s
’
.
ti o nal
”
and in Pr o fe s s o r Br o w ne s m o s t u s e fu l tr ans l ati o n
’
e pos ,
c o nv e ni e nt fo r m I t is no t w o rth whil e t o r e pr o d u c e
h e r e t h e acc ou n t s o f l at e r bi o gr aph e r s —th o s e me n
.
e ve r ,b e i ns e rt e d in appr o pri at e pl ac e s in t h e c o u r s e -
o f t hi s tr ans l ati o n A w o rd o f w ar ni ng s h o u ld b e
'
e xc e pt wh e r e o th e rwi s e s t at e d t o t h e fig u r e s giv e n , ,
in t h e t w o t e xt s fr o m which
’
as t o t h e p o e t s age & c ,
.
,
Th e y s e e m t o b e g e ne r ally c o ns i s t e nt b u t o th e r M S S , ,
’
p ains h as b e e n t ak e n t o di s ti ng u i s h Firdau s i s o w n ao
c o u nt fr om th at giv e n by o th e r s I t only re m ai ns t o
’
h e art o f h e art s h e w as as c o ns ci o u s o f wh at c o n
s tit u t e d h is b e s t titl e t o fam e as wh e n he p e nn e d t h e
c oncl u di ng w o r ds o f t h e S h ahnam a
I h all li v o n t h e s e d o f wor ds h a e I
s e ,
e v
,
.
4 8 I N TR O D U C I ON T
m o tiv e h e we av e s r ou nd it on ly so mu ch of the
s u bj e ct m att e r at h is di S o s al as he c an e m pl o y with
p
-
fi de nc e fr o m t h e fir s t I n dir e ct vi o l ati o n o f t h e
.
e arli e r and t h e
, p e ri o d o f h is acti o n e xt e nd s o ve r
th o u s and s o f y e ar s H e u s e s all t h e e pic m at e ri al
.
,
H is w e b 1 3 o p e n w o rk and it s d e s ig n u ns y m m e tri c al
-
.
H e m ak e s no s e cr e t o f h is m e th o d b u t t e ll s u s wh at ,
th e r e i n .
I t will b e r e adily u nd e r s t oo d th at t h e m e th o d o f
t h e E as t e r n p o e t l e ad s t o in c o ns i s t e nci e s and diffic u lti e s ,
pl ac e s e v e r al o f t h e ch ar act e r s o f t h e p o e m w e r e
o rigi nally divin e or s e m i divine b e i ng s and th o u gh
-
i ntr o d u c e d t o u s as h u m an h av e in s o m e c as e s no t
’
wh o lly l o s t th e ir s u p e rh u m an attribu t es A nd in t h e .
s e c o nd pl ac e t h e p o p u l ar m yth o l o gy w as no t and w as ,
n o t d e s ig ne d t o b e c o ns i s t e n t ,
I t t o ld l e g e nd s o f t h e
.
s am e h e r o as s igning th e m t o di f
,
fe r e nt r e igns age s , ,
and l o c aliti e s A We s t e r n p oe t w o u ld h av e t ak e n
.
IN TR O D U C TI ON 4 9
th e m all and fo rc e d as m u ch as s u it e d h im i nt o t h e
m ou ld o f a bri e f actio n ; t h e Eas t e rn p o e t t ak e s th e m
at fu ll l e ngth and i ns e rt s th e m wh e r e h e fi nd s th e m
, ,
Th e p o e m is divid e d i n t o r e igns O f th e s e th e r e .
,
w h ich is ,
r e ck o ne d as a s i ngl e r e ig n m ak e u p t h e fifty h e ad s ,
as o ne r e ign l as ti ng 2 0 0 y e ar s
,
I V Th e S a s ani an o f . .
,
, .
o f ti m e c o v e r e d is t h e r e fo r e 3 8 7 4 y e ar s .
Th e p o e m m ay al s o b e divid e d i nt o t wo p e ri o d s
a m ythic and a h is t o ric Thi s di s ti ncti o n is b as e d no t
.
s o m u ch o n t h e n at u r e o f t h e s u bj e ct m att e r as o n t h e -
r e m aind e r o f t h e p o e m fo r m t he Hi s t o ric P e ri o d Th e .
Gr e at .
I f t h e p o e t h ad c o nfi ne d hi m s e lf t o t h e u s e o f t h e
nam e s U rm u z d an d A hri m an this ant ag o ni s m w o u ld
h av e b e e n m u ch m o r e m ark e d H e w as pr o b ably .
pl ac e d h o w e v e r in a v e ry di ffi c u lt p o s itio n no t o nly as
, , ,
a M u h amm ad an hi m s e lf b u t al s o as a p o e t e ag e r fo r
u s e s t h e w o rd U rm u z d b u t in it s pl ac e s u ch t e r m s ,
,
-
t h e M u h am m ad an All ah O n t h e o th e r h and h e .
1 Thr ie e s a t e nde n cy
g m d r Z r tri a mo n
d m ch l r o e n o o as ans an so e s o a s
to m dif y
o or e ven d ny t h d li m b t t d thi i t d p i
e e ua Zr s ,
u o o s s o e r ve o o
as t rianis m o f i t m t ch r ct ri tic f t r
s os nd it
a a b t titl t b e s ea u e , a s es e o e
c o ns id re ed o n f t h gr t
e o ligi f t h w rl d
e ea S DF K H P ii
re o ns o e o . ee , .
1 8 7 ; H E P, 3 0 3 3 0 5 -
.
IN T R O D U C TI O N 5:
r ath e r t o t h e M u h am m ad an I bl i s o r t o t h e D e vil o f ’
it s e lf wh e r e ve r th e y o cc u r .
I I Th e S hah s and o th e r ki ng s o r h e r o e s
. The s e .
,
th e ms e lv e s b u t th o s e th at are mythic al ne e d a w o rd
,
o f th e m r o u nd o ne o r o th e r o f t h e t w o gr e at pri n cipl e s
, ,
t h e b e ne fi c e nt r o u nd U rm u z d and t h e m ale fi c e nt
ro u nd Ahri m an In t h e c o u r s e o f ti m e m any o f th e m
.
ch ar act e r s w e r e o nc e th e m s e lv e s go d s or d e m ig o d s o r ,
in t h e S h ah nam a O n o ne s id e w e h av e U rmu z d w h o
.
,
s o m e ti m e s i n t e rv e ne s by his m e s s e ng e r and ag e n t t h e
, ,
.
,
’
t o b e au th e ntic and u s e is m ad e o f am u l e t s e lixir s
, , ,
.
52 IN TRO D U C TI ON
is
’
d e s ti ny which is r e pr e s e nt e d as G o d s p u rp o s e with
,
r e s p e c t t o m an as r e v e al e d in t h e h e av e ns by t h e
as p e ct s o f t h e s t ar s and pl ane t s Th e r e is no m o r e .
i m pr e s s iv e pict u r e in t h e p o e m th an th at which t h e
p o e t giv e s u s o f t h e r e m o rs e l e s s pr o c e s s o f t h e s k y ,
an d fill t h e v u lg ar with am az e at wh at th e y t e r m t h e
t u r ns o f fo rt u ne To t h e s ag e and r e ad e r o f t h e s t ar s
.
,
h o w e v e r t h e f u t u r e is s pr e ad o u t lik e a b o o k and
, ,
s e n t e d t o u s by t h e p o e t is m ad e u o f t w o di s ti nct
p
e l e m e nt s which h e d o e s no t att e m pt t o r e c o ncil e —t h e
,
b e s u mm e d u p fo r t h e r e ad e r in t w o t e xt s fr o m t h e
Bibl e I am t h e L o rd and th e r e is no ne e l s e
“
,
I .
fo r m t h e light and cr e at e d ar k ne s s ; I m ak e p e ac e
, ,
”
thi ng s ; and S h all w e r e c e ive g o o d at t h e h and o f
1 “
”
G o d and s h all w e n o t r e c e iv e e vil ?
,
2
U rm u z d cr e at e d m an and fas hi o ne d t h e tw e lv e h o u s e s
o f t h e h e av e ns th at th e y m ight p o u r d o wn th e ir
ki ndly i nfl u e n c e u p o n h im ; A hri m an br o k e i nt o t h e
cr e ati o n o f U rmu z d and cr e at e d t h e pl ane t s t o ru n
c o u nt e r t o t h e s t ar s and cr o s s th e ir p u rp o s e s D e s ti ny .
,
o f t w o o pp o s i ng fo rc e s is an e xtr e m e ly l o gic al de du c
,
t i o n w e ll b o r ne o u t by t h e e v e nt s o f hi s t o ry and t h e
1
Isa ih
a x lv 7. .
2
J ob ii . 10 .
“
IN TRO D U C TI O N 53
in cid e nt s o f l ife t o an E as t e r n e y e b u t c o rr e s p o nd s ,
r ath e r t o wh at w e s h o u ld c all fo rt u ne th an t o ab s o l u t e
fat e Th e Z o r o as tri an vi e w which is th at o f t h e p o e t s
.
,
’
au th o riti e s pr e d o m in at e s o v e r t h e M u h am m ad an which
, ,
is th at o f h is r e ligi o n Th e pr actic al r e s u lt is th at in
.
t h e p o e m t h e s k y is l o o k e d u p o n as t h e
arbit e r o f h u m an affair s and o ft e n as acti ng ,
m an and th e y t o m ak e e xc u s e fo r e v il d o ne o r t h e
,
”
d o ing o f it . I t w as s o d e cr e e d
“
pl e ad s t h e e vil
,
”
d o e r ; A nd s o w as t h e p e nalty r e pli e s t h e av e ng e r
“
, .
t ail o r t o p fr o m b o t t o m .
c an b e s aid t o h av e o ne is A hri m an s e nv y o f m an
’
is t o s e d u c e th e m fr o m th e ir all e gi anc e t o th e ir Cr e at o r ,
act s of pr o v o c atio n o r r e v e ng e fo r m a s e ri e s o f
s u b s idi ary mo tiv e s which s e rv e t o k e e p aliv e t h e
anci e nt fe u d . Th e s e are m o s t pr o mi ne nt in t h e
e arli e r p o rti o n o f t h e Mythic p e r io d t o w ard s t h e e nd o f ,
e t t h e m as t e ry o v e r t h e s o u l o f m an
g .
in t h e p o e m and th e r e fo r e t h e S e m it e s in p artic u l ar
, ,
w h o w e r e t h e m o s t id o l atr o u s r ac e with wh o m t h e
Irani ans c ame i nt o c ont act Th e A s s yri ans w e r e .
no t o ri ou s ly id o l atr o u s and s o w e r e t h e Ar ab s u p t o
,
t h e d ay s o f M u h am m ad I n t h e p o e m all id o l
.
w o r s hipp e r s wh e th e r o f S e m i t ic r ac e o r no t are
, ,
t h e w e s t e r n divi s i o n
’
o f t h e I nd o E u r o p e an r ac e t h e s e c o nd s o n T li r t h e
'
-
Taranian and t h e y o u ng e s t s o n Ir aj t h e W e s t e r n
,
b e tw e e n his thr e e s o ns o f t h e m u rd e r o f Ir aj by h is
,
t wo e ld e r br o th e r s and o f t h e gr e at fe u d which th u s
,
thr e e o f t h e gr e at r ac e s o f m anki n d as s e e n fr o m t h e ,
o th e r r ac e s c o m bi ne d Y e t t h e bitt e r e s t fe u d is with
.
H o we v e r . ,
56 IN T R O D U C TI O N
and who f r m o s t fo r h avi ng fo ll o w e d h is advic e h as
su f e s ,
c o m pli m e nt by t h e p o e t t o t h e T u rk m an r ac e I t w as .
Fo r t h e pr e s e rv ati o n o f t h e s u bj e ct m att e r o f t h e -
.
,
—
th e m s e lv e s A t hrav ans lit e r ally fi re m e n , s hows
1 “
-
2
th e m as t h e M agi t h e gr e at o r m ighty and l at e r ,
ag e s are i nd e bt e d t o th e m fo r t h e p o t e nt w o rd s
”
“
m agic and m agici an I n th e ir hi s t o ric al s e at
“
in Atr o p at e ne o r in t h e mo d e r n fo r m o f t h e w o rd
A z arb ij an ( wh i ch h as b e e n v ari ou s ly e xpl aine d t o m e an
t h e l and o f t h e s e e d o f t h e d e s c e nt o f o r th at g u ard s
, ,
Fl am e s i s s u ing fr o m cl e ft s in t h e r o ck s h av e b e e n
abl az e fr o m ti m e i m m e m o ri al an d in au t u m n t h e e x ,
h al ati o ns fro m t h e s o il fo r m a ph o s ph o r e s c e nc e th at at
night w r ap s wh o l e di s trict s in s h e e t s o f h ar m l e s s fl am e .
E v e n in p art s o f t h e C as pi an t h e v ap o u r s b u bbl e u p ,
1
DZA , i li.
, rs t e d.
2
S k t Ety m Dict
ea ,
. .
, av .
I N TR OD U C I O N T 57
m ay b e ig nit e d and
will go o n b u rni ng o v e r s e v e r al ,
c ie nt l
y i m pr e s s iv e e v e n t o t h e m o d e r n e e
y a n d w e ,
high e s t e xpr e s s io n— cl e ar s mo k e l e s s l am b e n t fl am e s
, , ,
c e nt u ry aft e r c e nt u ry— mu s t h av e b e e n t o t h e u n
r ati o nali s tic g az e o f pri m itiv e antiqu ity In the .
pr e s e n c e o f th o s e fl am e s all o th e r fir e s m u s t h av e
seeme d b ut br o k e n light s E l s e wh e r e th e y w e r e
“
.
di m m e d by s m o k e and v ap o u rs b u t h e r e th e y b u r ne d ,
as in t h e B u r ni ng B u s h I t w as no w o nd e r th at t h e
.
”
pl ac e c am e t o b e lo o k e d u p o n as H o ly Gr o u nd and “
,
t h e pri e s th o o d o f s u c h a C u lt w o u ld b e c o m e am id
s u ch s u rr o u ndi ng s Th e pri es t o f anci e n t ti m e s w as
.
t h e m an o f l e tt e r s t h e s ag e t h e l e e ch t h e as tr o
, , ,
e v e n no w r o bb e d o f all it s anci e nt gl am ou r by t h e
fact th at it is t h e sc e ne o f t h e gr e at e s t p e tr o l e u m
i nd u s try in t h e w o rld H e r e Pr o m e th e u s s t o l e t h e
.
e as t t o w e s t ran o ne o f t h e r e at tr ad e r o u t e s a n d
g ,
1
fr o m B alkh d o w n t h e O x u s t o t h e C as pi an and th e nc e ,
1
Th O x
e usin an ci nt ti m e fl w d i nt t h C pi n in t d f i nt
es o e o e as a s ea o o
t h A ral S a a at p
e e s nt
re s e .
58 IN TR O D U C TI O N
be sa et ti ng th at h e r e w as a mo s t i m p o rt ant
f in s a
ne u tr al t e rrit o ry no c o mm o n m e e ti ng gr o u nd ; all is
,
-
I n t h e r e gi o ns s ou th o f t h e C au c as u s th e s e c ontras t s
are a cc e n t u at e d and th e r e it w o u ld s e e m gr e w u p
, , ,
e v e nt s t o t h e M e d es wh o s e pri e s t s th e y w e r e I t w as .
t h e s o n o f Cyr u s t h e Gr e at th at t h e M agi fir s t b e c am e ,
b e b u t at m o s t t o l e r ate d it al o ng with t h e o th e r
,
2
faith s o f th e ir w o rld wid e e m pir e Aft e r t h e d e ath-
.
o f C am by s e s h o w e v e r t h e M agi r o s e t o p o we r in t h e
1
cc nt f t h t r l ph n m n f th
Fo r an a ou ogi n KAe na u a e o e a o e s e re o s see ,
i 4 4 nd M r in Th R gi n f t h E t rn l Fir h i wh r m ny
.
,
a a v , e e o o e e a e, c . x .
,
e e a
int r ti ng p g
e es c ll ct d Th ph n m n
as s a m t triki ng
e s are o e e . e e o e a are os s
t t h n rth f K r b gh t B k
o e o t h p n in l
o f A p h r n nd t h
a a a a a u, e e su a o s e o a e
i l nd f S i t i (H ly I l nd) l y i ng ff it
s a o v a o o s a o .
2
S H O, 4 9 7
IN T R O D U C TI O N 59
i nfo r m s u s th at h e r e s t o r e d th e s e t e m pl e s and al s o ,
at t h e s am e ti m e d e s crib e s hi m s e lf as a w o r s hipp e r
2
o f U rm u z d w e m ay as s u m e th at it w as in t h e c o ur s e
,
o f h is r e ig n th at Z o r o as tri ani s m b e c am e t h e s t at e
r e ligio n o f t h e P e r s i an e m pir e H e al s o app e ar s ab o u t .
RC 5 0 5 t o h av e ad o pt e d t h e Z o r o as tri an c al e n d ar i n
.
t h e pl ac e o f t h e o ld P e r s i an o ne th at h e h ad u s e d u p
till th e n and thi s fact go e s t o s u pp o rt t h e as s u m pti o n
,
3
m ad e ab o v e The M agO ph o nia o r s l au ght e r o f t h e
.
4
M agi m e ntio ne d by H e r o d o t u s which h as s o m e ti m e s ,
b e e n add u c e d as a pr o o f th at th e y c o u ld no t h av e
b e e n s u pr e m e in P e rs ia s o e arly as t h e ti me s o f D ari u s
5
H y s t as pis is no t r e ally o pp o s e d t o thi s vi e w
, I t is .
c e l e br ati o n o f t h e o v e r t hr o w o f o ne p artic u l ar M ag u s
t h e i m p o s t o r and u s u rp e r G au m at a— and his p e r s o nal
6
fo ll o w e r s Wh e th e r t h e M agi in s pit e o f t h e high
.
,
d o ctri ne s p o pu l ar with t h e m as s e s o f t h e fir s t P e r s i an
e m pir e m a w e ll b e d o u bt e d O ne at l e as t o f t h e
y .
s u c c e s s o r s o f D ari u s — Art ax e rx e s I I 4 4
0 — 3 6 1 ) .
s e e m s t o h av e r e l ap s e d i nt o s o m e thi ng v e ry lik e id o l
7
atry and with t h e c o nq u e s t o f P e r s i a by Al e x and e r
,
t h e G re at t h e p o w e r o f t h e M agi w ane d fo r a ti m e .
R P ii 8 9 —
1
92, v . Id WPT xli .
2
.
3
, v. v.
H r d iii 79
4
e o . . R S M 63 6 n t
.
5
, ,
o e.
6
DH A , v. 1 ii 53
94 .
7
DZA ,
. .
I d i xl iii
3
Thi n ti n
. . m t h b n firm l y fi x d in t h
v . s o o see s o av e ee e e
m i d f t h f ithf l
n s o W t ld th t in t h y r
e a 5 Z u . e are o a e ea A D . . 1 1 1 o ro as
t i n r i d nt in P r i wr t
r a s est r ligi ni t in I ndi
e l tt r in e s a o e o co -
e o s s a a e e
which th y t t d th t n r i nc t h r l f K i m h d th y
e s a e
“
a e ve s e e u e o a o ars a e
su ff r d m r th n wh t th y w r th n nd rg i ng I n th th y
e e o e a a e e e e u e o . s oo , e
d cl r d th t th y w r m r
e a e ppr d th n th ir r c h d r b n
a e e e o e O esse a e a e a e ve ee
at th h nd f t h tyr nt Z h k A fr i b T nd A l x nd r
e a s o e a s o a ,
as a , ur a e a e .
DFKH P i 56 , . .
60 I N TR O D U C TI O N
p o lyth e i s m th e r e c an b e no d o u bt th at t h e b u lk o f
,
t h e p o p u l ati o n r e l ap s e d i nt o id o l atry if i nd e e d it ,
h ad e v e r e m e rg e d D u ri ng t h e ne xt fi v e c e nt u ri e s
.
c atio n o f th e s e w as d u ri ng t h e fir s t c e nt u ri e s at all
,
1
P arthi an m o narchy w e m ay l e arn fr o m C at u ll u s .
1
N as c at ur M a g us ex G lli m e at ris q u e ne ando f
c o n u g io , e t
j dis c at Pe r ics u m h aru s pic iu m .
N am M a g us ex ma e tr et gn t
g ignat u r a o O po rt e t ,
r
s i ve a e s t Pe s a r r u m im ia re llig io
P .
Ca r me n, lxxxix .
,
e d. 0 . H . We i s e .
F o r Kh v ait ak das -
see WPT , ii .
3 89 . C f GH P i
.
, . 89 .
IN TR OD U C TI O N 61
is to be l o o k e d fo r at T akht i S u l ai m an ne ar t h e - -
,
'
a Z ardu h s h t o r t h e fi re o f
m
-
Z ardu h s h t w h o is E appbééata
'
'
,
e i ns tit u t e d it To .
thi s t e m pl e it w as t h e c u s t o m o f t h e S hah s o f P e r s i a
in pre M u h amm ad an t im e s t o m ak e pi lgri m ag e s
-
1
afo o t. R ai which w as n e ar Tihran s e e m s t o h av e
, ,
Z ardu h s h t I t w as fi nally d e s tr o y e d by t h e M u h am
.
2
m adans . B alkh w as t h e s c e ne o f Z ardu hs h t o r
Z o r o as t e r s m o s t s u cc e s s fu l m i s s i o nary e ffo rt which
’
w as t ak e n by t h e Taranian ki ng Ar a s
'
I nt e r nal
— -i v
as s u m e th at t h e th e o g o n i e s o r s acr e d hy m ns which
3
th e y ch ant e d in t h e d ay s o f H e r o d o tu s w e r e s u ch
as w e fi nd in th e ir e xt ant s cript u r e s j u s t as w e fi nd ,
G u s h t as p o rd e r e d t h e o rigi nal t o b e d e p o s it e d in t h e
tr e as u ry o f S h apigan and c o pi e s t o b e m ad e and dis
s e m i nat e d o ne o f w hich w as l aid u p in t h e fo rtr e s s
,
1
DZA , i xlix . , 1 s t e d.
2
Id . xl iii v .
3
He rd i 3
o . . 1 2. 1
‘
Id . 14 0 .
62 IN TR O D U C TI O N
S h apigan
’
fe ll i nt o Al e x and e r s h and s and w as tr ans
l at e d by h is c o mmand int o G re e k l
King Valk as h ‘
r .
o rd e r e d a c o ll e cti o n t o b e m ad e o f t h e s cript u r e s ,
o wi ng t o t h e di s r u pti o n c au s e d by t h e M ac e d o ni an
2
c o nq u e s t A rds h ir t h e s o n o f Pap ak w h o o v e rthr e w
.
, ,
m ad e a c o ll e cti o n o f t h e s cript u r e s H e e m pl o y e d .
fo r th at p u rp o s e t h e high pri e s t T au s ar w h o r e pr o -
,
du c e d a s i m ilit u d e o f t h e o riginal as it h ad e xi s t e d
3
in t h e tr e as u ry o f S h apigan S h apii r t h e s o n o f
’
.
,
5
pr o cl ai m e d and ins i s t e d o n u nifo r m ity .
t he M o u nt ai n o f t h e H o ly Q u e s ti o ns h e m e t U rm u z d
fac e t o fac e and r e c e ive d fr o m h im in a s e ri e s o f dia
,
l o g ne s t h e t e ne t s o f t h e faith H e r e t o o t h e pr o ph e t .
s u b s e q u e ntly t e m pt e d by t h e l att e r in p e r s o n B o th .
w e r e h o w e v e r w o r s t e d and Z o r o as t e r b e g an h is mi s s i o n
, , ,
H is gr e at s u cc e s s s e e m s t o h av e b e e n at
7
ary c ar e e r .
1 ‘
WPT , iv . xxxi .
2
1d 4. 13.
3
Id xxxi . .
4
Id 4 . 14 .
5
Id .
1
‘
DZA i 3 , .
, t
no e s .
7
WPT , i . 1 4 1.
64 I N TR O D U C I O N T
i nc o rr e ctly kno wn as Z e nd I t s e e m s al mo s t c e rtai n .
1
th at r e ally it s h o u ld b e k no w n as M e di an Z e nd .
,
P e r s i an as pr e s e rv e d in t h e i ns cripti o ns o f t h e
,
s o m e m o d e rn di al e ct s u ch as t h e K ard d o e s no t s e e m t o ,
h av e b e e n y e t d e t e r mi ne d ; b u t t h e e xi s t en c e o f t h e
Z andav as t a indic at e s th at it r e m ai ne d k no w n t o and
u s e d by t h e M agi in it s infl e c t io nal fo r m l o ng aft e r
it s s i s t e r l angu ag e t h e P e r s i an h ad l o s t m o s t o f it s
-
m ay th u s b e r e g ard e d as b e i ng d u ri ng t h e fi v e c e n
t u rie s and a h alf which e l ap s e d b e tw e e n t h e d e ath
o f D ari u s C o do m anu s and t h e acc e s s i o n o f A rds h ir
2
it s e lf b e i ng c o nv e rt e d i nt o m iddl e P e r s i an o r P ahl av i .
P ahl av i it s h o u ld b e e x pl ai ne d is t he s am e w o rd as
, ,
g u ag e s p o k e n by t h e P arthi ans th e m s e l v e s b u t th at ,
u sed u nd e r th e ir r u l e by th e ir P e r s i an o r Irani an
1
La c mp ri o a s o n, sa ys the l t Pr f
a e o esso rD m t ar es eter in t h e w o rk
in which h e s e e ms to h av e e xpr
bj e ctes s e d h is cl r t i w
ea es v e s on th e su ,
an e c g
t mp d H é d t d A i t t d Th é p mp
de s M a es du e s
’
ro o e,
’
r s o e ,
e o o e
d
’
t p rt l nci n
au re at n ni m a t dr p M g l
, es a e s s on u a es en e n e ar a es es
pretr d l M édi I l it d la p l té m ig g xt rn d
es e a e. su e , ar s o na e e e e es
cl iq j i nt tém ig g int in eq d li r
as s ues o nd t d l
au o na e r s ue es v es z e s e e a
tr diti n n ti q l A t t l
a o a d M g ve
q l , d t l ue
’
ve s a e s
’
ce u v re es a es , ue e z en es a
l g
an u e d l M édi ie t q l r it l dr it d r mpl c r
a e a nc en ne , e ue
’
o n au a e o e e a e
l n m i mpr pr d l g d p l t rm d l g médiq ? ’
e o o e e an u e z en e ar s e e e an u e ue
DEI i , .
WPT xi
2
1 .
Th it li P f D m t t
’
e a c s are ro e s s or ar es e er s.
IN T R O D U C TI O N
1
su bj e ct s To . p e o pl e at l arg e in S a s a ni an ti me s
the
t h e l ang u ag e in which t h e ins cripti o ns o f D ari u s
H y s t as pis and h is s u cc e s s o r s h ad b e e n writt e n ,
c o rdin l b e c am e t h e c u s t o m in m a ki n g c o pi e s t o
gy
app e nd a P ahl av i v e r s i o n p ar aphr as e o r c o m m e n t o n , ,
t h e o riginal t e xt Th e s cript ur e s th e m s e l v e s w e r e
.
k no wn as t h e Z e nd o r Z and Th e chi e f Z an d w as .
o f c ou r s e t h e P ahl av i v e r s i o n o f t h e A v as t a and t h e ,
t w o c o m bi ne d b e c am e k no wn as t h e A v as t a and Z and ,
2
or m o r e c o m m only as t he Z andav as t a Lik e t h e .
in a s o m e wh at alt e r e d fo r m b o th t o t h e Z andav as t a
and t o t h e anci e nt S ans crit hy m ns o f I n di a— t h e
V e d as 3
. We m ay r e g ard t h e tr aditi o ns o f t h e Zan
dav as t a as e s s e n ti ally M agi an ; th e y w e r e d e s ti ne d ,
e xp ans i o n in o th e r h and s .
1
i xii P r i n f ll ti m
WPT , . . e s a s o a e s se e m a lw a s y to h av e kn wn th ir
o e
o wn l g g P r i DE I i 3 8
an ua e as a s .
, . .
2
DZA i xxxi n t
,
.
, o e 2.
3
S f
ee i n t nc DH A ch pt r
or s a e , v. a e s 5 and 1 0 .
66 IN TR OD U CTI ON
h ad blit e rat e d all b u t t h e v ag u e s t r e m ini s ce n c e s o f
o
Th e c o ns e qu e n c e w as th at t h e m y t hi
t h e Z andav as t a c am e t o b e re ard e d in S a s ani an ti me s
as h
t e s hi t o ric S hah s o f t h e ra mi an r
a ;
g e Th F
e s e and
a c o nv e ni e nt e pic fr am e w o rk wh e r e o n t o h ang l e g e nd s
t h e K al e w al a .
1
M u ch t h e s am e pr o c e s s w e nt o n in
Iran at an e arli e r d at e Tr aditi ons b as e d o n t h e Z and a
.
in P e r s i a— till in ti m e t h e w o rd Di b ka n c ame t o h av e
a w e ll n e o n a m
r e c o g i s e d s c d ry e i g th at o f pro
an n —
fe s s ion al s t o ry t e ll e r r u s tic b ard o r w and e ri ng m ins tr e l
-
, ,
.
I n t h e c ou r s e o f t h e s a s a ni an dy nas ty th e s e tr aditi o ns
w e r e c o ll e ct e d and pu t i nt o writi ng Th e r e s u lt w as .
1
Ency . Br it . ix . 2 1 9.
IN TR O D U C TI O N 67
t he P as t , of t he L o rds
King s In , and of t he .
At t h e ti me o f t h e M u h am m ad an c o nqu e s t o f P e r s i a
th e y w e r e s e n t t o Um ar t h e c o m m and e r o f t h e faith
’
appr o v e d o f th e ir c o n t e n t s I n t h e g e ne r al divi s i o n .
o f t h e P e r s i an s p o il t h e b o o k s fe ll i nt o t h e h and s o f
t h e Aby s s i ni ans w h o pr e s e nt e d th e m t o Ki ng J as h a
, ,
’
and in Hind wh e nc e th e y w e r e br o u ght by Y a k iib
,
, ,
S hadan s o n o f B ar z in o f T ri s — t o
1
,
u nd e rt ak e the
t as k Wh e n t h e h o u s e o f t h e s a m anid s c am e i nt o
.
p o w e r th e y t o o k t h e gr e at e s t i nt e r e s t in t h e w o rk
th u s tr ans l at e d and e ntr u s t e d it t o t h e p o e t Dak ik i
,
t o pu t i nt o v e r s e Wh e n h e h ad writt e n o ne o r t w o
.
w h o e nc o u r ag e d Fird au s i t o c o m pl e t e t h e w o rk .
1
C h S lai man n f N fi in —a mi tak o mi print C f
as u so o r s e r s . .
68 I N TR O D U C TI O N
A s Kha n s p re fac e d at e s fr o m t h e fir s t
Bais ingh ar
’
r ej e ct e d t h e s t o ry o f Ki ng J as h a and t h e Abys s i ni an s
w e are s till c o n fr o nt e d by a chr o no l o gic al impo s s i
Y a k iib t h e s o n o f L ai s t h e c o pp e r s m ith di e d
’
b ilit y .
, ,
in A D 8 7 8 A b ii M ans ar w h o h ad t h e w o rk o f
’
. . .
,
u
p . Y a k a b and Abu
’
M an s ar w e r e th e r e f o r e n o t
c o nt e m p o r ari e s Y a k i i b h ad w o rk e d in h is fath e r s
.
’ ' ’
s ho p as a y o u th h e th e n b e c am e a r o bb e r chi e f
,
-
h o m e o f a r ac e wh o s e w arlik e pr o cliviti e s w e r e
s y m b o li s e d in t h e l e g e nd ary e xpl o it s and ch ar act e r
t ak e n an i nt e r e s t in t h e o ld tr aditi o ns ; b u t h e c o u ld
no t h av e c o m m i s s i o ne d A b a M ans ar t o do t h e w o rk
t h e s t at e m e nt in Bais ingh ar Kh a
’
o th e r h an d ,
n s pre
’
Ah m ad A lb irii ni ( A D 9 7 3 —1 0 4 8 ) in his Chr o no l o gy
’
. .
2
o f An ci e nt N ati o ns Ag ain w e m ay b e s o m e wh at .
”
e v e r e xi s t e d b u t w e m ay c o nc e d e th at t h e anci e n t
,
1
N T, xxi v.
g tr by Dr ch
2
En . a ns . . E Sa. au , 1 1 9 .
I N TR O D U C TI O N 69
Th e name s of th e fi ve m e n e m pl o y e d by A b ii ’
t h e t as k o f v e r s i fyi ng t h e S h a h nam a w as a fi re ,
F r thi ng D k ik i ch th till
ou s a oose s
G i rl r by lip t h nd f ly
’
s u s, e so u o xe
,
Th bl d
e d w i n t h F ith f Fi r
oo -
re e, e a o e .
Fird au s i t e ll s u s in his Pr e l u d e 1 0 th at wh e n o n , ,
Dak ik i s m u rd e r h e d e t e r m i ne d t o c arry o n t h e w o rk
'
pl u s s e d by w ant o f th e m H is s t at e m e nt s e e m s t o .
th at l angu ag e A lb irii ni t e ll s u s th at t h e p o e t A b a
.
’
r e fe r s t o t h e au th o r s o f fi v e s u ch s e p ar at e hi s t o ri e s as
2
h is au th o riti e s I f h o w e v e r w e acc e pt N Olde k e s
’
.
, ,
3
in t h e P e r s i an o f his o w n day w e c an u nd e r s t and h is ,
difli cu lt y ab o u t h is m at e ri al s H e c o u ld m ak e no .
pr o gr e s s till h e h ad o bt ai ne d a c o py o f A b ii M ans ar s ’
w e h av e s e e n h ad b e e n t rans e rn P e r s i an
S h ah nam as th at o nc e e xi s t e d h as no w b e c o m e t h e ,
t h e pr o o f is t o b e fo u n d in t h e natu r e o f h is s u bj e ct
m att e r and in h is o wn w o rd s H e e xpr e s s ly di s cl ai m s .
s h ar e w as t o m o u ld i n t o s o ng t h e e p o s o f h is nativ e
2
b e s t and p u r e s t i nt e rpr e t ati o n o n all th at h e fo u nd .
1
With a fe w ex c pti
e o ns which will c o me up fo r no tic e in du e c r ou se .
2
p
Th e Zandav as t a it i Bi bl in r i O f t h as we oss e ss s a e u ns . e tw nty e
on N ek B k as f w hich it i
s or id t h c i t d ly t w
oo s o s sa o av e o ns s e on o are
ext t in th ir tir ty nd th t w
an e pr ci l y th which t h
en e , a ese o are e se ose e
M gi w a ld k w b t—t h l w f c r m i l b r c nd t h
ou no es e a o e e on a O se v an es , a e
ti w h fr g m t f m t f t h th r nd c rt i n mm ri
on e av e a en s o os o e o e s, a e a su a e s,
p r phr
a a nd c m m t n th m i P hl i w hich n bl
as e s , a o t en s o e n a av e a e us o
f rm f ir n ti n f t h g n r l c nt nt f t h Z nd t
o a a o o o e e e a o e s o e a av as a as a
wh l Tho et h Di k
. d A ct
us f t h F ith c nt i
e m m ry
n ar or s o e a o a ns a s u a
of ni n t n f t h tw t y n N k whil t h B nd hi h
e ee o e O rigi n l
en -
o e as s, e e u a s or a
C r ti n pr r f
ea o th cc nt f t h cr ti n it w t l d
ese ve s or u s e a ou o e ea o as as o
in t h l t Dam dad N k C r t r pr d c d ”
e os as or ea u e s o u e .
72 IN TRO D U C TI O N
Th e po s itio n o f t h e M e d e s o n t h e Ar as e xpl ai ns
h o w t h e i n c u r s i o ns i nt o A z arb ij an o f t h e A s s yri ans
in e arly and o f t h e Ar ab s in l at e r ti me s c am e t o b e
, ,
e m b o di e d in t h e s t o ry h o w w e c o m e t o h av e t h e,
why t h e writ e r o f t h e Ar m e ni an hi s t o ry wh o p as s e s
u n d e r t h e nam e o f M o s e s o f Ch o re ne c o u pl e s t h e t wo
gr e at e ne mi e s o f t h e M e d e s in h is acc o u n t o f P e r s i an
fabl e Q u id au t e m tibi s u nt v o lu pt at i v il e s ac v anae
” 1
de By ras pe A s t y age fab u lae ? By ras p o r Biwaras p
is t h e P ahl av i t e r m fo r Z ahh ak A s t y age s w as t h e .
ar e a b e tw e e n t h e C as pi an and t h e Eu xi ne and m u ch
?
is e xpl ai ne d
Th u s far F irdau s i fo ll o w s t h e o ld Ira ni an c o s mo g ony .
I n t h e c as e o f t h e h e av e ns h e r ej e ct s it ; and it s fo u r
h e av e ns o f t h e S t ar s o f t h e M o o n o f t h e S u n and o f
t h e E ndl e s s Light s b e c o m e n ine in t h e p o e m—th o s e
, , ,
of G od . Th e s e h e av e ns w e r e s u pp o s e d t o b e cry s t al
li ne s ph e r e s with i nd e p e nd e nt m o ti o ns and fitti ng o ne
ins id e ano th e r lik e Chine s e b o x e s Th e s e v e n pl ane t s .
ar e t h e S u n M o o n M e rc u ry M ar s V e nu s J u pit e r and
, , , , , ,
S at u r n .
s tr e tch fr o m m o u nt ai n t o m o u nt ain o r fr o m s e a t o s e a ,
.
Th e
’
Th e w arri o r s h e ad s t o u ch t h e S u n o r S at u rn .
1
M osis Cho re m n s is , e d. Whi s t o n , 77
.
2
DZA , i
In o d . tr . l .
IN TRO D U C TI O N 73
t h e h e ar t s o f fl int s Th e ir p al ac e s and c as tl e s b ar t h e
.
e agl e s flight ri s e ab o v e t h e cl o u d s o r h o ld c o nv e r s e
’
and e v e n gnat s c an fi nd no r o o m t o p as s th e m In .
b attl e t h e fi e ld o r e v e n t h e wh o l e w o rld is a s e a o r
s tr e am o f g o r e A tig e r b e s trid e s an e l e ph ant and
.
r e e d b e d O ne h o r s e is s o k e e n o f s ight th at it c an s e e
-
.
’
an ant s fo o t o n bl ack cl o th at night t w o l e ag u e s aw ay .
light ning t o wi nd s mo k e o r d u s t t h e l as t b e i ng t h e
, , , ,
c o mm o ne s t fig u re in t h e p o e m Th e r e ad e r lik e t h e .
,
i ndig o o r e b o ny o r t o b e c o m e v e il e d or t o t u rn d ark
,
at no o nd ay & c Th e all u s i o n is t o t h e d u s t
,
. To s ay .
Wh e r e , .
“
”
l and and w at e r are my tr e as u r e is s ays o ne o f t h e ,
S hah s in t h e p o e m and t h e p o e t c o m p ar e s t h e j o y ,
’
o f h avi ng o ne s w o rk appr o v e d by t h e wi s e t o th at o f
s e e i ng pl e n t y o f w at e r in o ne s o wn c anal
’
C o ns e .
qu e ntly it is no t t h e blu e b u t t h e cl o u dy s k y th at
d e light s t h e Pe r s i an e y e and S pri ng with it s cl o u d s
,
, ,
and th u nd e r s h o w e r s fl o w e r s and v e rd u r e is t h e
-
, , ,
p oe t , is
lik e a cl o u d in s p ring Pe rp e tu al s pring
.
is t h e P e r s i an s no ti o n o f a p e rfec t cli m at e
’
A king .
all h is gr e at m e n ab o u t h im and h o ld s a c o u rt .
p o m e gr anat e o r J u d as tr e e bl o s s o ms in fe ar o r p as s i o n
,
-
, I n p as s i o n .
,
t o o o r fe ar t h e b o dy s h ak e s lik e a will o w tr e e t h e
,
-
and t h e bl o o d it s e lf b o il s Th e narci s s u s b e d e w s t h e
.
r o s e wh e n b e au ty w e e p s S t at u r e is lik e t h e cypr e ss
.
,
which is al s o t h e tr e e o f t h e bu ri al gr o u nd t h e tr ee -
o f p o s th u m o u s fam e o r lik e t h e
,
t e ak I n o ld age .
t h e s tr aight s t e mm e d cypr e s s s t o o p s
-
A yo u th o f .
.
pr o m i s e is a s apli ng b e ari ng it s fir s t fr u it s To .
t ak e any i m p o rt ant s t e p is t o pl an t a tr e e it m ay
b e o f r e v e ng e o r o f s o m e pr u d e nt ac t o f p o licy ,
s t an c e s t u r n o u t t o b e e ith e r g e m s o r c o l o cyn th Th e .
d e p arti ng yi e ld o u r r o o m t o o th e r s ; fo r t h e l att e r h e
app e al s t o t h e c o nfig u r ati o n o f h is nativ e l an d — t he
a pp ar e ntly e ndl e s s al t e rnati o n o f as c e nt and d e s c e n t
a m an is r ai s e d t o S at u r n o r t h e Pl e i ad e s o nly t o b e
L ik e o th e r p o e t s Fird au s i s uffe r e d fr o m t h e c o n
s tr ai nt o f rhy m e Wh e n fo r i ns t anc e we find B alkh
. ,
IN TRO D U C TI ON 75
”
at t he e nd o f o ne h e m i s tich of a
c ou pl e t t alkh is ,
“
”
t alkh m e ans bitt e r t h e s e ns e o f s u ch p as s age s is
“
a t t o b e s tr ai ne d
p S.i m il arly t h e ch ang e s are r u ng with
m il ( a m il e) and,
p il ( an e l e ph an t ) as v ers e
e nding s . Th e fir s t o f th e s e thr e e w o rd s is o ne o f t h e
’
tr ans l at o r s th o r ns in t h e fl e s h t h e p o e t u s ing it in ,
”
Nil e b u t t h e b e s t antido t e as Firdau s i w ou ld s ay fo r
, , ,
’
t h e b ane o f t h e w o rd is B u tl e r s c o u pl e t
Fo rrhy m t h e ru dde r is o f e r es
e v s ,
In o th e r w o rd s t h e p o e t u s e s nil fo r t h e s o u nd mo r e
,
“
alik e m u s t t ak e t h e c o ns e qu e nc e ; b u t th e y ar e at all
e v e nt s e x o n e r at e d fr o m s e e ki ng in s u ch p as s ag e s fo r
i nt e nd e d t o c o nve y .
CHAPT E R I II
TE XT AND TR A N S LA TI O N
an e diti o n o f t h e p o e m o ne v o l u m e o f which w as ,
as L .
ii I n 1 8 2 9 T u r ne r M ac an w h o m u s t alw ay s
.
,
h o ld t h e pl ac e o f h o no u r am o ng t h e e dit o r s o f t he
p o e m aft e r d e v o t e d l ab o u r in c o ll ati o n o f M S S
,
.
,
t o as C .
iii I n 1 8 3 8 J u l e s M o hl p u bli s h e d t h e fir s t vo l u m e
.
o f his m o s t s u m pt u o u s e diti o n at t h e e xp e ns e o f t h e
Fr e nch g o v e r nm e nt S ix v o l u m e s h av e app e ar e d ;
.
b u t t h e w o rk w as ne v e r fi ni s h e d o win g t o t h e d e ath o f
t h e e dit o r Thi s e diti on is b as e d o n an i nd e p e nd e nt
.
r e fe rr e d t o as P .
1
h l d b dd d th t t h Fr nch tr n l ti h b n c mpl t d
It s ou e a e a e e a s a on as ee o e e
by M B b i r d M y n rd fr m t h t xt f C nd t h wh l t n l
. ar e e e a o e e o , a e o e ra s a
ti n h b n p b li h d p r t l y by t h l t M d m M hl
o as ee u s e se a a e e a e a a e o .
76
IN TR O D U C TI ON 77
as T .
v I n 1 8 77 J A V u lle rs p u bli s h e d t h e fir s t v o l u m e
. . .
o f h is e diti o n and t w o o th e r
, v o l u m e s h av e s i nc e
app e ar e d Th e p u blic ati o n o f t h e third v o l u m e
.
w as i nt e rr u pt e d by t h e l am e nt e d d e ath o f t h e e dit o r ,
b u t h as s in c e b e e n c o m pl e t e d fr o m t h e m at e ri al s
l e ft by h im by S amu e l Li nd au e r Ev e n thu s t h e .
and T and o th e r s o u rc e s
,
Thi s e diti o n will b e r e fe rr e d
.
t o as V .
Th e i nd u lg e nc e b o th o f t h e P e r s i an s ch o l ar and o f
t h e E ngli s h r e ad e r is as k e d o n b e h alf o f thi s t h e fir s t
Engli s h tr ans l ati o n o f t h e p o e m as a wh o l e in vi e w
o f t h e m ag nit u d e and diffic u lty o f t h e u n d e rt aki ng .
O u r pri m e o bj e ct h as b e e n t o pr o d u c e a cl e ar and
i nt e lligibl e r e nd e ring and with thi s e nd in v i e w w e
,
h av e fo u nd it ne e dfu l t o di s p e ns e with c e rt ai n re
du ndanc e s in t h e o rigi nal All th e s e pr o b ably m ay b e
gr o u p e d u nd e r t h e fo ll o wi ng h e ad s —v ari an t c o rr u pt
.
, ,
wh at th e s e e m is s io ns am ou nt t o ; th o s e u nacqu ai nt e d
with it m ay e as ily fi nd o u t by c o m p ari ng o u r ve r s i o n
with th at o f M M o hl B o th will w e think ad m it
. .
, ,
th at w e h av e l e ft t h e fabl e ab s ol u t e ly i nt act th at ,
78 IN TR O D U C TI ON
we h ave s cr u pu l ou s ly avo id e d c u tti ng t o t h e q u ick “
ap o l o gu e s s ayi ng s o f wi s e m e n s o ng s
, t e r m i nal c ou p
, ,
l e t s p as s ag e s in which t h e p o e t S p e ak s in h is o wn
,
p e r s o n and s o me o th e r s th at s e e m e d t o l e nd th e m
,
s e lv e s t o s u ch tr e at m e n t Th e s e fo r m a v e ry s m all
.
s o m e ti m e s i nv e rt e d fo r c o nv e ni e n c e in r e nd e ri ng We .
am u s e me n t Th e r e ad e r s h ou ld
. h o we v e r cl e arly
, ,
is t h e s am e thr o u gh ou t .
is c o ns t antly v aryi ng ; s o m e ti m e s a wh o l e c o u pl e t in
t h e o rigi nal is b e s t e xpr e ss e d by a s i ngl e lin e in t h e
tr ans l ati o n ; s o m e ti m e s a li ne and a h alf t w o line s o r ,
m o r e in t h e tr ans l ati o n go t o t h e c o u pl e t in t h e
o rigi nal .Th e av e r ag e m ay b e r o u ghly s t at e d as thr e e
Engli s h line s t o t w o P e r s i an c o u pl e t s Th e r e s u lt o f.
h ave b e e n .
m at e ly m ay e xi s t as t o w h o o r wh at t h e p e r s o n o r
thi ng r e fe rr e d t o m ay b e O n t h e o th e r h and w e .
,
o ft e n fi nd a n o u n wh e r e in E ngli s h w e s h o u ld u s e a
pr o no u n and w e h av e c o ns t antly m ad e t h e s u b s t it u
,
ti o n in p as s ag e s wh e r e no d ou bt c an ari s e in t h e
r e ad e r s m i nd Ag ai n t h e c o u pl e t fo r m in which t h e
’
.
-
p o e m is wri tt e n h as a t e nd e ncy t o br e ak it u p i nt o
a s u cc e s s i o n o f s h o rt s e n t e nc e s and thi s ad de d t o t h e , ,
ab o v e m e nti o ne d u s e o f t h e no u n wh e r e w e s h o u ld
-
s e nt e n c e t o s e nt e nc e s o m e wh at abr u pt and t h e li ne
4 W. e d e s ir e t o m a k e s o m e e xpl anati o ns wi t h
i an d Z a mz am By th e s e t e r.m s is k no w n a
t h e o p e r ati o n in c o m pl e t e s il e nc e and th e n t o u tt e r ,
t h e r e s t o f t h e fo r m u l a al ou d
1
We h av e e m pl o y e d .
s u ch e xpr e s s i o ns as m u tt e ri ng o r m u tt e r e d pr ay e r
t o d e s crib e t h e pr actic e I t is s o m e ti m e s u s e d as
.
a pr e t e xt fo r o bt ai ning a fe w m o m e nt s
’
privat e c on
v e r s ati o n .
?
an c e o f c e rt ai n r e ligi o u s rit e s o f t h e Z o r o as tri ans
Th e pr actic e is cl e arly r e fe rr e d t o in E z e ki e l viii 1 6 .
,
1
WPT, ii . 1 34 .
2
H E P, 39 7 , & c .
IN T R O D U C TI O N 81
P ar s is at t h e pr e s e nt day — b u t in th at o f m au s o l e u m ,
1
ch ar ne l or ch arne l ho us e and w e h av e s o tr ans l at e d it
,
-
, .
Dihkan : Th e ge ne r al s e ns e o f thi s w o rd is th at o f
.
e l s e wh e r e w e r e t h e chi e f r e p o s it o ri e s o f t h e tr aditi o ns
m ad e t h e b as i s o f h is m o ne t ary s ys t e m by Al e x and e r
t h e Gr e at and P e r s i a p o s s es s e d no n ativ e go ld c o inag e
,
till m o r e th an fi v e c e ntu ri e s l at e r I t th e n o bt ai ne d .
o ne by a ccid e nt By t h e t e r m s o f pe ac e b e tw e e n
.
o u r m o ne y Th e s u m s e e m s t o h av e b e e n chi e fly
.
c oi nag e fo ll o w e d t h e type o f t h e au r e u s fo r h is go ld
c o ins and th at o f t h e dr ach ma fo r h is s ilve r 2
Th e
1 A f ll c
u ac o un t of t h e Dak hm a in t h e pr p r e e s e ns e o f t he w rd wil l
o
be f o u nd in DFK H P, i . 1 92 —
213 .
2
R S M , 69 .
82 IN TRO D U C TI O N
”
e xpr e s s i o n dinar s and dir am s is one fre qu e ntl y
“
.
.
a s m all l e tt e r it m a m e an e ith e r a d e m on o r a
y
me m b e r o f s o me s av ag e o r o u tl andi s h trib e 1
.
”
F a rr Th e . farr w as r e g ard e d as t h e s p e ci al
“
t h e Z andav as t a as s o m e thi ng m at e ri al th at c ou ld b e ,
w e fi nd a fe w o cc as i o ns wh e n it as s u me s a vi s ibl e
fo r m E ach o f t h e thr e e prim itiv e c as t e s i nt o which
.
”
t h e p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e thr e e fo ld farr c o ns titu t e d “
h is titl e t o t h e thr o ne Th e r e is an i ns t an c e in t h e
.
app e ar s t o b e u s e d in it s c orr e ct s e ns e w e r e nd e r it
”
by Gr ac e o r Gl o ry
“ “
.
is ab o u t thr e e qu art e r s o f a m il e l o ng e r th an o u r
-
Engli s h l e ag u e .
by a r u l e r fr o m h is o w n w ardr o b e o n s o me o ne as a
s ig n o f s p e ci al favo u r A s it w as acc o mp ani e d by .
C f t h C hin
1
xpr i n f r ign d il
. e es e e ess o o e ev s .
84 I N TRO D U C I ON T
h o w e v e r o u r fairy and fay are t h e ne ar e s t E ngl is h
,
“
e q u iv al e nt s and w e h av e s o r e nd e r e d t h e w o rd
, .
We tr ans l at e t h is w o rd by c am p e n
’
S ar apa rda .
-
“
”
cl o s u r e Th e s arap ard a w as a s cr e e n o f c anv as o r
.
o th e r m at e ri al e n circl ing an e nc am p m e n t .
,
-
s e lf is fr e q u e n tly r e fe rr e d t o as t h e s o n o f z a l t he
‘
and th e r e are
, , .
,
in s u ch a c o nt e xt th at no d ou bt is p o s s ibl e as t o t h e
id e n tity o f t h e p e r s o n r e fe rr e d t o .
h av e c arri e d o u t t h e s am e principl e in o th e r c as e s
wh e r e it s e e me d t o u s th at o b s c u rity might ari s e .
h av e k e pt C ae s ar i ns t e ad o f K ai s ar R u m an i ns t e ad o f ,
l
fe w m o r e i ns t an c e s .
is i nc o nv e ni e nt m e tric ally .
1 tr lit r ti n f pr p r n m t h b t r l
In the ans e a o o e e a es e es u e s e e ms to b e
to r t i n t h th r ghl y f mili r in th ir f mili r f rm
e a e o ou a a e a a o s. Fo r t h e
E ngli h r d r C r i d i b tt r th n K i r i d more
”
s ea e e sa
a sa s e e a a sa sa ,
o r,
c rr ctly Q i r i d
o e ,
a sa sa .
”
TN TR O D U C TI ON 85
In th e P e r s ian t h e l e tt e r k in t h e w o rd Kab u l fo r
'
usa e g s h ou ld b e S p e lt Q ar an S i m il arly t h e z in t he
,
.
. a
b u t w e th o u ght th at o n t h e wh o l e it w as b e tt e r no t t o
m ak e s u ch di s t incti o ns .
8 Th o s e w h o d e s ir e t o c o m p ar e o ur tr ans l atio n
.
’
b e ginning o f th at p age in Vu lle rs e ditio n o f t h e
t e xt .
are r e pri nt e d at t h e e nd o f t h e vo l u m e t o s e rv e as a
T able o f C onte nt s .
1 2 Finally w e h av e t o ask o u r r e ad e rs no t t o
.
s tr e ngth o f it s fir s t fe w p ag e s Th e Pr e l u de and t h e.
fau lt Th e p o e t hi ms e lf as r e ad e rs o f t h e o rigin al
.
,
1
t h e r e ign o f J am s h id I n s pit e o f t h e h e r o ic t al e o f
.
Ir aj and mu ch e l s e th at is b o th c u ri ou s and in t e r e s t
,
1 N IN , 3 7
“
.
86 IN TR O D U C TI O N
ing we s h o u ld b e i ncline d t o pu t t h e b e gi nni ng o f
,
TH E o ld P e r s i an ye ar w as s o l ar and b e g an at t h e
v e rnal e q u i no x I t c o ns i s t e d o f 3 6 5 d ay s divid e d
.
p r idi ng v i t ft r w h m it w n me d th u s
‘
‘
e s o e r a e o as a , ,
Day U rmu z d
1 . Day 16 . M ih r .
n B a m an h . 17 . r h
S u as .
u A rdib ih is h t . 18 .
b S h ariv ar
-
. 19 . F r rdi n
a va .
p S apanda rmad . 20 . B h r am
a .
u
p Kh u rda d . 21 . Ram .
I) w M u rdad
.
,
Bad .
o
c Dai pa A dar . 23 . Dai pa Din .
9 A dar. . 24 .
Io A a n
. b . A rd .
1 1 K u rs d
. h hi . 26 . A sh t ad .
12 M ah . . 27 . A s man .
1 3 . Tir . 28 . Z amiy ad .
14 G as h
. . 29 . M ah ras pand .
1 5 Dai pa M
. ih r .
‘
30 . A nairan .
M arch 21 to A pril 1 9 .
PRI N G A pril 20 M ay 19 .
M ay 20 J n 8
u e 1 .
J n 9
u e 1 J ly 8
u 1 .
S U MM ER J uly 9 1 A g t 7
u us 1 .
A g t
u us 18 S pt mb r
e e e 16 .
AN TR O D U C TI ON 89 i
t br 7
S ep em e 1 to Oct b r 6 o e 1 .
A U TUMN O ct b r 7
o e 1 N mb r
o ve e 15 .
N ov e mb r 6 e 1 D c mb r
e e e 1 5 .
D c emb r 6
e e 1
WI NT E R J n ary 5
a u 1 F br ry
e ua 13 .
ua 1 a 1 .
G AI UM A RT
H US HA N O
M ardas .
1 g e ne ra 3 g e ne ra
Pas hang .
R us t
am .
1
92 I N TR O D U CTI O N
TH E K I NG S A ND HE R O E S or T URAN
( S H AH N AM A BunDA HI S H C OM BIN ED )
‘ '
A ND .
PA S H A N G .
A f e ma l e de
s c e ndant o r
r l ti
e a ve : KA I KAU S
Pas ang
lh Jah n
l Farangis S iy aw us h
hi
.
( S da )
A daug e r ht K kha
u ra n.
Taz h av .
Th e rac e be co me s e x ct
ti ng .
ABB R EVI AT I O N S
C —M acan s ed i ti on o f th e S h ah nama
’
L—L u ms den s
.
.
do
’
.
P —
. .
M oh l s ’
T —Tih ran
.
A pl i n nd lit r l tr n l ti n f th A r bi n N ight
a a e a a s a o o e a a s
’
E n t rt i nm nt n w ntitl d t h B k f
e a Th nd e s, o e e e oo o a o u sa
Th C h h ar M qal ( F r Di c r
e a ) f N idh ami—i a a
“
ou s ou se s
”
o
A r di i S m q ndi Tr n l t d i nt E ngli h by
'
’
11 - -
a ar a . a s a e o s
Ed ward G . B rown e, MA . .
,
M E . .
H 1 s t ory i By D b h i F mj i K r k C S I
of t h e Pars s . os a a ra a a a, . . .
Th H i t ry f A nti q ity Fr m t h G r m n f Pr f
e s o r
o u . o e e a o o e s so
M D nck r ax By t h l t E ly n A bb tt M A
u e . e a e ve o ,
. .
P f D m t t
ro e s s or Tr n f t h Z nd t in t h ar es e e r s
’
a s . o e a av as a e
S cr d B k a f th E t
e R f r nc t P rt oo nd s o e as . e e e e o a s
1
a
p g a es .
E ast rn P r i en A cc nt f t h J rn y f t h P r i n
e s a, a ou o e ou e s o e e s a
B nd ry C m mi i n 8 7 —
ou —
7 7a o ss o , 1 0 1 2 .
Th H i t r y f I ndi
e t l d by it w n H i t ri n By
s o o a as o s o s o a s .
S i H M E lli t K C B
r . . o ,
. . .
Th H i t ry f t h
e D cli n nd F ll
s o f th R m n o e e e a a o e o a
D n M il m n nd M G i t
ea E dit d w ith dditi n l a a . u z o . e ,
a o a
H i t ir d P r
s o pa l C mt d G bi n
e es e s es r e o e e o e au .
1
The se c o nd ed iti on of Par t I . is re f rre d e to un ess l o th rwi e se
e c ifi e d.
94 TR O D U C TI O N IN
H EP . E y n t h S cr d L ng ag Wr iti ng nd R ligi n
ss a s o e a e a u e, s, a e o
f th P r i
o By M rti n H g Ph D Edit d nd
e a s s . a au , . . e a
nl rg d by E W W t Ph D
e a e . . es ,
. .
HHR . H i t ric l R
s o rch By A H L H r n E ngli h
a e sea es . . . . ee e . s
Tr n l ti n a s a o .
Th I ndi n E mpi r
e By W W H nt r a e . . . u e ,
LLD . .
A i By A H K n
s a . . . ea e,
KU R . Kit b i Y mi n i
a f A l U tb i
-
T r n l t d by t h R
-
a o . a s a e e ev .
J m R yn ld B A
a es e o s, . .
H i t ry f P r i
s o By S i J h n M lc l m G C B
o e s a. r o a o ,
. . .
Th L if e f M h mm d By Willi m M i r E q
e o u a a . a u ,
s .
R evL H M il l T r n f t h Z nd
. . t a in t h S c r d
. s
’
a s . o e a av as e a e
B k f th E t
oo R f r n c t P rt nd p g
s o e as . e e e e o a a a es .
D I r ni ch N ti n l p
as a n Th d r N Old ks e a o a e os vo eo o e e.
N S EH . S k tch
e f r m E t rn H i t ry By Th d r N ld k
es o as e s o . eo o o e e .
E ngli h T r n l ti n s a s a o .
G chicht d Pr r nd A r b r
es Z it d S ni d n
e er e se u a e z ur e er asa e .
A d A r bi ch n C h r nik d T b r i U b
us er t t nda s e o es a a e rs e z u
Th e H i t ry f th S r c n By S i m n O ckl y F rth
s o o e a a e s. o e . ou
Editi n o .
R EG M . Th Fi e Gr t M n rchi f th A nci nt E t rn
ve ea o a es o e e as e
W rl d By G rg R wli n n M A
o . eo e a so , . .
Th K r n t r n l t d fr m t h A r bic
e o a By J M R d a s a e o e a . . . o
w ll S c nd Editi n
e . e o o .
R c rd
e o f th P t Fi r t S ri
s o e as . s e es .
D S c nd S r i O. e o e es .
R w li n n M A
a so , . .
m nt By t h R
e A H S yc s. e e v. . . a e.
WPT . D E W W t Tr n
r. . f t h P hl i T xt in t h
. es
’
s a s o . e a av e s e
B k f th E t
oo R f r nc t P r t
s o nd p g e as . e e e e o a s a a es .
TH E S H A H N A M A O F F I R DA us !
t b o fl tt ri ng nticip ti n f
e a a nt n th p
e t p rt a a o o e ve s o e oe
’
s a .
1
Th t r ty m i ni t r w n d bt A bu l A bb a F l
e
“
us s e
”
as o ou
’ ’
s az .
Th g rd n ef Ir m w r a i d t h b n b ilt b y S h dd d
e s o a e e sa o av e ee u a a ,
so n f A d th t h might n ticip t
o , n r th t h j y pr m i d
a e a a e o ea e o s o se
him in P r di by t h pr ph t H ad A ft r t il xt nding r
a a se e o e . e o e e o ve
c nt ri t h w rk w c m pl t d b t S h dd d w n t h
e u es e o as o e e ,
u as a a as o e
p i n t f n t ri n g i n t p
o O e i n h nd ll h i b t w r l i n
e o os se s s o , e a a s es e e s a
by ic f r m h n
a vo e o e av e .
2
N i d Din a S b k t igin (
as ru
’
-
p c. u u see
c mm nd r—
.
,
N M h mud y ng t br th r ct d
as r, a i chi f
’
s ou es o e , a e as o a e h -
e ,
and g rn d t h pr i nc f N i h apur Af t r m y r f
o ve e e ov e O s . e so e ea s o
su cc f l dm i ni t r ti n h w r c ll d t c rt nd r d hi
ess u a s a o e as e a e o ou a se ve s
b r th r in
o eri c p citi H w va p t r n f l rni ng nd
ou s a a es . e as a a o o ea a
di d y ng
e ou .
3
Th p r i n c
“
f Tu
e pp r t h b n A r lan J a ib ne
e o s a ea s o ave ee s z ,
o
f S lt an M h mud m t f m gnrl ’
o u a s os a ou s e e a s .
IN th e b o th wi s d o m and m i nd
nam e o f t h e L o rd of ,
Th e L o rd o f wh at e v e r is nam e d o r as s igne d
A pl ac e t h e S u s t aine r o f all and t h e Gu id e
, ,
Th e L o rd o f S at u r n and t h e t u r ni ng s k y ,
Wh o c au s e t h V e nu s S u n and M o o n t o S hine , , ,
Th e Arti s t o f t h e h e av e n s j e w e lry !
’
S i nc e m in d and wi s d o m fail t o p e ne tr at e
B e y ond o u r e l e m e nt s b u t o p e r at e ,
O n m att e r s th at t h e s e ns e s r e nd e r pl ain .
1
K annu j s e e ms to h av e b e e n t ak e n in A . D . 10 19 . EHI, 11. 4 57 .
2
BA N , iv . 1 1 3 .
11
K U R , 4 84 .
TH E PR E L UDE
N o ne th e n c an pr ai s e G o d as H e is O b s e rv e .
’
Thy d u ty : t is t o gird thy s e lf t o s e rv e .
C o nfe s s H is b e i ng b u t affirm no m o r e ,
I S k no wl e dg e ; th u s o ld h e art s gr o w y o u ng ag ai n ,
Bu t thing s ab o ve t h e V e il s u rp as s in h e ight
All w o rd s : G o d s e s s e nc e is b ey o nd o u r k e n
’
.
A S G o d s b e s t gift t o th e e e xt o l t h e w o rth
’
Kno w no t o f h appi ne s s o ne m o m e nt m o r e .
Will by s o d o i ng m ak e h is o wn h e art bl e e d
Th e pr u d e n t s p e ak o f h im as o ne p o s s e s s e d ,
”
A nd h e is no t o f u s h is k in pr o t e s t .
I n b o th w o rld s wi s d o m re c o m m e nde t h th e e
Wh e n gyv e s are o n t h e ankl e s o f t h e m ad ;
I t is t h e mi nd s e y e ; if th o u d os t no t s e e
’
All c au s e s it m ay b e o f g o o d o r ill .
To pr ai s e b o th m i nd and wi s d o m w h o w o u ld d ar e ?
A nd if I v e ntu r e w h o w o u ld h e ar m e thr o u gh ?
,
S in c e th e n 0 m an o f wi s d o m ! th o u c ans t do
,
1
N 0 g o o d by w o rd s h e r e o n pr o c e e d d e cl ar e
, ,
Cr e ati o n s pr o c e s s G o d cr e at e d th e e
’
.
Le t wi s d o m b e thy m i ni s t e r t o fe nd
Thy m i nd fr o m all th at s e lf r e s p e ct s h o u ld S h u n
-
L e arn by t h e w o rd s o f s ag e s h o w t o w e nd
Thy w ay r o am e arth c o nv e r s e with e very o ne ;
, ,
A nd wh e n th o u h e ar es t any m an o f l o r e
Di s c o u r s e S l e e p no t incr e as e thy wi s d o m s s t o r e ;
, ,
’
H o w m u ch t h e r o o t s th e r e o f are o u t o f r e ach .
Of t he M aking f
O t he Wor ld
Th e gr e at ne s s o f H is o wn s u pr e m acy .
A nd w at e r ; u nd e r ne ath w as d u s ky e arth .
§4
Of the N atu re of M an
A farth e r s t e p —m an c o m e th i nt o s ight ;
L o cks h ad b e e n mad e ; h e w as t h e k e y o f e ach .
S u b m i s s t o wi s d o m and e nd o w e d with S p e e ch ,
P o s s e s s e d o f kno wl e dg e wi s d o m r e as o ning
, , ,
H e r u l e th o th e r cr e at u r e s as th e ir ki ng .
Th o u k no w s t it m ay b e b u t t h e fe e bl e s id e
’
Of m o rt al m an wh e r e i n no tr ac e is s h o wn
,
A m ighty p a rt n e r s hip —t o fu r ni s h th e e .
H o ld no t thy s e lf th e n lightly I h av e k no w n .
S hr e wd m e n s p e ak o th e rwi s e b u t w h o s h all tr o w
,
Th e s e cr e t s th at p e rt ain t o G o d al o ne
L o o k t o t h e e nd ac t e v e r rightfu lly
,
Bu t if th ou w o u ld s t e s c ap e c al am ity ,
I n b o th w o rld s fr o m t h e ne t o f b al e b e fr e e d
A nd in G o d s s ight a right e o u s m an i nd e e d
’
Th e n t o y o n s wiftly tu r ni ng d o m e thy g az e
Dir e ct th at c au s e o f ang u i s h and r e li e f
, ,
A d o m e no t fr e tt e d by t h e l ap s e o f day s
A nd u naffe ct e d by o u r j oy o r gri e f ;
TH E P RE L UD E 10 5
It t y th no t t o r e s t b u t t u rne th s till
s a e ,
N o t p e ris hi ng lik e u s b u t u nd e c ay e d
Th e r e bo th t h e t e r m and pr o c e s s are di s pl ay e d ,
Of t he N a tu re f
O the S u n
O f r u by is y o u az u r e d o m e no t m ad e ,
Withi n t he d om e a gl add e ni ng G e m b e h o ld
R e v o lving ; th e nc e t h e ligh t o f day is s pr e ad ,
A nd e v e ry m o rn i ng lik e a S hi e ld o f g o ld
I t r ai s e th fr o m t h e E as t it s S hi ni ng h e ad ;
Th e e arth is cl ad in r o b e s o f s pr e adi ng light ,
, ,
M o s t r e g u l ar in all th e ir m o v e m e nt s th e y .
0 th o u my S u n ! h as t th ou for m e no ray 7
Of the N a t ure O f t he M o o n
, , ,
Th e n if t h e g az e r far aw ay s e cu r e
A gli m p s e th e r e o f t is qu ickly l o s t t o S igh t ;
,
’
Bu t o n t h e fo ll o wi ng e v e it s e e m e th m o r e
A nd yi e ld e th u nt o th e e a l arg e r light .
I n fo u rt e e n d ay s it w ax e th fu ll and bright ,
I n fo u rt e en w ane t h till it s c o u r s e is ru n ,
S u ch w as t h e natu r e g i ve n by G o d s d e cr e e ’
§ 7
The Prais e f
o rophet
t he P and his Compa nions
I f th o u w ou ld s t h av e thy h e art no t s ad no t s e e ,
Wh at w as it th at H e s aid t h e i ns pir ed L o rd , ,
“
I am t h e City o f t h e D o ctri ne h e ,
Th at is t h e g at e w ay t o it is A li ’
.
I wit ne s s th at H is h e art is in th at w o rd
A S th o u gh as t h o u m ay s t s ay H is v o ic e I h e ard
, ,
.
A S th o s e th at g av e t h e F aith s t ability ;
Th e s e are t h e m o o ns t h e Pr o ph e t is t h e s u n ;
,
With th e m in u ni o n is t h e w ay to ru n .
S l av e o f t h e Pr o ph e t s S l av e s with pr ai s e I gr e e t
’
Th e d u s t u p o n h is m and at ary s fe e t
’
,
Wh at o th e r s s ay t o m e is no c onc e r n ,
This is m y w ay fr o m thi s I ne v e r tu r n
,
.
10 8 TH E S H A H N A M A OF P I RDA 0 5 1
On the Co mp ilation f
o t he S hahnama
A ll h av e go ne s w e e pi ng in t h e g arth o f l o r e
A nd wh at I t e ll h ath all b e e n t old b e fo r e ,
Bu t th o u gh u p o n a fr u it tr e e I O bt ai n
-
D e e m n o t th e s e l e g e nd s lyi ng fant as y ,
A S if t h e w o rld w e r e alw ay s in o ne s t ay ,
Fo r m o s t acc o rd wi t h s e ns e o r anyw ay
,
C o n t ain a m o r al.
I n t h e d ay s g o ne by
Th e r e w as an E pic Cycl e s pr e ad br o adc as t
A m o ng t h e l e ar ne d arc h m age s and at l as t
,
Fo r any l e g e nd s o f th e ag e s p as t ,
I nt e nt o n l e ar ni ng wh at m igh t y e t b e k no w n ,
To as k ab o u t t h e annal s o f t h e thr o ne ,
Th e fam e d s u cc e s s fu l h e r o e s o f o ld ti m e ,
Wh at m e n w e r e d o i ng in th o s e d ay s t h at w e
I nh e rit s u ch a w o rld o f m i s e ry ,
§ 9
Of the poe t B a k ik i
N ow ,
wh e n th e r e ad e r s o f t h e b o o k h ad br o u gh t
Th e s t o ri e s i nt o v o gu e all h e arts w e r e c au ght
, ,
A nd e v e ry o n e r ej o ic e d at h is i nt e nt
Bu t vici o u s h abit s w e r e his fri e nd s th o u gh w e ,
S h ou ld h o ld all vic e s fe e s th at w e S h o u ld dr e ad ,
I m p o s e d it s gl o o m y h e l m e t o n h is h e ad .
H im tr u e e nj o y m e nt fo r a S ingl e day
Whil e fo rt u ne qu ickly t u rne d it s fac e aw ay
H e p e ri s h e d by t h e h and o f h is o w n s l av e .
D e p arti ng thu s h e l e ft th os e t al e s o f yo r e
Unt o ld ; th e ir w ak e ne d fo rt u ne S l e pt o nc e m o re .
A s s ign him at t h e l as t an h o no u r e d pl ac e .
I s aid t h e t al e s in l ang u ag e o f m i ne o wn
“
, .
TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI R DA U S I
I as ke d p e rs o ns m o r e than I c an s ay
of ,
Fo r I w as fe arfu l a s ti me p as s e d aw ay
Th at life w o u ld no t s u ffic e b u t th at I t o o
,
S h o u ld l e av e t h e w o rk fo r o th e r h and s t o do .
I t w as a ti m e o f w ar a s tr ait e ne d age
,
Fo r th o s e wh o h ad p e titi o ns t o pr e fe r .
M u ch ti me e l ap s e d I s till c o nc e al e d fr o m all
.
My s e cr e t p u rp o s e fo r I c ou ld no t s e e
,
M o r e e xc e ll e nt th an no bl e w o rd s ? M e n c all
D o w n bl e s s ing s o n th e m m e n b o th gr e at and s m all
, .
G o o d w o rd s h ad G o d v ou ch s afe d no t t o pr o vid e ,
H o w h ad t h e Pr o ph e t e v e r b e e n o u r g u id e
I h ad a d e ar fri e n d in t h e city th o u ,
I u n d e rt ak e fo r m y p ar t t o pr o c u r e
Thi s anci e nt P e rs i an b o o k ; b u t b e no t S l ack .
O f y o u th and e l o qu e n c e th o u h as t a s t o r e ,
Th e s t o ri e s o f o u r ki ng s afr e s h r e l at e ,
I n Pr ais e f
o A bu M ans ur, S o n of M u hammad
Wh e n I
.
bt aine d t h e v ol u m e a gr and e e
O
, ,
H ath s u ch a ki ng b e e n s e e n by h u m an e y e ;
Th e cr o w n ab o v e h is thr o ne is lik e t h e s u n ,
A nd m ak e th e arth as bright as iv o ry .
H o w c ans t th o u s ay : I t is t h e s u n i nd e e d
Fr o m h im by far m o r e gl o ri o u s r ays pr o c e e d .
H is is t h e Gr ac e which O p e ne th afar
Y o n m i ne s o f g o ld .
Aw o k e my s l u mb e ring s t ar .
I d e as p o u r e d thr ou gh m y br ai n t u m u lt u o u s ly .
M e th ou ght : Th e ti m e fo r s p e aki ng in g o o d s o o th
“
S h o ne in t h e d ark . Th e n I b e h e ld in s l e e p
A daz z h ng l u s tr e ris i ng fr o m t h e d e e p
A nd m aki ng by t h e bright ne s s o f it s r ay s
Th e gl o o m o f e art h like glitt e ri ng g e m s Th e w as t e .
A nd in t h e m id s t a t u rqu o i s e thr o ne w as pl ac e d .
Up o n t h e thr o ne th e r e s at a m o o n lik e ki ng -
With o n h is h e ad a cr o wn fo r c o v e ring .
H is ar m y s tr e tch e d t w o m il e s To l e ft th e r e w e r e
.
B e fo r e h im s too d a tr u s ty m i nis t e r
To gu id e h im t o t h e F aith and t o do right .
TH E PRE L UDE 1 1 3
A nd m ighty el e ph ant s my h e ad w as d az e d ,
A n d as u p o n h is r o y al fac e I g az e d
To th at ill u s tri ou s c o mp any I s aid
I S thi s t h e s k y and m o o n o r thr o ne and cr o w n
,
A re th e s e h is s oldi e r s o r t h e s t ar s c o m e d o w n ?
O ne ans w e r e d : Tis t h e ki ng o f Rum and I nd
’
Th at d o ne h ath s e t t h e cr o wn u p on h is br o w
, .
M ah m ud t h e w o rldlo rd t h e gr e at S hah d o th
, ,
bring
T o g e th e r S h e e p and w o lf fo r w at e ri ng .
Th e m o narch s fr o m K as h m ir d o w n t o t h e s e a
O f Ch in are i ns t an t in h is e u l o gy ,
A nd childr e n y e t withi n th e ir c o t s pr o cl ai m
With lip s u nw e ane d as th e ir fir s t w o rd h is nam e
Do th o u t o o t e ll h is pr ai s e fo r th o u c ans t s p e ak
, ,
A nd thr o u gh h im e v e rl as t i ng gl o ry s e e k .
Wh e n I aw ak e ne d t o my fe e t I s pr ang ,
A s k y wh e n c e in th e ir s e as on S h o w e r s c o m e
A nd m ak e t h e w o rld a g ard e n o f I r am .
OF PI R DA U S I
A b o u nt e o u s H e av e n at b anqu e t s th o u wilt fi nd ,
A s h arp cl aw e d Dr ag o n in t h e fr ay m e anwhil e ;
-
, .
Wh e n h e is wr o th o pp o s i ng fo rt u ne s m ight
,
’
Fr e e b o rn o r o th e rwi s e b u t no bl e s till, ,
D e v o t e d li e g e s o f t h e ki ng o f king s ,
H av e e ach a pr o vi nc e u nd e r th e ir c o ntr ol ,
Th e fo r e m o s t is h is br o th e r w h o in y e ars ,
I s y o u ng e r b u t in c ou r ag e h ath no p e e r s ;
,
H at h r o u nd h is thr o ne t h e Pl e i ad s in a ring ,
A nd is t h e l o rd o f pr o w e s s r e d e and m ight , ,
Wh o m o ck e th li o ns in t h e b attl e tid e -
A nd lav is h e t h wh at fo rt u ne m ay acc o rd
To h im d e s iri ng h o no u r nau ght b e s id e
, , .
H e l e ad e th m e n t o G o d ; his pr ay e r is s till
Th at t h e S hah s h e ad m ay b e pr e s e rve d fr o m ill
’
.
M ay e arth ne e r s e e th at r o y al h e ad go d o wn
’
,
A n d m ay t h e S hah r ej o ic e fo r e v e r thu s ,
N o w t o t h e o p e ning o f my w o rk o nc e m o r e
To t e ll t h e t al e s o f fam ou s ki ng s o f yo r e .
A R GU M E N T
p t t ll t h hi t ry f t h fir t t n S h ah f Iran d crib
The oe e s e s o o e s e s o ,
es es
t h pr g r
e f t h w rl d f r m b r b i m t
o ess c lt r nd t h
o e o o a ar s o u u e, a e
i n nti n f t h rt nd ci nc
ve o n d fi n lly h w t h
o Gr c e a s a s e es, a a o e a e
d p r t d f r m t h Pi h dadi n Dy n ty th r gh t h
e a e o nw rthi n e s a as ou e u o ess
a nd d g n r cy f it r p
e nt ti e e a o s e re s e a ve s .
NO E T
Th e wo rd
Pis h dadi an, t he nam e v e n t o t he S a s o f t he rs gi hh fi t
i
Iran an D nas , me ans y ty th
o s e o f t h e o ld law o r o r gina d s e ns a i l ip
tion Z o ro as r an s m w as u
. ti i
u o n an b ilt
o de r o u nda o n o f p l f ti
t
n a u r e wo r s , to
w
-
hip hich it b
e ars s o m e s u re a o n as t he N e w ch l ti
T t
e s am e n t
b e ars t o t h e O ld O ne o f t he o ds o f t h e e de r a . g l f ith
h i bc
A u ra, t h e A s u ra o f I n d a— e am e t h e s u r e me de ,
A u ra p ity h
i p ti
M az da, o f t h e ne w d s e ns a o n, and t h e U rmuz d o f t h e S h ah nama .
A cc i gly
ord n fi t hh
G aium art , t he p xp ly
rs S a in t he oe m, is e re s s
cg i fi t hipp
re o n s e d in t he Zandavas t a, as t he rs wo rs e r o f U rm uz d
‘
c nd S h ah i n tit t t h w r hip f fi —
.
H fi h ng t hs a ,
e se o , s u es e o s o re a
ch r ct ri tic f t r f Z r t ri ni m U m d in t h Z nd
a a e s ea u e o o o as a s . r uz e a a
p r d him t nd r t k t h p r t f la i r ft rw rd t k n
e sua e o u e a e e a o ve a e a s a e
b y Z r t r b t Yi m th r gh m d ty d cli n
o o as e ,
u a ou o es e es .
Z r t ri ni m th r f r in
o oa s n itdbfr Zr tr
a s e e o e a se se ex s e e o e o o as e ,
w ith w h d nt t h Z nd t
os e nd ; h nc th r i l
a ve e a av as a e s e e e e s ess
an c hr ni m th n m ight b
a o pp d in t h ll i n ft n m d
s a e su ose e a us o s, o e a e
in t h rli r p r t f t h p m t fi w r hip t h Z nd t
e ea e a s o e oe ,
o re -
o s ,
e a av as a,
compl t r l ti n
e e e ve a o .
DZA , ii . 20 0 .
'
G A I IJ M A R T
HE RE IG N E D FO R TH I RTY Y E A RS
T A R GU M E N
G ium t t h fi r t S h ah nd t h fi r t r l r f t h w r l d i nc r
a ar ,
e s a e s u e o e o ,
u s
th n y
e f A hr i m n w h
e v ond h t f di t tt ck him a o se s a os o vs o a a
c mm nd d by t h B l ck Di —t h n f A hrim n S iy am k
, ,
o a e e a v e so o a . a ,
f G i m t with n rmy nc nt r t h B l ck Di
’
th n
e so o a ii ar ,
a a e ou e s e a v
a nd i l in b t i
s s a n g d by hi ,
n H u h ng w h
u cc d t
s av e e s so s a ,
o su ee s o
t h th r n
e n th d th f hi g r ndf th r
o e o e ea o s a a e .
NO E T
Th e p t
cc nt f G ium t mit m ch Z r tri n
oe in his a ou o a ar o s u o o as a
l r I n t h B n d hi h U m d i r pr nt d fir t cr ti ng
o e e u a s r uz s e ese e as s ea
t w b i ng —t h r pr
.
o e n t ti
s f m nki n d end f th e ni m l e se a ve s o a ,
a o e a a s
O x F
. th r th nd y r th y li d h ppily nd nm l t d
or ee ou s a ea s e ve a a u o es e
in t h w rl d f U m d A t t h xpi r ti n f thi p ri d
e o o r uz . e e a o o s e o
A hr i m n il d t h c r ti n f U m d nd l w b th t h O
a as s a e e ea o o r uz
,
a s e o e x
a nd G ium t ; b t t h l tt r
a r i d t h f rm r by thi r ty y r
ar u e a e su v ve e o e ea s,
which b c m t h d r ti n f t h r ig n f t h fir t S hah in t h
e a e e u a o o e e o e s e
p m Th O in dyi ng g
oe . e rigi n t t h pl nt nd ni m l
x ave o o e a s a a a s,
a n d G ium t t t h fir t h m n c
a ar pl — M a hy nd M a hy oi
o e s u a ou e s a1 a s
in t rn p r d c d fi p ing m ng which w S iy am k w h
'
wh o u o u e o s r a o as a , o
i r pr
s nt d
e th
e se n f G ium t in t h S h ahnam
e as In t h
e so o a ar e a . e
o f t h B l ck Di n t di r ctly by A h ri m n
e a in t h B nd hi h
v, o e a as e u a s .
Th r d r m y b r mi n d d th t t h B nd hi h i
e ea e a P hl i
e e e a e u a s s a a av
ve r i n f t h l t b k f t h Z nd t k n wn t h Damdad
s o o e os oo o e a av as a o as e
or r c pr d c d
a es o u e .
L m n DZA i l iii 1
e. a . , . v .
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
O F FI R DA U S f
u p on a t i n M nt i n
mou n a . ou a s wr l k d p n
e e oo e u o as s a cr d pl c
e a es
in ld tio b i ng n r r h n U m d r l t h Z nd
m e s as e ea e e av e . r uz e ve a s e a a
v ast t Z r t r n t h m nt i n f t h h ly Q ti n I n
a o o o as e o e ou a o e o ues o s .
‘
t h di i i n f m n ki nd i n t c t
e v s o in t h r ig n f J m hid t h
o a o as es e e o a s e
m nt i n
ou p ci lly t p r t f t h p ri t
a s are s e Th m th r
a se a a or e es s. e o e
o f F idfi n with h
ar i nf n t n t k r f g with h ly h rmit
er a so a es e u e a o e
wh dw ll
o n M nt A l b r
e s nd th r
o t K i K b ad t h
ou u z , a e e oo a u ,
e
t t h th r n
o e o e.
§ 1
o and o
f
T al e s t o ld by s ir e t o s o n d e cl ar e t o th e e ,
Wh o w as t h e fir s t t o u s e t h e r o y al s tyl e
A nd s t o o d t h e h e ad o f all t h e m ighty fi le .
Wh e n S ol w as d o m inant in Ari e s
A nd s h o ne s o brightly th at t h e w o rld gr e w y o u ng .
I t s l o rd w as G aium art w h o dw e l t at fir s t ,
Fo r fo o d and dr e s s w e r e in th e ir infan cy .
1
I nt r o d. p . 62 .
TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI RDA U s f
Wh o li s t e ne d e ag e rly ; h is h e art s e e th e d u p
With r ag e H e g ath e r e d tr o o p s arr ay e d hi m s e lf
.
,
I n l e o p ard s ki n fo r m ail w as y e t u nw o r n
-
, ,
A nd w e n t t o fight Wh e n h o s t m e t h o s t h e c am e
.
A n d r e n t him o p e n Th u s di e d S iy arnak
.
By th at fo u l h and and l e ft t h e ar m y c h ie fl e s s .
_ br o k e n ,
C o ns u m e d u p o n t h e fl am e s o f w o e and w ail e d ,
A s cl ad in t u rq u o i s e c o l o u r e d g arb th e y s t o o d
-
B e fo r e t h e p o rt al o f t h e S hah All ch e e k s .
W e re wi ne re d fo r all e y e s s h e d t e ar s of bl o o d
-
,
.
Bird s ti m id b e as t s and fi e rc e fl o ck e d t o t h e m o u nt ai n
, ,
B e fo r e t h e c o u rt g at e o f t h e m ighty S hah
-
Wh e n o ne y e ar h ad p as s e d th u s t h e bl e s t S u rus h
Was s e nt by G o d h e gr e e t e d G aifi m art
A nd s aid : L am e nt no m o r e c o ntr o l thy s e lf , ,
Up o n h is G o d h e wip e d h is t e ar s aw ay
,
Th e bles s éd S iy am ak h ad l e ft a s o n ,
I t w as t h e l o s t r e s t o r e d and fo ndly ch e ri s h e d ,
A nd th e r e fo r e b e i ng s e t o n w ar t h e S hah
S e n t fo r t h e pri nc e and fr ank ly t o ld h im all
I m e an t o g ath e r tr o o p s and r ai s e t h e w ar cry -
Bu t th o u b e i ng y o u ng s h alt l e ad fo r I am s p e nt .
H e r ai s e d a h o s t o f fairi e s li o ns p ard s
, , ,
A nd r av e ne r s as w o lv e s and fe arl e s s t ig e r s
, ,
Bu t t o o k t h e r e ar h is gr and s on le d t h e h o s t
,
.
Th e Bl ack Div th o u gh in t e rr o r r ai s e d t h e d u s t
To h e av e n b u t his cl aw s w e r e h angi ng s l ack
,
Fr ay e d by t h e r o ari ng b e as t s Hu s h ang s aw t hi s
.
Th e n fl ay e d h im l o ppi ng o ff h is m o ns tr ou s h e ad
, ,
A nd tr am pl e d h im in s c o r n th u s fl ay e d and s h e nt .
Th e d ay s o f G ai u m art h ad r e ach e d th e ir cl o s e
Wh e n h e achi e ve d thi s v e ng e anc e o n his fo e s ;
H e p as s e d aw ay t h e w o rl d w as fo r his h e ir
, ,
Bu t s e e w h o h ath h ad gl o ry t o c o m p ar e
With h is H e o w ne d thi s tricky w o rld and m ad e
Th e p ath o f g ai n his p ath and y e t h e s t ay e d
,
N o t t o e nj o y fo r lik e a s t o ry d o ne
,
HE RE I G N E D FO RTY Y E A RS
A R G U M EN T
H fi s hang cc d su ee s his gr ndf th r G i m t S hah H i
a a e a li
'
ar as . e s
a gr t c lt r h r
ea u u e -
e o, a nd i n nt th r t f W rki n g in m t l
ve s e a s o o e a s,
i rrig ti n gric lt r
a o ,
a u u e, & H intr d c
c . th f d m tic
e o u es e use o o es
a ni m l nd di c
a s a r s o ve s fi Hrei n tit t it w r hip nd f nd
. e s u es s o s , a ou s
th fe t fS d
e as o a a .
NO E T
H fi s hang— t h e H ao s hy an gh a of t he Z andav as t a —is acc o rdi ng t o
,
t he o ld r e au th oriti e s, t he fir t S h ah
s of t he Pis hdadi an d yn ty as ,
an d gr nd n n t t h n f S iy am k S iy am k nd hi
t he a so , o e so ,
o a . a a s
wi f N hak pr d c d p ir n m d F ak nd F ak in w h
e as o u e a a a e rav a rav a ,
o
pr d c d in th ir t rn fift n p ir O f th
o u e ni ne p ir p u ee a s. e se , e a s ro
ce ed d n t h b ck f t h
e o S k thr gh t h
e c n —t h
a o e ox ars ao ou e o ea e
ch in f r i r l k
a o nd g lfve rr ndi ng t h c nt r l
s, a es, s e as , a u s su ou e e a
th r whil t h th r i p ir f wh m H h ng nd hi wif
e e, e e o e s x a s, o o
’
11 s a a s e
Gu h k w r
z na r m i n d t p pl t h c n t r l cli m withi n
e e o e, e a e o eo e e e a e
which I ran i it t d s s ua e .
1
§ 1
Hu s h ang a j u s t and pr u d e nt s o v e r e ig n
, ,
A s s u m e d h is gr ands ir e s cr o w n Fo r fo rty ye ar s ’
.
1 WPT , i .
58 .
12 4 TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI RDA vs i
Th at night h e m ad e a mighty bl az e h e s to o d ,
Ar ou nd it with h is m e n and h e ld t h e fe as t
C all e d S ad a ; th at bright fe s tiv al r e m ai ne th
A s h is m e m o ri al and m ay e arth s e e
,
H e s l e w t h e fu rry ro v e r s fo r th e ir s kins ,
S o s l e e k o f h air ; t h e r o v e r s cl o th e d t h e t alk e r s .
H e gav e s p e nt fr e e ly an
,
d e nj o y e d t h e fr u it
, ,
I n life no littl e s h ar e o f t o il h ad h e
I n m u s i ng s p as t all c o u nt and gram m ary e ,
A nd wh e n a b e tt e r life w as h is e l s e wh e r e
H e l e ft t h e thr o ne o f gr e at ne s s t o h is h e ir .
Th e ti m e th at fo rt u ne g av e h im did n o t l as t
Fo r l o ng H 11 s h ang t h e wi s e an d pr u d e n t p as s e d
’
.
, , ,
N o r will it fr o m it s fac e t h e v e il r e m o v e .
III
TA H M U R A S
TA H M L
’
JRA S , TH E BI N DE R OF TH E
RE IG N E D T H IRTY Y E A RS
A R GU M EN T
Tahm liras , t he f th r w rk s on of
'
H li s h ang, c nti n
o ue s his a e
’
s o as a
w i n g & c nq r nd n l
e av ,
A h ri m n nd d f t t h
c .
,
o ue s a e s av e s a ,
a e ea s e
di wh
vs , li h p r n c nditi n th t th y h ll t ch
ose ve s e s a es o o o a e s a ea
h im t h t f writi ng e ar o .
NO E T
A cc rdi ng o hi h T hm i —t h T khm U r p
to t he B u nda s a l ras e a a u a
t —w
,
o f t h Z nd e t h g r t g r n d n f H i h ng nd t h
a av as a as e ea a so o l s a , a e
br th r f J m hi d w h h w r i r pr nt d hi n in
o e o a s ,
o, o e ve , s e e se e as s so
th p m
e Th l g nd f t h b i ndi ng f A h ri m n by T h m u
oe . e e e o e o a a ras
i
s r l ti m m n ti n d in t h Z nd t wh r h i
se ve a es e o e e a av as a, e e e s re
p r nt d
e se pr yi ng th t h m y c nq r ll d m n nd
e as a a e a o ue a e o s a
m n e ll ,
r c r r nd f i ri
a nd ri d
so A h ri m n t rn d i n t
e e s a a es, a e a ,
u e o
th h p f h r ll r nd t h r th f thir ty y r Fr m
e s a e o a o se , a a ou e ea or ea s .
1
o
th r r c w l rn th t A hri m n whil k pt ch r g r
,
o e s ou es e ea a a ,
e e as a a e
by T hmd p r d d t h l tt r wif t r l h h b nd
a ras , e s ua e e a e
’
s e o e ve a er us a
’
s
se cr t nd cti ng n t h i nf rm ti n th g i n d thr w ff
e s, a a o e o a o us a e e o
T hm i
a n d w ll w d h im whil
l ras ah w ri di ng d wn M nt
s a o e e e as o ou
A lb r Yim ( J m h id) h ri ng f hi b r th r m i f rt n
’
u z . a s ,
ea o s o e s s o u e, suc
cee d d in dr ggi ng t h c r p
e f r m t h n t r il f t h fi nd nd
a e o se o e e a s o e e ,
a
th r t r d t h c lt r f t h w rld which h d p ri h d wi th
us es o e e u u e o e o a e s e
Tah m ii ras 2
'
.
DZA ,
1 1 . 2 52 , 292 .
3
Id . 2 52 , no e . t WPT . iii . 60 , and no e t .
1 26 PIR DA m i
TH E S H A H N A M A OF
Th r d r will n t t h r pp r nc
e ea e f t h B l ck D i in thi
o e e ea ea a e o e a v s
expl n ti n f c r i th t t h im f t h p t i t f ll w
a a o o ou se s a e a o e oe s o o o
hi th iti n t t m k c n i t nt t ri
s au or e s, o H i h r d lo a e o s s e s o es. e s e e ea
ing W th n th r l g nd
i a t h B l ck Di r pp r
o e e e ,
so e a v ea ea s .
l
Tahm aras c
as ends t he T hrone , invents ne w A rts , s u bdu es
t he D ie s , and dies
Hu s h ang p o s s e s s e d a wi s e and no bl e s o n
Hight Tah m uras—t h e Bi nd e r o f t h e Div
Wh o t o o k t h e thr o ne and girt h is l o ins t o ru l e ,
A nd u s e t h e u s e fu l fo r t h e c o mm o n g o ld .
H e s h e ar e d t h e fl o ck s and m e n b e g an t o s pi n ; ,
H e th u s i nv e nt e d cl o th e s and dr ap e ri e s .
Th e s hy e s t o f t h e b e as t s o f pr e y and ch o s e ,
Th e j aok al an d t h e ch e e t ah l u rin g th e m ,
A m o ng t h e w e ll —
,
ar m e d bird s h e ch os e t h e h awk
A nd no bl e falc o n and b e g an t o t am e th e m ,
Whil e m e n l o o k e d o n am az e d H is o rd e r s w e r e
To r e ar t he bird s and s p e ak t o th e m with ki nd ne s s .
H e br ou ght t h e c o ck s and h e ns t o cr o w at dr u m b e at 2
,
Pr ai s e b e t o H im fo r H e dir e ct e d u s ,
.
S1
I ntr d p 4 8
ee o . . .
Th dr m b at n
2
e ut ide palac e in t h E as t t dawn
e e ou s s e a .
1 28 TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI RDA vs i
E xpl ore d h e in a r e ig n o f thirty
ye ars ,
Y e t p as s e d aw ay H is ti m e o f life w as s p e n t
A nd all h is t o il s b e c am e his m o nu m e nt .
0 w o rld ! c ar e s s no t th o s e wh o m th o u wilt s o o n
C u t o ff for s u ch c ar e s s ing is no b o o n ;
,
Th ou rais e s t o ne t o v e ry h e av e n o n high ,
HE RE IG N E D S E VE N H U N D RE D Y E A RS
A R GU M E N T
J ams h id su cc e e ds his f th r T
a e ah mi i ra s
'
as S a hh and b e c o me s t he
gr t t ea e s t fm f t h c lt r h r
and H c n ti n
mo s a ou s o e u u e -
e oe s . e o ues
t h w rk f h i p r d c r m k dditi n f hi nd
'
e o o swn e e esso s, a es a o s o s o ,
a
i nt r d c t h l x ri nd r fin m n t f lif H di i d m n
o u es e u u es a e e e s o e . e v es a
ki nd i n t f r c t cl o H tr ou l r t h w rl d nd
as es or as s e s . e av e s o ve e o ,
a
i t h fir t t c r
s e th in hip
s H o pir t t h d mi ni n
os s e sea s s. e as es o e o o
o f th i bt i n it nd li in r cl r c mm ni n with G d
e a r, o a s ,
a ve s eve ose o u o o .
A h ri m n i r nd r d p w rl
a f ill di
s e nd d th c e e o e e ss or ,
s e as e a ea e as e ,
a n d t h w rl d p ethr gh t h G l d n A g A t l ngth p il d
o as s e s ou e o e e. e ,
s o e
b y cc J m hid c m t think hi m lf G d nd rd r th t
su ess, a s o es o se o ,
a o e s a
di i n h n r
v e h ll b p i d t him lf l n Th G r c f G d
o ou s s a e a o se a o e . e a e o o
b c m hi in t r m nt t m k w n J m hi d n d t h l tt r
e o e s s u e , o a e ar o a s ,
a e a e
i
s s l in a .
NO E T
J am s hi d ,
as b r th r n t t h n
we h av e a lr e ad y s e e n, is t h e o e ,
o e so ,
o f T hm in t h
a l d r f rm f t h l g nd With t h r ig n
'
i i ras e o e o o e e e s . e e
o f J m hid t h V d
a Z nd
s t nd S h ah n am m t n c mm n
e e as , a a v as a, a a ee o o o
g r n d I n t h V d M n nd Y m
ou . th t wi n n
e e as a u a a a ar e e so s o
Vi t t h b right
v as v a , hi ni ng n i t h n M n i t h
e or s o e, . e . e su . a u s e
pr g nit r nd l wgi r f t h A ry n r c nd Y m i g d
o e o a a ve o e a a e a a a s a o .
1
I n t h Z nd t e Yi m i t h a n f V i ngh t i t h I rani n
av as a a s e so o va a ,
s e a
N h h
oa c n n t with G d nd i ff r d by H im t h p t
,
as a ove a o , a s o e e e os
a ft rw rd cc pt d b y Z r t r I n t h l g nd f t h b ildi ng
e a s a e e o o as e . e e e o e u
1 DH A , iv 3 1 . .
1 30 PI R DA U S I
TH E S H A H N A M A OF
o f hi V s n d rgr nd p l c
ar, o r u in n ticip ti n f t h Fl d w e ou a a e, a a o o e oo , e
m nt e f J m hi ds o Th n Y im i d withi n him lf H w h ll
a s :
“
e a sa se :
‘
o s a
I m n g t m k th t V r which A h r M
a a e o d h a c mm nd d e a a a u a az a as o a e
m t m k ? A nd A h r M d i d nt Yi m 0 f ir
’ ‘
e o a e u a az a sa u o a: a
Yi m n a,f V i n gh t !
so Cr h t h o r th with t mp f va a us e ea a s a o
th y h l nd th n k n d it with thy h nd
ee ,
a t h p tt r d e ea
‘
a s , as e o e oe s
wh n k n di ng t h p tt r cl y
e ea A n d Yi m m d V r e o e
’
s a . a a e a a a,
l ng
o ri di ng gr nd n
as a ry i d f t h q r -
Th r ou ,
o e ve s e o e s ua e . e e
h e est b li h d dw lli ng pl c c n i ti ng f h
a s e with b lc ny e -
a es, o s s o a ouse a a o ,
a c r ty rd nd g ll ry I n t h l rg t p r t f t h pl c h
ou a ,
a a a e . e a es a o e a e e
m d ni n t r t
a e i in t h m i ddl p r t th r
e s in t h
ee m ll t s, s x e e a ,
ee e s a es .
”1
i d cr i b d t h b right Y i m th g d h ph r d “
H e s es e as e a, e oo s e e
b r l d
e r th
u e n K h
ove ( Cli m ) f t h r th re s e ve ar s v ar e s es o e ea ,
o ve
th D é e
( d m n ) nd m n
a v as H w h t k fr m t h D é
e o s a e . e o oo o e a v as
b th rich nd w lf r b th f t n
o es n d fl ck
a b th w l nd e a e, o a ess a o s, o ea a
G l ry o I n wh . r ig n b th li m nt ( f d nd dri nk ) w r os e e o a e s oo a e e
w t r nd pl n t w r ndryi n g ; in wh
a e s a r ig n th r w
a s e e u ose e e e as
n ith r c l d wi n d n
e e h t wi nd n ith r ld g n
o d th n or o ,
e e o a e or ea ,
or
e n y m d
v by t h D é in t h ti m b f r hi li b f r h
a e e a v as , e es e o e s e, e o e e
b g n t h d light in w rd f f l h d nd n t r th B t
e a o av e e o s o a se oo a u u . u
wh n h b g n t h
e e d light in w rd
e f f l h d nd n t r th
a o av e e o s o a se oo a u u ,
t h Gl r y w
e n t
o fl w y fr m him in t h h p f bi rd
as see o ee a a o e s a e o a .
W h n h Gl ry h d di pp r d th n t h g r t Y i m
e ls o th a sa ea e ,
e e ea a e
g d h ph rd t r mbl d nd w in rr w b f r hi f ; h
oo s e e ,
e e a as so o e o e s oe s e
w asc n f nd d nd l i d him d wn n t h gr nd E l w h r hi
o ou e ,
a a o o e ou .
”2
se e e s
b i n g wn
e n d r i m n ti n d t h
sa t n t b i ng r f rr d di r ctly
as u e s e o e ,
e ac o e e e e e
t Z h h ak b t t S pit y
o a h wh w d Yi m in t w i n
u o u ra, e o sa e a a .
”3
S pit y w br th r f Yi m
u ra H i n t m nti n d in t h
as a o e o as
’
. e s o e o e e
S h ah nam ; b t t h nm ity b tw
a n b r th r u ch r ct ri tic f e e e ee o e s, so a a e s o
E t r n lif
as e cr p p g i n nd g i n in t h p m Th t h
e, o s u a a a a a e oe . us e
tw br th r f F id m n y nd t ry t m rd r h im nd t h
o o e s o ar i
'
e v a o u e ,
a e
i nci d nt r c r with m r di t r r lt in t h c
e e u s f F idim o e s as ous esu s e as e o ar
’
s
o w n s o ns .
i i i n i n t c t l pp r in t h Z nd t wh r
Th e d v s o o as es a so a ea s e a av as a, e e
b th t h thr nd t h f r c t
o e m n ti n d nd t h fi r t
ee a e ou as es are e o e ,
a e s
thr th r t t d t h b n i n tit t d by Z r t r w h
e e are e e s a e o av e ee s u e o o as e , o
pl c d hi thr
a e rthly n t t h h d f th m I n t h p m
s ee ea so s a e ea o e .
4
e oe
th y t h i n tit ti n f hi gr t pr d c r J m h id
e are e s u o o s ea e e es so a s .
J m hid i c nt r cti n f Yi m nd K h h ét ( ki ng )
a s s a o a o o a a s a a .
5
1
DZ A , i . 1 8 .
2
Id . ii . 2 93 .
4
Id . 20 1 , a nd s e e M ZA , iii . 2 65 .
TH E S H A H N A M A PI R DA U S i
'
OF
A nd c o ats o f ar m o u r b o th fo r m an and h o r s e .
H e s p e nt o n r ai m e n t fit fo r fight o r fe as t ;
A nd m ad e o f s p u n an d fl o s s s ilk h air and c o tt o n , ,
W e r e m ad e h e s h o w e d m e n h o w t o fu ll and s e w th e m
Th e n t o t h e j o y o f all h e fo u nd e d c as t e s
Fo r e v e ry cr aft it t o o k h im fifty y e ar s .
Di s ting u i s hing o ne c as t e as s ac e rd o t al
To b e e m pl oy e d in s acr e d o ffi c e s ,
H e s e p ar at e d it fr o m o th e r fo lk
A nd m ad e it s pl ac e o f s e rvic e o n t h e m o u nt ai ns
Th at G o d m ight b e ad o r e d in qu i e t u d e .
Th e Light s o f ar m i e s an d o f pr o vi nc e s
Wh o s e o ffic e w as t o g u ard t h e r o y al thr o ne
A nd v i ndic at e t h e nati o n s n am e fo r v al o u r
’
.
Th e third c as t e w as t h e agric u lt u r al ,
A ll i nd e p e n d e nt till e r s o f t h e s o il ,
Th e s o w e r s and t h e r e ap e r s m e n wh o m no ne
-
Upbr aid e th wh e n th e y e at Th ou gh cl o th e d in r ag s
.
,
Up o n t h e s o il s afe fr o m di s p u t e and c o n t e s t .
Wh at s aid t h e no bl e m an and e l o qu e nt ?
Tis idl e ne s s th at m ak e th fr e e m e n s l av e s
’
.
By d o i ng h andiwo rk—a t u rb u l e nt cr e w ,
yA M S H ID
Th e n r ai s e d th e r e o n by r u l e s o f art s u ch s tr u ct u r e s
A s h o t b ath s l o fty h all s and s anct u ari e s
, ,
.
'
H e s e arc h e d am o ng t h e r o ck s fo r s t o ne s wh o s e l u s tr e
Attr act e d him and c am e o n m any a j e w e l ,
A s r u bi e s am b e r s il v e r g o ld
, ,
J a m s h id
, .
H e i nt r o d u c e d t h e s c e n t s th at m e n e nj o y
A s c am ph o r g e nu i ne m u s k gu m B e nj am i n
, , ,
W e re s e cr e t s o p ene d by J am s h id : t h e w o rld
H ath s e e n no o th e r s u ch di s c o v e r e r .
H e cr o s s e d t h e s e a in s hip s Fo r fifty y e ar s .
M ad e h im a thr o ne with wh at a w e al t h o f ge ms
,
Th e p e o pl e s c att e r e d j e w e l s and b es t o w e d ,
Wh e n li m b s r e p o s e fr o m l ab o u r he arts fr o m s trife , .
TH E S H A H N A M A
‘
1 34 O F PI R DA 0 5 1
Th e bl e Chi e ft ai ns h e ld a fe s tival
no ,
A nd e v e r s i nc e th at ti m e th at gl o ri o u s day
R e m aine th t h e m e m o ri al o f th at S hah .
A nd d iv s li k e s l av e s w e r e gir t t o do th e m s e rvic e ;
M e n h e ark e ne d t o J am s h id with b o th th e ir e ar s ,
A nd s till ne w r e v e l ati o ns c am e fr o m G o d ,
M e n s aw b u t g o o d ne s s in th e ir ki ng t h e e arth ,
Bu t ac t e d fr o w ar dly and t u r ne d as id e
I n h is i ngr atit u d e . H e s u m m o ne d all
Th e chi e fs and wh at a w e al t h o f w o rd s h e u s e d
,
Fo r I h av e d e ck e d t h e w o rld wi t h e xc e ll e nc e
A nd fas hi o ne d e arth acc o r di ng t o m y will .
Th at th e r e is any gr e at ki ng s av e m y s e lf
L e e ch cr aft h ath c u r ed t h e w o rld di s e as e and d e ath
,
A re s t ay e d . Th o u gh ki ng s are m any w h o b u t I
S av e d m e n fr o m d e ath ? Ye o w e m e s e nse and life
Th e y w h o ad o r e m e no t are Ahri m ans .
S o n o w th at y e p e rc e iv e wh at I h av e d o ne
”
All h ail m e as t h e M ak e r o f t h e w o rld .
1 36 TH E S H A H N A M A OF P I R DA U S I ‘
E ng ag e d in p e ri nt e nd e nc e no t in w ar
su .
A nd h e ap e d t h e d u s t o n h is o wn h e ad I bl is .
E x u lt e d s e e i ng th at t h e y o u th w as s nar e d
A nd g u ll e d t h e s i m pl e t o n with s p e ci o u s w o rd s ,
Th e y o u th m ad e ans w e r
T e ll m e at o nc e my w o rthy m onit o r I
,
”
Th e g u il e l e s s y o u th s w o r e as I bl is dict at e d
Thy s e cr e t s h all b e k e pt thy biddi ng d o ne ,
.
H e r e b u t thy s e lf ? Wh at pro fi t e t h a s ir e
With s u ch a s o n N o w h e ark e n t o m y r e d e
Th e life ti m e o f thi s anci e n t p o t e nt at e
C o nti nu e th th o u art s h e lv e d S e i z e o n h is c o u rt
,
.
A nd g o o d s. H is pl ac e will s u it th e e th ou s h alt b e ,
Ki ng o f t h e w o rld if th o u d u r s t do m y biddi ng .
”
Z ah h ak l o o k e d gr av e t o s h e d his s ir e s bl o o d gri e v e d
’
He id : N o t
sa s o, s u gg e s t so me o th e r c o u r s e
Thi s c anno t b e .
Th e n th o u I bli s r ej o i ne d , ,
Thy fath e r h o no u r e d .
Thu s h e s nar e d t h e Ar ab ,
Wh o as k e d Wh at m u s t I do ? I will o b e y
“
.
”
N 0 h e lp ne e d I m y s e lf am c o m p e t e nt
, ,
A nd t hith e r u s e d M arda s t o go at d aw n
To b ath e h im e re h e pr ay e d with ou t a s l av e ,
Th at g o o d m an t u m bl e d br o k e h is b ack and di e d
, ,
.
H e ne e r h ad br e ath e d a c o ld br e ath o n h is s o n
’
Bu t ch e ri s h e d h im and l avi s h e d tr e as u r e o n h im ,
Y e t th at ab and o ne d y o u th r e s p e ct e d no t
H is fath e r b u t c o ns pir e d t o s h e d h is bl o o d
, .
I h e ard a s ag e o n c e s ay : Th o u gh fi e rc e in s trife
“
I f s u ch a cri m e s h o u ld s e e m t o b e i m pli e d
S e e k fo r t h e r e as o n o n t h e m o t h e r s s id e
’
.
A s s u m e d t h e Ar ab s cr o w n and g o v e r ne d t h e m
’
Fo r g o o d o r ill .
I bl is e nc o u ra e d thu s
B e g an ag ai n and s aid : S i nc e io u h as t t u rne d
”
g
To m e and gaine d t h y h e art s d e s ir e c o m e pl e dg e m e
'
’
, ,
Thy w o rd o n c e m o r e t o do as I r e qu ir e ;
A nd th e n thy r e al m s h all s pr e ad thr o u gh o u t t h e w o rl d ,
Wh e n thi s w as s aid h e s e t ab o u t t o u s e ,
g3
H ow I blis t u rned Co ok
Th e n as a y o u th w e ll s p o ke n cl e an and cl e ve r, , ,
1 38 O F PI R DA 0 5 1
Le t m e he s aid wh o am
, ,
“
a no e t d c o ok ,
”
Fi nd fav o u r with t h e ki ng .
By app e tit e
S e d u c e d Zah h ak r e c e iv e d and w e lc o m e d him
, ,
S o th at t h e m o narch s faithfu l m i ni s t e r
’
G av e t o I bl is t h e r o y al k itch e n s k e y ’
.
F o o d s th e n w e r e fe w m e n did no t kill t o e at
,
S o e v il d o i ng A hri m an d e s ig ne d
-
T 0 m ak e h im li o n fi e rc e and lik e a s l av e
-
”
S o as t o pl e as e th e e w e ll .
All night h e m u s e d
Wh at s tr ang e r e p as t t o pr o ffe r o n t h e m o rr o w ,
A nd wh e n t h e az u r e v au l t br o u ght b ack ag ai n
Th e g o ld e n G e m h e h o p e fu lly pr e s e n t e d
A m e al o f p artridg e s and s ilve r ph e as ants .
M u s k and o ld wi ne Z ahh ak w h e n h e h ad t as t e d
.
,
I n w o n d e r at h is c o o k s ability ,
S aid : “
W o rthy fri e nd as k th o u m y r e c o m p e ns e .
Y e t w o u ld I as k o ne b o o n ab o v e m y s t ati o n
Tis l e av e t o ki s s and lay m y fac e and e y e s
’
”
Up o n t h y s h o u ld e r s .
O ff his gu ard Z ah h ak
R e pli e d : I gr ant it ; it m ay do th e e gr ac e
“
.
PI RDA U S I
'
TH E S H A H N A M A
‘
OF
Th u s fe ll J am s h id Pr e s s e d by t h e w o rld s ne w l o r d
.
’
H e w as in hidi ng fo r a c e nt u ry ,
A nd s awi ng h im as u nd e r fr e e d t h e w o rld
Fr o m h im and fr o m t h e fe ar th at h e i ns pir e d .
L o ng w as h e hidd e n fr o m t h e Dr ag o n s br e ath’
Bu t th e r e w as n o e s c api ng in t h e e nd ,
Fo r fo rt u ne whirl e d h im lik e a y e ll o w s tr aw
A nd b o th h is thr o ne and gr e at ne s s p as s e d aw ay .
Wh at b e tt e r S hah w as e v e r o n t h e thr o ne ,
A nd y e t wh at pr o fit c ou ld h e c all h is o w n
Fr o m all h is t o il s ? H is s e v e n c e n t u ri e s
Bro u ght h im gr e at bl e s s i ng s and c al am iti e s .
Wh at n e e d h as t th o u th e n fo r a l e ngth o f y e ar s ?
Th e w o rld w ill k e e p it s s e cr e t s th o u gh fo r fo o d
'
Wilt th o u th e n s ay : I t s l o v e is s p e nt o n m e
“
,
My h e ar t is w e ary o f thi s W ay s id e I nn
O G o d ! r e l e as e m e s o o n fr o m t o il th e r e i n .
ZA H H A K
HE RE IG N E D A TH O U S A N D Y E A RS
GU M EN T AR
With t h cc i n f Z hhak il b c m t i m ph nt ry
e a ess o o a ev e o es r u a e ve
wh r H pr cti
e e . nd nc r g bl ck r t i d l t ry nd
e a ses a e ou a es a a s, o a ,
a
c nq r r F ri dun wh m h t ri in i n t c pt r A t l ngth
o ue o a , o e s ve s va o a u e . e
t h p pl dri
e n t
eo x p r ti n by Z hhak r lt t F ri dun t
e, ve o e as e a o a ,
e vo o a a
e s a o o a e s . ar i a a ee ,
a nd t h l tt r i t k n pr i
e n r a e s a e so e .
NO E T
Zahh ak , as w e h av e a lr e ad y s e e n,
1
w as o rigi nally an e il S pi rit v of
t h e I n do -
Irani an
t r w r hip I n t h Z nd t h till cc na u e -
o s . e a av as a e s o a
i n lly
s o pp r in hi ch r ct r f w t r t l r Z r th t r
a a ea s s a a e o a e -
s ea e .
“
a a us a
as k d A rd i S r A nahit (A n iti t h g d g ni
e v ii
’
af th a
”
a s, e oo e us o e
wt r)
a e O A r d i S ur A n ahit ! With wh t m nn r f crific
s : v a a a a e o sa e
s h ll I w r hip th ?
a oS th t M d ( U m d) may m k
s ee o a az a r uz a e
th ee n d wn ( t
ru th r th ) o th t h m y n t m k th o n e ea ,
so a e a o a e ee ru
u p i n t t h h o n b t he n; n d th t t h
e av e S rp nt m y s, a ove e su a a e e e a
n t i j
2
th
’
o n ur e ec .
M r g o er lly h w r h i r pr nt d
e ne a fi nd cr t d
,
o e ve ,
e s e e se e as a e , ea e
b y A h ri m n t t h Irani n r c
a nd c rry f
o f t h light
ve x f e a a e, a a o e o
su p rn t r l ch r ct r nd i
e a u a lr dy h b n p i nt d t
a a e ,
a s , as a ea as ee o e ou ,
3
t h p r t g ni t
e f th
o a S mitic r c
o in th i r d li ng with t h
s o e e a e e ea s e
1
In tr d p o . .
7 .
9
DZA , ii .
74 .
3
In tr o d. p .
54 .
PI RDA U S f
'
14 2 TH E S H A H N A M A OF
A r bi t h
a i n d d I ran nd t h h d hi c pit l t cit y
a, o av e va e ,
a o av e a s a a a a
Z nd a t T h
av as
( i A n iti
a :) did A i D h“
ak ( Z h h a
ok ) t h er . e. a s z a a a , e
thr m th d ff r p
ee -
ou crific in t h l nd f B w ri with
e ,
o e u a sa e e a o a ,
a
h ndr d m l h r
u e th nd x n nd t n th nd l mb
a e o ses, a ou s a o e ,
a e ou sa a s .
H b gg d f h
e e b n yi ng G r n t m thi b n 0 g d
e o er a oo ,
sa :
‘
a e s oo ,
oo ,
m t b n fi nt A r d i S ir A nahit ! th t I m y m k
os e e ce ll t h v i a a a a a e a e
n K ( C l im ) f t h r th m pty f m n A rd i S ur ’
s e ve h ars v are s es o e ea e o e . v a
( F ri dun ) t h h i r f t h
a li n t A t hw y cl n fl p c rific
,
e e o e va a a a ,
o er u a sa e
y i n g G r n t m thi O g d m t b n fi nt A rd i S ir
sa : a e s, oo ,
os e e ce v i a
thr h d d t h i y d th t d m n b l f l t t h w rl d
ee -
ea e ,
e s x -
e e a e o ,
a e u o e o
t d t r y t h w rl d f t h g
o es o d p ri ncipl e nd th t I m y d li
o r o e oo e a a a e ve
hi t w wi
s S on gh ah ( S h h ina ) n d E n ak (A n w a )
ve s, av a av a r z a re av r a z ,
wh o th f ir t f b dy m ng t w m n nd t h m t
are e a es o o a o s o e ,
a e os
w nd r f l cr t r in t h w rl d
o e u ea u es e o .
’ 1
Z hh ak p l c i c ll d in t h Z nd
a
’
s t K i int
a a e which m y s a e e a av as a v r a, a
m n in t h A
ea t l ng g e t rk Th r i l g nd t h t
v as s a ua e
“
a s o .
”
e e s a e e a
th p l c w
e in t h f rm f th t bi rd
a a e as e o o a .
2
W l rn f r m t h D ink d th t t h l g nd f Z hh ak w
e ea o e ar a e e e o a as
ra a ar as s o e a av as a .
Th l tt r N k c n t i n d i nf rm ti n A b t t h miti ng by “
e a e as o a e o a o ou e s
F édun f
r th k f killi ng D h ak ; t h t riki ng f hi cl b
,
or e sa e o a e s o s u
u p n t h n p f t h n ck t h h r t nd n t h k ll ; nd
o e a e o e e ,
e ea ,
a e ve e s u a
D h ak n t dyi ng f r m th t b ti ng
a
’
s o Th n miti g him wi th o a ea . e s n a
s w rd nd t h f rm ti n f n xi
o ,
a c r t r f m ny kind
e o a o o o ou s ea u es o a s,
f r m t h b dy f D hak t t h fir t c nd nd thi rd bl w
o e o o a ,
a e s ,
se o , a o .
Th xcl m ti n f t h cr t r A ih m d t F d n th
e e a a o o Th e ea o i ar az o re
’
ii
'
us : ou
s h l d t n t t him w h i D h ak b c
ou s o cu if th h l d t t o s a ,
e ause ou s ou s cu
h im D h ak w l d b m ki ng thi
,
a r th f ll f rp nt t d
ou e a s ea u o se e s, oa s,
s c rpi n li rd t r t i
o o s, nd fr g z a with t h m d f b i ndi ng
s, o o ses, a o s e o e o
him with wf l f tt r in t h m t g ri a u p ni h m n t f n
e e s, e os e vo u s u s e o co
fi n m nt e Thi t th t wh n A i D h ak w b nd t h r p r t
e . s, oo, a e z -
a as ou ,
e e o
o f th m p r c d d th
e sa thr gh ll t h r gi n which
e o ee e us ou a e e o s, are
s e ven th t d w n t i k n i
,
A —
a i D h ak b t h w h o m t hi m
s r c e s z a ,
u e o s o e
i F éd n t h A pik an t h
s r ii
'
x lt d nd m ighty
e n d th
s ,
e e a e a a o se
which il d n t m nti n A n d m nd t h ir t
are ev o o e o z ,
or e a e v uou s
m i d n with i m p r t nity n
a e n c t d w lth Thi t o u ,
or e ve ov e e ea . s, oo ,
th t wh n i nf rm ti n c m t him f w m n pr p rty th t
a e o a o a e o o o e or o e ,
a
1 DZA , ii . 60 6 2 — and no e s . t 2
Id . 2 5 3 and no e . t
TH E S H A H N A M A PI RDA w t
’
14 4 OF
of t he gr t f t
ci nt Irani n h r G h a p I n t h
ea ea s of t he an e a e o ars s .
l
e
S h ah nam h i r pr nt d h m n b i ng —t h f ct t m
a e s e e se e as a u a e e a o u
a e s s e ee a a a o o ,
e ee e
V d nd t h Z nd t nd f t h g n i f t h l g nd f
e as a e a av as a, a o e e es s o e e e s o
t h e S hahnam a .
S o me re ade r r s i n o f t h e l g e nd o f
s m ay lik e to see t he ve o e
o f C h re ne which th gh s ub q e n t t o hi ti me i p r b ab ly
o ,
ou se u s s o
wa k n wn in all it
s e n ti al f e at r s l ng be f r e F i da
o i s ess u e o o r us
’
s
exp r t P r r m rm n
e es e sa u se o es, lbrm
a o e im po nis ex plic andi, ne m e p
d p ri m
e j b n f t m l o e us e e ac o a e fico, Dae m o niis qu e e i m inis t rant ib u s
,
in m o n t e m,
qu i v o c at u r De m b av e ndu s , ab du x e rit is q u i
s clr e e a mac hinab at u r , do m o u m fo ris qu e i s nei sus pici o ne r ir e ud e
s o le b at , in B y r as pis h ume ri c ap t
s u re
po ne n s , ac ma le fi c a ar t s es
mi nis t ru m ci f i u sse, e
'
j li s qu e v o lu nt at i o b s e c u ndas s e ; ut u e e
q am ti
s u b inde , q i pu as ra e miu m ab eo po s t u lans , h u m e ro s e j us o sc u
lare t ur C ae t e rum q u o d na an , D a o ne s u
. i ip m rr t r c p ll l u a s se , s ve su
c oepi t in dig n b n d m lt it d
sse , b t nd m b li n t f it a u a u u o a eo a e a a e a a u ,
i q s igit r c mm ni mni m c n n p l
ue u d m nt m
o pr
u o u o se su u su s , a o e su a
m m e t m n f git
o ra uIbi m ri a p m t
co mc t ru .
,
cu ae s re e re u r, s u a e u a e va
d it q a
e s e ru nfi i q i,
m p uti nt di
re li q t in
co s ,
u cu e rs e c u e ra
,
es a uo
ii l ci
s id
o nt A t By
s re s p h t m di p r m c g n
e ru .d ras e s , co or e s e sa o e s
,
a
in pin nt
0 im p t m f cit ( i ) m g mim q
a es t t lit d t im nt m
e u a s c a ue a u e r e u
sed i it t nd m m l t it d
v c By p a in f g m e nt h t u u o, ras es se u a co u ,
q m
ue m p h n m pr p e co m m nt m p re m nt
e t q in
su o cu o e e re e ru ,
a ue
m g m a lph i f
h a m nj su nt ur s o ve a co e c e ru .
”4
s ee th i n t r d ct ry n t t t h n xt r ig n H i l g nd p
e o u o o e o e e e . s e e u
1
S ee i tr d ct
n o u or y t
no e t o t h e ne xt r ign e .
2
See I ntr d p o 72 .
3
L F idfi n
e. ar
—
. . .
4
M os is Ch oren ens is , e d. Whi s ton , 77 80 .
ZA H H AK
p i n t wh r it i t k n p in t h S hahnam m y b bri fly
“
t o t he o e e s a e u e a a e e
su mm ri d f ll w H w t h h d f f mily f P r i n
a se as o o s . e as e ea o a a o e s a
l nd w n r
a o th n wh dw lt in t h A lb r r ng t t h
e s or a es o e e u z a e o e
s ou th f t h C pi n nd cl i m d t b d c nd d fr m J m hid
o e as a a a e o e es e e o a s .
H eb g n t h w f i nd p nd nc g i n t Z hhak b t ft r
e a e ar o e e e e a a s a ,
u a e
so m cc w f rc d t t k r f g with t h r m n n t f
e su ess as o e o a e e u e e e a o
hi s dh r n t a t th ce r t f t h kin g f Ghil an w h r c i d
e s a e ou o e o ,
o e e ve
h im ki n dl y b t f ri g t h ng
,
nc f Z hh ak
u ,
b q ntly
ea n e ve ea e o a ,
su se ue
s eek hi f r t n l wh r A ft r m nth
s o u y g
e n th e se e e . e a o
’
s vo a e o e
C pi n A b t in rri d t t h c r t f t h ki ng f t h S cythi n
as a a ve a e ou o e o e a s,
o ose e s o o a ii a e e se vo u e
f ll w d I n t h nd A bti n m rri d F an k b y wh m h h d
o o e . e e a e ar a , o e a
tw n o nd li
so d h ppil y nd in high f
s, a r wi th hi f th r
ve a a av o u s a e
in l w -
H
a c l d n t r t h w r I n dr m ft r dr m h
. e _
ou o es ,
o e ve . ea a e ea e
w asi ncit d t r m t h w f i nd p nd nc g i n t Z hh ak
e o esu e e ar o e e e e a a s a ,
a nd t l ngth in pit
a f th
e pp iti n f hi f th r i l w t
,
s e o e o os o o s a e -
h -
a ,
se
l nd d n r A m l in M a nd ran wh r h m d h i h m in
a e ea u z a a ,
e e e a e s o e
th err ndi ng f r t H r h g th r d b n d f f ll w r
su ou o es s. e e e a e e a a o o o e s
a nd r m d h i g rill w r f r
esu e g i n t Z h hak in t h mi d t
s ue a a a e a a s a ,
e s
f which F i d n w b rn t h bi t h b i ng h r l d d b y m ny
'
o ar ii as o ,
e r e e a e a
§ 1
Th e c u s t o m s o f t h e wi s e w e r e o u t o f v o g u e ,
l
Th e l u s t s o f m ad m e n flo u ri s h e d e v e rywh e r e ,
Th ab e i
1 mm ri d f m G H P i 1 7
e ov 1 1 &s su a se ro , . 1, 2 , c .
K
PI RDA us i
'
TH E S H A H N A M A OF
Tw o s s e s of
i t r J ams h id th e ir s e x s cr o w n
,
’
O f th o s e t w o l adi e s vi s ag e d lik e t h e m o o n
Th e n am e s w e r e S h ah rinaz an d A rnaw az .
M e n b o r e th e m t o t h e p al ac e o f Z ah h a k
A nd g av e th e m o v e r t o t h e dr ag o n ki ng ,
Wh o e d u c at e d th e m in e vil w ay s
A nd t au ght th e m s o rc e ry and ne cr o m ancy .
Th e o nly t e aching th at h e k ne w w as b ad
To m as s acr e t o pill ag e and t o b u r n
, , .
N o w in t h e r e al m w e r e t w o g o o d hig h b o r n P e r s i ans
-
Th e pi ou s I rm ail and K ar ma il
’ ’
Of h is r e t ai ne r s and th o s e hid e o u s m e al s ,
Th e y w e n t and l e ar ne d th at ar t Th e cl e v e r tw ai n
.
B e c am e t h e m onarch s c o o k s and j o y e d in s e cr e t
’
.
A nd fl u ng th e m pr o ne . Th e liv e r s o f t h e c o o k s
A c h e d t h e ir e y e s fill e d with bl o o d th e ir h e art s with wr ath
, , ,
To W h o m th e y s aid : “
M ak e s hift t o hid e t h ys e lf ,
H e y e ll e d Th e p al ac e o f t h e h u ndr e d c o l u m n s
.
”
O m as t e r o f t h e w o rld ! O h ! ans w e r m e .
Th e chi e f r e pli e d : I m ay no t t e ll o r e l s e ,
Th e n A rnaw az
Be pl e as e d t o t e ll u s w e p e rch an c e m ay fi nd
”
A c u r e no ill is irr e m e di abl e
,
.
N e gl e ct it no t b u t s e e k a r e m e dy .
Th e l ady s c ou ns e l pl e as e d t h e S hah
’
.
Night th e n
Was d ark as r av e n s pl u m e s b u t wh e n at l e ngth
’
, ,
S tr e w e d y e ll o w g e ms u p o n t h e az u r e v au lt
”
,
1
S e e In tr o d. p .
71 .
'
ZA H H A K
H e as k e d th e m pri v ily ab o u t t h e fu t u r e ,
A nd wh o s u cc e e d me ? T e ll o r hid e y o u r h e ad s
”
I n s h am e .
Th e y t alke d t o g e th e r s ad at h e art ,
N o n e d ar e d t o s p e ak :
Th e ir fo rt u ne w as in j e o p ardy thr e e d ays .
F o r e t e ll t h e fu t u r e o r b e h u ng alive .
Th e y dr o o p e d th e ir h e ad s th e ir h e art s w e r e r e nt
, ,
th e ir e y e s
W e pt t e ar s o f bl o o d A mo ng th e m w as a m an
.
,
Wi s e h o ne s t pr e s ci e nt by nam e Zir ak
, , ,
En o u gh th e y r e ck o ne d u p y e t th e ir ti m e c am e .
I f th o u w e rt s t andi ng th e r e an ir o n w all
Yo n h e av e n w o u ld gri nd th e e th ou w o u ld s t no t e nd u r e
, .
A nd h e will b e a r o y al h e av e n t o e arth .
A s y e t h e is no t b o rn thy ti m e o f w o e
,
H at h no t arrive d b u t wh e n h is h o no u r e d m o th e r
,
1 50 TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI R DA U S I
A nd dr ag th e e fr o m t h e p al ac e t o t h e s tr e e t
”
I n b o nd s .
Why bi nd m e s aid t h e i m pi ou s ki ng , ,
”
I n v e ng e anc e ?
Th e n Zir ak : W e rt th ou b u t wi s e “
Th e c o w Birm ay a hight —
, will p e ri s h t o o
By thy h and s o in v e ng e anc e h e will br andi s h
A n o x h e ad m ac e
-
.
Z ah h ak h e ard anxi o u s ly ,
T u r ne d h im and fl e d aw ay in dr e ad o f ill .
Th e S hah r e c o v e r e d and r e s u m e d h is s e at .
H is d aylight t u r ne d t o l api s l az u li .
53
The Bir th f
o F ar idan
Th e dr ag o n ki ng t h e bl e s s ed Faridi m
-
,
’
TH E S H A H N A M A OF
A nd sp ak e th u s t o t h e gu ardi an o f h e r child
“
A pr u d en t th o u ght—a th ou ght ins pir e d by G o d .
I s thi s —th e r e is n o r e m e dy my s o n
A nd m y d e ar life are o ne —I m u s t ab and o n
,
Th e n lik e a ro e o r o ne wh o rid e th p o s t
S h e t o o k t h e y o u ng child t o th at l o fty m o u nt ai n
Wh e r e dw e lt a d e v o t e e d e ad t o t h e w o rld ,
To wh o m s h e s aid : I am O h o ly o ne !
“
,
A w o e fu l w o m an fr o m Ira n Kno w th o u .
Wh e n t h e r u m o u r r e ach e d
Zah h ak ab o u t t h e c o w and fi e ld h e w e nt
Lik e s o m e m ad e l e ph ant and s l e w Birmay a
, ,
With all t h e o th e r c at tl e th at h e s aw
Withi n t h e fi e ld and h arri e d all t h e l and
,
.
H e w e nt ne xt t o t h e h o m e o f Faridim
’
S e arc h e d it b u t all in v ai n fo r no ne w as fo u nd
, , ,
A nd b u rne d t h e l o fty p al ac e t o t h e gr o u nd .
§ 4
Wh at is my li ne age wh o m s h all I d e cl ar e
,
My s e lf in pu blic ? Le t m e h av e t h e tr u th .
S h e s aid : “
I will t e ll all m y no bl e b o y ,
.
O f r o y al r ac e di s c e rni ng m i nd wi s e br av e
, , , ,
A nd m y d e ar s p o u s e w as h e my d ays w e r e d ark
Wh e n w e w e r e p art e d N o w Z ah h ak t h e w arl o ck
.
Bu t I c o nc e al e d th e e O h wh at w o e fu l d ay s
I p as s e d whil e th at br av e y o u th —thy fath e r — fo rfe it e d
.
H is o w n S w e e t life fo r th e e ! N o w o n Z ah hak
Th e w arl o ck s s h o u ld e r s gr e w t w o s nak e s which
’
s u ck e d
We r e t ak e n fr o m his h e ad t o fe e d th e m I .
I n c o u r s e o f ti m e c am e o n an o p e n p as t u r e ,
Fro m h e ad t o fo o t : b e fo r e h e r s at h e r h e rd
Up o n his h e e l s as o ne b e fo r e a ki ng .
I pu t th e e in his ch arg e Fo r l o ng h e nu r s e d th e e
.
Up o n his br e as t t he c o w o f p e ac o ck h u e s
,
-
I b ar e th e e fr o m t h e p as t u r e in all h as t e
A n d fl e d Ira n and h o m e and fam ily .
H e c am e and s l e w t h e no bl e t e nd e r nu r s e ,
Th at c ou ld no t s p e ak t o th e e th e n s e nt t h e d u s t ,
Up fr o m o u r h o m e and t u r ne d it t o di t ch .
”
Th e pri nc e e nr ag e d th e r e at m u s e d o n r e v e ng e
, , ,
OF
A nd s i nc e the
rc e r e r h ath d o ne h is p art
so
Mi ne is t o t ak e m y s ci m it ar and lay
H is p al ac e in t h e d u s t ; s u ch is G o d s w fl l
’
Fr o m all t h e r e al m t o b at tl e wh e n h e will e th ,
A h u ndr e d th o u s an d s tr o ng Vi e w no t t h e w o rld .
Wi t h b oyi s h e y e s ; t h e l aws o f bl o o d r e ve ng e -
D e m an d it no t Dru nk with t h e wi ne o f y ou th
.
Do th o u m y s o n ! b e ar thi s advic e in m i nd
, ,
Gi v e all w o rd s s av e thy m o th e r s t o t h e wi nd ’
.
$ 5
Th e S t ory f
o Z ahhak and d a the S mit h
B e ne ath t h e t e rr o r s o f h is h e art u nt il
O ne day wh e n S itti ng o n t h e iv o ry thr o ne
,
A nd w e ari ng o n h is h e ad t h e t u rqu o i s e cr o w n ,
H e c all e d t h e no t abl e s fr o m e v e ry pr o vi nc e
To fi rm t h e b as e s o f h is s o v e re ig n ty ,
I h av e as s ag e s w o t an e ne m y
, ,
D e s pi s e no t s u ch th o u gh w e ak I th e r e fo r e ne e d .
A nd as k y o u r aid for r u m o u r s tr o u bl e m e ;
,
S o sig n m e n o w a s cr o ll t o t hi s e ffe ct
O u r m o n arc h s o w e th nau ght b u t s e e d s o f g o o d ,
’
H e e v e r s p e ak eth tr u th and wr o ng e th no ne .
'
1 56 TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI R DA 0 5 1
S inc e th o u d os t r u l e t h e s e v e n pr o vinc e s
Why s h o u ld t h e t o il and h ar ds hip all b e ou r s
We h av e acc o u nt s t o s e ttl e — th o u and I
A nd all will b e agh as t if th e y s h all S h o w
Th at thi s my s o n h ath p e ri s h e d in his tu rn
With all t h e r e s t t o fe e d th o s e s nak e s o f thine .
Th e y s e t t h e y o u ng m an fre e and s tr o v e t o w in
Th e fath e r by fair w o rd s b u t wh e n Z ahh ak
,
B ad e h im s u b s crib e t h e s cr o ll h e r e ad it thr ou gh
A nd s h ou t e d t o t h e anci e n t s o f t h e r e al m
“
C onfe d e r at e s o f t h e Div with i m pi o u s h e art s !
Y e s e t y o u r fac e s h e llw ard and h av e yi e ld e d
To th at m an s biddi ng I w ill no t s u b s crib e
’
.
,
”
O r e v e r giv e t h e S hah ano th e r th ou ght .
H e s h o u t e d r o s e in fu ry r e n t t h e s cr o ll
, ,
A nd tr am pl e d it ; th e n with his no bl e s on
I n fr o n t o f h im w e n t r avi ng t o t h e s tr e e t .
R e fu s ing t o o b e y th e e and is g o ne
,
B e nt o n r e v e ng e and l e agu e d as th o u w o u ld s t s ay
, ,
A m o u n t o f ir o n s e e m e d t o ri s e b e twixt u s
A nd wh e n h e b e at h is h e ad a s tr ange s e ns ati o n
C o nvu l s e d m e H o w t will e nd I c anno t t e ll ;
.
’
Th e s e cr e t s o f t h e s k y are kno wn t o no ne .
Wh e n Kaw a l e ft t h e pr e s e nc e o f t h e S hah ,
A cr o wd as s e mbl ed in t h e m ark e t pl ac e -
.
Z A H H fiK
‘
1 57
W e ar t o pr o t e ct th e ir l e g s whil e at t h e fo rg e ,
S tu ck it u p o n a s p e ar s p o i n t and fo rthwith
’
Thr ou gh o u t t h e m ark e t d u s t b e g an t o ri s e .
Le t h im r e s o rt with me t o Faridi i n ’
A nd s h ad o w in h is Gr ac e C o m e y e t o h im
Th e r u l e r h e r e is A hri m an—G o d s fo e
.
’ ”
.
S o th at p o o r l e at h e r w o rthl e s s as it w as
, ,
R e s o rt e d t o him ; h e r e b e ll e d and w e nt
To F ar idu n . Wh e n h e arri ve d s h ou t s r o s e .
H e e nt e r e d t h e ne w pri nc e s c o u rt w h o m ark e d
’
H e d e ck e d t h e apr o n with br o c ad e o f R um
O fj e w e ll e d p att e r ns o n a g o ld e n gr o u n d
Pl ac e d o n t h e s p e arp o i nt a fu ll m o o n —
,
a toke n
o o —
P o rt e nding gl ri u s ly and h avi ng dr ap e d it
With ye ll o w re d and vi o l e t h e nam e d it
, , ,
A nd p ai nt e d s ilk o f Ch in I t th u s fe ll o u t
.
S u b m i s s t o vil e Z ah h ak h e c am e t o F aranak
,
D e v o t e thy s e lf t o pr ay e r The M ak e r r u l e th
.
I n w e al and w oe alik e cl as p h an d s t o H im .
”
A nd rid t h e w o rld o f th e s e i nfatu at e s .
A nd s e cr e cy H e h ad t w o br o th e r s b o th
.
,
O f no bl e birth and o ld e r th an hi m s e lf ,
Th e y s o u ght t h e s m ith s ba z ar ’
To F ar idu n wh o t aki ng c o m p as s e s
,
Up o n t h e gr o u nd I t h ad a b u ffal o s h e ad
.
’
.
A m as s iv e m ac e th e y b o r e it t o t h e h e r o .
I t s h o ne as brightly as t h e n o o nd ay s u n ,
B e s t o w e d u p o n t h e m ak e r s r ai m e nt g o ld , ,
A nd s ilv e r h o lding o u t t o th e m b e s id e
,
If I S h all lay t h e Dr ag o n in t h e du s t
I will no t l e av e t h e d u s t u p on y o u r h e ad s ,
H av e H im in m in d wh o j u dg e th right e ou s ly .
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
O F PI RDA U S I
H is bro th e r s s e e i ng th at G o d s p e d h is c au s e
, ,
A nd th at h is fo rtu ne s l u m b e r e d n o t de p art e d ,
With o u t d e l ay t o c o mp as s h is d e s tr u cti o n .
Th e r e w as ab o v e th e ir h e ad s a l o fty cliff
A nd u nd e r ne ath t h e S hah s l e pt p e ac e fu lly .
H is t w o ab an d o ne d br o th e r s s e ale d t h e h e igh t
Th at night u ns e e n and s cr u pli ng at no crim e
,
S e t l o o s e a m ighty cr ag u p o n t h e br o w
To fall dir e ctly o n th e ir br o th e r s h e ad ’
A nd kill him in h is s l e e p Th e cr as hi ng cr ag .
,
Fo r G o d s o o rd e r e d r o u s e d t h e s l u m b e re r
, ,
W e nt o n h is w ay b u t k e pt t h e m att e r s e cr e t .
S o o n t o b e c o m e t h e e ns ig n o f t h e r e al m .
A s Ar abs do t h e Dij la if th o u k no w e s t no t
, ,
A nd c am e u p o n t h e Dij la at B aghdad , .
O n dr awi ng ne ar h e s e nt t o gr e e t t h e g u ard
A nd s aid : D e s p atch t o thi s S id e ins t antly
Yo u r b o at s and v e s s e l s b e ar m e acro s s with all
,
Mi ne ar m y and le t no ne b e l e ft b e hind .
Th e riv e r gu ard s e n t no t h is b o at s no r c am e
-
At Faridlm s b e h e s t b u t m ad e r e ply
’ ’
Pl u ng e d with h is r o s e re d ch arg e r in t h e fl o o d
-
.
s t e e ds
’
Z A HH A K
A nd with th e ir ne ck s e m e rgi ng s e e m e d t o b e
Th e ph an t o m c o h o rt o f a dr e am Th e w arri o rs .
”
Th e Ar ab s as The H o ly Pl ac e Th e fair .
A nd Faridim b e h e ld it a m il e o ff
’
H e s aw a pil e wh o s e b u ildi ng t o w e r e d o e r S at u rn
’
Th e h e r o r e c o gni s e d th at s e at o f p o w e r
A nd S pri nglik e b e au t y as t h e Dr ago n s dw e lli ng
’
”
Bu t s till t is b e tt e r t o pr e s s o n th an t arry
’
.
H e e nt e r e d ridi ng
A n i ne xp e ri e n c e d b u t v ali ant y o u th ,
7
H o w F aridun t he S is te rs J ams hid
’
s aw o f
Th e n F ar idun o e rt h re w t h e t ali s m an
’
, s aw
TH E S H A H N A M A OF US I
L aid lo w t h e s o rc e r e r s within t h e p al ac e
All fi e rc e and no t abl e d ivs —and s e t hi ms e lf
U p o n t h e e nch ant e r s thr o ne Thi s d o ne h e t o o k
’
.
P o s s e s s i o n o f t h e r o y al cr o wn and p al ac e ,
Bu t th ou gh h e s e arch e d h e fail e d t o fi nd Z ah h ak .
Th e n fr o m t h e w o m e n s b o w e r h e br o u ght t w o I d o l s
’
S u n fac e d d ark —
-
, ey e d h e h ad th e m b ath e d b e p u rg e d ,
A nd th e y w e r e d az e d in m i n d lik e dr u nk e n fo lk .
Th e ir r o s y ch e e k s th o s e s i s t e r s o f J am s h id
S aid th u s t o F ari dun : M ay s t th o u b e y o u ng
Till e arth is o ld ! Wh at s t ar w as this o f thine ,
O fav o u r e d o ne Wh at tr e e b o r e th e e as fru it ,
Wh o v e nt u re s t ins id e t h e L i o n s l air ’
S o h ardily th ou m ighty m an o f v al o u r ?
,
Wh at angu i s h and wh at b al e h av e w e e nd u r e d
All thr ou gh this dr ag o n s h o u ld e r e d A hri m an
-
O h ! wh at a m i s e r abl e w o rld fo r u s
Did thi s i nfatu at e d s o rc e r e r m ak e
Y e t s aw w e ne v e r h e r e a m an s o h ardy ,
”
C o u ld t ak e t h e thr o ne .
My fac e ag ai ns t Z ah h ak s thr o ne in r e ve ng e ’
.
H e s l e w t h e c o w Birm ay a t o o — m y nu r s e ,
A v e ry ge m o f b e au ty Wh at c ou ld b e
.
,
N o w I am r e ady and I p u rp o s e w ar ;
I c am e no t fr o m iran t o bring h im p ard o n ,
1 64 TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI R DA U S f
Fr o m cli m e t o cli me h e ro v e t h fo r t h e s nak e s ,
Giv e h im no r e s t Tis ti m e fo r h is r e tu r n
.
’
,
”
Bu t pl ac e th e r e is no t .
S tricke n t o t h e h e art
Th at l o v e ly p air r e v e al e d t h e m ys t e ry
Th e e x alt e d chi e ft ai n li s t e ne d e ag e r ly .
The S to ry f
o Far idan a nd t he M inis te r of Z ak hah
S o th at h is m as t e r m arv e ll e d at h is z e al ,
O e
n n am e d Ku ndrav b e c au s e h e u s e d t o li m p
,
1
B e fo r e t h e u nj u s t ki ng H e c am e in h as t e .
R e p os i ng o n t h e thr o ne in p e r s o n lik e ,
A cypr e s s o v e r which t h e fu ll m o o n s hi ne th ,
O n o ne S id e S h ah rinaz t h e cypr e s s s li m -
Up o n t h e o th e r m o o n fac e d A rnaw az -
S t o o d r e ady ar m e d b e fo r e t h e p al ac e g at e -
I n Gr ac e fo r th o u de s e rv e s t s o v e r e ignty
, .
”
Ab o v e t h e r ai n cl o u d s -
.
Le t wi ne b e br ou ght c all m i ns tr e ls fit t o h e ar
, ,
1 Firdau s i
’
ty m l gy m t n
s e o o us ot be r li
e ed u p o n. S e e t h e int rodu c
t ry n t
o o e to thi r ig n
s e .
Z A H H AK
To ch e e r m e at t h e b anqu e t fill t h e g o bl e t
’
, ,
A nd no bl e gu e s t s wh o s e birth e ntitl e d th e m .
Ku ndrav at d aw n l e ft t h e ne w princ e in h as t e
,
With tr o o p s ; t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e thr e e in h e ig ht ,
B e tw e e n t h e o th e r t w o and h ath pr e c e d e nc e .
H is m ac e is lik e a m o u nt ai n cr ag and s hi ne th -
A m id t h e h o s t H e e nt e r e d thi ne ab o d e
.
O n h o r s e b ack an d t h e o th e r s r o d e with hi m
,
A no bl e p air H e w e nt and s at u p o n
.
Ku ndrav
R e t o rt e d : th at h ath an c x h e ad m ac e
O ne -
A nd m ak e th thi ne u ngr at e fu l fo lk h is o w n :
I f s u ch a g u e s t th o u k no w e s t k no w h im s u ch .
Z ahh ak s aid : Tr o u bl e no t it b o de t h w e ll
,
Wh e n g u es ts are at th e ir e as e ” .
Ku ndrav r e pli e d
Ye a I h av e h e ard s o h e ar th ou m y r ej o ind e r
,
TH E S H A H N AM A OF P I RDA U S I
I f thi s gr e at m an b e g u e s t o f thi n
an e
y
Wh at b u s i ne s s h ath h e in thy w o me n s b o w e r ’
H e s itt e t h with t h e s i s t e r s o f J am s h id
Th e w o rldlo rd t aki ng c o u ns e l whil e thi s h and
, ,
Z ah hak w o lf s av ag e wi s h e d th at h e w e r e d e ad
,
-
, .
Ku ndrav r e pli e d
H e nc e fo rth O ki ng ! I d e e m thy fo rtu ne s h e nt
, .
H o w s h o u ld s t th o u m ak e m e r u l e r in t h e city ,
O r giv e m e e v e n m i ns tr e l s w o rk wh e n th o u
’
H av e thi ne o w n i nt e r e s t s no c onc e r n fo r th e e
Th e y ne e r b e fo r e we r e in s u ch j e o p ardy
’
.
R o u s e d by th at t alk Zah h ak r e s o lv e d t o ac t ,
A nd b ad e h is
k e e n e y e d r o ad s t e r s t o b e s addl e d
-
.
N o w as h e n e ar e d t h e city by a byw ay
With v ali ant div s and w arri o r s and s aw ,
H is p al ac e r o o fs and g at e h e v o w e d r e v e ng e
-
.
Th e tr 0 0 p s o f F ar idun r e c e iv e d t h e tidi ng s
A nd fl o ck e d t o m e e t him L e api ng fr o m th e ir s t e e d s
.
”
S trik e n o t cri e d bl e s t S u r as h w h o h u rri e d thi t h e r
, , ,
H is ti m e h ath no t y e t c o m e b u t bi nd h im v an ,
3
-
u is h e d
q
Fir m as a r o ck and b e ar h im t o s o m e g o rg e ,
Bu t gat a l as s o m ad e o f li on s hid e
’
A nd b o u nd Z ah h ak ar o u nd t h e ar m s an d w ai s t
With b onds th at no h u g e e l e ph an t c o u ld s nap ,
D e p art r ej o icing e ac h o ne t o h is w o rk
, ,
A nd live and pr o s p e r l o ng b e c au s e t h e fo u l o ne
, ,
M e n h e ark e ne d t o t h e gr e at r e d o u bt e d S hah .
, ,
Th e n s aid : Th e r e al m is m i ne y o u r fo rtu ne s s t ar
“
,
’
Fr o m M o u nt Albu r z by Gr ac e and fo r yo u r s ak e s
, ,
To s e t t h e w o rld fr e e fr o m t h e Dr ag o n s b ane
’
.
ZA H H /
f
K
Bl e s t as we by H im w h o give th g o o d
are
A s ki ng I m ay no t t arry in o ne pl ac e ,
E l s e w o u ld I p as s with y o u a l e ngth o f d ay s .
Th e n o bl e s ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd A no n t h e din
.
O f dr u m s r o s e fr o m t h e g at e wh e r e o n all e y e s
W e r e fix e d t h e p e o pl e y e ll e d ag ai ns t t h e m an
, ,
Wh o s e d ay s w e r e al m os t s p e d : Bri ng fo rth t h e Dr ag o n
“
B ou nd in t h e l as s o s c o il s as h e d e s e rv e th
’
.
Th e tr o o p s withdr e w no w e althi e r th an th e y c am e ,
O r e v e r th o u s h alt h e ar this s t o ry t o ld .
V . 61
S h irkha n and drivi ng h im am o ng t h e m o u nt ai ns
,
N o e s c o rt o r b u t wh at thy s afe ty ne e d e th
, .
H e b o r e Z ah h ak as o ne th at rid e th p o s t
A nd fe tt e r e d h im u p o n M o u n t Dam aw and ;
S o wh e n ne w b o n d s w e r e add e d t o t h e o ld ,
Th e gl o ry o f Z ahh ak b e c am e lik e d u s t
A nd e arth w as cl e ans e d fr o m his ab o m i nati o ns ,
A nd b o n d s al o ne w e r e l e ft h im in t h e m o u nt ai ns ,
Wh e re F aridu n ch o s e o u t a narr o w g o rg e
A ch as m which h e h ad m ark e d o f vi e wl e s s d e pth
1 I n t h e Pe r ian
s , S hirkhan with
, o ne l tt r ch ng d w l d m
e e a e , ou e an
1 70 TH E S H A H N A M A OF P I RDA US I
Wh e r e on t h e br ai n m ight ch afe s e c u r e d Z ah h ak
'
, ,
B o u n d by t h e h and s u p o n a cr ag th at s o ,
H is ang u i s h m igh t e nd u r e Th u s w as h e l e ft
.
C o m e le t u s l e s t w e tr e ad t h e w o rld fo r ill
, ,
Be o n att ai ni ng e ve ry g o o d i n t e nt ;
N 0 go o d o r e vil will e nd u r e b u t s till
G o o d fu rnis h e t h t h e b e tt e r m o nu m e nt .
N 0 ang e l w as t h e gl o ri o u s F aridu n ,
N o t m u s k and am b e rgri s h e s tr o v e t o w in
By j u s tic e and b e ne fi c e nc e t h e b o o n
O f gr e at ne s s b e a F aridun th e r e i n .
By g o dlik e tr av ail u nd e rt ak e n h e
Firs t cl e ans e d t h e w o rld fr o m it s i niqu i t y .
D e vo id o f j u s tic e w as t h e chi e f d e e d d o ne
, .
H e ne xt av e nge d t h e m u rd e r o f Abtin ,
C au s e d all t h e w o rld t o r e c o g ni s e h is s w ay ,
Wh o t o o k aw ay fr o m o ld Z ahh ak t h e cr o wn ?
Up o n thi s e arth fi v e h u ndr e d y e ar s h e r e igne d
A nd th e n d e p arti ng l e ft an e m pty thr o ne
°
B e qu e athi ng e art h t o o th e r s h e r e t ai ne d
'
O f all th at h e p o s s e s s e d r e gr e t al o ne .
S o is it with u s wh e th e r gr e at or s mall
A nd s h e e p o r s h e ph e rd t is t h e s am e with all
’
.
,
1 72 PI R DA U s r
TH E S H A H N A M A OF
o ff ring t h H m t w n w r b rn t Th it f wh m n
e e ao a o so s e e o o r a, o o o e
w th
as h r K a p A t hw y i r p r nt d b i n g t h
e e o e re s s a . a s e ese e as e e
se c nd t fl t h H m nd
o o r w rd f
o
'
er d i ng n e ao a, a as a e a or so o a so
—Th ét n wh
,
i b rn t h im t
s o o d b l ch r ct r hroo ra ao a, ose ou e a a e as e o
h lrt
ea e rt c r ick n o Th w rd S ém
av e rigi n lly n
or u e s ess . e o a, o a a
a p t r nymic H i th d crib d S am K a p nd
a o . e s us es e as a e re s s a, a a
o th r titl — th t f N im n
e t h m nly m i nd d
es a o ar a au , e a e .
”
H i d crib d in t h Z nd
e s t es t h h ly K ap t h
e e a av as a as e o e re s s a, e
s am t h cl b b r r with pl it d h i r
a, e u t h m nly h
-
t d
ea e a e a ,
1
e a -
e ar e
K ap
e re s h wh w s th a t rdi t f t h m n f t r ngth e o as e s u es o e e o s e ,
n xt t
e Z r th t r f hi m nly c r g
o a a F M nly C r g
us a or s a ou a e. or a ou a e
cl avent h im u M nly C r g o fi m f f t n l . pi ng a ou a e, r o oo ,
u s ee ,
q ick t ri nd f lly w k th t cl nt K Sh t
”2
u o se, a ap u a a e, a av e u o e re s s a . or
a cc nt f hi xpl it cc r in t h Z nd t b t t h f ll t
ou s o s e o s o u e a av as a,
3
u e u es
are f nd in P hl i r i n f t h f rt n th F rg rd f t h
ou a a av ve s o o e ou ee a a o e
l t S dk N k I t pp r th t K a p gr t h w
os it
’
ar as . a ea s a e re s s a, ea as e as
c re ati n t h P i ik K n t h it i w h w
o s fi
t l d cl
e nt
a r a a a ,
o e are o
“
av e u o
K ap
e re s Th P i ik i t h
s a .P ri
”4
P ri F ry nd e a r a s e a ,
our e or ai ,
a
'
symb li i d l t ry in Z r t ri n myt h l gy K a p th r
o ses o a o o as a o o .
5
e re s s a e e
f r n gl ct d t h w r hip f fi n d b c m n i d l t r F
o e e e e e o s o re a e a e a o a e . or
h rd him c m m nd d b y Z r t r m m n d him nd h pl d d
ea o e e o o as e ,
su o e ,
a e ea e
t b r l
o e d in c n i d r ti n f t h g d w rk
e e as e chi d b y hi m o s e a o o e oo o s a e ve
whil n rth H rg d th t h l w t h
e o ea rp n t S é b
. e u e a e s e e se e r v ar ,
“
which w w ll wi ng h r nd w ll wi n g m n
as s nd it t
a o th o ses a s a o e ,
a s ee
wr e l ng my m it
e as w
o l rg asf r t n bl nk t ar ,
s e ar as as a e as ou ee a e s,
it y w
s e l rg
e wh l nd it h rn w
as as m cha D h ake as a ee ,
a s o as as u as a
5
in h ight eA nd I w r nni ng m ch
. h lf d y n i t b k as u as u as a a a o s ac ,
my h nd n d i t w a l i n t right by m
,
a by m G nd p as s a ou e e a are 7
w as l i n t right by wh m tw l di t rict w d r d t
s a ou ,
o e ve s s ere e vo u e a
o nc Wh n I l k d m n g t h t th f G n d p d d m n
e. e oo e a o e ee o a are ,
ea e
w r ticki ng m ng hi t th nd my b rd w
e e s ai d by him o s ee a ea as s e z e ,
1
D ZA ,
ii . 2 23 .
2
Id . 295 .
3
Id .
1
‘
Id 1 6 . . .
5
Id t .
,
no e .
6 i . s. Zah h ak .
7
S ee i ntr o du ct ry n t
o o e t o Zah h ak .
FA R I D 6111 1 73
p w rf l th n G nd p Th l f G n d p f t w l
o e u a a are . e so e o a are
’
s oo as a s o
i d b y m nd t h ki n w fl y d ff p t hi h d nd
se z e e, a e s as a e o u o s
’
ea , a
with it t h h n d n d f t f G nd p w r b nd e a nd s a ee o a are e e ou a
G nd a p w t k n id l in by m
are Gr nt m O A h
as a e ar s a e a e, u ar
m d haz n th pr m h n f I h
e av e l i n t h high
or e su e e e ave or av e s a e
w ym n w h w r
a e b ig in b dy th t wh n th y w r w lki ng
o e e so o a ,
e e e e a ,
p pl c n i d r d in thi w y th t b l w th m
eo e o s e th t r nd
e s a a e o e are e s a s a
m n nd b l w th mm
,
nd t h w t r
'
oo ,
a th n t d wn e o f e o ve s e su a a ,
a e a e o
th e r ch sea
p t th ir k n ea A nd I r ch d p t
es th i r
u o e ees .
’
ea e u o e
l g nd th y w r m itt n n t h l g b y m ; th y f ll nd t h
e s, a e e e s e o e e s e e e ,
a e
hill n t h r th w r h tt r d by th m K a p w n t n
s o e ea e e s a e e e .
”
e re s s a e o
t t ll h w t h d m n
o e rg d n t h wi nd t tt ck him h w it
o e e o s u e o e o a a ,
o
c m n in it tr ngth pr ti ng ry hr b nd t r
a e o s nd
s e ,
u oo e ve S u ,
a e e, a
r d ci ng r th t p wd r in it p th nd h w h with t d it
e u ea o o e s a ,
a o e s oo
a n d pr il d H fi n lly pl d d th t wh n in t h f l n
e va e . f e a ea e a e ,
e u e ss o
ti m Z hhak h ll c p f r m t h f tt r wh r wi th F ri dun
e, a s a es a e o e e e s e e a
d t r cti n h (K
es u ap ) l n o n c nq
,
r nd fi n lly d t r y
e e re s s a a o e ca o ue a a es o
th t il pirit U m d in c n id r ti n f t h t r g d pi rit
a ev s . r uz ,
o s e a o or e ou a e s
o f fi l ng r m i n d b d r t t t h pl di ng f K a p
re , o e a e o u a e o e ea s o e re s s a,
th gh pp r t d by th
ou f Z r
su t r hi m lf nd th r b t
o e ose o o o as e se a o e s, u
fin ll y yi l d d nd K asp w dmitt d i n t h n
a e e ,
a e re s a as a e o e av e .
1
With r g rd t t h fi n l d t r cti n f Z hh ak by K
e a ap wo e a es u o o a e re s s a e
fi nd i nf rm ti n in t h B nd hi h
o nd in t h
a B hm n Y t
o e u a s a e a a as .
C m b i ni n g t h
o cc nt gi n w l rn th t K a p bt i n d
e a ou s ve ,
e ea a e re s s a o a e
i mm r t li ty whil n r th b t th t w i ng t hi lighti ng fi
o a e o ea ,
u a o o s s re
w r hip h w w nd d by T rk n m d N iha nd f ll l p
o s e as ou e a u a e v, a e as e e
in t h ll y f Pi hi n in K ab li t an H i th r w tch d r
e va e o s u s . e s e e a e ove
till t h p ch wh n t h p w r f il h ll r lly f t h l t
e e o e e o e s o ev s a a or e as
gr t t r ggl g i n t g d nd A hri m n mm n Z hh ak fr m
ea s u e a a s oo ,
a a su o a o
M nt D m a
ou w nd Z hhak will r h f r th f r d f r m t h f tt r
a a . a us o ee o e e e s
f F id m fi r t pp r ntly w ll w A hri m n hi m lf nd th n
'
o ar i ,
s a a e s a o a se ,
a e a
s mit t h w t r fi
e nd g t ti n nd c mmit gri
e a e in ,
re , a ve e a o ,
a o e vo us s .
Th n t h w t r t h fi
e nd e g t ti n will l m nt b f r
a e ,
e re , a ve e a o a e e o e
U m d nd p r y th t F id m m y b r i d t l y Z hhak '
r uz a a a ar l a e e v ve o s a a ,
l fi d cl r th t it will n t h t nd w t r th t it will n t
e se re e a es a o ea ,
a a e a o
fl w o Th n U m d will b id S i h nd n th r ng l t r
. e r uz u ri s a a o e a e o ou se
K a p t h s am n
e re s Th y will g t him nd c ll him thric
s a e a . e o o a a e.
1
WPT , ii .
3 69 3 82
— .
1 74 PI RDA U S I TH E S H A H N A MA OF
A t t h f r th mm n h will w k
e ou nd g f r th t nc n t r
su o s e a e a o o o e ou e
Z hh ak
a m it him n t h h d with t h f m
,
s e cl b nd l y o e ea e a ou s u ,
a s a
h im A ll . il in nd m i ry will c
ev nd t h ,
f t rn l
s , a se e as e , a e e ra o e e a
happin e s s b e gin 1
'
. a e re s s a ar a au s s
u p i n t r l p r n
o s e ve liti — S am t h g r n df th r n d N r i m an
a e so a es ,
e a a e ,
a a ,
th gr t g r ndf th r f R t m G Sh a p
e ea a m r r m t
a e ,
o us a ,
ar s ,
a o e e o e
a nc t r f hi p rh p G h a p t h h r m nti n d in t h
es o o s, e a s ar s s ,
e e o e o e e
pr nt r ig n nd p ibl y G ha p t h t nth S h ah I n t h
ese e ,
a os s ars s ,
e e . e
ti m b c m t h n m f h r
es e o fl t r g
e e a es o e oes o a e a es
2
Th th r f F id i n S lm Ti m nd I r j — pp r in t h
,
e n ee s o s o ar l v
a , ,
a a a ea e
Z nda t S i im
av as a as Ta nd A i y r p cti ly Fi rd i
a r a, ra , a r u es e ve . au s
see m t d ri s th
o fi r t f c r wr n gly f r m t h A b i
e ve e s ,
o ou se o ,
o e . ra c
l am t
sa f tya ,
T ir m y b c nn ct d with n A ry n r t
” “
sa e .
”3
l a e o e e a a oo
m n in g w ll t g r w g r t t r ng Ir j i t h
“ “ ”
t u t ea o s e ,
o o ea or s o . a s e
m w rd A ry n n d m n n bl
”
sa e o as a a ea s o e.
Acc o rding t o t h e u s an c e o f o ld ti m e s
Within t h e p al ac e o f t h e ki ng o f king s ;
A nd o n t h e fir s t o f Mihr a b le s s é d day , ,
S e t o n h is h e ad t h e r o y al di ad e m .
1 WPT, i . 1 1 9, 233 —2 3 5 .
2
j ct m tt r f t h
Fo r t h e b
su b e f H E P 7 7 78 ; DZA i
-
a e o e a ove o .
, 2 ,
2 , .
M ZA iii W P T ii 3 69
3 3
—
22 ; 2
5 ;
—
. .
, . ,
2
I th l d t
n P hl i
e oth t f t h esi n c ipti t h l tt r
a nd l av a o e s r o ns e e e s r a
w r r pr t d by di ti nct ig n b t i t h l t r P hl i—th t f
esen e s s s, u n e a e a av a o
cript —t h m ign t d f b th l tt r ; it i
e e e
th em anu s s yt
e sa e S s oo or o e e s s e as o
und r t nd t h c nf
e s a i n th t r lt d p ci ll y in t h c
e o f pr p r
us o a esu e , es e a e as e o o e
n m a S DE I i 9
es. ee ,
. 1 .
TH E S H A H N A M A OF PIRDA U S I
A nd th e r e r e c e iv e d h e r g u e s t s S h e t h e n u nl o ck e d
.
Th e v ari ou s tr e as u r e s th at S h e h ad am as s e d ,
A nd p u rp o s e d t o di s trib u t e all h e r s t o r e .
I t s e e m e d t h e ti m e t o o pe t h e tr e as u ry ,
S h e m ad e n o s ti nt o f r o b e s and r o y al j e w e l s ,
H ab e rg e o ns h e l m e t s d o u bl e h e ad e d d art s
, ,
-
S w o rd s cr o w ns and b e lt s
, . I nt e n t u p o n h e r s o n
S h e pl ac e d h e r w e alth o n c am e l s and d e s p atch e d it
With pr ai s e s o n h e r t o ngu e Th e king o f e arth
.
Th e l e ad e r s o f t h e ar m y wh e n appri s e d
S p e d t o t h e m o narch o f t h e w o rld and cr i e d
Vict o ri o u s S hah and w o r s hipp e r o f G o d ,
To wh o m b e pr ai s e ! m ay H e giv e pr ais e t o th e e .
Th u s m ay t h e fo rt u ne s o f thy fo e s b e s h e nt ,
M ay h e av e n m ak e th e e s till vict o ri o u s
A nd m ay s t th o u s till b e gr aci ou s and au g u s t .
Th e wi s e c am e t o t h e S hah fr o m th e ir r e tr e at s
A nd p o u r e d b e fo r e h is thr o ne g o ld m ix e d with
ge m s ;
Th e no bl e s t o o fr o m all his pr o vi nc e s
At th at h o cktid e as s e m bl e d at h is g at e ,
’
Wh e r e all i nv o k e d G o d s bl e s s i ng o n t h e cr o w n ,
A s ti m e w e nt o n h e j o u r ne y e d r o u nd t h e w o rld ,
I ns t e ad o f gr as s t h e cypr e s s and t h e r os e t r e e -
.
H e r e ach e d Tamm is h a p as s i ng by A mu l
,
1
,
A n d b u il t a s e at th e r e in t h e famo u s ch ac e
Kus is t h e m o d e rn t itl e o f t h e pl ac e .
§ 2
N ow fifty ye ar s h ad p as s e d and by g o o d fo rt u ne
,
H e h ad thr e e no bl e s o ns fi t fo r t h e cr o w n ,
Tw o w e r e t h e s t ai nle s s s o ns o f S h ah rinaz ,
Th e y o u ng e s t fair ch e e k e d A rnaw az h ad b o rn e ;
-
A nd th o u gh th e y c o u ld o u tp ac e an e l e ph an t
Th e ir fath e r in h is l o v e h ad nam e d th e m no t .
I n ti m e t h e S hah p e rc e iv e d th e m fit t o r u l e
A nd c all e d J and al a n o bl e c o u ns e ll o r
‘
, ,
I n e v e rything d e v o t e d t o h is l o rd ,
O f no bl e li ne ag e w o rthy o f m y s o ns ,
I n b e au ty fi t t o b e afli ne d t o m e
A nd nam e d no t by th e ir s ir e fo r fe ar o f t alk
Thr e e S i s te r s in fu ll bl o o d wi t h fairy fac e s ,
H aving h e ard h e u nd e rt o o k
Th e fair e m pri s e for h e w as s hr e wd and u pright
, ,
1 I n M az anda an r .
TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI R DA vs f
Th e n wh e n h e h e ard o f any chi e f with d au ght e r s
H e s o u ght t o l e ar n ab o u t th e m privily ,
Y e t c o u ld no t fi nd am o ng t h e w e althy th ane s
O ne fit t o b e affi n e d t o F ar idu n .
H e c am e t o S arv and h av i ng ki s s e d t h e gr ou nd
,
Fo r e v e r liv e e x alt e d s o v e r e ig n
, ,
Th o u c e as e l e s s lu s t re o f t h e cr ow n and thr o ne
Th e ki ng s aid : Be thy pr ai s e in e v e ry m o u th .
I c o m e as s o m e p o o r h e ath e n t o c o nv e y
A m e s s ag e fr o m Ira n Gr e at Faridim
.
’
S al u t e th th e e by m e Th o u as k s t my b u s i ne s s
’
.
A nd gr e at are th e y wh o m h e d e s pi s e th no t .
H e s aid : S ay t o t h e m o narch o f Y am an
S o l o ng as m u s k h ath s c e nt p e rfu m e t h e thr o ne ,
A nd e v e r ki ng o f Ar ab s m ays t th o u b e
,
Fo r no ne is d e ar e r th an a child th at b o nd
,
I s as no o th e r b o nd . I f any m an
H ath thr e e e y e s I p o s s e s s th e m in my s o ns ,
H e w o u ld d e priv e m e o f th e s e Ey e s o f m i ne ,
A nd I w ou ld fai n c o ns u lt th e r e o n with y o u .
, , ,
’
Twill b e a lie ; t o lie is no t for ki ngs ;
If I s h all acqu ie s c e in h is r e q u e s t
My h e art will b e o n fi re m y fac e all t e ar s ; ,
Be F ar idu n h o w e v e r gr e at a ki ng
N o e arri nge d S l av e s are w e b u t s ay ou r s ay ,
A nd t ak e t h e c o ns e q u e nc e Tis o u r s t o h andl e
’
.
A re h e ld s o d e ar u nl o ck thy tr e as u ry
A nd s h u t thy lip s ; o r if th o u wilt u s e cr aft
, ,
Bu t fe ar e s t F aridu n m ak e s u ch d e m and s
,
Bu t fe lt no l e s s u nc e rt ai n o f his w ay
‘
.
F A R I D ( IN
§ 3
H o w the King f
o Yaman a ns we re d J andal
‘
A nd s p ak e t o h im at l arg e in gr aci o u s w o rd s
“
I am t h e s e rvan t o f thy l o rd ; in all
That h e c o mm ande th m e will I o b ey .
Th u s s ay t o h im : E x alt e d as th o u art
‘
,
I gr an t wh at th o u h as t s aid I t o o h av e childr e n,
A nd j u dg e by th e m ; y e t if t h e m ighty S hah
W e r e t o r e q u ir e m i ne e y e s o f m e o r as k ,
I t w e r e o f l e s s e r m o m e n t th an fo r m e
To ne v e r l o o k u p o n my childr e n m o r e ;
S till if t h e S ha h wis h this I m ay no t w alk
S av e as h e bidd e t h m e and my thr e e childre n
, ,
Bu t wh e n s h all I b e h o ld th o s e pri n c e ly s o ns
Wh o are t h e l u s tr e o f thy cr o w n and t hr o ne ?
Le t th os e bli t h e y o u th s c o m e hith e r and ill u m e
My gl o o my s o u l ; t o s e e t h e m will r e jo ic e
My h e art and I will c o n te m pl at e th e ir s hre wd ne s s ;
,
A nd wh e ns o e e r t h e S hah w o u ld s e e h is s o ns
’
Th e y s h all r e t u r n .
’
J and al t h e s we e t v o ic e d s p e ak e r
,
-
Th e n u tt e ri ng pr ais e s hi e d h im t o h is l o rd ,
Th e m o narch b ad e h is s o ns att e nd h e s p ak e ,
“
Th e m o narch o f Y am an is ki ng o f p e o pl e s ,
Th e s e I d e m and e d o f th e ir s ir e fo r y o u
A nd t o o k s u ch o rd e r as b e c o m e th u s .
Y o u r d u ty no w will b e t o go t o h im ,
Be c o m pl ai s an t b u t g uard e d th e r e with al ,
I f h e c o ns u lt e th y o u advi s e him w e ll .
Fo r h e is fl u e n t ard e nt s hr e w d an d p u r e
, , , .
All o w h im no t t o fi nd y o u o ff y o u r g u ard ,
H e will as s ig n y o u chi e f s e at s at a fe as t ,
A l l fu ll o f gr ac e o f c o l o u r and p e rf u m e
, , ,
A nd s e at th e m o n t h e thr o n e th e s e Cypr e s s e s ,
Th e e ld e s t l as t t h e o th e r in t h e m id s t
,
.
Th e e ld e s t m ai d a nd p air t h e m id in age
,
.
H o w r ang e y e in r e s p e ct o f age th e s e d am s e l s
TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI RDA o s r
S arv as k e d t h e e ld e s t prin c e : Which is t h e y ou ng e s t
“
A nd w hi ch t h e e ld e s t ? Thu s di s ti ng u i s h th e m
Th e y ans w e r e d as th e y h ad b e e n t au ght and s o ,
Th e i ntr o d u cti o n e nd e d in b e tr o th al .
W e n t fr o m t h e pr e s e n c e o f t h e thr e e y o u ng princ e s
I n S w e e t c o nfu s i o n bl u s h e s o n th e ir ch e e k
,
A nd m any a w o rd o f t e nd e rne s s t o s p e ak .
in law —t h e s o ns o f F aridun
,
Dr ank no t e xc e pt t o h im Wh e n wi ne pr e vail e d
.
,
A nd S l e e p and r e s t w e r e ne e d e d S ar v b ad e s e t ,
S o m e c o u ch e s by a fo u nt ai n o f r o s e w at e r -
H e l e ft t h e ro y al pl e as anc e and pr e p ar e d
H is s p e ll s . H e br o u ght a fr o s t and m ighty bl as t _
L e apt fr o m th e ir c ou ch e s at t h e gri e v o u s c o ld ;
F A RI D UN
A nd by t he Gr ac e o f G o d and th e ir o w ns kill -
O pp o s e d t h e s p e ll and k e pt t h e fr o s t aw ay .
N o w wh e n t h e s u n s h o ne o e r t h e m o u nt ai n t o p s
’
-
To fi nd th e ir ch e e k s lik e l api s l az u li ,
( N o archi m ag e e re pl an t e d pi ne s lik e th e m ) ,
N o t Faridii n s and m ay I ne v e r h e ar
’ ’
O f fe m al e i s s u e fr o m thi s r o y al s t o ck ;
H e h ath a l u cky s t ar w h o h ath n o t d au ght e r s ,
Bu t h e wh o h at h th e m h ath no s t ar t o s hi ne .
Th e n t o t h e as s e m bl e d s age s : Ki ngs m ay w e ll “
To h o ld t h e m d e ar as th e ir o w n e ye s are d e ar ,
A nd li m n th e m lik e th e ir o w n liv e s o n th e ir
h e art s .
TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI R DA U S I
He tt e r e d thi s al o u d and th e n b e b o u nd
“
Thu s did t h e y o u th s s e t o u t u p on th e ir w ay
To F aridli n with h e art s al e rt and gay
’
go
H o w F ar idii n made Tri al f his S ons
o
Wh e n tidi ng s th at t he pri nc e s h ad r e t u r ne d
R e ach e d F aridun h e w e nt t o m e e t th e m l ongi ng , ,
By t ri al o f th e ir ch ar act e rs t o e nd ,
H is b o di ng fe ar s s o ch ange d h im t o a dr ag o n
,
O ne th o u w o u ld s t s ay no li o n c o u ld e s c ap e
, ,
A s s o o n as h e p e rc e iv e d h is thr e e s o ns ne ar ,
Lik e s o m br e m o u nt ai ns in a cl o u d o f d u s t ,
H e r u s h e d in fu ry t o w ard h is e l de s t s o n ,
N o m an o f s e ns e and wi s d o m think e th go o d
”
To figh t w ith dr ag o n s .
Th e n h e s h o w e d his b ack
A nd fl e d . Th e fath e r t u r ne d t o w ard t h e ne xt ,
H is s e c o nd s o n wh o wh e n h e s aw t h e dr ag o n
,
S t r u ng u p h is b o w an d dr e w it s ayi ng th u s ,
Wh e n fight is t o w ar d wh at m att e r if t h e fo e
,
Be r o ari ng li o n o r br av e c av ali e r
Bu t wh e n t h e y o u ng e s t s o n c am e u p h e l o o k e d
Up o n t h e dr ag o n and cri e d o u t : Avau nt !
Th o u art a l e o p ard : w ar e t h e li o ns p ath ! ’
PI R DA
'
TH E S H A H MA M A
'
OF US I
H im name w e Tar—a li on br av e no t e v e n
A m ighty e l e ph ant c o u ld v an qu i s h him .
To d ar e is all t h e virt u e s in h is c as e ,
O ne th at c an bi de his t i m e an d y e t b e pr o m pt .
H e m u s t al o ne b e pr ai s e d Be h e Ir aj .
,
B e c au s e at firs t h e w as no t ch o l e ric ,
B u t at t h e ti m e o f s tr e s s h is c o u r ag e gr e w .
O f b l e s t Ir aj S ah i t o wh o m C ano p u s
, ,
Wh o s e as p e ct s r e ad e r s o f t he s t ar s h ad t ak e n ,
S pr e ad it b e fo r e h im and o b s e rv e d t h e fo rt u ne s
S al m s h o r o s c o p e
’
O f his ill u s tri o u s s o ns .
N e xt c am e t h e h o r o s c o p e o f gl o ri o u s Tar
’
Th e S u n as c e nd ant in t h e Li o n s H o u s e
A pr e s ag e br av e b u t wh e n t h e S hah o b s e rv e d
Th e h o r o s c o p e o f bl e s t Ir aj h e fo u nd
Th e M o o n in C anc e r ; t h u s t h e s t ar s r e v e al e d
A d e s tiny o f s trife and w o e Th e S h ah .
P e rc e ive d th at h e av e n l o v e d no t h is bright s o u l e d s o n, -
A n d as h e m u s e d th e r e o n h e c o u ld n o t b e
Bu t fill e d with th o u ght s o f gr av e an xi e ty .
1
A r am n D i r M ah i A ad Kh u M o n f nob l n t r ; and
z ea s es e ~ -
z a ,
o o e -
a u e
Sahi S t t l y
, a e .
§ 7
A n ar m y thith e r ; s o S al m t o o k t h e thr o ne ,
A nd all t h e W e s t s al u t e d him as l o rd .
To r u l e t h e T u rk m ans and t h e l an d o f Ch in ,
Arriv e d as s u m e d t h e s e at o f s o v e r e ignty
, ,
Th e no bl e s s h o w e r e d u p o n h im pr e ci ou s s t o ne s ,
C am e l as t t h e S i r e s e l e ct e d all Iran
,
Of m aj e s ty and cr o w n o f chi e fs h e g av e ,
Pe rc e ivi ng th at Ir aj d e s e rve d t o r u l e .
A nd s tr e w e d with d u s t t h e G ard e n o f h is S pr i ng .
TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI RDA 11 3 1
Thi s is t h e c o m mo n lo t o f all m anki nd
1 M an s s tr e ngth is w e ak ne s s wh e n h e gr o w e th o ld
’
.
Th e n gl o o m b e g an t o g at h e r in t h e s t ate ,
Th e pri nc e s o f t h e r e al m w ax e d t u rb u l e nt .
H e s at in c o ncl av e fo r h e m u ch m i s lik e d
,
, ,
A nd no w t h e y o u ng e s t h ath t h e chi e fe s t pl ac e 1
S i nc e I am fir s t in wi s d o m and in y e ar s
S u ch fo rt u ne d o th b e fi t m y s ig ne t ri ng -
Fr o m m e O ki ng ! s h o u ld th e y no t d e ck thy s e lf ?
,
A nd s av ag e as a li o n h e r e pli e d
H e e d w e ll m y w o rd s and t e ll th e m t o thy l o rd
I t w as wh e n w e w e r e y ou th s 0 m os t j u s t ki ng !
,
Th at w e w e r e ch e at e d by o ur fath e r thu s .
TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI R DA vs r
A nd th o u gh no e xc e ll e nc e app e are d in o ne
S o th at t h e o th e r s s h o u ld b o w d o wn t o h im ,
,
’
Ano th e r s h e ad th o u rais e ds t t o t h e cl o u d s
On o ne thi ne e y e s r e p o s e d with j o y and h e ,
N o w b at h t h e cr o w n and is b e s id e thy c o u ch ,
S o m e c o r ne r o f t h e w o rld wh e r e h e m ay s it
L ike u s in ang u i s h and o blivi on—w e ll
E l s e will w e brin g t h e T u rkm an c av ali e r s
A nd e ag e r w arri o r s o f Rum and Ch in
A n ar my o f t h e wi e ld e r s o f t h e m ac e
I n v e ng e anc e o n Ira n and o n Ir aj .
Th e pri e s t at thi s h ar s h m e s s ag e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd ,
Ch ai ne d o n t h e o th e r fi e rc e w ar e l e ph ant s
,
-
,
”
I t mu s t b e h e av e n h e th o u ght
,
and no t a c o u rt
,
”
Th e tr o o p s ar o u n d it are a fairy h o s t !
Th e w ary w atch m an w e n t and t o ld t h e S hah
A m an o f no bl e m i e n and high e s t at e
H ath c o m e as e nv o y t o t h e S hah .
H e b ad e
His s e rv ant s r ai s e t h e c u rt ai n and bring in
Th e en v oy wh e n dis m ou nt e d t o t h e c o u rt
, , ,
Wh o wh e n h e s aw t h e fac e o f F aridun ,
, ,
A nd r o y al m ou th which u tt e r e d gr aci ou s w o rd s
, ,
Th e n as k e d h im firs t ab ou t t h e no bl e p air
E nj o y th e y h e alth and h appi ne s s ? and n e xt
H e ans w e r e d : N o bl e S h ah ! “
M ay no ne b e h o ld t h e w o rld with o u t th e e ! Th os e
Of wh o m th o u s p e ak e s t are as th o u w o u ld s t wi s h ,
Th e m e s s ag e th at I bri ng t o th e e is h ars h
A nd s e nt in ang e r by no fau lt o f m i ne ,
Bu t if my l o rd c o mm and e th I will t e ll
Th e m e s s ag e s e n t by t w o i m pr u d e nt y o u th s .
, s see
ange r .
0 m an ofpr u d e nc e ! th u s h e m ad e r e ply ,
Th o u ne e d e s t no e xc u s e fo r I h av e e y e s
,
N
TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI RDA U S I
T e ll m ine u nh o ly and ab and o ne d s o ns
s p air o f A hr im an s wi t h dr e g s o f br ain
"
“ Thi
Tis w e ll th at y e r e v e al y o u r natu r e s thu s
A nd s e nd a gr e e ti ng w o rthy o f y o u r s e l v e s ;
Fo r if y o u r br ai ns are e m pty o f m y t e aching ,
A nd y e h av e n o id e a wh at wi s d o m is ,
N o t fe ari ng G o d y e c o u ld no t w e ll do o th e r
, .
, .
Which b e nd e th y o u it s e lf will no t e nd u r e .
N o w by t h e high e s t nam e o f h o ly G o d ,
By y o n bright s u n and by t h e t e e m i ng gr o u nd
, ,
By thr o ne by cr o wn by Ve nu s and t h e m o o n
, , ,
I n e v e r c as t an e vil l o o k u p o n y o u
.
I c all e d t h e s ag e s i nt o c o nfe r e nc e
,
Th e archi m ag e s and as tr o l o g e rs ;
Ab u nd ant ti m e w as S p e nt th e r e in th at s o
We m ight divid e t h e e arth with e qu ity
I h ad n o o bj e ct b u t t o d e al with fairne s s ;
Th e r e w as no knav e ry fr o m fir s t t o l as t '
My s e cr e t m o tiv e w as t h e fe ar o f G o d ,
If A hri m an h at h no w s e d u c e d y o u r h e arts
Fr o m m ine advic e t o d ark and c ro o k éd w ays ,
C o ns id e r if t h e O m nip o t e n t will l o o k
With appr o b ati o n o n thi s d e e d o f y o u r s .
fight
M ak e r e ady o pe t h e tr e as u ry bind t h e b agg ag e ;
, ,
Fo r if no t th e y will s u p o n th e e m y s o n ! ,
A re tr u th and inno c e n c e .
Th e go o d Ir aj
G az e d o n th at l o v i ng S hah h is gl o ri ou s s ire
, ,
A nd s aid : My l o rd ! c o ns id e r h o w ti m e p as s e th
Lik e win d ab o v e u s Why S h o u ld w is e m e n fr e t
.
'
I t with e r e th t h e ch e e k o f c e rci s bl o o m -
I t is at fi rs t a g ai n and th e n a p ai n ,
A nd wh e n t h e p ai n is d o ne w e p as s aw ay .
S i n c e th e n o u r c o u ch is d u s t o u r p ill o w brick
, ,
Lik e u s ; b u t th e y w h o w o r e t h e cr o w n o f o ld
M ad e no t a h abit o f r e v e nge I t o o .
,
A nd s ay : My l o rd s d e ar as m y s o u l and b o dy !
,
A nd y o u and I at l e ngth m u s t s h ar e h is lo t .
”
Wh at b e tt e r v e ng e anc e c an I t ak e th an th at ?
F A R ID UN 1 97
A n ans w e r s u ch as thine b e c o m e th w e ll
Thy v irt u ou s s e lf ; th o u art fo r br o th e rh o o d
A nd l o v e b u t d o th a pru d e n t m an e xp o s e
,
S i nc e nau ght b u t bi t i ng v e no m c o m e th th e nc e
By nat u r e ? Y e t if s u ch b e thy r e s o lv e
, ,
S e l e ct a r e ti nu e am o ng t h e tr o o p s
To go with th e e and I will writ e a l e tt e r
, ,
With s o rr o w in m y h e art t o th o s e t w o m e n
, .
Fo r wh e n I l o o k o n th e e my s ou l is bright .
Th e gr e at S hah wr o t e a l e tt e r t o t h e l o rd
O f all t h e W e s t an d t o t h e king o f Ch in ,
Wh e r e i n h e o ffe r e d fir s t his pr ai s e t o G o d
Who is and will b e t o e t e r ni t y ,
A nd t h e n w e nt o n : Thi s l e tt e r o f go o d c o u ns e l
I s fo r t w o S u ns at th e ir m e ridi an ,
O ne m o n arch o f t h e W e s t t h e o th e r o f Ch in
, ,
To wh o m m ys t e ri o u s thi ng s h av e b e e n di s cl o s e d ,
Wh o b randis h e t h t h e s w o rd and m as s iv e m ac e ,
Wh o o p e ne th t h e h o ard s o f h o p e and fe ar
-
,
1 98 TH E S H A H N A M A OF P I RDA US I
I do no t as k o f y o u y o u r di ade m s ,
Yo u r h o ard e d tr e as u r e s thr o ne s o r p al ac e s
, ,
Th at my thr e e s o ns s h o u ld dw e ll in p e ac e and l o ve .
Th e br o th e r as t o wh o m y o u r h e art s are s o r e
( Th o u gh no ne h ath fe lt a chilli ng br e ath fr o m him )
D o th c o m e in h as t e b e c au s e o f y o u r ch agrin ,
A nd o f h is e ag e rne s s t o s e e y o u b o th .
N o w s i n c e h e is t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e thr e e
H e h at h a righ t t o l o v e and t e nd e r ne s s .
H o ld him in h o n o u r and r e p e n t y o u r s e lv e s
,
A s I h av e fe d h is b o dy fe e d h is s ou l ,
Th e y s e al e d
Th e l e tt e r with t h e S i gne t o f t h e S hah .
B o th y o u ng and o ld as w e r e im p e r at iv e ;
,
Th e tr o o p s t o m e e t h im as th e ir c u s t o m w as .
Wh e n th e y b e h e ld th e ir br o th e r s fac e o f l o v e
’
Th e y S h o w e d t o h im an alt e r e d c o u nt e nanc e ,
A nd b e nt o n q u arr e l g av e t h e p e ac e fu l o ne
A gr e e ting b u t no t s u ch as h e d e s ir e d .
Tw o h e ar t s w e r e fu ll o f v e ng e anc e o ne w as c al m
,
Th e tr o o p s s aw as th e y l o o k e d u p o n Ir aj
, ,
Why s h ou ld s t th o u t ak e t h e cr o w n o f p o we r ? M u s t
th o u
P o s s e s s t h e thr o n e o f pri n c e s and Iran
Whil e I am b o nd s l ave at t h e T u rk m an s g at e ? ’
Thi ne e ld e s t br o th e r c h afe t h in t h e W e s t
Whil e th o u art cr o w ne d and w alke s t o v e r tr e as u r e ,
Ir aj m ad e ans w e r in a h o li e r s tr ai n
O m ighty chi e ft ai n l o ve r o f r e no w n
,
S e e k p e ac e if th o u w o u ld s t h av e thy h e art at e as e .
I do no t w an t t h e r o y al cr o w n o r t hr o ne ,
Alth ou gh th o u ride s t o n t h e h e av e n ab o v e ,
Fo r m y p art th ou gh t h e m as t e r o f Iran
, ,
A nd yi e ld t o y ou t h e di ad e m and S igne t ,
S o h at e m e no t ; th e r e is n o fe u d b e tw e e n u s ,
Far fr o m y o u r k e n I e v e r ac t as y o u ng e r :
Wh o pl e ad e d fo r h is
life : H as t th o u n o fe ar
O f G o d no r any r e v e r e nc e fo r thy s ir e ?
,
I s thi s i nd e e d thy p u rp o s e S l ay m e no t ,
Fo r in t h e e nd m y bl o o d will b e r e qu ir e d .
Be no t t h ou r e ck o ne d with t h e m u rd e r e r s ,
A nd h e nc e fo rth th o u s h alt fi nd no tr ac e o f m e .
I will ch o o s e s o m e r e tr e at and e ar n m y br e ad
Why gird thy l o i ns t o t ak e a br o t h e r s life ? ’
W o u ld s t h av e t h e w o rld ? T h o u h as t it S h e d . no t
bl o o d
Pr o v o k e no t G o d t h e R u l e r o f t h e w o rld
,
.
H e dr e w a d agg e r fro m h is b o o t h e r o b e d ,
F e ll t h e i m p e ri al girdl e s t e ad w as br ok e n
, ,
Th e bl o o d ran d o w n th at fac e o f c e r c i s bl o o m -
Bu t n e e d s m u s t w e e p fo r s u ch an ac t as thi s .
1
p t p t h i w n pr t t i nt t h m th f Ir j g in t t h
Th e oe u s s o o es o e ou o a a a s e
M l Fir
oo a nt r d th
o oz lin i t h i P nd N amah w hich m y
, e e e e se es n o s a ,
!
a
b t k n b tt r d y f t h wi littl cr t r
e o e e e a DZ A i
s 7
or e se e ea u e .
”
, . 1 1 .
i B k . e . oo 0 1 c o u ns e l s .
TH E S H A H N A M A P I R DA U S T
’
OF
T ak e w arn ing by th e s e p e r s e c u t o rs d e e d ’
.
Wi t h th e s e w o rd s L o o k u p o n thy d arli ng s h e ad
“ ’
Th e i nh e rit o r o f o u r fo r e fath e r s cr o wn
’
A nd giv e it cr o w n o r thr o ne as pl e as e th th e e .
A nd th o s e t w o m i s cr e ant s w e n t th e ir w ay in S pl e e n ,
O ne u nt o Ram t h e o th e r u n t o Ch in
,
.
$1 1 3
Th e y e s o f F ar idu n w e r e o n t h e r o ad
e ,
W e r e all in r e adi ne s s t o w e lc o m e h im
A nd c all e d fo r wi ne and s o ng and m i ns tr e l s y .
A nd pu t u p d e c o r ati o ns e v e rywh e r e
Thr o u gh o u t h is pro vi nc e Whil e t h e S hah and tr o o p s
.
We r e b u s i e d th u s a cl o u d o f d u s t app e are d ,
A nd fr o m it s m id s t a dr o m e d ary ridd e n
By o ne in gri e f w h o u tt e r e d bit t e r cri e s ;
H e b o r e a g o ld e n c as k e t and th e r e i n
,
Th e g o o d m an c am e with w o e fu l c o u nt e nan c e
To F aridu n and w ail e d al o u d Th e y r ai s e d
.
Th e go ld e n c as k e t s lid ( fo r e v e ry o ne
’
TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI RDA U S I
Th e tr e e s a
-
bl o o m t h e will o w s and t h e q u in c e s
, ,
Ar o u nd h is l o in s a r o p e b e s mirch e d with bl o o d .
H e fir e d t h e h o u s e wh e r e in Ir aj h ad dw e lt ,
D e s tr o y e d t h e r o s e b e d s b u r nt t h e cypr e s s tr ee s
-
,
-
A nd cl o s e d u p o n c e fo r all t h e e y e o f j o y .
H e pl ac e d t h e pri nc e s h e ad u p o n his br e as t
’
J u dg e !
L o o k do w n u p o n this m u rd e r e d i nno c e nt ,
Wh o s e s e v e r e d h e ad is h e r e b e fo r e m e no w ,
Whil e fo r e ign li o ns h av e d e v o u r e d h is b o dy .
D o Th o u s o b u r n u p th o s e t w o m i s cr e ant s h e ar t s
’
Th at th e y m ay ne v e r s e e a bright day m o r e .
S o pi e rc e and s e ar t h e live r s o f th e m b o th
Th at e v e n b e as t s o f pr e y s h all pity th e m .
O h gr ant m e Th o u th at j u dg e s t r igh t e ou s ly !
,
Le t him b e h e ad th o s e t w o i nj u ri o u s m e n
A s th e y b e h e ad e d h im w h o wr o ng e d th e m no t ,
A nd wh e n I h av e b e h e ld it le t m e go
Wh e r e e arth s h all t ak e t h e m e as u r e o f m y h e ight .
H is pill o w w as t h e d u s t his b e d t h e gr o u nd
,
Until t h e h e rb ag e gr e w ab o u t his br e as t
A nd b o t h th o s e l u s tr o u s e y e s o f his w e r e di mm e d .
H e g av e no au di e nc e b u t with o u t s u rc e as e
,
H o w m any d ays th e y s at in th e ir di s tr e s s
A d e ath in life o f u tt e r h o p e l e s s ne s s !
Th e m o o n fac e d b e au ti e s w h o r e s id e d th e r e
-
H e s aw a s l av e o f l o v e ly c o u nt e nan c e ,
A nd fat e d e cr e e d th at s h e s h o u ld b e ar h im fr u it .
Bu t wh e n h e r ti m e w as c o m e s h e b o r e a d au ght e r ,
A nd h o p e d e fe rr e d h u ng h e avy o n t h e S hah .
A nd all t h e fo lk b e gan t o ch e ri s h h e r
A s s h e i ncr e as e d in s t at u r e and in ch ar m s .
Th ou w o u l ds t h av e s ai d t o h e r t h e t u li pch e cke d -
Th o u art Ir aj hi m s e lf fr o m h e ad t o fo o t .
”
Wh e n s h e w as o ld e no u gh t o w e d—a Pl e i ad
I n c o u nt e nanc e with h air as bl ack as pitch
H e r gr and s ir e ch o s e P as h ang t o b e h e r s p o u s e :
P as h ang w as br o th e r s s o n t o F arid an
’
D e s c e nd e d fr o m a no bl e anc e s try ,
A h e r o o f t h e s e e d o f S hah J ams h id ,
A nd in thi s w ay no littl e ti m e p as s e d o n .
I s
The B ir th f
o hf imichi hr
M ark wh at a w o nd e r y o n bl u e vau l t r e v e al e d
.
Wh e n ni ne m o n th s h ad e l ap s e d ! Th at virt u o u s d am e
Bro u ght fo rth a s o n fi t fo r t h e cr o w n and thr o ne ,
Th e b e ar e r s aid : 0 m as t e r o f t h e cr o w n !
Le t all thy h e art b e j oy : b e h o ld Ir aj
Th e w o rld di v id e r s lip s w e r e fu ll o f s m il e s ;
’
-
Th ou w o u ld s t h av e s aid : H is o wn Ir aj d o th liv e .
H e g az e d o n th at n e w c o m e r s fac e h e cri e d
’
-
”
Be thi s day bl e s t and o u r fo e s h e art s pl u ck e d o u t !
’
A nd s aid : Fr o m t w o p u r e p ar e nt s th e r e h ath c o m e
”
A pr o p e r br anch t o fru it .
H e r e ar e d t h e b ab e
S o t e nd e rly th at no t a br e ath p as s e d o e r him
’
.
The s l av e th at c arri e d h im u po n h e r br e as t
Tr o d no t t h e gr ou nd fo r u nd e rne ath h e r fe e t
,
Th e p u r e s t m u s k w as s tr e w n and as s h e w alk e d ,
A s u ns h ad e o f br o c ad e w as o e r h e r h e ad ’
.
Ye ar s p as s e d no ill b e fe ll h im fr o m t h e s t ar s ;
,
1
Th e w rd h r tr
o e e lt
ans a e d O p i g
en v sa e is “
manac h ihr ” . Fo r t h e
tr
ue m e an ing of M infi c h ih r s ee i ntr d ct ry n t
o u o o e t o t he ne xt r ig n e .
TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI R DA 0 5 1
16
Th e y ch o s e a m an p e r s u as iv e wi s e and m o d e s t
, , ,
To wh o m th e y m ad e a p as s i o nat e app e al ,
O n high ne ck e d e l e ph an t s t h e e m b as s age
-
W e nt fr o m t h e W e s t in s t at e t o ward Iran .
A nd wh e n th e r e w as as m u ch as h e art c o u ld wi s h
Th e e nv o y c am e pr e p ar e d t o s t art Th e king s
.
G av e h im thi s e m b as s y t o Faridti n ,
O n wh o m G o d h ath b e s t o w e d t h e r o y al Gr ac e ,
Be his h e ad fl o u ri s hing h is p e r s o n l o v e d
, ,
H is g e ni u s high e r th an h e av e n ! I pr e s e nt
A c as e c o m m itt e d t o m e by t wo s l av e s
At thi s high p o rt al o f t h e king o f kings .
N o w s e e k h o w b e s t th e y m ay e xc u s e th e m s e lv e s ;
Till no w th e y h ad no h o p e o f b e i ng h e ard .
Wh at do th e y s ay Th e ir w o rd s wi s e S hah ! are th e s e :
,
Le t him th at did t h e e v il b e ar t h e br u nt ,
A S w e are d o i ng no w 0 no bl e S hah
,
Th u s w as it writt e n do w n fo r u s by fat e
A n d by d e cr e e o f fat e t h e s e qu e l c am e ;
E e n w o rld c o ns u m i ng li o ns and fi e rc e dr ag o ns
’
-
E s c ap e no t fro m t h e n e t o f d e s ti ny .
Ag ai n— th e fo u l Div b ad e u s pu t as id e
All t e rr o r o f t h e Wo rldlord fr o m o u r h e art s ,
H e t o o k p o s s e s s i o n o f t w o wi s e m e n s br ai ns
’
,
.
A nd m ightily pr e v ail e d ag ai ns t u s b o th ;
A nd n o w o u r h o p e is th at p e rch an c e t h e S hah
M ay y e t fo rgiv e u s and i m p u t e t h e wr o ng
,
Th at is at o nc e o u r s h e lt e r and o u r s c ath ,
A nd thirdly t o t h e Div th at in o u r m id s t
I s gird e d r u nne r like t o w o rk u s ill
-
.
N o w if t h e gr e at king s h e ad no l o ng e r h arb o u re t h
’
Le t h im s e nd M innc h ih r and as an e s c o rt , ,
1 7
H ow F arid zin received hi s S ons
’
M essage
fo ll o w
,
Th e e nv o y r e ach e d t h e p o rt al o f t h e S hah
With tr e as u r e s o f all ki nd s o n e l e phants .
TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI RDA U S I
Wh e n Faridim w as t o ld h e g av e c o mm and
'
To s pr e ad br o c ad e o f R11 m u p o n t h e thro ne
’
O f ki ng o f ki ng s and h av e t h e r o yal cr o wn
Pr e p ar e d th e n t o o k h is s e at as h e h ad b e e n
,
A n u pright cypr e s s n e at h a fu ll o rb e d m o o n
’
-
Bl e s t M inachih r s at by h im cr o w ne d t h e no bl e s ,
S t o o d r ank e d in d o u bl e fi le in r o b e s o f g o ld ,
W e r e ch ai ne d o n t h e o th e r h u g e w ar e l e ph ant s
,
-
.
Th e n fr o m t h e p al ac e i s s u e d b o ld S h apii r ’
To i ntr o d u c e S al m s e nv o y w h o o n s e e i ng
’
A s s o o n as h e dr e w n e ar t o F aridii n
'
H e b e n t u nt il h is vi s ag e t o u ch e d t h e gr o u nd .
B ad e h im b e s e at e d o n a g o ld e n s e at .
We s e rv e t h e d u s t th at is b e ne ath thy fe e t
”
A nd o nly liv e s i nc e th o u wilt h av e it s o .
Th e s e pr ai s e s c au s e d t h e S hah s fac e t o r e l ax ’
Wh e r e at t h e e nvo y s p ak e o f cl e m e ncy
With gr e at cr aft and t h e S hah gav e e ar t o him
,
Whil e h e r e p e at e d th o s e t w o m u rd e r e r s w o rd s ’
E nd e av o u ri ng t o k e e p t h e tr u th c o nc e al e d
A n d m ak e e xc u s e s fo r th e ir wick e d ne s s ,
T o g e th e r with t h e l e ad e r s o f t h e tr o o p s
S u ch chi e fs as S am t h e s o n o f N arim an ,
N e xt fo r th e ir pl e adi ng th at t h e S hah m u s t w as h
H is h e art fr o m v e ng e an c e and fo rgiv e o u r cri m e
, ,
B e c au s e t h e s k y s o t u rn e d o e r u s th at wi s d o m
’
A n d n o w th at p ati e n c e is fo rd o ne I ans w e r :
‘
N 0 m an th at s o w e th s e e d o f vi o l e nc e
S h all s e e go o d d ay s o r j o c u nd P aradi s e .
Th e wi s e e s t e e m t h e s e lf e xc u s e r gu ilty
-
.
R e ve r e y e no t t h e gl o ri o u s L o rd o f all ?
Y o u r h e art s are bl ack y o u r t o ngu e s s p eak gl o z ing
,
w o rd s ;
H e will r e qu it e y o u fo r it in b o th w o rld s .
A nd thirdly s i nc e y e s e nt an iv o ry thr o ne
,
With p u r s e s fu ll o f div e r s c o l o u r e d g e m s
-
A m I t o b alk r e v e ng e t o w as h aw ay
,
Th e bl o o d and s e ll t h e pri nc e s h e ad fo r go ld ?
’
N ay ! p e ri s h fir s t thr o ne di ad e m and Gr ac e !
, ,
Who t ak e th m o ne y fo r a pric e l e s s h e ad .
FA R I D UN 2 1 3
S h all an
y s ay :
“
Th e s ir e in h is o ld a
g e
A s fo r th e s e gift s o f y o u r s— I ne e d th e m no t .
Bu t wh e r e fo r e u tt e r I s o m any w o rd s
Yo u r h o ary h e ad e d s ire will no t u ngird
-
Th e l o i ns o f h is r e v e ng e whil e life e nd u r e th
’
.
R e t ai n it e v e ry whit and ge t th e e g o ne .
Th e m e s s e ng e r gr e w p al e at thi s dr e ad S p e e ch
A nd at t h e b e aring o f prin c e M imi c h ihr ,
Th e no bl e y o u thfu l e nv o y s hr e wdly s aw
,
H e s pe d
Lik e r u s hing wind h is he ad fu ll o f t h e m e s s age
, ,
H is h e art o f b o di ng s Wh e n h e s aw t h e W e s t
.
,
O f p ai nt e d S il k with o th e r t e nt s ar o u nd ,
“
Th e e nvo y h ath r e t u r ne d .
Th e ch am be rl ai n
Appr o ach e d and t o o k h im t o t h e r o y al pr e s e nc e .
Th ey h ad a s p e ci al s e at pr e p ar e d fo r h im
A nd as k e d fo r tidi ng s o f t h e ne w — m ad e S hah ,
H is h os t h is w arri o r s and h is d o m i ni o ns
, , ,
A nd o f t h e as p e ct o f t h e t u r ni ng s k y
Wh at fav o u r s h o we t h it t o M inii ch ihr ? ’
Wh o are t h e no bl e s Wh o is m i nis t e r ?
Wh at tr e as u r e s h av e th e y ? Wh o h ath ch arge
th e r e o f ?
Th e e nv o y s aid : Th e p o rt al o f t h e Shah
“
OF
Fo r t is t h e j o c u nd S pri ng o f P ar adis e
’
Th e r o o f ab o v e h is p al ac e is a h e ave n ,
Wh e n I appr o ach e d h is l o ft y r e s id e n c e
I t s r o o f w as t e l lin g s e cr e t s t o t h e s t ar s .
W e r e e l e ph ants Th e w o rld it s e lf w as pl ac e d
.
W e r e s e at s o f g o ld and r o u nd t h e li o ns ne ck s
,
’
W e r e j e w e ll e d t o rqu e s Th e ty m b al — . pl ay e r s s t o o d
B e fo r e t h e e l e ph ant s whil e tr u m p e ts bl ar e d .
s h o u t e th
To h e av e n I c am e b e fo r e th at w e ll l o v e d S h ah
’
-
.
,
H e w o r e a s p arklin g r u by c o r o ne t .
H is h air w as whit e as c am ph o r an d h is ch e e k s ,
We r e lik e t h e p e t al s o f t h e r o s e H is h e art .
I s fu ll o f cl e m e n c y his s p e e ch is ki nd ;
,
, ,
Th e r e Ka wa s t o o d t h e s kill e d am o ng t h e s m ith s
, ,
Wi t h o ne b e fo r e h im w e ll b e s e e n in w ar
H is s o n Kar an by nam e t h e w arri o r
, , ,
Th e tr e as u r e r—vict o ri o u s G ars h as p
,
W e r e th e r e Th e s u m within t h e tr e as u ri e s
.
App e ar e th no t N o ne e v e r s aw s u ch gr e atne s s
. .
TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI R DA U S I
’
A y o u th pr e d e s ti ne d t o b e fo rt u nat e
M ay h app e n t o e ns n ar e a m o u nt ain s h e e p -
H e will t ak e s av ag e li o ns in h is t o ils ,
A nd n o w m y fo e s in th e s e m y cl o s ing d ays
I w o u l d ch as ti s e and wi e ld a s w o rd o f fi re .
To l e av e no p art e xp o s e d and th e n in q u e s t
,
H o ld I a m an : d ar e th e y c on t e nd with m e ? ”
H e o rd e r e d th at Kar an w h o l o v e d t h e fr ay
, ,
S h o u ld cr o s s t h e fr o nti e r t o t h e d e s e rt t ak ing ,
A n d th o u h ad s t s aid : Th e s u n is az u r e dim
“
-
.
A cl am o u r r o s e e nou gh t o d e afe n e ar s
Th o u gh k ee n t h e ne ighin g o f t h e Arab s t e e d s
,
Th e y l e ft Tamm is h a
A nd b o r e t h e c am p e n cl o s u r e t o t h e w as t e
-
.
Kar an t h e av e ng e r w as t h e g e ne ral ,
K ar an w e nt fr o m t h e fo r e s t o f Narw an
, ,
H e g av e t h e ar m y s l e ft wi ng t o G ars h as p ;
’
With S arv w as in t h e c e n tr e wh e nc e h e s h o ne ,
Le d by K ar an with ch am pi o ns s u ch as S alm
, ,
Th e h e r o e s o f t h e h o u s e o f T al im a n
We r e am b u s cad e r s and t h e h o s t w as d e ck e d
,
A nd din o f dr u m s .
M e n b o r e t h e ne w s in h as t e
To Tur and S al m Th e Ira ni ans ar m e d fo r figh t
“
A re m archin g t o w ar d t h e d e s e rt fr o m t h e fo r e s t ,
A nd s ay t o h im Th o u b as t ard j u s t m ad e S hah
Wh at th ou gh th e r e w as a d au ght e r t o Ir aj V , . 10 7
H as t th o u a right t o S igne t cr o w n and thr o ne , ,
”
“
Ye a I will t ak e thy m e s s age s aid K u bad
, , ,
“
I n thine o wn w o rd s and s t yl e b u t th ou wilt qu ak e ,
’
Twill no t b e s tr ange if e ve n s avag e b e as ts
1
Re ad n i g with C .
2
Cf . DE I , ii . 21 7 .
TH E S H A H N A M A P I R DA U S I
’
OF
Bu t pr ai s e t o H im —t h e L o rd o f b o th t h e w o rld s
.
, ,
A s bl e s s e d F ar idu n as s u re t h m e ,
Bu t wh e n I s h o w m y p e r s o n in t h e fight
My birth and pr o w e s s will appr o v e th e m s e l v e s .
N o w by t h e Gr ac e o f H im w h o r u l e th s u n
A nd m o o n I will no t l e av e Tur p o w e r t o wi nk ,
H e c e as e d
A nd i s s u e d o rd e r s t o pr e p ar e a fe as t .
H o w M z mi chihr f
’
at tacke d t he H os t Tu r
'
A nd S arv t h e c o u ns e ll o r w h o l e d t h e h o s t
, ,
,
”
A day o f m arti al d e e d s and v e ng e anc e s e e ki ng
1 -
A pr o cl am ati o n i s s u e d t o t h e tr o o p s
0 m e n o f nam e and Li o ns o f t h e S hah !
1
i g w ith C
R e ad n .
TH E S H A H N A M A PI R DA U S I
'
OF
A no n t h e pl ai n ran bl o o d : th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid
Th at tu lip s s pr ang u p Mighty e l e ph ants
.
S t o o d as o n c o r al c o l u m ns i n th e g o r e
'
V . m Ye t fo r t u ne in o ne s t ay abid e th no t ,
N o w h o ne y and no w g all m ak e u p m an s lo t
’
.
Bu t no o ne c am e e e n wh e n nigh t t u r ne d t o day
’
A nd th e y th e ms e lv e s w e r e anxi o u s fo r d e l ay .
N o o n p as s e d With v e ng e fu l h e art s t he br o th e r s m e t
.
Fo r c o ns u lt ati o n ; m id th e ir fo o li s h s ch e m e s
Th e y s aid : Le t u s at t e m pt a night at t ack -
B e n t o n a c am is ad e Th e Irani an s c o u ts
.
G at n e w s th e r e o f and s p e d t o M inuch ih r
,
To t e ll him s o th at h e m ight p o s t h is tr o o p s .
H e l e ft Kar an t h e h o s t and le d hi m s e lf
A n am b u s c ad e with thirty th o u s an d w arri o r s ,
A s h o u t r o s e fr o m t h e c e ntr e s o f t h e h o s t s ,
Th e h o r s e m e n m ad e t h e air a cl o u d o f d u s t
A nd s t e e l s w o rd s fl as h e d lik e light ni ng : th ou h ads t
s aid
Th e y mak e air bl az e e arth gl e am lik e di am o nd s
.
,
.
Th e cl as hin g o f t h e s t e e l w e n t thr o u gh t h e br ai n ,
H o t fo r r e v e ng e and cri e d :
,
S t ay m i s cr e ant
, ,
Wh o l o ve s t fig ht s o w e ll and c u tt e s t o ff
Th e h e ad s o f i nno c e nt s I Kno w s t no t th at all
’
.
D e s ir e r e v e ng e o n th e e 7
H e h u rl e d a d art
Ag ains t Tur s b ack wh o s e s w o rd fe ll fr o m his gr as p
’
, .
Th e n M inuch ih r lik e wi nd u ns e at e d h im ,
C as t him t o e arth s l e w h im c u t o ff h is h e ad
, , ,
A nd l e ft t h e b o dy fo r t h e b e as t s o f pr e y ;
Th e n w e nt b ack t o h is c am p t o c o nt e m pl at e
Th at s y m b o l o f a fall fr o m high e s t at e .
Th e n M inuchih r wr o t e t o S h ah F ar idun
Ab ou t t h e w ar—it s fo rt u ne s g o o d and ill
A nd fir s t h e s p ak e o f H im w h o m ad e t h e w o rld
Th e L o rd o f g o o d ne s s p u rity and j u s tic e
, ,
Pr ai s e t o t h e Wo rldlo rd wh o h ath s u cc o u r e d u s 1 W
M e n fi nd no o th e r h e lp e r in th e ir s tr ait s .
H e is t h e G u id e h e m ak e th h e a
, rt s r ej o ic e V . x 14
N e xt pr ai s e s b e t o no bl e F ar idun
,
Th e l o rd o f cr o wn and m ac e p o s s e s s e d o fj u s tic e
, ,
H is fo rt u ne is t h e s o u rc e o f right e o u s ne s s ,
H is thr o ne o f b e au ty and o f e xc e ll e nc e .
TH E S H A H N A M A OF P I RDA U S i
By virt u e o f t hy Gr ac e I r e ach e d Turan ,
, ,
Pi e rc e d thr o u gh h is ar m o u r with a j av e li n ,
A nd t o o k h im fr o m h is s addl e like t h e wi nd .
I fl u ng him as I w o u ld a s e rp e n t d o w n
A nd fr o m h is w o rthl e ss b o dy s m o t e t h e h e ad ,
Will s e t ab o u t a s tr at ag e m fo r S al m .
S i nc e Tur h ad pl ac e d withi n a g o ld e n c as k e t
H is r o y al br o th e r s h e ad in fo u l c o nt e m pt
’
A nd h ad no r u th o r r e v e r e nc e fo r h im G o d , ,
Th e l e tt e r d o ne h e s e nt a c ame l e e r ,
Th o u gh d e ad s o ns w e r e p e rve r s e th e ir fath e rs m o u r n
th e m ;
Bu t as t h e cri m e w as gr e at and u n pr o v o k e d ,
A nd as t h e av e ng e r w as b o th y ou ng and br av e ,
W h o pr aye d t o G o d t h e right e ou s J u dg e t o p o u r
, ,
O n M in uc h ih r h is bl e s s i ngs e v e r mo r e .
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
O F FI R DA U S I
Di s g u i s e d as e nvo y t o t h e c as t e ll an
To s h o w t o h im t h e S ig ne t ri ng o f Tur -
.
“Th e n I am in t h e c as tl e I will r ai s e
Th e s t and ard and will m ake t h e bl u e s wo rd s gl e am
, .
M ak e o ns e t and lay o n .
H e l e ft t h e h o s t
H ard by t h e h o ld whil e h e hi m s e lf ad v anc e d ,
A n d wh e n h e r e ach e d t h e c as tl e t o ld h is t al e ,
S h o w e d t o t h e c as t e ll an Tur s S igne t r i ng
’
-
A nd s aid : I c o m e fr o m Tur w h o b ad e m e no t ,
S h ar e b o th in w e al and w o e g u ard w e ll t h e c as tl e
, ,
”
A nd m ay y e o v e rthr o w t h e e ne m y .
Th e c as t e ll an h e ar d thi s and r e c o g ni s e d
Th e s ig ne t ri ng ; th e y o p e d t h e c as tl e g at e s
- -
H e s aw t h e s e e m i ng b u t h e s aw no m o r e
,
.
N 0 o ne b u t H e al o ne w h o pl ac e d t h e h e art
Withi n c an s e e it s s e cr e t s Be o u r p art .
To l ab ou r at t h e d u ty o f t h e day ;
S o b e t h e g o o d and e vi l wh at th e y m ay ,
Mi ne o nly d u t y is t o s ay m y s ay .
Th e c as t e ll an re e nt e r e d with Kar an
-
G av e b o th h is h e ad and c as tl e t o t h e wi nd s .
Bu t p o nd e r w e ll and m ark fr o m fir s t t o l as t
Th e h o ni e d w o rd s o f o ne th at is a s tr ang e r ,
L o o k d e e ply wh at s o e e r t h e m att e r b e
’
A nd h o w a chi e ft ain s hr e wd o f i nt e ll e ct ,
A nd no t c o ns id e ri ng t h e fo e me n s cr aft
’
M ay r e nd e r u p h is fo rtr e s s t o t h e wind s .
S e i z e d o n t h e gat e thr e w in h is tr o o p s an d cr o w ne d
,
By no on t h e c as tl e s fo r m and c as t e ll an s
’ ’
H ad v ani s h e d . Th o u c ou lds t s e e a cl o u d o f s mo k e ,
Fo r h e lp . At s u ns e t h o ld and pl ain w e r e l e v e l ,
’
A pitchy r e e k r o s e o e r a pitchy s h o r e
A nd all t h e s u rfac e o f t h e w as t e ran g o r e .
§ 24
th e fram ans
'
,
TH E S H A H N A M A PI RDA U S I
’
OF
A nd m e n o f n am e a h u ndr e d th ou s and s tr o ng ,
Th e y t e ll m e th at h e is a warlik e di v ’
I h av e no t r e ach e d h im in t h e c o m b at y e t ,
N o r t a e n hi s m e as u r e with t h e w arri o r s m ac e
’ ’
Bu t wh e n h e c o m e th n e xt t o fight with u s
I will e s s ay h im an d will try his w e ight .
A s hr e wd d e vic e in thi s e m e rg e n cy
Th at no ne lik e vil e Kak wi m ay e v e r c o m e
H e nc e fo rth t o fight u s fr o m Gang i Diz hhu k h t - -
Th e n o bl e pri nc e r e pli e d : Be n o t c o n c e r ne d .
Th e ty m b als s ou nd e d and t h e h o rs e m e n s du s t
‘
”
Th e s e m ac e s and th e s e j av e lins h av e t o ngu e s !
S h o u t s r o s e ar o u nd and arr o w s fl e dge d t h e air
L ike v u lt u r e s wi ngs blo o d gr o u t e d h and t o hilt
’
A nd S pu rt e d fr o m t h e m u rk ; th o u w o u ld s t h av e
s aid
1
Zahh ak
’
s ol d c pit l
a a .
TH E S H A H N A M A PI RDA U S I
’
‘
OF
Th e r o y al Tr e e h ath c o m e t o b e ari ng fr u it .
Th e tr e e which th o u h as t pl an t e d b e ar e th n o w ,
A nd thy br e as t s h all r e c e i ve t h e pr o d u c e o f it
I f th o r ns t h e tr e e w as pl an t e d by thy s e lf ;
,
A s th u s h e s p ak e h e u rg e d his s t e e d al o ng
A nd in ano th e r m o m e nt o v e rt o o k
A nd cl av e t h e ki ng asu nd e r fr o m t h e ne ck ,
Th e n b ad e t h e h e ad b e s e t u p o n a s p e ar ,
S al m s tr o o p s w e r e s c att e r e d lik e a fl o ck by s no w
’
A nd w and e r e d ai m l e s s ly in c o m p ani e s
A m id t h e w as t e s t h e c av e rn s and t h e hills
, , .
Th e y b ad e o ne w ary wi s e and e l o qu e nt
, ,
A m o ng u s th e r e are s o m e p o s s e s s e d o f h e rd s ,
W as no t o u r i nt e r es t b u t o u r ki ng s c o mm and ; ’
We c am e as s o ldi e r s no t t o s e e k r e v e ng e
,
.
S o le t him do as s e e m e th g o o d t o h im
Fo r h e is m as t e r o f o u r g u iltl e s s liv e s .
2 29
Th e d ivs b e p u ni s h e d fo r th e ir s i ns Y e all .
O f j u s tic e wr o ng h ath c e as e d t h e l e ad e r s h e ad s
’
, ,
A re s afe fr o m falli ng no w S e e k br o th e rh o o d .
A nd u s e it for a ch ar m pu t o ff fr o m y o u ,
Th e i m pl e m e nt s o f w ar b e wi s e and p u r e ,
N o w in y o u r dw e lli ng s wh e r e s o e e r th e y b e
’
I n Chin Turan o r in t h e l a
, ,
nd o f R um ,
Le t all t h e virt u e s fo r m y o u r p e d e s t al
A nd b e y o u r h o m e s th o s e o f e nlight e ne d m i nd s .
A nd pr o cl am ati o n i s s u e d fr o m h is t e nt
“
Y e p al adi ns wh o s e c ou ns e l pr o s p e r e th !
S h e d no m o r e ne e dl e s s bl o o d t h e tyr ant s fo rt u ne s
’
A re o v e rthr o w n .
Th e n all t h e tr o o p s o f Ch in
F e ll pr o s tr at e br o u ght th e ir ar m s and g e ar o f war
,
A m o u nt ai n o f h o r s e ar m o u r h e l m s and br e as tpl at e s
-
, , ,
O f m ac e s and o f I n di an s ci m it ar s ,
Th e h e r o c all e d a c o u ri e r g av e t o h im ,
Th e h e ad o f S al m t h e m o narch o f t h e W e s t
, ,
OF US I
A nd th e n t h e S hah : Pr ai s e t o t h e c o nq u e ri ng W o rl d
“
l o rd
Fr o m wh o m are virt u e p o w e r and Gr ac e H is
, ,
I s n o w o n Faridun th at wi s e br av e S hah
, , ,
Wh o h ath r e l e as e d u s fr o m t h e b o nd s o f ill ,
A nd h ath t h e wi s d o m and t h e Gr ac e o f G o d .
Wh o b o th w e r e r e e ki ng with Iraj s bl o o d ; ’
Lo I am c o m i ng like t h e wi nd b e hi nd
My l e tte r and will t e ll th e e all th at p as s e d
,
.
H e s e n t S h irw i t h e as piri ng v e t e r an
, ,
”
Th e s p o il u p o n high cr e s t e d e l e ph ant s
-
O f cl ari o ns as c e nd e d fr o m t h e g at e ,
Th e h o s t b e g an t o m arch ou t F ar idun .
,
Th at m an o f w ak e fu l fo rtu ne d e ck e d t h e b ack s ,
W av e d o ve rh e ad Th e h o s t m arch e d t o w ard S ar i
. ,
232 OF
Th o u s aid s t : I am t h e A l mighty t h e j us t J u dg e
‘
, ,
Th e H e lp o f t h e o ppr e s s e d in th e ir di s tr e s s
’
.
R ight h as t Th o u d o ne m e Th o u h as t h o lp e n m e
,
God Th o u h as t gr ant e d m e m y wh o l e d e s ir e ;
N o w t ak e m e t o t h e o th e r w o rld— a b e tt e r
Th an this—b e c au s e I w o u ld no t th at m y s ou l
S h o u ld t arry l o ng e r in thi s narr o w s ph e r e .
Th e b o o ty o n t h e tr o o p s .
H e g av e dir e cti o ns ,
Tw o d ay s e re Mihr fo r M imich ih r t o s it
,
§ 27
The D ea th o f Fa rtdzi n
Th e l e afag e with e r e d o n t h e r o y al tr e e ;
H e q u itt e d cr o wn and thr o ne and with t he h e ad s
O f th o s e thr e e kings b e s id e h im liv e d in t e ar s
A nd in au s t e riti e s : h is pl ai nt w as thi s
“
My d ay s are ch ang e d and d ark e ne d by th e s e thr e e ,
Th u s s l ai n b e fo r e m e m i s e r ably in h atr e d , ,
A nd as m y fo e s w o u ld wi s h S u ch ill s b e fe ll th e m
.
Th o u gh Faridri n is go ne th e r e is h is name
’
O ne wh o fo u n d pr o fit in adv e r s ity .
Th e n M inuc hihr pu t o ff t he r o y al cr o w n ,
H e girt a bl o o d s t ai ne d girdl e r o u nd h is l o i ns
-
A nd r e ar e d a ch ar ne l as t h e S hah s w e r e w o n t
O f r u ddy g o ld and l api s l azu li .
Th e d e ad t o s ay far e w e ll as w as t h e u s e
,
A nd ritu al th e n s h u t t h e ch ar ne l d o o r
,
-
I n s u ch ill c as e th at d e ar o ne l e ft t h e w o rld !
O ne s e nnight M imic h ih r g av e u p t o gri e f ,
H is e y e s w e r e fu ll o f t e ar s h is ch e e k s w e r e p al e
, ,
Th o u fo s t e re s t e ach o ne wi t h thy c ar e s s
-
N o m at t e r if his life b e m o r e o r l e s s ,
Bu t wh e n th o u will e s t t o r e v o k e t h e tr u s t
Wh at re ck e s t th o u o f c o r al o r o f d u s t 7
M an ! wh e n t h e w o rld h ath s napp e d in tw ai n t h e c o rd
O f thi s w o rld fo r th e e b e th o u li e ge o r l o rd
, ,
Bl e s t is t h e m an w h o wh e th e r ki ng o r thr all
, ,
Be qu e at h e t h g o o d as h is m e m o ri al !
'
M I N II C H I H R
HE RE I G N E D O N E H U N D RE D A N D T WE N TY
Y EA RS
A RG U M E N T
ft r d cribi ng t h cc i n f M inu hih t h p t pr c d t
A e es e a ess o o c r, e oe o ee s o
t ll t h t ry f Zal t h n f s am h w b i ng b rn wi th whit
e e s o o ,
e so o ,
o ,
e o e
h ir h w in c n q nc xp d by hi f th r n M nt
a ,
e as o se ue e e ose s a e o ou
A lb r h w h w
u z ,
f nd nd br ght p b y t h S i m rgh h w
o e as ou a ou u e u ,
o
in ft r y r ha e nd h i f th r b c m r c ncil d n d h w h
ea s e a s a e e a e e o e ,
a o e
r oset gr t n o Th p t l t ll f t h l
ea ess f Z al
. nd e oe a so e s o e ove s o a
t h wr th f M im hih th r t hi ltim t c n nt t t h ni n
’
e a o ic r e ea ,
s u a e o se o e u o ,
a nd t h bi r th f R t m with n cc
e nto f wh fir t d n us a ,
a a ou o ose s a ve
t r nd f t h d th f M in i hih t h r ig n c ncl d
u es , a o e ea o l c r, e e o u es .
NO E T
t ry which cc pi t h
The s o f M in u hih in wh
,
n m
o u es e r ig n e o c r, os e a e,
t h Z nde t i p r h p t h m t ch rm in g in t h wh l p m ;
a av as a, s e a s e os a e o e oe
a nd h r fir t t h e t r m f pic hith r t c nfi n d nd cr m p d
e s e s ea o e ,
e o o e a a e ,
b r k t i n t b r d w t r n d c ri
ea s ou ot t h h r ic r
oa a e s, a ar es us o e e o ac e
b t w d n t h gr t h r K
es o e o ap b c m e p r t p r n li
ea e o e re s s a e a e se a a e e so a
ti in l t r ti m
es n d in thi
a e r ig n w h ne s,f hi m t
2
a s e e av e o e o s os
1
M anu s h c hit h ra in t h e Zandavas ta . F o r M anu see pr f t ry n t
e a o o e
to Jams hi d .
2
S ee i nt ro du ct ry n t
o o e t o Farid im
'
.
2 34
P I RD A U S I
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
2 36 OF
s h lt b thy w n b dy with th t f th r th h lt c r b ck
a ru o o ,
a ea e ou s a u se a
thy n mi e If m n h ld
e b n f th t t r n g bird
es . a a o s a o e o a s o ,
or a
f th r f th t t r ng bird n n n m it
ea e o a t rn t flight
s o , o o e ca s e or u o
h lp it bri ng n t him t h h m g f m n it m i n t i n h im in
e s u o e o a e o e ,
a a s
hi gl ry
s o .
”1
With r g rd t t h cc n t f t h m pl ym nt f n th tic
e a o e a ou o e e o e o a ae s e s
o n th cc i n f t h a
e o n bi r th f R
as o t m w fi nd n th r o e s are a o us a ,
e a o e
i n t n c f th i r mpl y m nt by U m d him lf in t h cc n t
s a e o e e o e r uz se e a ou
o f t h C r ti n in t h B nd hi h
e eaWh n A hri m n b r k i nt t h
o e u a s . e a o e o e
cr ti n f U m d nd tt ck d t h Pri m l O w r d th t
ea o o r uz a a a e e e va x ,
e ea a
U m d h d pr i
r uz l y gr nd p h li ng f r it in w t r f it
a e v ou s ou u ea u s a e or ,
G n i th t t h L rd c d d p l p t f ll p n A d m
e es s a e o au s e a ee s ee o a u o a .
Th rli t r f r nc t R t m in lit r t r pp r t b
e ea es e e e e o us a e a u e a ea s o e
work th t p nd r t h n m
a f M f Ch
as s e s n Ag u e e a e o oses o o re e :
“
e
ve r i pl c t ili
o, s n q d m n d ci d l
a e ,
b q li
v a va a ue e eo e a a e c ara o, ua a
P r d R t m S i m m nt q m CXX l ph nt i i ib
e s ae e es o o az co e o ra ,
ue e e a s v r us
f i u sse p i m t d nt su D h j p rit r r b r
e r o re f r ti ra u . e u us a e o o e o
t din m
u c l b r n t q a imilit di n ri l ngi im é b nt
e ea e e a ,
u ae s u e ve o ss a su ,
q m ue ne n q S m ni n q
sa H li n e S i uef b l i t a so ,
e ue e rc u ,
ec az co a u ae s ae
co nf nt C n nt t n i m q dr t
e ru . m x m n ib a p h nd
u e e ua a a eu sa a a us re e e re
p t i
o u sse, d r bit ri m m m gn qfia p r di ll r
a u suu ,
a a ae e ac a v a, ve e e,
u ng ib ii q
u br d r l t in t b l a
s ue q ila m fig a e e, ve u a u ,
a u aru u ras ,
a li q a ue j g n ri ffi ng tqe ng ib
us in ib
e Qe s e e re a ue u u us s cr e re :
o fi ndi
'
e t im p t m in sse f cit q in lt m ct
,
et d c mu e as e ,
u as a u o o au e e
circit r t di pr ct e bi s n q i n n p t it gl b i
a a ove as , u co se u o o u ,
o os s e as
m ill p e p p l it P é h ing n f b l
as s u s t p ti ro u er . r e s a u a, au o ns , fab u larum
fb la u a .
”
4
M lc l m i d n tifi
a t h c tl
o nM n t S ip nd t k n by R
e tm es e as e o ou a a e us a
w ith fm t r ngh l d kn wn n cc nt f it pp r nc
'
a a ou s s o o ,
o o a ou o s a ea a e
t h W hit C tl it t d in t h pr in c f Par b t
“ ”
as e e as e, s ua e e ov e o s, a ou
s e ve -
s x n es o -
es o z , o a a s
alm t p rp ndic l r n
os ry i d I t i f b l ng f rm nd
e e u a o e ve s e . s o o o o ,
a
1 D ZA ,
ii . 24 0 .
2
WPT , i . 1 8 .
3
p
BK , . 2 84 . Cf . N IN , p . 10 .
1
‘
Whi t s o n, M as ts Chor enensi s , 9 6 .
M IN nc H rH R 237
en cl l l p c t t h t p f t h m nt in which i
os es a e ve s a e a e o o e ou a , s
c r d with d lightf l rd r nd w t r d by n m r
ove e e p ri n g u ve u e, a a e e u e ou s s s.
y rd t h mmit i
a s ediffic lt f pp r ch th t t h
su light t s so u o a oa a e s es
it w as in p i n f t h t rib f M m nni n f t h
ossess o o e e o u as e , o e o e
ab rigi n l t rib
o fP r ia Th ir m n f d f nc w r pr b bly
es o e s a. e ea s o e e e e e o a
still t h m in t h d y f R t m li n f l rg t n
e sa e as e a s o oos u : a e o a e s o es
r ng d in r g l r rd r r nd t h dg f t h pr cipic E ch
a e e u a o e a ou e e es o e e e . a
st n i w dg d in by m ll r wh n th t i r m d t h
o e s e e a s a e : e a s e ove ,
e
l rg
a t n
e r th r r ck i h rl d d w n nd w p
s o e, or a ry e o ,
s u e o ,
a s ee s e ve
thi ng b f r it e o e .
”1
Th e y m o u r ne d fo r F ar idun fo r s e v e n d ay s ,
. 12
A n d s e t t h e r o y al c ap u p o n his h e ad ;
H e c o u nt e rch ar m e d t h e s p e ll o f s o rc e r e r s
A nd r e igne d twic e s ixty y e ar s Th e p al adi ns .
Wh e n h e as s u m e d t h e cr o w n h e g av e t h e w o rld
Gl ad ne w s o f j u s tic e F ai t h h u m anity , , ,
I s it e nthr o ne d u p o n t h e circli ng s ph e r e ,
Mine t o b e s t o w g o o d fo r t u ne and t o h ar m .
I wr e ak r e v e ng e by nigh t ; t h e r agi ng fi re
Up B ar z in am I and l o rd o f s ci m it ar
o n 2
,
B e c o m e a b o u nt e o u s o c e an wh e n I fe as t ,
Bu t wh e n I m o u nt my s t e e d my br e ath is fi re .
1
M HP i 9 and n t
, . 1 Th nam
, f Fir t mpl
o e .
2
e e o a e -
e e.
TH E S H A H N A M A PI RDA U S I
'
2 38 OF
I wi e ld t h e m ac e I ill u s tr at e t h e cr o w n
,
Le t all o u r c o nv e r s ati on b e o f G o d ,
O f wh o m w e h o ld t h e cr o w n t h e thr o ne and h o s t
, ,
We giv e H im pr ai s e and H e is o u r d e fe nc e .
O u r gr and s ir e : h e w as o ld b u t w e are y o u ng
,
.
Wh o e v e r in t h e s e v e n cli m e s o f e arth
D e p art e th fr o m t h e Way ab ando ne t h
,
O r c au s e th s o rr o w t o t h e s u ffe ri ng ,
All e v il d o e r s th at h o ld no t t h e F aith
-
A nd in o u r v e ng e an c e d e s o l at e th e ir r e al m .
Th e cr o w n and archi m ag e s Gr ac e
’
O u r h e art s
.
O b e y thy w o rd o u r s ou l s are pl e dg e d t o th e e
, .
Th e r e at r o s e S am t h e chi e f o f p al adins
, ,
A nd s e e t h e e j u s t : my p art is t o appl au d .
PI R DA U S I
’
TH E S H A H N A M A OF
A B e au ty r o s y ch e e k e d with m u s ky h air
-
, , ,
Wh e n m any d ay s h ad p as s e d t h e b ab e w as b o r n
A B e au ty lik e t h e w o rld illu m i ng s u n -
A nd lik e it t o o in l o v e li ne s s o f fac e ;
Bu t all his h air w as whit e and s i n c e tw as s o
’
Th e y k e pt t h e thi ng fr o m S am fo r o ne wh o l e w e e k
Th e w o m e n o f th at fam o u s p al adi n
W e pt in t h e pr e s e n c e o f t h e littl e child ,
Bu t no t o n e d ar e d t o t e ll t h e h e r o S am
Th at h is fair s p ou s e h ad b o rne a h o ary b ab e .
A no n t h e i nfant s n u r s e w ith li o n s c o u r ag e
’
,
’
C am e u nab as he d b e fo r e t h e p al adi n ,
A s o ne w h o br o u ght g o o d ne w s bl e s s e d h im and ,
s aid :
M ay S am t h e h e r o s d ay s b e fo rt u nat e
’
A nd m ay h is fo e m e n s h e art s b e r o o t e d o u t !
’
G o d h ath b e s t o w e d o n th e e wh at th o u did s t as k
Th e v e ry gift wh e r e o n thy s o u l w as s e t
B e hi nd thy cu rt ain s e e k e r aft e r gl o ry !
,
S o h e av e n will e d O s e e k e r aft e r gl o ry !
,
Th e h o r s e m an s am d e s c e nd e d fr o m h is thr o ne ;
H e w e n t b e hi nd t h e c u rt ai n t o Y o u ng S pri ng
“ ”
,
S am at th at s ight d e s p air e d Gr e at w as h is fe ar
.
O f c o m i ng s h am e ; h e l e ft t h e p ath o f wi s d o m
Fo r c o u r s e s o f h is o w n l o o k e d u p t o h e av e n
,
O r yi e ld e d t o t h e faith o f A hri m an ,
Oh ! m ay t h e Al m ighty h e ark e n t o m y pr ay e r
A nd in H is s e cr e t c ou ns e ls p ard o n m e .
My tr o u bl e d m ind is writhing fo r s h e e r s h am e ,
Th e h o t bl o o d is a ti ngl e in m y v e i ns
-
Wh e n any no bl e s c o m e t o s p e ak with m e ,
A nd s e t th e ir e y e s o n thi s ill o m e ne d c u b
-
A fay o r l e o p ar d with it s s p o t s ? Th e gr e at
Will l au gh at m e in p u bli c and in priv at e
Till s h am e s h all m ak e m e c u rs e and qu it Iran .
Th e r e w as a c e rt ai n m o u nt ai n nam e d Alb u r z ,
Wh e r e t h e S imu rgh h ad ne s t e d fo r t h e pl ac e ,
Up o n t h e m ou nt ain and r e tu r ne d Ti m e p as s e d .
,
Was o u tc as t fr o m h is fath e r s l o ve ; b u t H e
’
Wh o fo s t e re t h all t o o k u p t h e c as t aw ay
, .
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
O F F I RDA U S I
O nc e wh e n t h e li o ne s s h e r c u b h ad fe d ,
, ,
I s h o u ld no t l o o k fo r th ank s I liv e in th e e ;
.
My h e ar t w o u ld br e ak if th o u s h o u ld s t br e ak with m e .
N o w wh e n t h e y o u ng S imu rgh s gr e w r av e no u s
Th e m o th e r s o arin g o e r h e r n e s t b e h e ld
’
, ,
Th e d ark dr e ar s o il ab o u t h im and ab o v e
Th e no o nd ay s u n Wo u ld th at h e h ad h ad p ard s
.
Fo r dam and s ir e h e h ad at l e as t b e e n s h ad e d
,
Th e L o rd g av e l o vi ng i ns ti nct s t o th at fo wl ,
Bu t s w o o p e d d o wn fr o m t h e cl o u d s and wi t h h e r
t al o ns
T o o k u p t h e i nfant fr o m t h e h e at e d r o ck s ,
Th e n b ar e h im qu ickly o ff t o M o u n t Alb u r z ,
Wh e r e w e r e h e r ne s t and y o u ng for th e m t o t e ar ,
All g o o d h ad r u th o n h im h is lo t w as o th e r ;
, ,
Fo r wh e n t h e fo wl and all h e r br o o d b e h e ld
Th at i nfant w h o w as w e e pi ng t e ars o f bl o o d
, ,
L o ng w as h e l o s t t o s ight b u t wh e n h e c ame
To m an s e s t at e a c ar av an p as s e d by
’
A nd s aw on e lik e a no bl e cypr e s s tr e e -
H is br e as t a s ilve r m ou nt h is w ai s t a r e e d
, ,
TH E S H A H N A M A PI R DA
’
OF us r
I ncline t o H im —t h e Au th o r o f all go o d ,
”
The G u id e .
xt day and in s o r e di s tr e s s
So ne
Ab o v e t h e I ndi an m o u nt ai ns and a yo u th ,
O f b e au t e o u s vi s ag e with a m ighty h o s t ,
A s ag e o f no bl e as p e ct O f th e s e tw ai n .
Thy s o n w h o is t h e fo s t e rling o f Go d
,
Th e kindli e s t N u r s e fo r h im A s fo r thy s e lf .
,
”
L o v e is no t in th e e .
S am r o ar e d o u t in s l e e p
A s wh e n a m ighty li o n is e ns n ar e d ;
H e fe ar e d th at dr e am p o rt e nd e d ch as tis e m e nt
Fr o m d e s ti ny Ar o u s e d h e c all e d t o him
.
,
H e c am e in h as t e t o w ard t h e mo u nt ain p e ak -
To s e e k his c as t aw ay and th e r e b e h e ld
,
U p o n t h e t o p w as b u ilt a l o fty ne s t ,
Wh e r e S at u rn s infl u e nc e c ou ld no t i nj u re it ;
’
UCH I H R
'
M IN 24 3
S am g az e d in w o nd e r o n th at s t o ny p e ak ,
A y ou th s t o o d th e r e —t h e c o u nt e rp art o f sam
,
Th anks t o t h e M ake r in th at H e h ad m ad e
,
S u ch bird u p o n t h e m o u nt ai n and h ad r ai s e d ,
I t s s t o ny s u m m it t o t h e Pl e i ad e s ,
O Th o u ab o v e all pl ac e o e r s u n and m o on
’
A nd s hi ni ng r ai nb o w ! I pr o s tr ate m y s e lf
B e fo r e The e p ou ring o u t my s o u l in aw e
, .
I f thi s y o u th s pri ng e th fr o m m y l o i ns i nd e e d ,
N o t fr o m t h e s e e d o f e vil A hri m an ,
Thu s pr ay e d h e t o t h e J u s t i h is pr ay e r w as gr ant e d .
C am e no t fo r l o ve o f h e r b u t fo r t h e y o u th ,
To wh o m s h e s aid : Th o u wh o h as t s e e n t h e u ne as e
“
Th at fo s t e r e d th e e t h e s ou rc e o f all thy w e al
, ,
A nd g av e t o th e e t he nam e D as ta n 1 Z and 1 -
Th e h e r o p al adi n o f p al adins
, ,
A n d m os t e x alt e d o f t h e m ighty m e n .
H e h ath c o m e hi t h e r s e archi ng fo r h is s o n ,
N o w mu s t I t ak e th e e u p and b e ar th e e b ack
Uns c athe d t o h im .
”
H e li s t e ne d whil e s h e s p ak e ,
Th ou gh h e h ad s e e n no m an s till h e h ad l e ar ne d
,
O f h e r t o s p e ak in acc e nt s like h e r o w n ,
A nd l o o k e d t o G o d fo r s u cc ou r N o w o b s e rv e .
H is ans w e r t o t h e fo wl : H as t th o u in tr u th
B e c o m e aw e ary o f m y c o m p any
Thy ne s t is u nt o m e a s hining thr o ne ,
Thy pi ni o ns are my gl o ri o u s di ad e m ,
A nd n e xt t o G o d I o w e m y th ank s t o th e e ,
Th e bird r e pli e d : I f o n c e th o u d o s t b e h o ld
“
M ak e b u t o ne tri al o f t h e w ay s o f fat e .
I do no t s e nd th e e h e nc e in e nm ity ;
I p as s th e e t o a ki ng s hip I w o u ld fai n
.
H av e k e pt th e e h e r e with m e b u t fo r thys e lf
,
To go is b e tt e r B e ar thi s pl u m e o f m ine
.
Fo r I h av e ch e ri s h e d th e e b e ne ath my pl u m e s
A nd br o u ght th e e u p am o ng m y littl e o ne s .
'
A
’
TH E sH A H N M A O F PI R DA U S I
H e cl o th e d t h e y o u ng m an lik e a p al adi n
A n d t u r n e d t o l e av e t h e m o u n t ai n h avi ng r e ach e d
Th e pl ain h e ch o s e a ch arg e r fo r his s o n ,
A s w e ll as r o y al r obe s fo r h im t o w e ar
—
,
A nd g av e t o h im t h e n am e o f z al i Z ar l -
Th o u g h t h e S im u rgh c all e d h im at fir s t D as ta n .
A n d d u s t r o s e lik e a m o u n t o f i ndigo .
Th e r e w as a s o u nd o f dr u m s and cl ari o ns ,
Th e h o r s e m e n s h o u t e d Th u s th e y j o u r ne ye d h o m e
.
§4
H o w M inaehihr t oo k K nowledge o f the Cas e f
o
S am and Z al
Wh o j o ye d e xc e e di ngly : t h e M ak e r s nam e ’
Was o ft e n o n h is lip s H e h ad t w o s o ns
.
,
B o th w e ll b e l o v e d o ne hight N au d ar t h e o th e r
, ,
G o wi t h d e s p atch t o S am and l o o k u p o n
H is child th at h ath b e e n nu rt u r e d in a ne s t ,
Up o n t h e j o y t h at h ath r e v e al e d it s e lf :
1
th ld in ll i n t h i w hit h i r
e o ,
a us o o s e a .
M IN UCH IH R 24 9
A nd bid h im c o m e in p e r s o n t o t h e S hah
To t e ll h is t al e and aft e rw ard s d e p art
,
H o m e lik e a l o yal li e ge .
N o w wh e n N au dar
R e ach e d s am t h e s o n o f N ar im an h e s aw
Th e n e w y o u ng p al adi n Th e n S am t h e h o r s e man
.
Th e m e s s ag e o f t h e gr e at king ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd , ,
A nd h as t e d as c o mm and e d t o t h e c o u rt .
Wh e n h e dr e w ne ar t h e S hah w e nt o u t t o m e e t h im .
S am s aw t h e fl ag o f M inuc h ih r di s m o u nt e d ,
“
Fo r e v e r liv e gl ad and o f ard e nt s o u l !
Bu t M imi ch ih r b ad e th at tr u e h e art e d m an
’
-
Th at w o r s hipp e r o f G o d t o m o u nt agai n , .
Th e y w e nt t o w ard t h e p al ac e M inrich ih r
S at d o wn with gr e at r ej o ici ng o n t h e thr o ne ,
A nd pl ac e d t h e r o y al cr o wn u p o n h is h e ad .
O n this s id e s at Kar an o n th at s id e S am , ,
B o th gl ad and w e ll c o nt e nt Th e ch am b e rl ai n .
“
O f life and l o v e H e s aid t o S am
. S afe g u ard
h im
Fo r m y s ak e ne v e r giv e h im ne e dl e s s
,
p ai n ,
Bu t fi nd thy h appi ne s s in h im al o ne ,
Fo r h e h ath r oy al Gr ac e and li o n s cl aw s ’
Th e wi s e m an s h e art t h e pr u d e nc e o f t h e o ld
’
.
,
T e ach h im o u r c u s t o m s b o t h in w ar and fe as t ;
Bird ne s t and h e ight h e k no w e th ; c an he k no w
, ,
TH E S H A H N A M A OF
Th e n S am t o ld all t h e s t o ry t o th e S hah
Ab o u t t h e l o fty m ou nt ain and S imu rgh ,
A nd h o w t h e pr e ci o u s o ne w as l o dg e d and nu rt u r e d
Wi t hin t h e ne s t till h e c o u ld fe e d hi m s e lf ;
T o ld wh e r e fo r e h e h ad c as t t h e child aw ay ,
A nd s aid th u s : “
H e av e n r e v o lve d ab o v e m y h e ad
For m any y e ar s ; t h e w o rld at l e ngth w as fill e d
With s tr ang e r e p o rt s o f z al and t h e S im u rgh .
Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : I t is a d o m e o f flin t
Up o n a s e a ! Th e ne s t lik e s o m e t all p al ac e
’
Was th e r e w e ll fe nc e d fro m h ar m o n e v e ry s id e
, ,
H is br e ath e xh al e d t h e v e ry s c e n t o f l ev e ,
A nd e v e ry th o u ght o f h im r ej oi c e d m y h e art .
Oft ran I r ou nd t h e M ou nt b u t p at h w as no ne
A y e ar ning fo r m y l o s t s o n c am e t o m e ;
My h e art b u r ne d s o th at life w as w e ll nigh go ne -
.
I pr ay e d in s e cr e t t o t h e h o ly J u dg e
R e s o u rc e o f m e n wi t h o u t a w an t Thys e lf !
,
Thy wit ne s s d o th e xt e nd t o e ve ry pl ac e ,
A nd h e av e n t u r ne th o nly at Thy w o rd .
A s l ave am I wh o s e h e art is fu ll o f s in
,
B e fo r e t h e M as t e r o f t h e s u n and m o o n ;
My h o p e is in Thy m e rcy— th at al o ne :
I h av e no o th e r gr o u nd o f c o nfid e nc e .
Thi s s l av e o f Thi ne —t h e fo s t e r e d o f t h e fo wl
Br o u ght u p in m i s e ry and wr e tch e d ne s s ,
Wh o b at h b u t s ki ns t o w e ar i ns t e ad o f s ilk
A nd s u ck e t h raw fl e s h n o t h is m o th e r s br e as t
’
R e s t o r e t o m e ! Dis cl os e fo r m e a w ay
To h im and cu t thi s pr e s e nt tr ou bl e s h o rt .
PI R DA U S I
’
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
’
2 52 OF
O f c arp e t s al s o an ab u nd ant s t o r e ,
O f R u m an s lav e b o y s in br o c ad e o f Ram
With j e w e ll e d p att e rns o n a go ld e n gr o u nd ,
O f o th e r s o f p u r e s ilve r and re d g o ld
C o nt aini ng s affr o n m u s k and c am ph o r : th e s e
, ,
, , , ,
A r u by S ig ne t ri ng and g o ld e n girdl e
-
Ano n t h e m o narch h ad a p at e n t dr aw n
Lik e P ar adis e —all pr ai s e —inv es ti ng s am
,
All fr o m t h e I nd u s t o t h e s e a o f Chin ,
A nd fr o m Zzi b u l u p t o t h e s tr e am o f B u s t ,
Dr aw n s trictly in acc o rd t o pr e c e d e nt .
Th e y o rd e r e d o u t t h e ho r s e s fo r th at chi e f
O f p al adi ns w h o ri s i ng s p ak e and s aid
,
“
O ch o s e n l o rd o f j u s tic e and o f right !
Kno w th at b e tw e e n t h e M o o n and Fi s h no S hah
Like th e e e e r w o r e t h e cr o w n ; thy g o o d ne s s pr u d e nc e
’
, ,
Be ne fi c e nc e and r e d e r ej o ic e t h e age
,
.
M ay m e n r e m e m b e r no o ne s n am e b u t thi ne
’
.
Th e y b o u nd
The k e ttl e dr u m s u p o n t h e e l e ph ant s
A nd s t art e d fo r z ab u lis t an Th e t o w ns .
A nd vill ag e s t u rne d o u t t o g az e Wh e n S am .
Th e l u s tr e o f t h e w o rld —h ad c o m e with pr e s e nt s ,
M I N rIc H I H R
A nd as th e y bl e s s e d h im s h o w e r e d g e m s o e r Zit l
’
.
A r o b e o f h ono u r s u it e d t o h is s t ati o n
A s b e i ng e m i ne nt in r ank o r l o r e ,
§ 6
“
Ye h o ly archi m ag e s wi s e o f h e art
,
O u r m o narch in his wi s d o m o rd e r e th
Th at I s h o u ld m arch u p o n M a z and ara n
Ag i t t e Ka g s ars
a n s h r a 1
I t ak e with m e
A m ighty h o s t ; my s o n—m i ne o w n h e art s bl o o d
.
G o d g av e t o m e a s o n : I c as t him o u t
I n ig no r anc e no t w o ttin g o f his w o rth
, .
H im t h e S im u rgh th at no bl e bird b ar e o ff
, ,
H im t o o t h e M ak e r p as s e d no t by m s c o r n .
1
Th e name of a wild trib e, t h e V u lt u re h e ads
o
.
PI RDA U S I
' ’
54 TH E S H A H N A M A OF
Wh at I d e s pi s e d was pr e ci o u s t o t h e fo wl ,
A nd wh e n t h e ti m e for p ard o n c am e t h e L o rd
Of all t h e w o rld —G o d—g av e h im b ack t o m e .
A s m i ne o w n s e lf c o mm itt e d t o y ou r ch arg e ;
I l e av e t o y o u t o t e ach him wh at is g o o d
A nd ki ndl e e v e ry virtu e in h is br e as t .
Fo r as t h e S hah c o mm and e th I d e p ar t
With o th e r chi e fs ag ai ns t o u r e ne m i e s .
H e t u r ne d t o z al and s aid : Be p e ac e fu l j u s t
“
, ,
A nd lib e r al h o ld z ab ulis t an as h o m e
,
Be thi ne t o m ak e t h e h o m e m o r e b e au tifu l
A nd fri e nd s m o r e h appy Of m y tr e as u r e h o ard s
.
-
I l e av e t h e k e y with th e e thy g ai n is w e al
, ,
DO wh at s o e e r thy bright s o u l h o ld e th go o d
’
.
z al ans w e r e d : “
C an I liv e o n h e r e I f o ne
Was e v e r b o r n de fe ctive it w as I ,
A nd I h av e c au s e t o w ail Pu t m e no t fu rth e r
.
Th an e v e r fr o m th e e no w th at p e ac e h ath c o m e .
S u ck e d bl o o d and far e d in d u s t dw e lt in a ne s t
,
A nd h ad a fo wl fo r fri e nd I w as e s t e e m e d
,
A fo wl my s e lf ; b u t s h e th at fo s t e r e d m e
I s far aw ay S u ch is fat e s fo s t e ri ng !
’
.
I h av e no p o rti o n o f t h e r o s e b u t th o rns
A nd m u s t s u b m it .
s am ans w e r e d : Be at e as e “
.
Th e as tr o l o ge r s d e cl ar e a gr aci o u s p u rp o s e
C o nc e r ning th e e — th at h e r e s h all b e thy h o me
TH E S H A H N A M A OF P IRDA U S i
O ne day z si fo rth o n a r o y al pr o gr e s s
s et
At e ve ry s t age h e s e t h im u p a thr o ne
A nd c all e d fo r wi ne and h arp and m ins tr e l s y .
H e l avi s h e d tr e as u r e and i nd u lg e d in pl e as u r e ,
A w e althy and s u cc e s s fu l p o t e nt at e ,
,
’
With ch e e k s lik e s pringtid e and with ph e as ant s
H e h ad a s ag e s h e art a ru l e r s br ain
’ ’
, ,
D e s c e nd e d fr o m Z ahh ak h e r u l e d Kabu l , ,
Bu t h avi ng no t t h e p o w e r t o fight wi t h S am
P aid ye arly tribu t e H e ari ng th at s a m s s o n
.
’
H ad c o m e h e l e ft Kab u l at d aw n with tr e as u r e
, ,
, ,
M u s k r u bi e s s pic e ry br o c ad e o f g o ld
, , , ,
S ilk s b e av e r s ki ns a r o y al j e w e ll e d cr o w n
,
-
z al w e nt t o m e e t and gr e e t h im c ou rt e o u s ly
With e v e ry h o nou r du e I n m e rry m o o d .
Mihrab o b s e rve d t h e s o n o f s am o n wh o m ,
H e j oy e d t o g az e and wh o m h e l o ng e d t o s e rv e
,
.
”
H is m o th e r is i mm o rt al 1
Wh e n Mihrab
R o s e fr o m t h e b o ard Z eil m ark e d his m i e n and limb s
, ,
F all o e r h e r s ilve r n ne ck t h e e nd s o f th e m
’
, ,
H e r s ilv e r n br e as t s b e ar t w o p o m e gr anat e gr ai ns -
Whipp e d with t h e p u r e s t m u s k If th o u w o u ld s t s e e k .
A m o o n th e r e is h e r fac e ; if th o u w o u ld s t s c e nt
,
Th e m u s k th e r e is h e r h air
,
Fr o m h e ad t o fo o t .
S h e 1 s as P ar adi s e — all m u s ic ch ar m , ,
”
A nd b e au ty .
Thi s r ai s e d t u mu lt in t h e h e art
Of zal and r e s t and r e as on fl e d fr o m h im ;
,
I s lik e t h e s u n and m o o n fo r s i nc e t h e s ir e ,
C onc e r ne d fo r h e r wh o m h e h ad ne v e r s e e n ,
Bu t wh e n t h e s u n s r ays s tr u ck t h e m o u nt ai n t o p s
’
-
R
TH E S H A H N A M A O F PI R DA U S I
' ’
2 58
A s th e s e gr e at m e n w e r e c alli ng fo r th e ir s t e e d s ,
Th e t e nt o f z sl t h e r u l e r o f zab u l
, .
Wh e n h e arriv e d t h e w o rd w as : Cl e ar t h e w ay .
Fr e s h in his b e au ty as a l ad e n fr u it tr e e -
H e c am e t o zal w h o w e lc o m e d h im with j o y
, ,
G av e h im t h e chi e fe s t r o o m an d s aid : R e qu e s t
Wh at e e r th ou wilt thr o ne S ig ne t s w o rd o r cr o w n
’
-
, ,
.
Wh os e w o rd is law Bu t o ne d e s ir e h av e I ,
A n d th at an e as y o ne fo r th e e t o gr an t
Th at th o u b e pl e as e d t o vi s it m e and m ak e
”
My s ou l bright as t h e s u n .
Z al s aid : N ot so
Thy p al ac e is no t o ne th at I m ay v i s it ,
Fo r S am w o u ld n o t appr o v e n o r w o u ld t h e S hah
, ,
Th e n s t r o d e fo rth bl e s s i ng m u ch t h e s o n o f S am ,
Wh o as h e w e nt pr ai s e d him as h e d e s e rv e d .
V . 1 52 N o w no o ne hith e rt o h ad n o tic e d h im ,
B e g an t o pr ai s e h im t o o h is m i e n his s tat u r e
, , ,
H is wi s d o m fle d afar and l o v e w as l o rd .
TH E S H A H N A M A
' ’
O F PI RDA U S I
O f all t h e Warri o r -
p al adins o f e arth
N o t o ne c an tr e ad h is s t e p s th e r e is no p o rtr ait
I ns id e o u r h all s with s u ch a bridl e h and -
Wh e n h e is o n t h e thr o ne h e s c atte r e th go ld ,
Wh e n h e is in t h e fr ay h e s c att e r e th h e ad s .
H is ch e e k is r u ddy as t h e c e rci s bl o o m -
S hr e wd y o u ng in y e ars and fo rt u ne t o o 1 s h e
, ,
H e l ay e th in t h e fight t h e d u s t with bl o o d
A nd b randis h e t h h is f alchi o n o f bl u e s t e e l -
.
A nd th ou w o u ld s t s ay : H e fas c in at e t h h e art s
‘
.
Re d as o m e
p gr a n at e bl o s s o m s whil e h e r h e art
,
B e c am e fu lfill e d with fi re fo r l o ve o f z al
S h e c o u ld no t e at o r r e s t in p e ac e ; a ch ang e
C am e in h e r di s p o s iti o n and d e m e ano u r ,
Fo r p as s i o n h ad u s u rp e d t h e pl ac e o f wi s d o m .
H o w g o o dly w e r e t h e t e ach e r s w o rd s : D e ny
’ “
I f th o u s u gge s t e s t s h e w ill fi nd t h e r o ad .
To th e m s h e s aid : I h av e a s e cr e t fo r y o u
“
,
Att e nd u p o n m e and di s p e l m y c ar e s ;
,
M IN 2 61
I c anno t t e ar m y th o u ght s fr o m h im H is l o v e .
'
N o ne k no w e th o f my s e cr e t b u t y o u r s e lve s ,
”
Fo r y e are g o o d and l o v e m e .
Th e n t h e s l ave s
Th o u ght in am az e : Th e pri nc e s s d o th ami s s !
R os e at h e r lik e s o m any A hri m ans
A nd s aid : “
O cr o w n o f l adi e s in t h e w o rld !
O d au ght e r e m i ne n t am o ng t h e m ighty ,
A s hi ning s igne t in t h e w o m e n s b o w e r ! ’
N o cypr e s s in t h e g ar de n e qu alle t h
Thy h e ight ; thy ch e e k s o u t s hi ne t h e Pl e i ad e s .
To M ai and t o t h e m o narch o f t h e W e s t
, .
B e fo r e a bl as t o f air S he s hri e k e d at th e m
.
,
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
O F PI R DA U S I
Ye s triv e in v ai n : it b o o t e t h n o t t o h e ar .
I f t o s o m e s t ar I l o s t m y h e art c o u ld I ,
Alth ou gh t h e r o s e is b e tt e r th an t h e cl ay .
If vi ne g ar will c u r e a b o dy s liv e r
’
Th e n h o ne y will b u t m ak e t h e ang u i s h w o r s e .
, ,
Fo r wh e th e r p e o pl e c all h im o ld o r y o u ng
To m e h e giv e th p e ac e o f s o u l and m i nd .
T alk no t o f o th e r m e n b e h is m y h e art
, ,
Bit as it is by l o v e o f o ne wh o m I
H av e n e ve r s e e n ! I t ch oo s e th by r e p o rt .
Th e s l av e s o n h e ari ng h e r di s tr ac t e d v o ic e
, ,
A nd h avi ng l e ar ne d h e r s e cr e t cri e d : ,
Thy s l av e s
A re w e and s e rv e th e e with de v o t e d h e ar t s .
O n e s aid : “
O Cypr e s s s t e m ! le t n o ne e l s e k no w
-
.
S h o u ld th e r e b e n e e d t o s t u dy gramm ary e ,
’
Th e n will w e fly lik e an e nch an t e r s bird ,
S o w e m ay bri ng thi s ki ng t o th e e o u r M o o n ,
”
A nd lay h im at thy fe e t .
B udab a s m il e d ,
Ab o u t t h e p al adi n This li o n li m b e d -
A nd e l e ph anti ne b o di e d w arri o r
-
Wh o is h e ? O f wh at p e o pl e is h e kin g ?
Wh at fo e c o u ld c o u nt e r h im 7 We ne v e r s aw
A fi ne r c av ali e r o r b e tt e r s h o t .
S p e ak no t s o o f t h e ki ng Th e s o n o f S am .
I s m o narch o f N im rri z an d o th e r ki ng s
’
C all h im D as ta n Th e s k y re v olv e t h no t
‘
.
’
H is pe e r.
Th e d am s e l s l au gh e d and ans w e r e d th u s
Th e m o o n fac e d b o y :
-
S ay no t s u ch thi ng s b e c au s e
“
Wh o is a wh o l e h e ad t all e r th an thy ki ng ,
A t e ak in s t at u r e ivo ry in h u e
, ,
H e r e y e s ar e p e ns i v e and h e r e y e br o ws arch e d ;
Th e ir c o l u m n is a s ilv e r n r e e d H e r m o u th .
I s narr o w as t h e h e art o f o ne fo rl o r n ,
A m atchl e s s M o o n is s h e We fr o m Kab u l
Appr o ach t h e m o narch o f zab u l in s t at e ,
A nd t is o u r p o licy t o i ntr o d u c e
’
Which is b u t w e ll and s e e m ly fo r s h e is ,
”
O f e q u al r ank .
O n h e aring thi s t h e s l av e b oy -
M I N II OHI H R
’
Flu s h e d ru by lik e Th e S u n s h ou ld w e d t h e M o o n
-
.
,
Th e h e arts o f all c o nc e r ne d fi nd r o o m fo r l o v e ,
A nd wh e n t h e w o rld w o u ld c au s e a s e v e r anc e
I t p art e th m at e fr o m m at e with o u t a w o rd .
L o ve s b ond is hidd e n b u t it s r u pt u r e s e e n
’
E nj o y e t h p e ac e at h o m e and s i nc e h e h ath ,
Th o u m ake s t o f t h e s ir e a s e xl e s s thing .
’
N o w wh e n t h e l au ghi ng s l av e b o y h ad r e t u r n e d -
zal as k e d : Wh at w as it th at t h e y s aid t o th e e
“
To m ak e th e e l au gh and s h o w t h y s ilv e r n t e e th ?
H e t o ld t h e p al adi n wh o s e h e art gr e w y o u ng
,
With j o y H e b ad e t h e m o o n fac e d y o u th : R e t u rn
.
-
“
A nd say th u s t o y o n d am s e l s : S t ay awhil e
‘
Am o ng t h e r o s e s ; y e p e rch anc e m ay t ak e
S o m e g e m s as w e ll as bl o s s om s fr o m t h e g ard e n ,
S o go no t till y e h e ar fr o m m e
’
.
H e to o k
G old j e w e lry and dr ac hm s with fi v e rich pi e c e s
, , ,
O f go ld br o c ad e and b ad e h is s l av e s C o nv e y th e m
”
To yo nd e r girl s t e ll no ne and b e no t s e e n
,
.
Th e y t o o k t h e tr e as u r e s with an ard e nt m e s s ag e
A nd g av e th e m t o t h e dam s e l s in z al s nam e
’
.
“
A m att e r ne ve r c an b e ke pt c o nc e al e d
Unl e s s it b e c onfi ne d t o o nly t w o ;
Thr e e are no c as k e t fo u r are all t h e w o rld,
.
S o s ay t o him s hr e wd tr u s t y b o y : I f th ou
, ,
’
H as t s e cr e t thi ng s t o s ay t e ll u s in p e rs on .
Th e Li on h ath b e e n t ak e n in t h e t o il s .
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
O F FI R DA 0 5 1
‘
gifts
A nd act e d fo r h im w e nt and t o ld h is chi e f
,
I n s e cr e t wh at th o s e ch ar m i ng d am s e l s s aid .
z sl w e n t . Th o s e r o s y I d o l s o f T ara z
Dr e w ne ar and did o b e i s anc e H e i nqu ir e d .
Ab ou t th at Cypr e s s s t e m h e r m i e n and l o o k s
-
, ,
H e r s p e e ch h e r wi s d o m and h e r r e d e t o s e e
, , ,
I f s h e w e r e w o rthy o f h im S p e ak h e s aid .
, ,
I f y e s p e ak tr u th it will advant ag e y o u ,
Bu t if I thi nk th at y e i m p o s e u p o n m e
A n e l e ph ant s h all tr am pl e y o u t o d e ath .
A nd o ne o f th e m — t h e y o u ng e s t o f t h e tr o o p ,
S p ak e t hu s t o z al : A m o ng t h e m ighty no ne
“
H at h e e r b e e n b o r n o f w o m an in thi s w o rld
’
Wh o c o u ld c o m p ar e with S am in l o o k s and s t at u r e ,
I n p u rity in c o u r ag e s e ns e and k no wl e dg e ;
, , ,
O r with R adab a in h e r l o v e li ne s s ,
C o m p act fr o m h e ad t o fo o t o f r o s e and j as m i ne ,
Whil e o v e r it C ano p u s o f Y am an
I s s hi ni ng O ne w o u ld s ay
. H e r fac e dis t ille t h
Wine and h e r l o ck s are s c e nt s I ns idi ou s l as s o s
,
’
.
F all fr o m h e r h e ad th at c u p o l a o f s ilv e r
, ,
O e r ch e e k s o f r o s e s t o t h e v e ry gr o u nd
’
.
A nd m u s k h e r p e r s o n all a—
-
, s hi ne with j e w e l s .
TH E S H A H N A M A PI R DA U S I
’
OF
Tis s pri ng
’
We g ath e r r o s e s in t h e g ard e n
.
,
H e nc e aft e r r o s es o u t o f l o v e fo r h e r ;
Th e n wh e r e fo r e s p e ak t o u s in s u ch a t o ne
Fo r pl u cki ng th e m
Bu t thi s is no t t h e ti m e ,
H e s aid ,
fo r pr ank s lik e th e s e fo r b e ar in m ind
“
Do y e no t s e e Mihrab at e arly d aw n
G o fr o m h is p al ac e g ate and m o u nt his s t e e d
-
N o w h e and z al h av e c o m e t o b e s u ch fri e nd s ,
A nd if h e s aw y o u c arryi ng y o u r r os e s
W o u ld h ave y o u d o w n u p on t h e gro u nd fo rth with .
Q u it no t t h e H ar am m o r e and w o u ld t o G o d
,
Th at no thing gr e at o r s m all m ay c o m e o f t hi s .
Th e y w e nt wi t hi n and t o ld t h e M o o n in priv at e
We n e e r s aw S u n like thi s with r u ddy ch e e ks
’
”
A nd h air all whit e .
Radab a s h e art i nfl am e d
’
Whil e s he m i nu t e ly qu e s ti o ne d th e m : H o w fou nd
”
Th e s o n o f S am ? D o th h e d e s e rv e h is fam e ?
Th e fi v e e n c o u r ag e d ch att e r e d o n an d s aid
, ,
z si is t h e fi ne s t h o r s e man with s u ch m i e n
,
A nd Gr ac e —a l o fty cypr e s s o f a m an .
H o w s li m a w ai s t and wh at an o p e n ch e s t !
H is e y e s are twi n n arci s s i w at e r bl u e -
,
M IN UOH I H R 2 69
S u ch as t o m ak e o ne cry : Be e v e r th u s ‘
N 0 ch ang e c an m ak e th e e d e ar e r th an th ou art .
’
We t o ld h im h e s h o u ld s e e th e e ; h e w as h o p e fu l
Wh e n w e d e p art e d N o w d e vis e a s ch e m e
.
To e nt e rt ai n h im T e ll u s wh at t o t e ll him
. .
S h e ans w e r e d : O nc e y e t o ld a di ffe r e n t t al e !
“
Thi s z si wh o w as t h e nu r s li ng o f a bird
, ,
S h e s p ak e with s m il e s and bl u s h e s o n h e r ch e e k s ,
A s t we r e p o m e gr anate bl o o m s th e n b ad e o ne d am s e l :
’
-
“
Be o ff with y o u at d awn T ak e h im g o o d ne w s
.
,
H e ar wh at h e h ath t o s ay and s ay t o h im
‘
Thy wi s h is gr ant e d b e in r e adine s s
C o m e and b e h o ld thy M o o n in all h e r ch ar m s .
Th e w aiting m aid d e p ar t e d g av e t h e m e s s ag e
-
, ,
A nd c am e b ack t o t h e Cypr e s s o f T ar az .
”
“
D e vi s e s o m e m e ans t o c o m p as s it s h e s aid , ,
A nd m ay th e e ndi ng b e a h appy o ne
Radab a s o o n m ad e r e ady whil e h e r k in ,
p o rtr ait s .
Th e s e rv ant s dr ap e d it with br o c ad e o f Ch in ,
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
2 76 O F FI R DA U S I
S et g o ld e n tr ay s ab o u t as o rnam e nt s ,
H e r e w e r e narci s s u s vi o l e t c e rci s bl o o m -
A nd r o s e th e r e lily and t h e j as m i ne —
, ,
, s pr ay .
Th e g o bl e t s w e r e c o m p act o f g o ld and t u rq u o i s e ,
Th e vi and s s at u r at e with cl e ar r o s e w at e r ; -
Th u s fr o m t h e ch am b e r o f t h e s u n fac e d o ne -
’
H o w Z dl w ent t o R udaba
At d u s k th e y l o ck e d t h e g at e and t o o k t h e k e y ,
A nd th e n a d am s e l w e nt t o z al and s aid
“
All is pr e p ar e d s o c o m e, .
Th e r e at t h e chi e f ,
, .
A cypr e s s o v e r which t h e fu ll m o o n s h o ne
We nt t o t h e r o o f and wh e n t h e s o n o f S am
, ,
Th e M ak e r s bl e s s ing b e o n th e e t h e arch
’
Fo r t o p t o t o e th o u art as s h e d e s crib e d th e e
, , .
To fo o t it th u s fr o m thy p avili o n
M u s t irk thy r o y al fe e t .
H e h e ard t h e v o ic e
A nd s aw u p on t h e w all a s u n ch e ck e d d am s e l -
Wh o s e b e au ty s e t t h e r o o f a gl e am lik e g e m s -
Wh o s e bl u s h e s s e t t h e gr ou nd a flu s h lik e r u bi e s -
.
TH E S H A N H AZ PI R DA U S I
'
2 72 MA OF
- -
Whil e z al in r apt as t o ni s h m e nt b e h e ld
H e r fac e h e r h air h e r l o v e li ne s s and gr ac e
, , ,
H e r br ac e l e t s t o rq u e and e arring s : h e r br o c ad e
, ,
Z it l s at in r o y al gr ac e b y t h at fair M o o n ,
h e ight ,
A nd at th o s e ch e e k s wh o s e l u s tr e fir e d h e r s o u l .
Th e m o r e s h e g az e d t h e m o r e h e r h e art i nfl am e d
Th e y ki s s e d and cl ung i nt o xic at e with l o v e .
Wh at li o n h u nt e th no t t h e o nag e r
Th u s s p ak e t h e chi e ft ai n t o t h e m o o n fac e d m aid -
,
-
Th at I will ne v e r br e ak m y tr o th t o th e e .
N ay I will fir s t h o ld s o u l and b o dy ch e ap
A nd w e ar a s hr o u d I will s e e k G o d and pr ay H im
.
,
Radab a ans w e r e d : I t o o s w e ar by H im
Th e G o d o f F aith and right —th at no ne b u t zal
S h all b e m y l o rd ; t h e M ak e r is my wit ne s s .
M I N (IOH I H R
Th e ir l o v e w ax e d e ve r as t h e m o m e nt s s p e d ,
Fo r wi s d o m w as afar and p as s i o n ne ar
,
.
B o th w e pt and b o th adj u r e d t h e ri s i ng s u n
O gl o ry o f t h e w o rld ! o ne m o m e nt m o r e !
”
Th o u ne e ds t no t ris e s o s o o n .
Th e n fr o m al o ft
zal dro pp e d h is l as s o and d e s c e ndi ng s tr aight
We nt fr o m t h e p al ac e o f h is l o v e ly m at e .
W e nt t o t h e l e v e e o f t he p al adin ,
, ,
A n d y e ar ni ng o ffe r e d firs t h is pr ai s e t o G o d
, ,
Wh o is t h e L o rd o f circling s u n and m o o n , V . 1 68
A nd s h o w e t h s o u l s t h e w ay o f right e o u s ne s s .
To giv e H im all t h e pr ai s e t h at w e c an gi v e
We m u s t b o w d o wn b e fo r e H im night and day .
O F PI R DA U S I
Y o u th h ath fr o m H im it s ti m e c e nt and b l o o m
of s ,
A ge h ath fr o m H im it s ti m e o f s add e ne d l o o k s .
A nd no t by o ne th e r e is no O ne b u t G o d ,
Bu t s av e fo r p airi ng w e h ad ne v e r k no wn
I t s p o s s ibiliti e s
. Ag ain w e ne v e r
,
S e e y o u th u nm at e d s t abl e in t h e F aith ,
A nd thirdly m e n th o u gh o f a m ighty s t o ck
,
U nm at e d l o s e th e ir vig o u r Wh at c an s h o w
.
Wh o s e s o u l is gl add e ne d by h is pr o g e ny
H e at life s cl o s e will h av e a N e w Y e ar s Day
’ ’
\
This is t h e s o n o f Z e nt h e s o n o f S am .
’
B e i ng o v e r fo rt u ne r e s t e th with t h e s o n .
My h e art is l o s t m y wi s d o m fl e d ! D e cl ar e
,
Th e r e m e dy fo r thi s . I h av e n o t s p o k e n
B e fo r e I s u ffe r e d b o th in br ain and wits .
Th e p al ac e o f Mihrab — I l o v e it all !
H is l an d is h e av e n t o m e fo rwhy m y h e art
R ej o ic e th in t h e d au ght e r o f S indu k h t .
Wh at s ay y e no w ? Will S am t o o b e r ej o ic e d
A nd will S hah M imich ih r if h e s h all h e ar
, ,
R e gard it m e r e ly as a yo u thfu l e rr o r ?
All— gr e at and s m all— in m arryi ng b u t o b e y
Th e l aw s o f F aith and c u s t o m N o wis e m an
.
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
2 76 OF
“
Th e S ou rc e o fj oy and m ight t h e L o rd o f V e nu s , ,
M ay H e bl e s s S am t h e s o n o f N ar im a n
Th e l o rd o f m ac e o f s ci m it ar and h e l m
, , ,
Wh o glu t t e t h v u ltu r e s wh e n h e m ak e th w ar ,
Wh o s h e dd e th g o u t s o f bl o o d fr o m m u rky cl ou d s ,
Wh o h andl e th go ld e n b e l t s and di ad e m s
A nd s e tt e th ki ngs u p o n th e ir thr o ne s o f go ld .
H is br av e ry ach ie v e t h fe at o n fe at
A nd th e y e x alt h is nam e The re liv e th no t
.
,
N o r e v e r will a c av ali e r s o br av e
, .
H e s aw h o w I w as b o r n and ill s h av e c o m e
,
S i nc e th e n u p o n m e fr o m t h e r o lli ng s k y .
My s ki n w as s c o rch e d by bl as t m ine e y e s w e r e s t o pp e d
,
With d us t Th e y u s e d t o c all m e s o n o f S am
.
Th ou gh h e was o n a thro ne I in a n e s t , ,
S i nc e G o d o rd ai ne d and m ad e this w ay fo r m e .
N o ne s c ape t h H is o rd ai nm e nt t h o u gh o ne fly
A m o ng t h e cl o u d s gnaw s p e arh e ad s r e nd t h e hid e s
, ,
H o wb e it a s ir e th o u gh fi e rc e and dr ag o n lik e
,
-
S h o u ld h e arke n t o t h e s e cr e t s o f h is child .
M I N IJ OH I H R
I am as if c o ns u med in r agi ng fi re ,
My br e as t is lik e a s e a I l o s e m y wit s
,
S o th at my p e o pl e w e e p y e t th o u gh s o r e tr o u bl e d
I will no t dr aw a br e at h b u t at thy w o rd .
Will s e c o nd m e h e r e in th at I m ay m ak e
Th e d au ghte r o f Mihrab my l awfu l wife .
My fath e r will r e m e m b e r th at wh e n G o d
R e s t o r e d m e t o h im o u t o f M o u nt Albu r z
H e pl e dg e d his w o rd in pr e s e nc e o f h is m e n
I will no t fr u s tr at e o ne wis h o f thy h e art
’
.
”
N o w thi s it is wh e re o n m y h e art is s e t .
A h o r s e m an l e ft Kab u l at lightni ng s p e e d -
To go t o S am and t o o k a s e c o nd h o r s e ,
Th e m e s s e nge r
W e nt like t h e wi nd u p o n a s t e e d o f s t e e l
, , .
S e nt d o u btl e ss ly by zal s o le t u s l e ar n
,
”
H is ne w s .
A nd t oo k t h e l e tt e r whil e t h e m an di s ch arg e d
,
TH E S H A H N A M A
‘ '
O F FI R DA U S I
I n w o nd e r no t e xp e cti ng o r c o mm e ndi ng
”
z al s c o n d u ct Ye t h e th o u ght t is nat u r al
’ “ ’
.
, ,
O ne nu rt u r e d by a bir d w ou ld h ank e r th u s .
O pp o s e m e no t i ncline t o wi s d o m s w ays
’ ’
, ,
I f I s ay Ye s and Thy d e s ir e is go o d
‘ ’
, ,
H e l aid h im d o w n in gri e f b u t c ou ld no t re s t .
Th e gr e at e r p e ac e and c o m fo rt s h all h e k no w
Withi n wh e n G o d Al m ighty will e th s o .
S am wh e n h e w o k e as k e d t h e as tr o l o ge r s
H o w will thi s e nd fo r t h e s e t w o e l e m e nt s
, ,
S u ch s u r e ly o n t h e J u dg m e nt Day w ill b e
Th e w arfar e o f Z ahh ak and Faridii n
'
C o ns u lt t h e s t ar s v o u ch s afe m e y o u r advic e
, ,
”
A nd pu t y o u r pe n p o in t t o a l u cky s ign
-
.
To s am with s m il e s fo r o pp o s it e s c o m bine d ,
I n h is b e h alf and an as t r o l o g e r
,
S aid : “
H e r o o f t h e g o ld e n b e lt w e brin g
G o o d ne w s ab o u t t h e d au ght e r o f Mihrab
A nd zal for th e y will b e a gl o ri o u s p air
, ,
T o ward daw n th e h o rs e m e n s
’
s h ou ts r o se
pl ai n ,
Ab o u t t h e e ntr an c e o f t he t e n t e ncl os u r e -
Th e m e s s e ng e r r e t u r ne d t o zal in tri u m ph
“l it h o m e ns o f s u cc e s s Wh e n h e arrive d
.
H e t o ld S a m s ans w e r z al w as w e ll c o nt e n t
’
.
A nd o ffe r e d pr ai s e s t o Al m ighty G o d
Fo r thi s gr e at m e rcy and h is bli s s fu l fat e .
H e c o u ld no t r e s t by day o r s l e e p by nigh t ,
H e dr ank n o wine d e s ir e d no m i ns tr e l s y ;
,
I s
A d am e o f h o ni e d s p e e ch w as go b e tw e e n -
A n d s aid t o h e r : G o t o Radab a S ay
‘
.
0 B e au ty kind and y o u ng ! wh e n m at t e r s c o m e
S am hu mm e d an d h aw e d b u t in t h e e nd c o ns e n t e d .
z al s e nt his fath e r s l e tt e r by t h e w o m an
’
Pl ac e d h e r u p o na g o ld e m br o ide r e d s e at
-
A nd fo r h e r ne w s g av e h e r a ch ang e o f r ai m e n t ;
Th e n br o u ght an I ndi an t u rb an w o v e n s o fi ne ly
Th at w arp and w o o f w e r e no t dis ting u i s h abl e ,
S o th at t h e g o ld w as hidd e n by t h e g e m s .
Wh o h av e t o ge t my living as I c an ;
I vi s it h o u s e s o f t h e g e ntl e fo lk
Wh o p u rch as e cl o th e s o f m e and j e w e lry .
S indu kh t s aid : S h o w th e m “
A nd q u e nch m y wr ath .
“
S h o w m e t h e p u rch as e m on e y s aid S indu k h t
-
, ,
”
A nd s e t m y h e art at r e s t .
Th e w o m an ans w e r e d
Th e m o o n fac e d l ady t o ld m e s h e w o u ld pay
-
To m o rr o w
-
. Wait u ntil I h ave t h e mo ne y .
”
P e rc e iving th at s h e li e d S indu kh t u s e d fo rc e ,
TH E S H A H N A M A
' '
O F FI R DA U S I
Th e w o m an by t h e tr e s s e s fl u ng h e r d o w n
Up o n h e r fac e and in a b u r s t o f r ag e
,
H al e d h e r in s h am e fu l plight al o ng t h e gr o u nd ,
Th e q u e e n r e t u r ne d in d u dg e o n t o t h e p al ac e ,
, , ,
S hu t h e r s e lf in and w as as o ne b e m u s e d .
Th o s e w e t narcis s i— b ath e d h e r b u r ni ng ch e e k s ;
Th e n t o Radab a : O th o u no bl e M o o n !
Why ch o os e s t th o u t h e ditch and no t th e thr o ne ?
I n wh at r es p e ct c an I h av e fail e d t o t e ach th e e
Pr o pri e ty in p u blic and in privat e
My pr e tty ! wh e r e fo r e h as t th o u wr onge d m e s o ?
T e ll m o th e r all thy s e cr e t s —wh o d e s p atch e d
Thi s d am e t o th e e and why Wh at is all thi s
.
Wh o is t h e m an fo r wh o m thi s s pl e ndid t u rb an
A nd fi nge r ri ng are m e ant ? I n th at gr e at tr e as u r e
-
A nd t e ar s o f l o v e d e s c e ndi ng gr ac e d h e r ch e e k s .
0 m o s t wi s e m o th e r ! th u s s h e m ad e r e ply ,
L o v e h u nt e th d o w n my s o u l b u t I h ad wr o u ght
,
A nd l o v e o f h im s o fi re t h m e and thi ng s
,
H av e c o m e t o s u ch a p as s withi n my h e art
’
Th at if in o th e r s pr e s e nc e or al o ne
, ,
TH E S H A H N A
'
MA O F
16
f
o
R e t u r ni ng fo u nd S indu k h t u p o n h e r c o u ch
P al e and di s tr e s s e d ; h e as k e d h er : Wh at h ath “
h app e ne d
S p e ak ! Wh e r e fo r e are thy r o s y lip s th u s fad e d
S h e s aid : I h av e b e e n m u s ing fo r a whil e
Ab o u t th e s e g o o dly tr e as u r e s and thi s w e alth ,
Th e s e Ar ab s t e e d s c ap ari s o ne d t hi s p al ac e
,
S o no bl e and it s pl e as u r e gr o u nd s t h e fri e nd s
-
Wh o ch e e r o u r h e art s th e s e s e rvant s o f my l o rd
, ,
I n ti m e ou r prid e and gl o ry m u s t ab at e ;
We yi e ld th e m t o t h e fo e ; o u r t o il is wind ;
A narr o w bi e r is o u r s at l as t We pl ant .
A tr e e wh o s e antid o t e is b ane t o u s ,
We w at e r it l ab o ri o u s ly and h ang
Th e r e o n o u r cr o wn and w e alth b u t wh e n it m o u nte th
,
”
I kno w no t wh e r e w e e v e r s h all fi nd r e s t .
[N
Mihrab r e pli e d : Th o u t e ll e s t an o ld t al e
I t is t h e fas hi o n o f thi s W ay s id e I n .
O ne is ab as e d ano th e r flo u ris h e t h
, ,
O ne c o m e th in ano th e r g o e th o u t
,
C ans t th ou s e e o ne wh o m h e ave n h u nt e th no t ?
Fr e t as w e will o u r Woe s r e m ai n ; w e c anno t
C o nt e nd ag ains t t h e All j u s t J udg e
-
.
S h e ans w e r e d
Th e wi s e w o u ld t ak e a v e r y di ffe r e nt vi e w
M I N IIOH I H R 2 85
O f wh at I sa id N o w c an I hid e fr o m th e e
.
S h e h u ng h e r h e ad and b e nt h e r cypr e s s fo r m -
H e r e y e s dr o pp e d de w u p o n he r r os y ch ee k s .
O fu ll o f wi s d o m s h e w e n t o n t o s ay
, ,
Th e s k y mu s t no t r e vo lve ab o v e u s th u s .
N o w t is fo r u s t o fi nd a r e m e dy
’
.
I h av e e xh o rt e d h e r with o u t av ail
H e r h e art I s ee is tr o u bl e d h e r fac e w an
, .
H is ch e e k gr e w livid and h is b o dy s h o o k
With r ag e ; h is h e art w as fu ll h e gr o ane d and cri e d
,
”
“
H e r bl o o d s h all fl o w fo r thi s .
S induk h t s pr ang t o o ,
A nd wi s d o m c o u ns e l th e e
”
.
H e s h oo k h er o ff
A nd b e ll o w e d lik e a m add e ne d e l e ph ant
“
I s h o u ld h av e c u t h e r h e ad o ff at h e r birth .
I s b u t a b as t ard in a br av e m an s e y e s
’
.
I gl o ry in t h e c o nflict and I w is
,
My s ir e i nh e rit e d t h e t as t e fr o m h is .
O F F I R DA U S I
‘
C ou ld o ne i m agine wind o b e yi ng d u s t
I c ar e no t I s o th o u c ans t k e e p u s s c athl e s s .
A b e tt e r s o n in law th an no bl e zal
- -
To u s e d e c e it with th e e ; thy h ar m is m i ne ;
I s h ar e thy s o rr o w s Wh at I s aid is tr u e
.
A nd it w as o n my m i nd I h ad at fir s t
.
Th o u s aw s t m e lyi ng d o wn ab s o rb e d in gri e f ;
Bu t if thi s is t o be t is n o t s o s tr ang e
’
A s t o o cc as i o n thi s anxi e ty .
S h e br o u ght S a m s ans w e r
’
A nd s aid : R ej o ic e ! Th o u h as t thy wi s h Wh e n
“
.
s tr ang e r s
S indu k h t in t e rr o r l e s t th at li o n m an
,
-
S h o u ld lay h e r d au ght e r d e ad u p o n t h e du s t ,
R e plie d : Fir s t pr o m i s e t o re s t o re h e r t o m e
“
‘
OF
17
H o w M inuchihr heard f
o the Cas e f
o Z cil and Buddha
A di s m al ti me will c o m e o n u s h e r e by .
Th e s o n o f S am a s h arp S w o rd s h ou ld b e dr awn
, ,
O n o n e s id e h e will b e an ali e n ,
H is h e ad will b e p o s s e s s e d by e vil pr oj e ct s ,
Wh at is y o u r r e d e ? S triv e t o advis e m e w e ll .
A nd s aid : “
Th o u art m o r e wi s e th an w e and h as t
M o r e p o w e r t o ac t Le t wi s d o m b e thy g u id e
.
,
A nd wi s d o m s qu arry is t h e Dr ag o n s h e art
’ ’
.
Th e S hah d e s ir ou s t o c o n cl u d e t h e m att e r
, ,
A nd b ad e h im : Go t o S am t h e c av ali e r ,
A s k : Wh at h ath b e e n thy fo rt u ne in t h e w ar ?
‘ ’
A nd j ou r ne y h o m e fr o m u s
’
.
N au d ar s e t fo rth ,
M I N tI OH I H R 2 89
W e nt with t h e p al adi ns t o w e lc o m e h im
With m ighty e l e ph ant s and k e ttl e dru m s .
Th e h e r o S am r ej o ic e d t o s e e t h e pri nc e ,
”
“
I will o b e y and j o y t o l o o k o n him .
Fo r th at day th e y r e m ai ne d t h e g u e s t s o f S am ,
Th e s ight o f wh o m r ej o ic e d t h e c o m p any ;
Th e y s pre ad t h e b o ard th e y t o o k t h e c u p in h and
, ,
Th ey w e nt as bidd e n Wh e n h e h e ard th e r e o f
.
H e h ad t h e p al ac e o f t h e S hah s pr e p ar e d .
A s wh e n a fi e rc e s e a h e av e t h fo r t h e s p e ar m e n
,
G o ngs Ar ab h o r s e s e l e ph an t s and t re as u r e s
, , ,
.
O n s u ch a fas hi o n m arch e d th at ar m am e n t
With fl ag s and k e ttl e dr u m s o n w e lc o me b e nt .
1 8
H o w 8 am ca me to M inuchihr
pr e s e nc e ;
M t ph oric all y of c r e
1
e a , ou s .
TH E S H A H N A MA P I RDA
'
29 6 OF US I
A nd s u ch d iv s t o o lik e li o ns in t h e fight
, ,
A n d all t u r ne d o u t t o fi gh t —
,
a m ighty h o s t ,
All e ag e r fo r t h e fr ay th e y c am e u p o n m e ,
”
‘
Thi s ang u i s h ? and I s aw no t ; fo r t h e br u nt
H ad fall e n th e n o n m e I r o ar e d ag ai ns t th e m
.
,
A nd u rg e d m i ne ir o n s t ee d I c am e am o ng th e m .
A s tw e r e a w o lf w as fo r e m o s t o f th e m all
’
.
,
D es c e nd e d thr o u gh h is m o th e r fr o m Z ah h ak .
Th e h e ad s o f no bl e s w e r e b u t d u s t t o h im .
R o s e fr o m th at gr e at h os t and my tr o o p s t u rne d p al e , ,
I r e ar e d t h e m ac e wh e r e o f o ne bl o w s u ffi ce t h
1
A Pe ri
s an m e as ure of w ight va y ing g
e r re a tly in diff r nt l c liti e e o a es .
P I RDA U S I
' '
292 TH E S H A H N A M A OF
At d aw n t h e S hah h e ld au di e nc e s am dr e w ne ar .
Le t no t Mihrab e s c ap e ; h e is a r e m nant
L e ft o f t h e Dr ag o n s s e e d and fi lle t h e arth
’
”
Of all t h e kith and ki ndr e d o f Zah h ak .
S am d ar e d no t s p e ak s o wr athfu l w as t h e S hah
, ,
19
Mihrab and z si b ad ne w s o f wh at h ad p as s e d
B e tw e e n t h e S hah and s am Kab u l w as m o v e d
, ,
A nd cri e s r o s e fr o m t h e p al ac e o f M ihrab .
, ,
With dr o o pi ng m i e n y e t r e s o l u t e with al
“
Th e Dr ag o n gri m wh o s e br e ath w o u ld bu r n t h e w o rld
M u s t t ak e m y h e ad o ff e re h e t ou ch Kabu l .
I n gr e at c o nc e r n h e h as t e d o n h is j o u rne y ,
29 3
N e ws r e ach e d br av e 8 am : Th e Li o n s Wh e lp h ath “ ’
c o me .
A nd chi e f and h o s t w e nt ou t t o w e lc o m e z si
Wi t h e l e ph ant s wh o s e b ack s w e r e drap e d with b anne r s
O f y e ll o w re d and vi o l e t
, ,
zal o n s e e i ng .
,
A nd br av e z sl ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd S am s p e nt a w hil e .
I n c o nv e r s e with h is s o n w h o th e n r e m o unt e d ,
“
Thy fath e r is di s pl e as e d with th e e th e y t o ld h im ; ,
”
M ak e thi ne e x c u s e and b e no t o b s ti nat e .
H e s aid : I fe ar no t fo r m an s e nd is d u s t
“ ’
.
,
My s ir e if s ane will no t u ns ay h is w o rd s ,
A nd if at fir s t h e s p e ak e th angrily
Will aft e r w e e p fo r s h am e .
Th e y r e ach e d S a m s c o u rt ’
To z al w h o ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd b e fo r e h is s ir e
,
F e ll fr o m h is e y e s and w as h e d his r o s y ch e e k s .
”
Gl ad b e t h e p al adin s s hr e wd h e art h e s aid ’
O f wi s d o m is a s e e dli ng o f thy s t o ck .
2 94 OF
R e c e iv e it thy h and s S o do no t I ;
at .
I am t h e d u s t fe d nu r s li ng o f a bird
-
To gi v e o cc as i o n t o an e ne m y
S av e thi s th at S am t h e h e r o is m y s ir e
,
O r e v e r I w as b o rn th o u did s t e xp o s e m e
Up o n t h e m o u nt ai ns h arr o wi ng my m o th e r
, ,
I h ad no m e m o ry o f any kin dr e d ,
A nd l o o k e d u p o n m e with a M as t e r s e y e
’
, ,
A nd o ne fri e n d t o o hi m s e lf t h e cr o wn o f chi e fs
, ,
Th e br av e wi se pr u d e n t m o narch o f Kabu l
, , .
I s oj o u r n e d at Kab u l by thy c o mm an d
A nd m i n dfu l o f t h y c o u ns e l and thy pl e dg e .
Th e tr e e th at th o u h as t pl an t e d i nt o fr u it
’
My b o dy t o thy wrath S aw m e as u nd e r .
,
Bu t u tt e r no t a w o rd ag ai ns t Kab u l .
”
Bu t m i s chi e f t o Kab u l is d o ne t o m e .
Th e chi e f att e nd e d t o z al s w o r ds th e n b o w e d
’
H av e d e al t with th e e u nj u s tly fr o m t h e fir s t
TH E S H AH N A M A PI RDA U S I
’
2 96 OF
A s l av e am I wh o s e r ac e is ru n a s l av e ,
My h e ad is s tr e wn with c am ph o r du s t—a cr o w n -
N o ne e e r s aw h o r s e m an r e in his s t e e d fe ll chi e fs
’
1
, ,
O r wi e ld a m ac e lik e m e My m ighty m ac e
.
S e t e arth a bl az i ng wh e r e it s v e no m fe ll
-
Dr agg e d fr o m t h e w at e r gr u e s o m e cr o c o dil es ,
Mi ne e l e ph anti ne s t e e d My s addl e b o r e
.
My b o w and at m y ne ck my s hi e ld I w e nt
,
.
F ar e w e ll e d m e wh e n th e y s aw m e wi e ld my m ac e .
I c am e . Th e dr ag o n s e e m e d a l o fty m ou nt ain
A nd tr ail e d u p o n t h e gr o u nd it s h airs lik e l as s o s .
1
R ead n i g with C .
’
M I N tI OH I H R 2 97
I t s e y e s w e r e like t w o ci s t e r ns fu ll o f bl o o d .
I t b e ll o w e d wh e n it s aw m e and c ame o n
I n fu ry s e e m i ng all afi re O S hah !
, ,
A bl ack r e e k w e nt u p t o t h e m u rky cl o u d s ,
Th e v e no m s e e m e d t o b e a s e a o f Ch in .
A nd t arri e d no t b u t fitt e d t o m y b o w
,
Again I pi e rc e d t h e m ou th ; t h e cr e at u r e writh e d .
A n d pr e s s e d m e h ard I t o o k m i ne o x h e ad m ac e -
A nd in t h e s tr e ngth o f G o d t h e L o rd o f all , ,
R aine d m ou nt ains d o wn th e r e on I s m as h e d t h e s ku ll .
,
A s it h ad b e e n a m ighty e l e ph an t s
’
S o s tr u ck I th at t h e dr ag o n r o s e n o m o r e
W hil e e arth w as l e v e ll e d t o t h e hill s with brains .
K as h af w as fl o wi ng lik e a s tr e am o f g all
A nd all w as p e ac e . Th e m ou nt ai n t o p s w e r e thr o ng e d -
With fo lk w h o c all e d d o wn bl e s s i ng s o n my h e ad ,
B e c au s e th at dr ag o n w as a fe arfu l b ane .
298
My ch arg er s ar m ou r dr o pp e d fr o m h im in pi e c e s ;
’
I tr am pl e d u nd e rfo o t t h e h e ad s o f chi e ft ai ns ,
A nd wh e r e s o e e r I r o d e m y wi nd fo o t ch arg e r
’
-
I cl e ar e d th at r e gi o n o f t h e r e ndi ng li o n ,
I ne e r h av e as k e d for fi e ld o r fe ll b u t s ou ght
’
My ne ck and m ac e bl o w s are no t wh at th e y w e r e
-
A m b e nt by ti m e and h av e r e s ig ne d m y d u ti e s
To z enas w o rthy o f m y m ac e and girdl e
,
.
O ne e xc e ll e nt in G o d s s ight ap art fr o m Wh om
’
Th e r e is no e xc e ll e nc e We h av e no t m o v e d
.
Fo r s l av e s mu s t no t pr e s u m e My l o rd t h e S hah
.
,
H o w o nc e and p u blicly I pr o mi s e d z al ,
1
M infi c hih r s
’
c pit l
a a .
TH E S H A H N A M A P I RDA U S I
’
30 0 OF
W o u ld d ar e t o s trive with S am or fe e l h is m ac e
S indu k h t s ank d o w n b e fo r e him and c o ns id e r e d .
Th e n h avi ng hit on an e xp e di e nt ,
Fo r s h e w as s hr e wd and s u btl e c am e b e fo r e ,
e ar t h
”
O r e l s e arr ay th e e in t h e r o b e o f bl o o d .
S h e s aid Th e r e is no ne e d o f th at gr e at ki ng ! ,
Bu t I m u s t go t o S am t o dr aw thi s s w o rd
A nd t o app e al t o h im in fitti ng t e r ms ,
Fo r wi s d o m is t h e c o o k wh e n s p e e ch is raw .
To fi nd t h e pr e s e nt s and e ntr u s t t o m e
Thy h o ard e d w e alth .
H e r e is t h e k ey h e s aid , ,
Pr e p ar e s l av e s h o r s e s thr o ne s and c as qu e s t o go
, , , .
We y e t m ay s av e o u r c o u n try fr o m t h e fl am e s
”
To s hi ne th o u gh fad e d no w .
S indu k h t r e pli e d
I f th o u d e s ir e s t life h o ld tr e as u r e ch e ap .
While I av e r t t h e d ang e r th o u m u s t u s e
N o h ar s h ne s s t o w ard m y chil d My gr e at e s t c ar e
.
I c ar e no t fo r mys e lf ; all my c o nc e rn
”
A nd tr av ail are fo r h e r .
S h e t o o k h is pl e dg e ,
A g o ld e n g o bl e t bri m m e d with c am ph o r mu s k , ,
O ne h u n dr e d b agg ag e m u l e s ; a cr o w n o f j e w e l s
-
Th e tr e as u r e s h avi ng b e e n d e s p atch e d s h e m o u nt e d
I n w arri o r g u i s e s wift as a light ni ng fl as h
-
,
-
As s u m e d a R11 m an h e l m and r o d e a s t e e d
’
A nd b ad e t h e o ffic e r s annou nc e h e r th u s
A n e nv o y fr o m Kab u l h ath c o m e t o s e e k
Th e m ighty chi e f t h e h e r o o f zab u l
, ,
TH E S H A HN A M A
' '
O F F I R DA U S I
Th e wi nne r o f t h e w o rld .
The ch am b e rl ai n
We nt t o t e ll S am w h o gr ant e d au di e nc e
, .
S indu k h t di s m o u nt e d h as t e d t o t h e chi e f
,
A nd ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd wi t h pr ai s e s o f t h e S hah
"
Th e s l av e s t h e h o r s e s and t h e e l e ph ant s
, ,
To s am w h o s at th e r e d az e d like o ne b e m u s e d
, , ,
“
C o m e fe m al e e nv oy s fr o m s o rich a c o u ntry
I f I acc e pt t h e S hah will b e di s pl e as e d
I f I d e cline t h e n z ai w ill b e ch agrine d
A nd fl ap h is wi ngs ab ou t lik e t h e S imu rgh .
H e r ai s e d h is h e ad and s aid : A s fo r t h e s e g o o d s ,
G o give th e m t o z srs tr e as u r e r as pr e s e nt s
S e nt by t h e B e au ty o f Kab u lis t an .
out
In o ne pr o m i s c u ou s s h o w e r b e fo r e t h e chi e ft ai n .
A nd o p e ne d with thy m ac e t h e w ay o f Go d .
I s w e e pi ng bl o o d Wh at h ave o u r p e o pl e d o ne
.
Bu t as fo r all t he
g u iltl e s s o f Kab u l
B u rn no t th e ir h e art s no r tu rn th e ir d ay s to d ark
ne s s .
Th e p al adin o n h e ar ing s aw in h e r
A w o m an o f c o u ns e l and o f ard e nt s o u l ,
Th an y o u r s y e t y e d e s e rv e t h e cr o w n and thr o ne ;
,
Wh o d o th wh at e e r H e will e th in s u ch wi s e
’
Th at w e are e v e r crying o u t : Ah m e
O ne is e x alt e d and ano th e r h u m bl e d ,
Th e h e art o f o ne is fu r ni s h e d by h is i ncr e as e ,
Bu t aft e r all t h e e nd o f b o th is d u s t
Th e e l e m e nt th at s l ay e th e v e ry r ac e .
H ath fl o wn ! H e s aw no s addl e wh e n h e m ou nt e d ,
’
A nd th e n h is r o ad s t e r s h o o fs s aw no t t h e gr o u n d
Th e S hah will s m il e and giv e a gr aci o u s ans w e r ,
H e s t and e th in t h e m ire m ad e by h is t e ar s ,
A n d if h is s w e e th e art is as fo n d as h e is
Th e ir s kins will ne v e r h o ld th e m Prith e e no w .
Le t m e b e h o ld t h e Dr agon s child j u s t o nc e’
, ,
M IN UCH I H R
T 30 5
H is s l av e le t h im v o u ch s afe t o vi s it h e r
,
O u r liv e s as o ffe ri ng s .
S h e s aw h is s mil e s
A nd th at all h at e w as r o o t e d fr o m h is h e art
A s h e r e pli e d : Be no t c o n c e r ne d ; thi s m att e r
“
S indu k h t
Th e n as k ing l e av e withdr e w and w e nt aw ay ,
I n fu ll c o nt e nt h e r ch e e ks lik e g e m s fo r j o y
,
.
S h e s e nt a l u s ty c o u ri e r lik e wind
To t e ll Mihrab : Be e as y in thy m i nd ,
R ej o ic e and m ak e th e e r e ady fo r a gu e s t .
”
I fo ll o w qu ickly .
N e x t day wh e n t h e s u n ,
S h o t u p and h e ad s aw o k e fr o m dr o w s i ne s s ,
S al u t e d as t h e M o o n o f n o bl e d am e s ,
S indu k h t pr o c e e d e d t o t h e c o u rt o f S am ,
A nd as k e d p e r m i s s i o n t o go h o m e r ej o ici ng
To t e ll Mihrab ab ou t t h e ne w m ad e l e ag u e -
A nd ge t all r e ady t o r e c e i v e th e ir g u e s t .
”
Be h appy at Kab u l and fe ar no fo e , .
TH E S H A H N A M A P I RDA vs f
'
OF
5 23
Th e no bl e s w e n t t o w e lc o m e h im O n r e achi ng .
Th e c o u rt h e h ad an au di e nc e and did h o m ag e ,
Th e ki nd S hah s h e art w as w o n ; h e b ad e t o p u rg e
’
th an w e ll
Th ou t u rne s t e ve ry tr o u bl e t o d e light .
Th e S hah th e n t o o k S a m s l e tt e r r e ad and s m il e d
’
.
,
”
Th o u h as t i ncr e as e d an an ci e nt gri e f o f m i ne ,
H e s aid y,
“
,
I am r e s o lv e d t o thi nk o f it n o m o r e ,
S i n c e th at is all t o th e e ; b u t t arry h e r e
Whil e I de lib e r at e o n thi ne affair s .
,
PI RDA U S I
’
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
OF
O n m any m att e rs v e il e d in m y s t e ry .
Wh at are t h e d o z e n cypr e s s e s e r e ct
I n all th e ir br av e ry and l o v e line s s ,
Th o u c ou nt e s t th e m th e ir nu mb e r is c o m pl e t e
Th e fo u rth in qu ir e d : Wh at is t h e m e ad o w l and
“
-
Wh e r e s tr e am s ab ou nd and h e rb ag e gr o w e th s t ro ng ,
To which a fi e rc e m an c o m e th in wh o s e h and
,
Th e r e is a s cy t h e a s h arp o ne and a l o ng
,
O n thi s at m o r ni ng and o n th at at e v e ?
,
M I N lYC H I H R 30 9
I n all th e ir v e rd u r e b o th are ne ve r s e e n
T o g e th e r b u t o ne s e r e t h e o th e r
, ,
Th e citi z e ns th o s e m e n e xc e e ding wi s e
, ,
Pr e fe rr e d th e r e t o a t h o rnb rak e o n t h e w as t e ;
A nd th e r e as m o narch s o r as s u bj e ct s pl ac e d
A t o wn wi t h b u ildi ngs lift e d t o t h e s ki e s .
Th e m e m o ry o f t h e city no w h ath g o ne ,
Tis no t acc ou nt e d o f by an y o ne ;
’
A nd l o ng r e gr e t p os s e s s t h e citi z e n .
N o w l oo k b e hi nd t h e v e il e xpl o r e t h e w o rd s
, ,
D e cl ar e it h e re in pre s e nc e o f t h e l o rds ,
A nd m ake t h e p u r e s t mu s k fr o m gri m y m o u ld .
2
5
H o w Zal ans we ed r t he A rch mages
ans w e r e d
Th e y are t h e tw e lv e ne w m o o ns o f e v e ry y e ar ,
,
.
Up o n t h e thirti e th day it s c ou r s e is d o ne
Fo r e ach ; th u s o u r r e v o lvi ng p e ri o d s ru n .
Th e p u l s e s o f t h e s k y are r e ck o ne d s o ;
Th e y ne ve r c at ch e ach o th e r as th e y go ,
Bu t fo ll o w as a h o u nd p u r s u e th pr e y .
Ag ain th o u as k e s t o f t h e thirty m e n
,
Th at rid e b e fo re th e ir k ing in o rd e r m e e t ,
A nd s e e m t o th e e as tw e n ty n i ne b u t wh e n -
Th o u c ou nt e s t th e m t h e ir nu m b e r is c o m pl e t e .
Th e y are t h e ph as e s o f t h e m o o n ; o ne night
A ph as e fr o m ti me t o ti m e e lu de t h s ight .
Th e d ark e r li m b o f h e av e n is o p p os e d
O cc as i o n t o t h e w o rld o f h o pe s and fe ar s 1
’
Ag ai n t h e city b u ilt u p o n t h e m o u nt
,
I s o u r l o ng ho m e t h e s c e ne o f o u racc o u n t , .
At o nc e o u r pl e as u r e tr e as u r e p ai n and w o e , ,
I t r e ck o ne th e ach br e ath dr aw n h e r e b e l o w
A nd b o th e x alt e th u s and c as t e th d o w n .
1
'
tti ng i d m d n tr n mic l n ti n t h i d
Pu as e o m m er as o o a o o s e ea s ee s so e
wh t f ll w t h k y
a as o o r pr nt d b y t h S ig n f t h Z di c
s : e s ,
as e ese e e s o e o a ,
i di i d d i nt
s v e light r nd d rk r p rti n
o a li mb t h light r
e a a a e o o or
“
e e ,
S pri ng nd S mm r b i g r p
a u t d by t h S ign fr m A i t
e , e n e re s e n e e s o r es o
V irg ; nd t h d rk r A t mn nd Wi nt r by th
o a e a fr m Libr t
e ,
u u a e , ose o a o
Pi cs Th
e s. li mb lt rn t l y m r l in i d c whil
e
“
s
”
are a e a e o e or ess ev en e , e
th n i c nti lly j r y i ng fr m n li m b t t h th r Th “
e su s o nu a ou ne o o e o e o e . e
d blou l t rn ti n f light nd d rk n
e a e a o i th cc nt d f ; th t
o a a es s s us a ou e or a
o f t h light r nd d rk r
e e n a f t h y r by t h m m nt
a f e s e as o s o e ea e ov e e s o
th e sky nd th t
, f d y nd night by t h m
a a m nt f t h
o n Th a a e ov e e o e su . e
3 12 O F F I R DA U S I
A s tw e r e t he m o o n at fu ll and th e r e th e y qu affe d
’
B e c am e b e m u s e d Th e n at t h e p o rt al r o s e
.
S h o u t s fo r t h e s t e eds and gl o ri o u s i n th e ir c u p s
,
N o w wh e n t h e s u ns hi ne s tr u ck t h e m o u n t ai n t o p s -
“
My gr aci o u s l o rd ! I l o ng t o se e S a m s fac e ’
.
S i nc e I h av e ki s s e d t h e fo o ti ngs o f t hy thr o ne
O f iv o ry thy Gr ac e and cr o wn ill u m e
”
My h e art .
Th o u m u s t b e s to w u p o n u s s till o ne day .
b ad e t o c arry g o ng s
He
Wi t h I ndi an b e ll s and cl ari o ns t o t h e gro u nd ,
By th e m o b s e rve d th e ir s kill b u t ne v e r s aw
, ,
Up on t h e gr o u nd an an ci e nt tr e e zal t o o k .
Th e n c e rt ai n o f t h e j av e li n m e n t o o k b u ckl e rs
-
z al b ad e h is T u rk m an s l av e bri ng s hi e ld s o f hid e ,
A nd m ad e ne w s p o rt H e s tr u ck and pi e rc e d thr e e s hi e ld s
.
A nd fl u ng th e m t o o ne s id e in high di s d ain .
A nd arr o w s .
Th e n t h e w arri o r s d o nn e d th e ir m ail
With wr athfu l h e art s and c u r s e s o n th e ir t o ngu e s .
S e l e ct e d fr o m t h e r e s t a c av ali e r
Of fam e and high e s t at e at wh o m h e ch arg e d .
E m e rgi ng fr o m t h e d u s t s e i z e d o n his b e lt
,
Th e S hah s aid : “
M ay h e e ve r b e th u s ard e nt .
Th e m o th e r o f t h e m an th at dare t h him
To b attl e will w e ar m o u rni ng fo r h e r s o n .
Th e li o n es s e s b e ar no t o ne s o br av e ,
S o br av e h e m u s t b e cl as s e d with cr o c o dil e s !
A nd S am is bl e s s e d i nd e e d t o l e av e t h e w o rld
S u ch a m e m o ri al .
H e pr ai s e d t h e y o u th ,
T o w ard t h e p al ac e wh e r e t h e S hah pr e p ar e d
A r o b e o f h o no u r th at as t o ni s h e d all
Th e chi e ft ai ns with a pr e ci o u s cr o wn and thr o ne
,
A nd g av e t h e wh o l e t o zal wh o ki s s e d t h e e arth
, .
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
O F FI R DA U S I
'
M inwchihr s A
’
ns wer t o S ai nt
’
s Le tt e r
Th e S hah th e n wr o t e a v e ry gr aci o u s l e tt e r
To S am : R e no w ne d and v ali an t p al adin
“
,
A nd p e e rl e s s in t h e s ight o f t u r ni ng h e av e n
Fo r fe as t fo r fight fo r c o u ns e l and fo r fav ou r !
Th at gl o ri ou s s o n o f thine —br av e zal—at w h o m
, ,
”
H av e o th e r i s s u e th an t h e s t ro ng cl aw e d li o n ? -
zal s e nt t o S am t o I l e ft t h e S hah
With all th at I c o u ld wi s h — a r o y al r o b e
O f h o no u r cr o w ns t o rq u e s ar m l e t s and a thr o ne
, , , ,
My l o vi ng gl o ri ou s s ir e 1
,
S am gl add e ne d s o
Th at his h o ar h e ad gr e w y o u ng H e hu rri e d o ff .
A h o r s e man t o K ab u l t o t e ll Mihrab
Th e ki nd ne s s o f t h e S hah which h ad pr o d u c e d
S u ch j o y and add e d :
,
Aft e r z al s r e t u rn
“ ’
We will s e t o u t t o pay th e e o u r r e s p e ct s .
S o j o y e d t o m ak e Kab u l s S u n h is affi ne
’
A nd o ne h ad s aid t h at all p o u r e d o u t th e ir s ou l s .
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
316 O F FI RDA U S I
‘
A nd all t h e s l av e s w e r e s u mm o n e d t o s tr e w m us k
A nd S pic e ry t o pu t d o wn fu r s and s i lks
, ,
Wine and r o s e w at e r o n t h e d u s ty gr o u nd
-
H o w Z ci l ca me t o S tim
To t e ll ab o u t t h e m att e r o f S indu k h t ,
A nd m ad e m e pr o m i s e no t t o b e h e r fo e .
I gr ant e d all th at s h e w as pl e as e d t o as k
Fir s t th at t h e fu t u r e m o narch o f zab u l
S h all h av e t h e B e au ty o f Kab u l t o wife ,
A n d ne xt th at w e will go and b e h e r g u e s t s
To h e al all s o r e s N o w s h e h ath s e n t t o s ay
.
1
Wh e re she had c
on e en e t rt in d Z il
a e r .
M IN UC H I H R
Th e n zal bl u s he d ru by re d fro m h e ad t o fo o t
-
I f it s e e m go o d t o th e e s e n d o n t h e tr o o p s
”
A nd le t u s fo ll o w and di s c u s s t h e m att e r .
S am s m il e d at zal aw ar e o f h is d e s ire
, ,
s am b ad e t o s o u nd t h e g o ng s and In di an b e ll s
A nd h av e pr e p ar e d t h e r o y al t e nt e ncl o s u r e
-
H e s e nt a c am e l e e r a v ali ant m an
, ,
“
Th e chi e ft ai n is u p o n his w ay with zal
A nd e l e ph ant s and tr 0 0 p s e s c o rti ng th e m .
H is c h e e k s gr e w r u ddy as t h e c e rcis bl o o m -
H e s o u nd e d tr u m p e t s m o u nt e d k e ttl e dr u m s
, ,
O ne w o u ld h av e s aid : I t is a fe s ti val ,
Th e R e s u rr e cti o n o r t h e L as t Gr e at Day .
Th u s w e n t Mihrab till h e e nc o u nt e r e d S am ,
Th e ne w m o on ri s i ng o e r t h e m ou nt ain t o p s
’
-
H e m o u nt e d h is fl e e t s te e d and s e t a cr o w n
O f g o ld and j e w e l s o n t h e h e ad o f zal .
C o nv e rs ing o f t h e p as t th e y r e ach e d Ka bu l .
PI R DA
'
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
OF US I
ro ac h e d,
p
A nd all bl e s s e d S am and s h o w e r e d fo rth t h e j e w e l s .
”
“
H o w l o ng wilt th o u c o nc e al Budab a th u s ?
S indu k h t r e pli e d : I f th o u w ou ld s t s e e t h e S u n
Wh at is my fe e
S am ans w e r e d : Wh at th ou wil t “
At l as t h e s aid t o z al : Th ou l u cky y o u th
“
.
G o d gr e atly h e lp e d th e e wh e n thi s gl o ri o u s S u n
S e t h e r affe cti o ns o n th y fac e Thy Ch o ic e .
I s ch o ic e i nd e e d
By S a m s d e s ir e Mihrab'
Th e i nv e nt o ry o f h is d au ght e r s do wry
’
Tis m o r e th an e ar c an h e ar
’
Till o ne h ad cri e d .
s am w as c o nfou nd e d wh e n h e r e ali s e d
Th e tr e as u r e s and i nv o k e d t h e nam e o f Go d
,
.
Th e p al ac e w as a P ar adi s e in rapt u r e s ,
29
The S tory of t he Bi th r o f R u s t am
E re l o ng t h e no bl e Cypr e s s w as in b e ari ng ,
S h e w e pt bl o o d fo r t h e b u rd e n th at s h e b o re .
, .
U n t il th at c am e s h e l ack e d b o th r e s t and s l e e p .
Pl u ck e d o u t h e r r av e n tr es s e s m u s k p e rfu me d -
A nd b u r nt s o m e o f t h e pl u m e Th e air gr e w d ark
A nd th at i m p e ri ou s bird s w o o p e d d o w n—a Cl ou d
.
Thi s m o is tu r e in t h e mighty L i o n s e y e ? ’
01
’
1
pp . 2 3 5. 2 4 6 .
M I N ( ICH I H R 32 1
Will c o m e a no bl e b ab e Th e m ighty li o n .
Will ki s s t h e d u s t u p o n h is fe e t N o cl o u d .
Will d ar e t o p as s ab o ve him Wh e n h e s h o u t e th .
H is ch e s t h is ar ms and ne ck will h e ar h is v o ic e
, ,
, ,
A bl u e s t e e l d agg e r s e e k a c u nni ng m an
-
, ,
A nd t ak e t h e Li o n fr o m it s l air by pi e rci ng
H e r w ai s t whil e all u nc o ns ci o u s th u s i m br u i ng ,
H e r s id e in bl o o d and th e n s titch u p t h e g as h
, .
Pu t tr o u bl e c ar e and fe ar as id e and br u i s e
, , ,
Ru b o e r t h e w o u nd m y pl u m e it s gr aci ou s s h ad e
’
Th e n go b e fo r e t he L o rd wh o h ath b e s t o w e d
Thi s r o y al Tr e e which e v e r b lo s s o m e t h
G o o d fo rtu ne Be no t tr o u bl e d fo r thi s m att e r
.
,
”
B e c au s e t hy fe rtil e B o u gh will yi e ld th e e fr u it .
Whil e e v e ry o ne l o o k e d o n am az e dly
With w ou nd e d s pirit and with bl o o d s h o t e y e s .
x
TH E S H A H N A M A P I R DA U S I
'
322 OF
Wh o m ad e t h e m o o n fac e d d am e b e mu s e d wi th wine
-
Th e n pi e rc e d h e r s id e whil e s h e w as all u nc o ns ci o u s ,
D e liv e r e d h e r u ni nj u r e d N o ne h ad s e e n .
A thi ng s o s tr ang e Th e b ab e w as l ik e a li o n.
,
B o th m e n and w o m e n w o nd e r e d at h im no ne ,
B e mu s e d u nc o ns ci ou s Th e y t h e whil e s e w e d u p
,
.
To h e r e xt o lli ng h im as h e av e nly
, .
Th e l o fty Cypr e s s s m il e d u p o n t h e b ab e ,
P e rc e iv e d in h im t h e Gr ac e o f ki ng o f ki ng s ,
”
A nd ,
I am m agnifi e d s h e s aid
“
and gri e f , ,
“
I s o ve r .
S o th e y nam e d t h e in fant R u s t am .
Th e y m ad e o f s ilk a h e role t t h e s i ze
O f th at u ns u ckl e d Li o n s t u fli ng it ,
Up o n t h e ch e e k s with dr ag ons o n t h e ar ms
, ,
A nd o n t h e h and s a li o n s cl aw s B e ne ath ’
.
Th e arm th e r e w as a s p e ar m ac e in o ne h and ,
A nd bridl e in t h e o th e r Th e y s e t t h e p u pp e t .
1
Th ew rd in t h P r ian may al m an
o e e s so e Je su s i dé li ré v e (Mo hl ) ,
or I b a fr it lit
e r Th re i fr it t o m
u , .
, e s u e .
'
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
324 O F F I R DA U S I
'
C am e lik e a r u s hi ng wi nd t he m e s s e ng e r
To zal o f ard e n t and e x u lti ng h e art ,
T o ld h im o f S a m s d e light and g av e t h e l e tt e r
’
.
A s s o o n as zal h ad h e ard th o s e pl e as an t w o rd s ,
H e r ai s e d h is ne ck t o t o u ch t h e az u r e s k y .
Te n nu r s e s s u ckl e d R u s t am fo r fr o m m ilk ,
H e liv e d o n br e ad and fl e s h H e at e as m u ch .
A s fi v e and p e o pl e t u r ne d fr o m s u ch r e p as t s
, .
A nd gr o w n a no bl e Cypr e s s o r bright S t ar
A S t ar wh e r e at t h e w o rld w as all ag az e
Th o u w ou ld s t h ave s aid : Tis v ali ant S am ind e e d ’
I n s t at u r e wi s d o m c o u nt e nanc e and r e d e
”
, .
, ,
H ow S am ca me to s ee R us tam
S am :
h e ard : Th e s o n o f z al is lik e a li o n ,
Hi m s e lf t o s e e t h e b o y H e l e ft in ch arg e .
Dr aw n by h is l o ve t o w ard z ab u lis t an
,
.
Th e n e arth gr e w e b o n fo r 2 51 1 h e ard t h e ne w s
, ,
S h o u t s o f de p art u r e r o s e o n e v e ry s id e .
1 Fird i au s do e s no t S p cif y
e t h e m e as u re . Mo hl tr l t ans a e s
“
h it
u
”
pal mes .
MIN UCH I H R 325
Th e y h ad o ne m ighty e l e ph an t c ap ari s o ne d
A nd fu r ni s h e d with a go ld e n thr o ne wh e r e o n ,
Th e s o n o f z al s at with h is cypr e s s fo r m -
F e ll pr os tr at e c alli ng bl e s s ings d o w n o n S am
, ,
H e h ad th e m br o u ght j u s t as th e y w e r e s u rv e y e d ,
s ayi ng :
To t e ll ! s al u t e d h im in thi s ne w fas hi o n
Gr e at p al adi n ! r ej o ic e I am thi ne o ffs h o o t
,
Be t h o u m y r o o t Th e s l av e o f S am am I
.
,
A nd by G o d s biddi ng tr am pl e o n fo e s h e ad s
’ ’
.
”
My fac e is lik e t o t hi ne s o b e m y c o u r ag e
, .
A n d e l e ph ant s w e r e s till Th e n fu ll o f gl e e
.
A nd t al k th e y all b e t o o k th e m t o t h e p al ac e
A nd r e v e ll e d m e rrily o n g o ld e n s e at s ,
Up o n t h e thr o ne th e r e s at vict o ri ou s S am ,
3 26 TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI RDA US I
An eagl e s fe at h e r dr o o ping fr o m h is cr o wn
’
O n wh o m t h e gr and s ir e g az e d am az e dly ,
S u ch r e e d lik e w ai s t s u ch am pl e ch e s t and br e as t
-
, ,
”
N o p e e r o n e arth th e n s aid t o zal :
, Alth o u gh “
N o o ne w o u ld kno w o f b ab e d e liv e r e d th u s .
H o w c o u ld th e y do t h e thi ng s u cc e s s fu lly ?
A th o u s an d ti m e s m ay th at S im u rgh b e bl e s t
To wh o m G o d s h o w e d t h e w ay N o w le t u s r e v e l .
A nd pu t t o flight with wi ne t h e s o u l o f c ar e ,
O ld g u e s t s d e p art and n e w o ne s t ak e th e ir pl ac e s .
Th e y pu t t h e wi ne ab o u t and gr e w b e mu s e d ,
, .
I R u s t am and m y s t e e d S h ab di z and s w o rd
, , ,
N o cl o u d w ill d ar e t o o v e r s h ad o w u s .
A nd m ak e t h e d u s t b e ne ath my fe e t p u r e m u s k .
A nd no w t o fi nd h im ar m s .
H e s p ak e in j e s t ,
, ,
“
My s o n b e j u s t and l o y al t o t h e S hah s ,
TH E S H A H N A M A PI RDA U S I
'
OF
S ho u ts r o s e o u t s id e h is d o o r Th e chi e f s whit e
’
e l e ph an t
Th e k e e p e r s o f t h e g at e o pp os e d him s ayi ng ,
“
We fe ar t h e chi e ft ai n t is a d ark s o m e night
,
’
Th e e l e ph ant is l o o s e ! Wh o c an appr o v e
Thy g o i ng fo rth
Wr o th at t h e s p e ak e r s w o rd s ’
Th e m atchl e s s R u s t am s m o t e h im o n t h e nap e
H is h e ad r o ll e d fr o m h im R u s t am t u r ne d t o w ard
.
Th e o th e r s b u t th e y fl e d t h e p al adi n ,
H e l o o k e d and s aw a M o u nt ai n b e ll o wi ng ,
S aw h is o wn no bl e s fl e e i ng in di s m ay ,
L ik e s h e e p th at s py a w o lf r o ar e d lik e a li o n
,
A nd w e nt c o u r ag e ou s ly ag ai ns t t h e b e as t ,
A m ac e bl o w o n t h e h e ad ; t h e m ou nt ai n fo r m
- -
S t o o p e d ; M o u n t B1 s t 11n s h o o k t o it s c o r e and t u m bl e d
' ’
W e nt lightly t o h is pl ac e ag ai n and s l e pt .
N o w wh e n t h e s u n as c e nd e d fr o m t h e e as t ,
z al h e ard o f R u s t am s d e e d s h o w h e h ad k no ck e d
’
Th e d u s t o u t o f t h e r o ari ng e l e ph ant ,
H ad with a s i ngl e m ac e bl o w br o k e n it s ne ck
-
’
M I N U CH I H R
A nd c as t b o dy t o t h e gr o u nd H e cri e d
it s .
Wo e fo r th at m ighty e l e ph an t which u s e d ,
To b e ll o w lik e t h e d ark bl u e s e a ! H o w o ft e n
H ath th at s tr o ng b e as t ch arg e d and o e rt h ro w n ’
My s o n h ath b e s t e d it
H e s um m o ne d R u s t am ,
A nd th o u art br av e i nd e e d Y o u t h as th o u art
Th o u h as t no p e e r in s t at u r e Gr ac e and v al o u r, ,
A nd w at e r g o ld and m o ne y m e n and b e as t s
, ,
.
B o th tr e e s and h u s b and m e n ab ou nd th e r e ; no ne
H ath s e e n a pl ac e lik e th at Th e All Pr o vid e r
.
-
A s high as h e av e n and N ar im a n w h o b o r e
, ,
R e tr e at e d t o t h e S hah Wh e n S am w as t o ld
.
A w e e k in angu i s h c all e d t h e h o s t t o g e th e r .
H e m arch e d ag ai ns t th at h o ld with tr 0 0 p s th at c o v e r e d
Th e w as t e and d e s e rt and fo r m o nth s and y e ar s
,
Be l e agu e r e d it in v ai n N o ne i s s u e d fo rth
.
TH E S H A H N A M A P IR DA U S I
’
OF
A nd no ne w e nt in b u t
, th ou gh t h e g at e w as s h u t
S o l o ng t h e fo e l ack e d no t a s t alk o f h ay ,
A nd S am fo r e w e nt his v e ng e an c e in d e s p air .
N o w is t h e ti me my s o n ! fo r artific e
, .
S o th at t h e w atch m e n m ay no t fi nd th e e ou t ,
A nd wh e n th o u o c c u pie s t M o u nt S ipand
D e s tr o y th os e e vil do e r s ro o t and s t e m
-
, .
S i nc e th o u art y e t u nk no w n th o u m ay s t s u cc e e d .
Do n c am e l driv e r s cl o th e s and fr o m t h e pl ai n
’
-
Fe tch c am e l s t o m ak e u p a c arav an .
Fo r th at is pr e ci o u s th e r e Th e fo lk k no w n o thi ng
.
O f gr e at e r v al u e .Th ou gh t h e c as tl e t o w e re th
Ab o v e it s g at e th e y h av e no s alt t o e at ,
S o all will ru n t o gr e e t th e e wh e n th e y s e e
L o ad s o f it c o m ing u ne xp e ct e dly .
Th e n R u s t am m ad e h im r e ady fo r t h e fr ay ,
H e hid t h e ar m s withi n t h e c am e l s l o ad s
’
A nd m e rry a t t h e artific e s p e d o n
To M ou n t S ipand Wh e n h e arriv e d t h e w atch m an
.
S aw h im and h as t e ne d t o t h e c as t e ll an .
H ath c o m e and if m y l o rd d o th as k th e ir bu s i ne s s
, ,
To m e it s e e m e th th at th e y c arry s alt .
TH E S H A H N A M A O F FI R DA U S I
’
3 32
Th e p e e rl e s s R u s t am with his l as s o m ac e , ,
A nd s w o rd d e s tr o y e d t h e g all an t fo e ; and wh e n
Th e s u n u nv e il e d it s e lf and h e ld t h e w o rld ,
N o t o ne r e m ai ne d aliv e th at w as n o t w o u nd e d .
S aw in t h e cit ad e l wh e r e r o o m w as s c an t
A b u ilding o f h ard s t o ne with ir o n d o o rs ,
H e e nt e r e d and b e h e ld a l o fty v au lt
F u ll o f d inars A s t o ni e d at t h e s ight
.
Th e n R u s t am wr o t e h is s ir e a fu ll r e p o rt
O f wh at h ad p as s e d : Fir s t bl e s s i ng b e o n H im
“
,
Wh o is t h e L o rd o f s e rp e nt ant and s u n , , ,
M ay H e bl e s s z al t h e h e r o o f zab u l
, ,
Th e p e e rl e s s p al adi n t h e w arri o r s s h e lt e r
’
, ,
Th e fl ag o f Kaw a w h o e nt h ro ne t h S hah s
, ,
To s u n and m o on .
c ame t o M o u n t S ipand I
By thy b e h e s t and wh at a m o u nt w as th e r e !
,
Tw as lik e t h e s ky Wh e n I h ad r e ach e d it s fo o t
’
.
'
M I N U CH I H R 333
Wh o h av e b e e n s l ai n o r m ai m e d o r h av e e s c ap e d
By thr o wi ng all th e ir fi gh t ing g e ar aw ay -
.
N o o ne c o u ld t e ll t h e t o t al th o u gh h e c o u nt e d
For d ay s and m o nth s . Wh at w o u ld t h e p al adi n
M ay h is s t e p s pr o s p e r m ay h is m i nd b e bright
, .
Th e m e s s e ng e r c am e lik e a bl as t and g av e
Th e l e t t e r t o t h e p al adi n Th at chi e ft ain
.
yo u ng .
H e wr o t e a fu ll r e ply fir s t pr ai s i ng G o d
,
A nd th e n pr o c e e di ng th u s : I h av e p e r u s e d
“
Th at t al e o f tri u m ph and p o u re d o u t m y s ou l
I n j oy
. S u ch fight s b e c o m e th e e w e ll m y s o n ,
Wh o th o u gh a b oy h as t pl ay e d t h e m an illu me d ,
Th e s ou l o f N arim a n and bu r ne d h is fo es .
To c arry o ff t h e s p o il I h av e s e nt c am e l s
By th ou s and s H aving r e ad thi s m o u nt with s p ee d ;
.
R u s t am r e ad
Th e l e tt e r w e ll c ont e nt th e n ch o s e t h e ch o ic e s t
,
, , , ,
A s w e ll as p e arl s and j e w e l s fit fo r ki ng s ,
A nd fig u r e d pi e c e s o f br o c ad e o f Chin ,
A nd s e n t th e m t o h is s ir e Th e c ar av an
.
”
H ath c o m e t h e fo lk pr e p ar e d t o w e lc o m e him
,
Ar o s e t h e din o f br az e n cl ari o ns ,
O f cy m b al s tr u mp e t s and o f I ndi an b e ll s
, ,
A s e ag e r R u s t am far e d t o w ard z al s p al ac e
’
A nd c o m ing b o w e d t o e arth b e fo r e h is m o th e r ,
34
The Le tt er of Z al t o s am
Th e fam ou s chi e f s e nt t h e g o o d ne w s t o S am ,
Wh e nas t h e l e tt e r c am e t o S am h is ch e e k s
Bl o o m e d lik e a r o s e in h is e xc e e di ng j o y .
H e m ad e a fe as t lik e j o c u nd s pri ng b e s t o w e d ,
Up o n t h e m e s s e ng e r a r o b e and s t e e d ,
A nd t alk e d o f R u s t am m u ch H e wr o t e t o zal
.
’
“
I t is no t w o nd e rfu l th at li o ns wh e lp s
Pr o v e br av e A cl e ve r archi m ag e m ay t ak e
.
Y e t will h e fe ar it wh e n it s t e e th h av e gr o wn ,
Fo r th o u gh it ne v e r s aw it s m o th e r s d u gs
’
’
Twill thr o w b ack t o t h e i ns ti nct s o f it s s ir e .
N o w o nd e r th e n th at R u s t am s h o u ld i nh e rit
z al s pr o w e s s and th at Li o ns s e e k h is aid
’
I n ti m e s o f e nt e rpri s e .
H e s e al e d t h e l e tt e r
A nd g av e it t o t h e m e s s e nge r w h o w e nt
,
TH E S H A H N A M A P I RDA U S I
’
3 36 OF
Y e t th o u might s t s ay th at I h ad ne v e r s e e n
Th e w o rld s u ch am I ! and m y t al e o f y e ar s
,
S o giv e I th e e t h e cr o wn w o r n by t h e S hah s
, .
Th o u mu s t h e s o m e ti me s w o lf and s o m e ti m e s s h e e p
:
Whil e h e s p ak e h e w e pt N au dar .
Fr e e fro m di s e as e u nv e x e d by any p ai ns
, ,
Wh o s e t al e is l e ft as h is me mo ri al .
N A U DA R
HE RE I G N E D FO R S E V EN Y E A RS
A RG U M E N T
N au dar r l
ppr i ly nd t h p pl r lt b t S am
u es o e s s ve a e eo e evo ,
u suc
ce ed in r t ri n g rd r
s P h ng t h ki ng f T aran h w r
es o o e . as a , e o ,
o eve ,
a rm y t i n d I ran n d r t h c m m nd f hi
o va n A f ra iy a
e b u e e o a o s so s .
Th Irani n
e d f t d nd N da with m ny f h i chi f
s are e ea e ,
a au ar, a o s e s,
i t k n p ri n r
s a eA fra iy ab kill N nd r n dso m t h c r wn
e . s s a a a as s u es e o
o f Iran I gh i t h b r th r f A f ra iy ab t r it r
. ly r l
r ras , e o e o s ,
a o ou s e e as e s
t h Irani n pr i n r
e t h I r ani n and r K a r n n d z i l bt i n
so e s, e a s u e a a . o a
i nd p nd nt cc
e e r t h Ta ani n nd A fra iyab p t
e su esses ove e r a s, a s u s
hi b r th r I gh i
s o t d th e r ras o ea .
NO E T
In thi r ig n t h cs e e o nne cti on b twe een t he S h ah nam a and t he
V e das t mp r ril y e re d and w e a
o a nab l t see ms t o b e s e ve ,
re u e o
tr c
a e t h e nam e f t h e pri n cipal h e r e f r th r b ack than t he
s o o s u e
Zanda a t a wh e re m t f th e m a b f t o ry f
_
v s t,
nd Th os o re o e ou . e s o
t he r ig n is ne o f di a t r f
e Ir an ; and t h anci e n t f d rigi
o s s e or e eu ,
o
th xe c ti n f I gh i a b y hi b ro th r A fra iy ab We a e
e e u o o r r s s e s . r
c r,
W l arn fr m t h B nd hi h th t Wi and P h ng A f a iy ab
1
e e o e u a s a sa as a , r s
’
s
fath r w r br th r
e ,
WPT i 3 5 e e o e s. ,
. 1 .
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P I RDA U S I
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
338 OF
t h p r t g ni t f t h T a ani n r c
e o a o nd t h s rch n my f Iran
o e r a a e, a e a -
e e o ,
thr gh t h r ig n f cc i S hah H i t h c nd in
ou e e s o su e s s ve s. e s e se o
t h t r i nity f
e il pirit which cc rdi ng t Z r t ri n b li f
o ev s s ,
a o o o o as a e e ,
w as c r t d by A hri m n t
ea e t h Iran i n r t h fi r t b i ng a o vex e a ac e , e s e
Z hh ak n d t h thi rd pp r ntly A l x n d r t h G r t
a ,
a e In t h a a e e a e e ea .
1
e
p r t f t h xt nt Z nd t k n wn
a o e th
e Z my ad Y t a a av as a o as e a as ,
or F ng y n
ra h i th rras c ll d i d cri b d
a ,
m ki ng
as e s e e a e ,
s es e as a
t h p c li r p
e e u i n f t h S h ah nd which Z hh ak hi m lf
a os s es s o o e s, a a se
o nc cc f l n t
e su n m ight
ess u pp n th,
cc i n in o ,
as o e su ose, o e o as o
th pr nt r ig n b t in th t f K i K au wh n t h l tt r
e e se e ,
u a o a s, e e a e
a w t r t li n g fi nd ; b t h c nn t b t r c d f r th r b ck
a e -
s ea e u e a o e a e u e a
th n t h Z nd t nd hi d pr d ti n
a e a c nfi n d t t li ng
av as a, a s e e a o s are o e o s ea
a w y t h ri r f Iran I t i r c g ni d in t h Z nd t
a e ve s o .
1
‘
s e o se e a av as a
th t th r
a g d m n in ll c n t ri in th
e e are f th oo ld r e a ou es, os e o e e e
f F ri dun—T uran n d R um — w ll in th t
’
so n s o a f hi a as e as a o s
y ng t b r n I m W h
ou es -
o n i n t nc f thi
-
in t hrz
’
5
e av e a s a e o s e
—t h b r th r f A fra iy ab —w h b i ng rigi n lly
.
c as e f I gh i
o r ras e o e o s o e o a
a g d pirit
oo d m i g d i n t r lly
S pp d t f
or r th e -
o s a u a su o se o av o u e
I rani n t t h c t f hi
a s a wn c n t rym n end i h ld p os o s o ou e ,
a s e u as
a so r t f m r tyr in t h p m I n t h Z nd t t h m rd r
o a e oe . e a a v as a e u e
o f I gh i i l k d p n
r ras n f t h m ti
s f
oo ng nc e u o as o e o e o ve s or v e ea e
n A f ra i y a b whil in t h B nd hi h w r d Wh n F a iy a
/
6 “
o s ,
e e u a s e ea : e r s v
m d M anu ih
a e with t h I rani n c pti in t h m n t i n
sc ar, e a s, a ve e ou a
r ng f P d hk h a nd c tt r d r i n nd w nt m ng th m
a e o a as v r, a s a e e u a a a o e ,
A gh é d b gg d
r ra f r f G d nd h bt i n d t h b n fit
e e a av o u o o ,
a e o a e e e e
th t t h rm y nd ch mpi n f t h Irani n w r
a e a a d a o s o e a s e e s av e
by him f r m th t di t r F a iy a
o l w A gh é d f th t a s ess . r s v s e r ra or a
f lt
au Th. t ry in t h S hahnam i t l d n t f M in hih
”7
e s o e a s o o o t rc
’
r
b t u f N od Th m n t i n r ng i th t t
au ar . th th f e ou a -
a e s a o e s ou o
t h C pi n
e as a .
1
i xl iii
DZA , . v .
2
Id . 11 . 2 86 .
Th r ig n f K i K at will pp r
3
e e o a is a ea in V o l I I . . of thi tr n l ti s a s a on,
wh P rt I I
e re s e e a .
WPT i 8 84
4
,
. 2, .
5
ii
DZA ,
. 226 .
DZA ii
6
4 , . 11 .
7 WPT i ,
. 1 35 .
PI R DA U S I
’
TH E S H A H N A M A
’
34 0 OF
A ll matt e r s cl o s e o r o p e n M inrich ih r
.
,
B e fo r e h e cl o s e d h is e y e s s p ak e m u ch o f S am
, ,
A nd I t o o h av e a w ar m s u pp o rt e r in h im
Wh o — p al ad in and fav o u rit e —w atch e d o v e r
,
, .
Th e s o u n d o f ty m b al s r o s e wi t hi n t h e c o u rt ,
S u ch th at t h e gr e e n s e a h ad b e e n l es t th e r e in .
Th e m ag nat e s in Ira n w e n t o u t t o m e e t
Th e appr o achi ng tr o o p s di s mo u nt e d wh e n ne ar S am
, ,
A nd l e ft h is fath e r s fo o t s t e p s r e ckl e s s ly
’
.
”
“
H e h ath m ad e e arth a d e s e rt th e y pr o t e s t e d
, ,
H is fo r t u ne th at w as w ak e fu l is as l e e p .
H e w alk e th no t in wi s d o m s w ay t h e Gr ac e
’
,
O f G o d h ath l e ft h im . H o w w o u ld it b e if S am
With his s hr e wd m i nd w e r e s e at e d o n t h e thr o ne
H is fo rt u ne w ou ld r e g e ne r at e t h e w o rld ,
Bu t s am r e pli e d
W ou ld G o d appr o v e N au d ar h ath r oy al bl o o d
A nd s itt e th b e lt e d o n t h e r o y al s e at .
Up o n h e r If N au d ar h ath l e ft t h e w ay
.
Th e ir o n is no t s o r u s t e at e n y e t
-
The pri nt o f h is s o n s h o r s e s h o e b e my cr o w n
’
.
Bri ng h im g o o d fo rt u ne Y e ! r e p e nt y o u rs e lve s
.
”
O n e arth and fi re y o u r dw e lli ng pl ac e h e r e aft e r
,
-
.
Afr e s h th at pr o s pe ro u s fo o t e d p al adi n
-
r e ach e d
Th e pr e s e nc e o f t h e S hah h e ki s s e d t h e gr o u nd .
C am e t ax and trib u t e o u t o f fe ar o f S am ,
I n s pl e nd o u r and in u ndi s t u rb e d r e p os e ,
A nd M inuc h ih r t h e l u s tr e o f t h e thr o ne
, ,
O F PI R DA U S I
B o th t o t h e no bl e s and th e ir s o v e r e ign
W e nt with a r o b e o f h o no u r fr o m N au dar ,
S o m att e r s s t ay e d awhil e b u t h e av e n ab o v e ,
§ 2
A nd c o nt e m pl at e d w ar H e s p ak e at l arg e
.
, ,
Th e l e ad e r o f t h e h o s t H e al s o c all e d
.
H is s o n Afra s iyab wh o c am e in h as t e
, ,
A n d o th e r m e n o f n am e am ong t h e fo lk .
Wh o s e h e l m e t t o u ch e d t h e circl e o f t h e m o on ,
N e e r s p ak e a w o rd o f s u ch a w ar Or r e ad
’
, _
Th e b o o k o f v e ng e anc e in t h e ti m e o f p e ac e .
Tis b e tt e r fo r u s t o r e s tr ain o u rs e lv e s
’
I s as a li o n o n a h u nti ng day -
A n e l e ph ant o f w ar in b at t l e tid e -
.
S o wh e n t h e cr um pl e s kirt e d cl o u d s are g o ne
-
pl ai n
Giv e p as t u r e fo r t h e s t e e d s wh e n h e rb ag e ri s e th
,
I s gr e e n with c o rn th e n c ampu po n t h e pl ai n ;
,
A nd l e ad t h e wh o l e h o s t o nw ard t o A m u l ;
Tr e ad Dah is t an b e ne ath t h e h o r s e s h o o fs ’
Th e nc e M inach ih r d e p art e d t o t h e w ar
To t ak e r e v e ng e o n Tar th e n c e did h is p o w e r s
,
A nd by th at t o k e n it is y o u r t u r n no w
To s e nd t h e d u s t u p fr o m th e ir no bl e s h e ads
’
.
Th e r e fu g e o f t h e ar m y o f Ira n
Was M inachih r and h e ad o r ne d t he thro ne
,
.
Gars h as p M ay y e s o tr e at th e m o n t h e fi e ld
.
A s t o r ej o ic e o u r fath e r s s o u l s and b u r n
’
O u r fo e me n s h e ar t s
” ’
.
3
H ow A fi as iy ab '
With m ac e m e n fr o m t h e W e s t e rn l and s —a h o s t
.
With o u t a m id dl e o r an e nd with al
Th e fo rt u ne o f N au dar w as y o u ng no l o nge r .
Karan wh o l o ve d t h e fr ay w as ge ne r al
, , ,
Fo r S am th e y h e ard
”
“
,
is d e ad and zal is b u s i e d
,
“
,
”
Ab ou t t h e o b s e qu i e s .
Afra s iyab
Was pl e as e d p e rc e iv e d th at fo rt u ne w as awak e
, ,
34 6 TH E S H A H N A M A OF
Wh o k no w e th h o w t o r e ck o n u p h is h o s t ?
G o c o u nt a th o u s and o e r fo u r h u ndr e d ti m e s
’
.
A nd c e rt es th e y w e r e w arlik e c av ali e r s .
N au dar s wh o l e h o s t is as a qu arry t o u s
’
A nd S am is d e ad I fe ar e d no ne in Ira n
.
z al is e ngage d u po n t h e o b s e qu i e s
A n d h ath no t fo o t o r fe ath e r fo r t h e fight .
”
I s b e s t fo r u s ; o cc as i o ns will no t w ait .
Th e c amel s pr e ad it s wi ng s and w e n t ap ac e
T o ward P as h ang t h at king o f s u nlight gr ac e
, .
§ 4
Th e v an a pp e ar e d in fro nt o f Dah is t an
A s m o rn r o s e o e r t h e hill s Th e ar m i e s c am p e d
’
.
A nd vi e w e d t h e c am p e n cl o s u r e o f N au dar
'
“
H o w l o ng mu s t all o u r pro w e s s b e c o nc e al e d 7
TH E S H A H N A M A OF P I RDA U S i
My h e art h ath b e e n in ang u is h fr o m t h e ti m e
O f bl e s s ed M imic hihr u ntil thi s day .
N o m o r t al p as s e th i nt o h e av e n aliv e ,
M an is d e ath s qu arry ; o ne t h e s ci m it ar
’
M ak e m e a r o y al ch ar ne l in y o u r l o v e ,
Give m u s k r o s e w at e r c am ph o r fo r my h e ad
,
-
, ,
My b o dy t o t h e pl ac e o f e ndl e s s s l e e p .
We ll h ad s t th o u h e ld al o o f fo r ti m e it s e lf ,
Th e s k y Ku bad r e pli e d , ,
Th at ti m e is no t ill ti m e d at any ti m e
-
.
Th e vict o ry w as Bar m a n s w h o as h e r o d e
’
flushe d
With prid e and s ati s factio n c am e Barm a n
B e fo r e Afra s iyab wh o g av e h im gift s
,
”
Tho u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Earth s h ak e th
“
.
Th e n Kar an
Th e w arri o r r u s h e d fo rth and G ars iw az ,
H u g e as an e l e ph ant c o nfro nt e d h im
, .
W e re hidd e n by t h e du s t cl o u d s o f t h e h os t
-
S w o rd s di am o nd bright and s p e ar h e ad s s t e e p e d in g o r e
S h o ne m id t h e d u s t —d u s t lik e a r ai ny cl o u d
- -
Wh e r e thr o u gh v e r m ili o n dr o pp e th fr o m t h e s u n ,
Wh e r e e r Kar an u rg e d o n h is s t e e d t h e s t e e l
’
H is Di am o n d s h e dd e th C o r al N ay s h e d s o u l s
.
, .
’
Th e y fo u ght till night r o s e o e r t h e hill s and th e n ,
H e c am e t o t h e p avili o n o f N au dar ,
Wh o o n b e h o ldi ng h im le t t e ar s d o w n fall
Fr o m w e ary e ye lid s th at h ad s e e n no s l e e p ,
A n d s aid : “
S i nc e S am t h e h o r s e m an di e d my s o u l
H ath no t gri e ve d thu s Live th o u fo r e v e r m o r e
.
,
”
I h av e r e s ig ne d t o d e at h Kar an r e pli e d
, ,
My d o u ghty b o dy e v e n fr o m my birth .
’
Tw as Faridii n th at pu t my h e l m e t o n
’
Th at I m ight tr e ad t h e e arth t o av e ng e Ir aj ,
A nd hith e rt o I h av e no t l o o s e d my girdl e ,
P I R DA U S I
'
TH E S H A H N A M A OF
‘
3 50
N or l aid as id e t h e s w o rd o f s t e e l My br o th e r .
H e u s e d s o m e m agic and my k e e n e y e s 10 s t
Th e ir vi s i o n night c am e o n and all w as d ark
, ,
Th e E nd h ath c o m e Th e s k y w as o v e rc as t
’
.
,
A nd w e w e r e fo rc e d t o qu it t h e b attl e fi e ld
B e c au s e t h e tr o o p s w e r e s p e n t and it w as d ark .
Th e o pp o s i ng h o s t s r e p o s e d a whil e and wh e n ,
Th e m o rr o w d aw ne d b e g an t h e s trife ag ain .
H is ar m y o pp o s it e Th e s u n h ath s e t
.
“
,
O f h o rs e m e n . Mid t h e w ar cri e s no ne c o u ld t e ll
-
A m o u nt ai n fr o m a pl ain h o s t gr appl e d h o s t
,
Th e y s tr o v e t o g e th e r s p e ar c o nfu s e d with s p e ar ;
,
N o s e rp e n t s e v e r writh e d t o ge t h e r s o ;
H o w c ou ld ki ng s b attl e th u s
Th e y fou ght t ill night .
OF
R os e fr o m t h e c am p e ncl o s u r e s m id t h e din
-
O f tr u m p and I ndi an b e ll t h e ty m b al s s ou nd e d
,
Th e ir ir o n h e l me t s N o ne h ad th ou ght o f s l e e p
.
Th e s w o rd s and d ou bl e h e ad e d d art s
-
Th e e arth .
Kar an w as m ar s h al o f t h e c e ntr al h o s t
Wh e r e t o t h e S hah and h e w e re t o w e r s o f s tr e ngt h .
Fr o m m o rning till t h e s u n h ad l e ft t h e d o m e ,
Th o u w o u ld s t h av e s aid : Th e s w o rd s h e art is
“ ’
en
large d
A nd ea rth is gr o ani ng u nd e r ne ath t h e s t e e d s .
A nd as h is fo rt u ne s s ank t h e T u rk m ans r o s e
’
.
Up o n t h e s id e wh e r e b o ld S hapur w as s t ati o ne d
Th e r ank s w e r e br o k e n and t h e tr o o p s dis p e rs e d ,
Bu t h e m ai n t ai ne d h is p o s t till h e w as s l ai n .
Th e Ira ni ans fo rt u ne t u r ne d aw ay it s h e ad
’
N o w s i nc e N au dar h ad r e fu g e d in t h e h o ld ,
Wh e r e h o rs e m e n c o u ld no t ac t Afra s iyab ,
Al o n t h e d e s e rt r o u t e t o Pars fo r th e r e
f
-
Th e ranians h o m e s w e r e s it u at e and m e n
’
We nt in as tw e r e a l e o p ard t o N au d ar
’
A nd by t h e l e av e o f t h e vict o ri o u s S hah
I will p u r s u e with s p e e d T h o u h as t a riv e r
.
,
S t ay th o u ; b e no t c o nc e r ne d Th o u c ans t d e fe nd .
”
Fo r m o narch s s h o u ld b e b r ave .
N au d ar r e pli e d
N o t s o t h e h o s t h at h no ne lik e th e e t o l e ad th e m
, .
’
Tw as fo r o u r h o m e s th at T ris and G u s t aham
W e nt fo rth at b e at o f dr u m and th e y will r e ach ,
Th e w o m e n in g o o d ti m e s u ch is th e ir s p e e d , ,
”
A n d t ak e t h e ne e d ful s t e p s .
Th e mighty me n
2
TH E S H A H N A M A PI R DA U S I
’
3 54 OF
W e nt t o t h e s l e e pi ng ch am b e r o f t h e S hah
-
Wh e n S hah N au dar w as w e ll b e m u s e d h e w e n t
B e hi nd h is c u rt ains m e dit ati ng v e ng e anc e ,
A nd th o s e br av e ch 1 e fs — t h e Ira ni an c av ali e r s
D e p art e d in dis o rd e r fr o m t h e c o u rt
To as s e m bl e at t h e q u art e r s o f Kar an ,
Th e s p e ar u p o n t h e pl ai n o r r e s t in pe ac e
N o w wh e n th e s e thr e e—S h idus h Kis h w ad Kar an , ,
H ad t ak e n c o u ns e l fo r t h e wh o l e e m pris e ,
”
C as tl e 1.
Th e r e fo u nd th e y G u z hdah am t h e c as t e ll an
T o g e th e r with h is w atchfu l w arri o r s
B e l e agu e r e d by B ar m a n w h o h e ld t h e r o ad ,
A nd e r s t h ad wr u ng t h e h e art o f br av e Kar an
Wh o e ag e r t o ave ng e h is br o th e r s bl o o d
,
’
A nd m ad e fo r Par s Th e b r av e Bar m a n w as w ar e
.
A nd lik e a li o n m e t him o n t h e w ay .
N o w wh e n Kar an s aw m id t h e d u s t o f figh t
Th at m an o f bl o o d h e gr appl e d with h is fo e ,
, ,
Bu t cl o s e d at o nc e i nv o ki ng G o d fo r s u cc o u r
, ,
A nd pi e rc e d t h e T u rk m an s girdl e with a j av e li n
’
1
S ee n i tr o du ct ry n t
o o e t o t he pr i
e v ou s r ig n
e .
TH E S H A H N A M A . OF
‘
P I RDA USi
Alth o u gh thy h e ad m ay t o u ch t h e cl o u d s it m u s t ,
H av e in t h e e nd it s pl ac e am id t h e d u s t .
”
Afra s iyab g av e o rd e rs S e arch h e s aid , ,
Th e c av e s t h e hill s t h e w at e r s and t h e w as t e
, , ,
Th at fi e rc e Kar an m ay no t e l u d e o u r tr o o ps .
”
Bu t h e aring th at Kar an h ad g o ne t o s av e
Th e w o m e n h e w as f u ri ou s Le t Bar m a n .
,
”
Th e y t o ld t h e m o narch h o w Kar an h ad s e rv e d
Bar m a n and br o u ght h im fr o m his s t e e d t o d u s t ;
,
”
W e ll fu rni s h e d and t ak e v e ng e anc e fo r t h e l o s t
,
1
.
So Wi s a chi e f o f t h e
'
,
tr o o p s Taranian ,
D e p ar t e d with a no bl e v e ng e fu l ar my , ,
A nd s aw b e fo r e h e o v e rt o o k Kar an
H is l o v e d s o n lyi ng s l ai n h is b anne r r e n t , ,
H is k e ttl e dr u m s o e rt u rn e d h is s hr o u d o f bl o o d
’
1
Rea d n i g with P .
N A U DA R
Th u s lik e a t o rr e nt Wis a r u s h e d al o ng
A nd s h e d c al am ity thr o u gh o u t t h e w o rld
H e m arc h e t h o n in triu m ph gl o ri o u s ly ,
S u ch w as t h e ne w s th at r e ach e d Kar an wh o s e n t
.
,
H is Ar ab h o r s e m e n fo r ward t o N im ru z
A nd fo ll o w e d th e m hi m s e lf—t h e S u n o f e arth
N ow whe n fr o m Par s h e r e ach e d t h e w as t e a d u s t—
.
cl o u d ,
App e ar e d u p o n h is l e ft and fr o m t h e d u s t
,
Th e T urkm an chi e f le d o n h is h o s t B o th ar m i e s .
O u r thr o ne is gr av e n o n th e ir p al ac e s ,
My bl ank e t o n t h e w at e r s 1
N e ith e r fe ar
.
R e v e nge o n h im will t ak e it no w o n th e e ,
”
A nd s h o w the e h o w br av e w arri o r s fight .
Th e y u rg e d
Th e ir ch arg e r s o n t h e cl ari o ns bl ar e d d u s t r o s e
, ,
Bu t W is a t u r ne d aw ay and fl e d t h e fi e ld
Whe r e m any a chi e f h ad fall e n y e t Kar an ,
P u r s u e d no t VVis a br o k e n by m i s fo rt u ne
.
, ,
1
I . e .
,
I c rt d
ou ang e r .
TH E S H A H N A M A P I R DA U S I
’
OF
59
H o w S hamas as and K haz ar wan i nv aded Z dbu lis tan
Th e e xp e di t i o n fr o m I r man w e nt fo rth
Ag ains t zab u l and S h am as as adv an c e d
,
N o w zal w as at t h e b u ri al pl ac e e r e cti ng -
To S h am as as . Wh e n this m an r e ach e d t h e c am p
H e g av e h is m as t e r s gr e e ting s s ayi ng th u s
’
Fo r e v e r m ay t h e m o narch o f T ara n
C o nti nu e bright o f h e art and w e ar t h e cro w n .
Z ahh ak t h e Ar ab w as m i ne an c e s t o r ,
A nd littl e do I l o ve m in e o v e rl o rd ,
I dw e ll within t h e p al ac e r u li ng all ,
z ab u lis t an
. Wh e n w e n t wh e l me d with gri e f
To b u ry s am m y h e art r ej o ic e d and I ,
Th e fam o u s p al adi n fo r ti m e t o s e nd
Afra s iyab a pr u d e nt c am e l e e r ;
’
Twill s h o rt e n m att e rs if h e k no w my m ind .
, ,
B e fo r e h is thr o ne r e s ign t o h im my r e al m
, ,
A n d j o y in h im I will n o t v e x t h e paladm
.
OF USI
”
No ne o th e r s h o o t e th with s u ch s h afts as th e s e .
Cri e d S h am as as : O Kh az arwan th ou Li o n ! ,
H ad s t th o u no t b e e n r e m i s s in fight no t d allie d ,
”
z al h ad no t tr o u bl e d th e e .
Th e n Kh az arwan
H e is b u t o ne no t A hri m an o r ir o n
, .
Wh e nas t h e bright s u n cr o s s e d t h e v au lt w e r e
h e ard
Dr u m s o n th e pl ai n and in t h e city s o u nd s ,
H e le d t h e ar m y fo rth u p o n t h e pl ai n ,
Wh e r e h o s t e nc o u nt e r e d h o s t and m ad e t h e w as t e
A s tw e r e a d ark s o me m o u nt ai n with t h e d u s t
’
.
A bl o w th at br ak e h is fam e d c u ir as s Wh e n zal .
H is h e ad w as wr o th h is bl o o d w as u p h e br andi s h e d
, ,
To ch all e ng e fig h t a r o ari ng L i o n h e , ,
B e fo r e t h e h o s t zal h ad no s o o ne r r ai s e d
.
Th e r e e k o f fight th an Kh az arw an w as o n h im
A s q u ick as d u s t whil e zal in fu ry ch arg e d
,
Th e n fl u nghim d o wn tro d o n h im p as s e d al o ng
, ,
A nd le d t h e ar m y fo rw ard t o t h e pl ai n ,
Bu t S h am as as c am e n o t h is bl o o d w as chill e d .
z al n e xt d e s cri e d Ku lb ad am id t h e d u s t
A nd s h o u ld e r e d h is s t e e l m ac e Th e r e o n Ku lb ad
.
,
E nd e av o u r e d t o e s c ap e h is fo e man s s ight
’
S tr u ck full u p o n t h e girdl e o f Ku lb ad
A girdl e th at w as wr o u ght o f li nk s o f s t e e l
A nd pinne d him t o t h e p u m m e l thr o u gh t h e l o ins .
Pr e s s e d by t h e s o ldi e rs o f z ab u lis t an
A nd by Mihrab . Th e fi e ld w as s u ch with c o rp s e s
Th at th o u h ad s t s aid Th e tr o o p s are cr amp e d fo r
room .
”
Wh e n S h am as as h ad r e ach e d t h e o p e n pl ai n
Kar an t h e s o n o f Kaw a c am e in s ight
, ,
R e tu rni ng fr o m p u r s u i ng VV1 s a s h o s t
’ ’
Wh o s e no bl e s t h e h ad s l ai n s o e as ily .
Th e ar m i e s m e t t o g e th e r S h am as as
,
M e t with Kar an t h e l o v e r o f t h e fr ay
, ,
Th e y w e r e r e tr e ati ng fr o m z ab u lis t an ,
B ad e tr u m p e t s s ou nd and o ccu pi e d t h e r o ad .
Thu s h o s t e nc o u nt e r e d h o s t Th e p al adi n
.
S aid t o h is tr o o p s Y e m e n o f no bl e nam e
“
OF
'
A nd m ay y e rob t h e fo e of life .
With cri e s
O f m add e ne d e l e ph ant s th e y s e i z e d th e ir s p e ars ,
Which m ad e a r e e d b e d o f t h e b attl e fi e ld
~
A nd v e il e d t h e s u n and m o o n H e lightly s l e w
.
Th o s e T u rk m an tr 0 0 p s and fl u ng th e m o n t h e tr ack ,
F e ll o n t h e w o u nd e d and t h e pri s o ne r s ,
A nd s e nt th e ir d u s t u p t o t h e s hi ni ng s u n ,
H ow N au dar was s la in by A fr as iy ab
N au d ar is in my pri s on y e t my fri e nd s
,
A re vil e ly s l au ght e r e d th u s ! Wh at c an I do
Bu t s h e d h is bl o o d and giv e n e w c au s e for fe u d ?
H e w as e nr ag e d an d cri e d : Wh e r e is N au dar
“
,
Fo r Wi s a c all e th for r e v e ng e o n h im 7
'
”
“
Th at I m ay t e ach him w ar .
N au d ar o n h e aring
Kne w th at his ti m e w as c o m e A cl am o r ou s thr o ng
.
A nd h al e d h im b ar e b o th h e ad and fo o t fo rd one , ,
I n s h am e fu l plight b e fo r e t h e Cr o c o dil e .
OF
H o w Z al h ad Tidings f
o the Deat h o f N a ndar
Th e gr e at pu t d u s t and e ar t h u p o n th e ir h e ad s ,
With bl o o d s t ai ne d ch e e k s and d u s t u p o n th e ir h e ad s
-
.
0 gr e at j u s t m o narch w e ar e r o f t h e cr o w n
, ,
Th e gu ardi an o f Ira n t h e pr o p o f no bl e s
, ,
I n wh o m t h e s t o ck o f F ar id an s u r v i v e d ,
Bu t w e will dr aw o u r s w o rd s o f w at e r e d s t e e l ,
Will go t o s e e k r e v e ng e and s l ay t h e fo e :
S o arm y e and r e viv e t h e anci e nt fe u d .
Th e h e av e n is s u r e ly wit h u s in o u r gri e f ;
I t s e y e s r ai n t e ar s o f bl o o d fo r v e ry r u th .
NA UDA R
Fo r in r e v e ng e for ki ngs it is no t we ll
Th at e y e s s hou ld s t int th e ir t e ar s o r h e arts th e ir r ag e .
A nd b u r nt as t h o u gh u p o n a r agi ng fi re ,
My pl ac e a s tirr u p and a d u s ky h e l m
Th e cr o w n u p o n my h e ad Th e r e is no r e s t
.
O r s l u m b e r in thi s fe u d N o s tr e am c an m atch
.
Th e riv e r o f m i ne e y e s O h ! m ay t h e s o u l
.
A nd m ay t h e L o rd o f e arth b e s t o w o n y o u
A s o u l fo r F aith and du ty All o f u s .
A re b o r n t o die ; it is o u r lo t wh e r e t o
We yi e ld o u r ne cks .
”
N o w wh e n t h e c aptive s h e ard
Th e Ira ni ans are u p o n t h e m arch fo r v e ng e anc e ,
Th e y s e nd o u t c am e l e e r s o n e ve ry s id e ,
S u ch w as th e ir t e rr o r o f Afra s iyab .
A m e s s ag e fr o m th e m c am e t o Ighriras
0 m an o f m ighty p u rp o s e fam ou s chi e f ! ,
We l iv e z al as tho u kno w e s t is at h o m e
.
, ,
M e n lik e B ar z in Kar an t h e W
,
arri o r ,
op
N ow wh e n th e s e w arri o r s wh e e l ab o u t u s h e r e
A nd br andi s h th e ir s h arp l anc e s in h is s ight
Th e gr e at Afra s iy ab will b e e nr ag e d ,
A nd fo r h is cr o w n s s ak e h e will bri ng t o d u s t
’
Th e h e ad s o f all o u r bl am e l e s s c o m p any .
I f pru d e n t I gh riras s e e fit t o fr e e u s
We will di s p e r s e pr ai s e h im b e fo r e t he gr e at
,
A nd m ak e th ank s givi ng u nt o G o d fo r h im .
’
Tw e r e a fo e s ac t ; thi s h u m an A hri m an
’
W ou ld b e i nc e ns e d I will no t t ak e o th e r o rd e r
.
S o th at m y b r o th e r m ay no t t u rn u p o n m e
I n v e ng e anc e I f no w z al is k e e n fo r w ar
.
E v ac u at e A mu l fo rb e ar t o fight
,
A nd bri ng t o i nfam y my h o no u r e d h e ad .
Fo r Rai and s o s o me o ne o f u s m ay s c ap e
,
”
Th e Dr ag o n s cl u tch
’
.
Th e c ou ri e r r e ach e d zab u l
A nd m ad e t h e gl ad ne w s k no w n t o 2 21 w h o c all e d ,
Th e no bl e s t o ld th e m all th e n s aid :
,
My fri e nds , ,
3 68 OF
”
Fo r wi s d o m ne v e r m ingle t h wi t h r e v e ng e .
v . 2 78 H e ans w e r e d . Wh e n th o u h as t t h e p o w e r t o h arm
F e ar G o d and do it no t fo r cr o w n and girdl e
,
Fo r e v e r
.
Th e o t h e r wi s e ; and h o w s h o u ld wi s d o m fi t
D ivs h e ad s A t h is r e ply t h e chi e ft ai n r agi ng
’
.
,
A nd c u t h is br o th e r d o w n ; th at m an o f wi s d o m
A nd g o o d ne s s p as s e d aw ay zal h e ard and s aid
.
,
H e bl e w
Th e tr u m p e t s b o u nd t h e ty m b al s o n arr ay e d
, ,
Th e ar m y lik e t h e e y e o f c h anticl e e r
A nd w e n t t o w ard Par s in ang e r and r e v e ng e
, ,
e ne d
’
Tw as th u s u ntil t w o s e nn ight s p as s e d aw ay ,
A nd h o r s e and fo o t w e r e w e ary o f t h e fr ay .
ZA V ,
TH E S ON or TA H M A S P
HE RE IG N E D FI VE YE A RS
GU M EN T AR
A ft r t h x c ti n f N d t h thr n r m i n f Whil
e e e e u o o au ar e o e e a s or a e
c nt hi n T i nd G t h m b i ng c n i d r d nw r thy
va a ,
s so s rs a us a a e o s e e u o
to cc d Z by t h d ic f z al i m d S h ah Th w
su ee . av , e a v e o ,
s a e . e ar
a ggr t d b y dr ght nd c n q nt f mi n B th i d b c m
av a e ou a o se ue a e . o s es e o e
ea g r f p c which i cc f lly n g ti t d r in f ll nd
e or ea e, s su ess u e o a e ,
a a s a
Z avdi es.
NO E T
Zav is de s cri b ed in t he S hah nam a as t he s on of Tahm as p and
Th p i n g r f T i n d G t h m t h n f N nd r n
e as s ove o rs a us a a ,
e so s o a a ,
o
th e xpr gr nd f th ir nfi t n
e ess n t b i ng p
ou d f o e u e s s , as o e os s e s se o
t h di i n G r c
e v f r ig nty
e m t fi nd it j tific ti n in
a e o s ove e ,
see s o s us a o
wh t w l rn f th ir ch r ct r l t r n t ll
a e ea o nt in t h e a a e s a e o ,
a a e ve s e
a b r b t n cc f l g n r l G t h m lm t dr p t f
av e u u su ess u e e a . us a a a os o s ou o
th ep m nd hi pl c i t k n by n th r h r f t h m
oe a s a e s a e a o e e o o e sa e
n m a G t h m th
e, n usf G h d h m —t h c t ll n
a a f th e so o az a a e as e a o e
Whi t C tl e as e .
T i i r pr nt d
rs s lw y r ntf l f t h light p t p n
e e se e as a a s e se u o e s u u o
him ; it i n d c him t pp t h cc i n f K i K h r
u es o o os e e a ess o o a us au ,
1
WPT , i . 1 36 .
2
DZA , 11. 2 2 1 .
2 A
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
O F PI R DA U S I
and s u b s e qu e n tly
k t h npr k d tt ck which r lt
to ma e e u o vo e a a e su s
in t h d th f F
e id th t S h ah b r th r
ea o arr ,
a
’
s o e .
I n t h t rm f t h t r ty f p c b t w n Z
e e s o n d A f ra
e siyab ea o ea e e ee av a ,
which m k t h J h n t h b nd ry b tw n Iran n d T i an w
a e e r u e ou a e ee a rr ,
e
Th A r
e w r lly m n t
as as ea ea .
1
Dr ght n d f min
ou fr q nt ph n m n n t h t bl l nd
a a e are e ue e o e a i e a e -
a
o r
f I an .
g 1
Z av is e lect ed S hah
A nd r e ti nu e ab o u t Afra s iyab ,
S kill e d in t h e l o r e o f e ld Th e h o s t re s e m b le t h .
O h ! h ad b u t ri s and G u s t ah am t h e Gr ac e
‘
.
We l ack no t tr o o p s b u t m e n h o w e v e r n o bl e , , ,
Th at h av e no t pru d e nc e m e rit no t t h e cr o w n ,
A m an o f Gr ac e thro u gh wh o s e w o rd s wi s d o m s hi ne th .
Th e y fo u nd no ne o f t h e s e ed o f Faridrin
Bu t Z av s o n o f Tah m as p with m o narch s m ight
’
, ,
”
Accl ai m th e e as t h e S hah O w o rthy o ne ! ,
1 S e e In tr od . p .
71 .
’
TH E S H A H N A M A O F F I R DA U S I
A nd ea rth r e c o v e r e d c o l o u r s c e nt and b e au ty ;
, ,
M e n s e t u p fe as ti ng pl ac e s e v e rywh e r e
-
H IS RE I G N WA S N IN E Y E A RS
AR G U M EN T
O n t he de a th of Zav his son G ars h as p su cc e e ds t o t he th r o ne ,
and :A frasi
y pp rt nity t r n w t h w
ab G ha p
se z e s i t he o o u o e e e ar . ar s s
him lf di nd t h Irani n b i ng h rd p r d pp l t z sl
se e s, a e a s e a esse a ea o ,
w h pr m i
o th t h i n R t m h ll c m t th ir i t nc
o se s a s so us a s a o e o e as s s a e.
Th p t th n t ll h w z al g S am m c t R t m h w t h ’
e oe e e s o av e s a e o us a ,
o e
l tt r w n hi ch rg r R kh h nd h w z al l d t h h t g i n t
a e o s a e a s ,
a o e e os a a s
A f ra iyab nd s nt R t m t f t h K i K bad f r m M nt
,
a se us a o e c a u o ou
A lb r t b S h ah in
u z cc i n t G ha p
o e su es s o o ars s .
NO E T
I n t he l t K it dad N k
s u mm a ry in t h e Dink ard of t he os ra as
m n ti n i m d
e f K
o a p w h i p l c d b t w n K i K b ad
s a e o e re s s ,
o s a e e ee a u
gr t h r f wh m n cc nt h b n gi n in t h i nt r
ea e o, o o a a ou as ee ve e o
d t y n t t F id i n nd if
uc or pp r ntly w m t i d ntify
o e o ar r ,
a so a a e e us e
G ha p t h t n th S hah w it h h im
a rs s ,
w ll I n t h S h ahnam
e e ,
as e . e a,
b f r K i K b ad t h fir t S h ah f t h K iani n dyn ty nd
e o e a u ,
e s o e a a as , a
m k a h im t h
es n f th pr c di ng S hah Z nd t h l t f t h
e so o e e e av a e as o e
Pi hdadi n
s H i p r n lit y h d l r dy
a s w h
. n in t h s e so a a a ea ,
as e av e s e e e
n t o b r f rr d t b c m plit p nd hi r ig n i bl nk
e a ove e e e o, e o e s u ,
a s e s a a so
far ash i c nc r n d e
'
s o e e .
Th r d r will n t R t m r f r nc t bi h p cti ng ’
e ea e o e us a s e e e e o s o s a as
c t ll n I n t h w r b tw n t h E t rn R m n E m pir nd
as e a s .
2
e a s e ee e as e o a e a
1
WPT, iv . 28 .
‘
1
p .
3 78 .
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
O F PI R DA U S I
t he S as anians , bi s ho ps
th r ccl i tic ft n t k y an d o e e e s as s o e oo a. v e r
i m p rt n t p r t in t h d f nc f b i g d citi
o a a Th S J m
e e e e o es e e e s. us . a es,
t h Bi h p
e f Ed
s o t k l di ng p r t in
o r l cc f l
e s s a, oo a ea a s e ve a su ess u
d f nc
e e f N i i bi
es og i n t S p r I I Th f ct f t h ch rch
s s a a s a o .
1
e a o e u
milit nt th a b c m i m p r d n t h E t r n m i nd n d b y n
us e a e e s se o e as e ,
a a
a n ch r ni m n t
a o n c mm n w ith h im
s Fi rd i t r n f r t he
o u o o ,
au s a s e s
f hi
or c i n t t h thr n I t pp r d g in i ibly in t h
s ac ess o o e o e. a ea e a a v s e
s h p f m b f r t h cc i n f A d hi Pap k an t h fir t
a e o a ra e o e e a ess o o r s r a ,
e s
S h ah f t h S a an i n dy n ty
o e Wh n it q i tt d Y i m it fl w w y
s a as . e u e a e a a
in t h h p f bird
e s a e o a .
2
Afras iyab
S e n t u p t h e w ar cry l au nch e d h is s hip s and m ad e
-
Fo r Khar o f R ai b u t n o o ne br o u gh t t o h im ,
, ,
Wo u ld ne v e r l o o k u p on Afra s iyab
A nd le t t h e s hi ni ng s w o rd gr o w d u ll with r u s t ;
Alb e it m e s s e nge r s w e r e s e nt t o him
M o nth aft e r m o nt h b u t h e d e ni e d hi m s e lf , ,
A nd s a id : Wh at e v e r prin c e w e re o n t h e thr o ne
“
Bu t th o u art o ne t o s h e d a br o th e r s bl o o d
’
A nd fl e e b e fo r e t h e nu r s li ng o f a fo wl .
E S M 1 55—
1
1 64 ,
S intr d ct y n t t Jam hi d
.
2
ee o u or o e o s .
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
3 76 OF PI RDA U S I
A nd h o r s e m e n s h o w e d th e ir cru pp e rs no t th e ir r e ins , ,
At l e ngth my b ack is b e n t I wi e ld no m o re ,
I t gro w in v al o u r R u s t am b e i ng no w
,
.
A s tr aight s t e m m e d Cy pre s s w h o m t h e cr o w n o f gr e at
-
’
ne s s
B e c o m e th w e ll ; b u t h e m u s t h av e a ch arge r ;
Th e s e Ar ab h o r s e s will no t do fo r him .
I will s e e k o u t s o m e e l e ph anti ne s t e e d ,
Wh e r e v e r th e r e are h e rd s and s ay t o R u s t am
,
To gird thy l o i ns t o e x e c u t e r e v e ng e
Up o n t h e o ffs pring o f z ads h am ?
Ira n
Was gl ad o f h e art and blithe o f fac e as zal
S e nt c am e l p o s t s t o e v e ry qu art e r ar m e d
-
“
Mine e l e ph anti ne s o n a wh o l e h e ad t all e r
,
Th an o th e r m e n ! a w o rk o f t o il is t o w ard
To br e ak thy s l u m b e r s q u i e t and d e ligh t s
, , .
Bu t wh at o f th at Thi s is no t i m e fo r fe as t ing .
H o w s h all I s e n d th e e t o t h e b attl e fi e ld
Agains t t h e Li o ns and t h e m ighty m e n ?
N o w fo r thi ne ans w e r and m ay m aj e s ty
,
A nd g o o d ne s s b e thy m at e s .
Th e n R u s t am thu s
O no bl e princ e am biti o u s o f r e no w n !
,
2 85 G o o d s o o th th ou h as t fo rg o tt e n h o w I s h o w e d
GA RS H A S P 377
Th e o v e rthr o w o f Li o ns t h e p u r s u it
,
Bu t t is no t s o with w o m e n ; th e ir c o nc e r n
’
I s fo o d and s l e e p.
z al s aid : O g all an t y o u th ,
My h e art r ej o ic e th wh e n I h e ar th e e s p e ak
O f th at whit e e l e ph an t an d M o u nt S ipand ,
Fo r t ru ly s i nc e th at fi ght w as w o n with e as e
Why fe ar I fo r th e e no w ? A fra s iyab
A nd h is de s igns d e priv e m e o f m y s l e e p ,
Y e t c an I s e n d th e e t o c o nt e nd with o ne
Wh o is a g all an t king and l o ve t h b attl e ?
N o w is thy t im e fo r fe as t s and tw anging h arp s ,
, ,
O r s e ndi ng u p t h e e arth s du s t t o t h e m o o n
’
.
H e s aid : I am no t o ne fo r e as e and r e v e l .
’
Tw e r e b as e t o p am p e r in l u x u ri o u s ne s s
S u ch ar m s as th e s e and th e s e l o ng h and s o f m i ne
, .
Th at is o f w ate r e d h u e b u t raine t h g o r e ,
Whil e fr o m t h e s u b s t an c e o f it fl as h e t h fi re :
I t s h e ad s h all br u i s e t h e br ai ns o f e l e ph ant s ,
My qu iv e r wh e n I cl o th e my s e lf in m ail
1
I . s. , a ma c e of s e e t l .
3 78 TH E S H A H N A M A O F F I R DA U S I
My br e as t and ar m s and ne ck ne e d ne v e r fe ar ,
A bis h o p fo r th e ir c as t e ll an Th e r o ck s .
I n w ar and no t i m p ati e nt o f r e s tr ai nt
, .
I n e e d a m ac e t o o lik e a m o u nt ai n cr ag -
A nd wh e n th e y c o m e th o u gh I s h o u ld fight u nai de d
, ,
”
Th e ir bl o o d s h all r ain u p o n t h e b at t l e fi e ld .
”
H e will p o u r o u t h is s o u l H e th u s r e pli e d .
I n m e m o ry o f h im wh e r e with th o u s l e w e s t
,
”
Th e e l e ph an t Liv e e v e r p al adin !
.
,
z al o rd e r e d : Bri ng t h e m ac e e mpl o y e d by s am
“
Wh e n R u s t am s aw it
H e s m il e d with j oy c all e d bl e s s i ng s d o wn o n z al
, ,
Bu t n o w t o he ar m y p e r s o n m ac e and Gr ac e
, , , ,
”
I ne e d a s t e e d .
z al m u s e d at wh at h e s aid
A nd o ft i nv o k e d G o d s bl e s s ing o n h is h e ad
’
.
H o w R us tam c a u gh t R akhs h
A nd m any fr o m Kabu l t h e h e rd s m e n dr o ve th e m ,
TH E S H A H N A M A
'
3 80 O F PI R DA U S I
I s in t h e fighting h u m ou r s h e will r e nd
Th e h e art s o f li o ns and t h e hid e s o f p ard s .
Th e o ld m an s s ayi ng s o p e ne d R u s t am s e y e s
’ ’
H e c as t h is r o y al l as s o and e nt angl e d
Th e pi eb ald s h e ad
’
Th e nlik e a fu ri ou s e l e ph an t
.
Wh o r o ar e d as s av ag e li ons r o ar and s c ar e d h e r ,
Which g av e no t ; th o u h ad s t s aid : I t is no t fe lt “
.
Th e h e r o th o u gh t : Thi s is t h e m o u n t fo r m e
“ '
”
N ow I c an ac t .
H e m ou nt e d wi nd s wift as ,
Wh at 1 s thi s Dr ag o n s pric e o r wh o c an t e ll it
’
I f th o u art R u s t am s aid t h e h e rd
”
,
r e dr e s s ,
”
H e s aid : All g o o d is G o d s ’
.
B e n t o n r e v e ng e
H e s addl e d r u ddy R akh s h and giving him ,
Th e r e i n o b s e rv e d h is c o u r ag e s tr e ngth and bl o o d , , ,
Th e pi e b ald gr e w s o pr e ci o u s th at at night
Th e y b u rne d wild ru e t o right and l e ft o f h im
”
Fo r fe ar o f h ar m Th e y pr acti s e s o rc e ry
.
“
,
,
-
, ,
With r o u nd e d b u tt o ck s cl e v e r and w e ll p ac e d
, ,
.
.
G A R S H AS P 38 1
He Op e d his tr e as u ry d o o r g av e o ut d inars
-
, ,
N o r r e ck e d o f day o r m o rr o w W he n h e m o unt ed
.
3
H ow Z al led t he H os t agains t A frcis iy ab
A s p al adi n th e n v e t e r an w arri o r s
,
.
Th e tr o o p s s o s pr ead o e r p as s e s pl ai ns and d al e s
’
, ,
F ar e d o e r t h e d e s e rt t o t h e s c e ne o f w ar
’
A nd wh e n t h e ar m i e s w e r e t w o l e ag u e s ap art
zal c all e d t h e v e t e r ans and thu s h ar ang u e d th e m
,
Y e m e n o f wi s d o m w e ll appro v e n w arri o r s !
,
We h av e arr ay e d u s h e r e an am pl e h o s t
A nd with adv ant ag e s ; y e t with no S hah
U p o n t h e thr o ne o u r pl ant s w ant r e d e o u r t o il s ,
Was o n t h e thr o ne ne w gl o ry e ve r c am e ,
A nd no w w e ne e d a S hah o f r o y al s e e d
TH E S H A H N A M A PI RDA U S I
'
OF
A fu t u r e S hah o f Faridri n s o w n li ne ’
Th e e s c o rt go with s p e e d t o m o u n t Albu r z
, ,
Do h o m age u nt o K ai K u ba d b u t s t ay no t ,
We s e e no ne fitt e d fo r t h e r o y al cr o w n ,
O m o nar ch o u r d e fe nd e r ! b u t thy s e lf
’
.
,
Wh e n z al h ad s p o k e n m atchl e s s R u s t am s w e pt
-
I n q u e s t o f K ai K u bad A T u rk m an o u tp o s t
.
H e ld t he r o ad s tr o ngly b u t h e ch arg e d t h e fo e
,
A s ch am pi o n o f t h e h o s t with h is br av e tr o o p s ,
A r m e d with t h e o x h e ad m ac e H e br andi s h e d it
-
.
Bu t h ad t o fl e e t h e b attl e in t h e e nd .
H e s o rr o w e d at th e ir c as e c all e d o ne K u lri n , ,
A nd s aid t o h im Cho o s e ho r s e m e n fr o m t h e h o s t
“
,
3 514 TH E S H A H N A M A OF PI RDA US i
He
h u s r e pli e d t
Th e S ha h is th e r e a h o ly m an and no bl e
, .
O f Faridrin t h e j u s t and pr o s p e r o u s .
Dir e ct m e t o h im if ye w o t o f him .
”
Th e p e e rl e s s R u s t am h e ari ng thi s di s m ou nt e d
Lik e wind and h u rri e d t o t h e w at e r s e dg e
,
’
To wh e r e t h e fo lk w e r e s e at e d in t h e s h ad e .
Th e y o u th sat d o w n u p o n t h e thr o ne o f g o ld
A nd t aking Ru s t am s h and withi n h is o w n
’
Fill e d u p and dr ai ne d a g o bl e t To t h e Fr e e !
Th e n h and e d it t o R u s t am s ayi ng th u s ,
Th o u as k e s t m e O fam o u s w arri o r !
,
Ab o u t Ku bad wh e nc e k no w e s t th o u h is nam e
,
S aid R u s t am : Fr o m t h e p al adi n I c o m e
With j o yfu l ne w s Th e chi e fs h av e d e ck e d t h e thr o ne
.
G o with an e s c o rt u n t o m o u nt Alb u r z ,
Y e t t arry n o t b u t s ay :
,
Th e w arri o r s c all th e e
”
A nd h av e pr e p ar e d t h e thr o ne I f th o u h as t tidi ng s
.
”
I kno w m y li ne ag e fr o m s ir e t o s ir e .
Wh e n R u s t am h e ard h e b o w e d r o s e fr o m h is s e at ,
O f g o ld t o do o b e i s anc e and th u s s p ak
,
O r u l e r o f t h e r u l e r s o f t h e w o rld ,
Th e s h e lt e r o f t h e br av e and s t ay o f chi e fs !
GA R S H A S P 385
Gr e at e l e ph ant s b e t ak e n in thy t o il s .
Br av e Kai K u bad r o s e fr o m h is s e at i nt e nt ,
Up o n t h e s p e ak e r s w o rd s whil e p e e rl e s s Ru s t am
’
“
Th o u m i n d e s t m e o f gl o ri o u s F aridrin
F r R u s t am w as r ej o ic e d at s e e i ng h im
( o ) ,
”
Th e thr o ne o f ki ng s hip o r t h e r o y al cr o w n
, .
Th e i ns tr u m e nt s s tr u ck u p gr e at w as t h e j o y
, ,
A cr o w n bright as t h e s u n Th e y c am e t o m e .
A n d m ad e a c o u rt h e r e s u ch as ki ng s w o u ld h o ld ,
A s th o u p e rc e iv e s t by t h e riv e r s id e
,
-
.
H a d a pr o ph e tic s o u rc e N o w.l e t u s ri se
H e tr av e ll e d till h e r e ach e d t h e T u rk m an o u tp o s t s ,
Wh e n b o ld Ku lrin w ar e o f h is c o m i ng m arch e d, ,
h and s
U nh o r s e d t h e fo e and d as h e d th e m t o t h e gro u nd ,
Wh at wh il e h is fo e w as l o s t in w o nd e r m e nt ,
S p e ar e d h im and h avi ng r ai s e d h im fr o m h is s e at
Pu t d o w n t h e s p e ar s b u tt t o t h e gr ou nd Ku lrin
’
1
.
To d e ath Th e T u rk m an h o r s e m e n t u r ne d t o fl e e
.
nd b r h im l ft w iggli g n t h w p n p i t ( Om n
’
a o e a o r A Hi n o e ea o s o n . a , s
t ry f t h A t f W in t h M i ddl A g p
o o e r o ar e e es,
”
.
I N DEX
A h w a pl c 86 z , a e, 2
A l an ( A l ni ) p pl
s a , eo e, x m , 1 9,
’
BBAS I D dy n ty f 3 4
A S, as o , 1 . 1
A bbr i ti li t f 9 3
ev a o ns , s o ,
A lb r u z , mo u n t ina , x v, 4 , 71 ,
A b ti f th r f F id i n
n, a e o ar r ,
14 4 14 5 , 1 52 , 1 68, 2 3 5, 24 8, 2 50 ,
A b ri -
’
A li M u h a mm ad, S h ah nama A lx
e ande r , t he Gr t ( S ik
ea anda r) ,
o f, 69 14 , 4 9
A b ri Bakr Kh alifa 1 2 , , p r c t r f Z r tri ni
e se u o o o o as a s m ,
39 l g d ry b rri r f
e en a a e o ,
16
A b ri l ’ ’
A bb as F l b in A mad h p t rnity f 55
—
az , a e o ,
m i ni t rs e of Ma h
m ud, 30 3 2 ,
”
A li Kh lif
, 4 4 a a, 1 2 , 0 , 1 , 1 0 6, 1 0 7
36 c lt f 3 u o , 1
A bri l ’
Kas m i . Fird au s i ,
24 , 3 8, i n ti n f 3
as s as s a o o , 1
1 12 Fi d i rfr c r au s
’
s e e en es t o, 24 ,
A bri M ans ri r b in A b du r ’
-
R az z a k
6 7—
,
S h ah nama . o f, 70 , 99
’
A li D il am , fri e nd of Fird i au s ,
, 3 5. 3 9
pt
a ro n o f dau s Fir i , 29, 1 10 A ll ha h mm , Mu a ada n na me of
A b i T ali b
r ,
u n cl e of M u h am m a d, th ity 5 e De ,
0
A fra iy ab r l r
s , u e of Tri ran, x v, A nin Kh lif
r 4 , a a, 1
4 22 5 5, 7 2 3 3 7, , 34 2 3 69 3
,
A m l cit y
u 4 5 , , 1 , 1 77 , 2 89 , 2 98 ,
3 62 , 3 66 s e g , 3 74 . s e a, 38 1 ,
3 82 A nae s th tic e s, e m pl o y m e nt o f ,
2 3 6.
’
A frit g i , en e, 4 2 32 1 s eq .
t e r o f M ah mri d, 3 2 3 9 , 4 5 ,
A n im l a s, do me s tic ti a o n o f, 1 2 6
h
A ma d ib n M u a m m ad a on h , p tr A nt , t he p t pl
oe
’
s ea fo r t he ,
of Fird aus i , 29 20 1
A h 1 1 m a n,
'
5, 61 50 1 1 3 81 1 59 1 1 94 ,
A pt y a , V dic f rm
e o of A b ti n ,
2 87 g . v .
, 1 71 —1 74
ri dd n by T hm i a e a rr s, 1 25 A ab r ia , 1 89
A h ra M a da ( U m d)
u z r uz ,
235 an ci nt tr e ade o f, 11
3 90 [INDE X
A rabic l ang ag 3 2 , u e,
i nfr q nt in S hahnam 4 7
e ue a,
A ra ri e r 9
s, v , h hh
Ba man, S a , 4 2
c onf d with t h e O x 7 us e us, 1 B hram C h b i
a 4 ,
u na, 1
A rchit ct r in e nti on f 9
e u e, v o ,
12 , B hran G ir S h ah 4
a i r , , 2
1 33 B i ingh
a s Kh an h i L if ar , s e of
A rds h ir Pa p ka
a n, S a hh , 4 2, h i Pr f c t t h S hah nam
s e a e o e a.
62 64 -
6 7 68 -
A ri es, c
t ll ti n 8 8 3
o ns e a o , ,
10 , 335 Ba it al M uk addas , city , 1 61
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s ,
u e o rr ,
1 Baj , Z r tri
o o as an s y t m s e of my a
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z , e o ar r n, 1 4 2, ing , 80
14 6. 1 4 7, 14 8, 1 61 s eg .
, 1 66 , Ba k t w n 58 n t
u, o , o e
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s , 9 i trict ci i li ti n 7 v sa o ,
rl
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s ua e o a e a e
r f rr
e e ed to, 1 1 4 r t 57 ou e,
r t x rx
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s ea o e a a o f
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ve (the s ), Tigri 1 60 l g nd 6 e e , 0
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o o as e r s s u
’
ess u e va el
A ry n m ni g
a , ea n o f, 7 at , 61
rac 7 ; r l ti n f I di n
e, e a o s o n a as r h y m w rd e -
o , 74
br nch with I rani n 5
a a s , 1 r
Ba man, Tri ranian hr
e o , x v, 34 2,
A f ndiy a Ira i n h
s a 4 55 r, n a e ro , 2, 34 6 s ec . 3 54 3 56 ,
A hk ani n dy n t y 4 9
s a ,
as ,
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A k I ndi n ki ng 5
so a, a ,
1 c r m ni l 8
e e o a , 0
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ss a pn s, e a a s u o B r in fi
a z t m pl 3 7
,
re -
e e, 2
I anr , 10 B r i n I rani n h r
a z , 3 65 a e o,
A s tr l g r
o o e s, i mp rt nt o a fi gr u es Ba tan N am
s 66 6 7 a, -
in t h e S h ah nama, 52 , 2 51 ,
B h
az b rb f T i 3 8
,
su u o r s,
2 78 B d in
e ou 3 5 79 s, 1 , 1
( M anda) , 1 8 7 2 1 4 4 n r ck f
o 6 o o 1
—
, . ,
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o of Birmay a , c o w , 1 5 1 1 53 1 62
—
,
A bti n , g . v .
, 1 71 1 74 ihp
B s o , as as e an, 3 7 3 , 3 7 8 c t ll
A t ro pat ane , pr i nc ov e ( A z arb al Bis t ri n m ou , 3 2 8 , 3 79 nt i n a ,
n n i g , 7 3 . 2 4 8, 3 0 9 . 3 4 9 Bu nd hi h P hl i tr ti
a s 7 ,
a av ea s e, 0
A dit e s , A a
z e, 1 1 r b trib no t e , 9 1 , 9 2 , 1 1 7, 1 2 5, 1 3 1.
A z hi and A z i, de mo n, 1 4 2 . S ee 2 3 5, 2 3 6, 3 3 7 note . 3 38 ,
t o o D a a a and Zahhak h k 3 69
392 ,
I N DE X
i
D ram , o n ci ( dra m ) 8 1 ch , F ri
a dun, S a , x hh ii , mm 30 , 4 2,
82 , 1 30 , 20 9 1 70 , 2 78 , 2 86, 2 88, 3 2 9 , 3 3 5,
B l ck xii
a , , 82 , 1 1 7, 1 20 ,
121 , 3 4 1 , 3 4 9 3 5 1 , 3 64 , 3 70 , 3 8 2 , ,
3 8 4 , 3 85
B ndei r of t he ( Tah m uras ) , fl ag o f, 2 9 3 , 2 9 5
F rr di in Gr c Gl y 8
a , v e a e or or , 2
W hite , 82 F r ng m r f l ngth (p r
a sa , e as u e o e a a
i i i g
D v n n c u p, 5 1 ng ) 8
sa , 2
ch c i
Dra m, o n ( d ram) , 8 1 i F ud
ar f S iy aw h nd h lf
,
s on o us a a
F ri dun a86 as , 1 mo n 88 th , ,
1 3 3 2 63
f th K h f
o 3 5 96 e as a , 2 , 2 F ti
a m a dau ,
ght r e of Mu h amm ad
Dr g n chil d ( B udab ) 3 4 wi fe
’
a nd of A li,
’
a o s a ,
0 12
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’
ra a a, ov e s , az ,
s on of A
Dr m eari dic l 5 s, ve a , 1
’
A bbas F l az
3 71 au o t b i gr phic l r f r c
o a a e e en es
li
D u a s m , 5, 4 9 , 50 , 52 , 56 58 , o f, 2 4 s e q.
D un b a , r pl c
a e , 2 52 , 2 56 , N iz ami s
’
a cc oun t o f, 3 8, 4 5
D us t pr l c
e va e n e o f, in I rzi n 3
,
'
4 9 rf re e r ed t o , 3 73
tk a es u
p t h e S hah nam a on
E Dak iki
’
s de a th , 28
w rit es Y ti s u f
’
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ED ES S A , S . J ame s o f 3 74 ,
,
od c tr t
on as e d
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W ith H m r
e an ,
e, x v, 2 , ’
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o e s, 4 7
7 d l ti n h
o o 1
, , ,
hi of M a mud
E xi
s a u a o ,
u 6
ne , s e a , 1
m t ph r f chil dr n 78
30 1 12
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,
es,
80
e a
81 ,
o
1
or e ,
1 ,
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en u of t he A y
r ans ,
1 1 94
7 , 4 9 , 56
,
pri t gi
.
es s S ee M a .
r gi n
e 56 o o f,
H us h ang s d ic ’
s o ve ry o f, 1 23
F A G H F IJ R , dy nas
’
tic titl f t h e o e his i n tit ti n
s u o of f t
e as of
pri c
n e s of C n hi d M i h in an sc , ( S ada ) ,
1 23
2 62 Fi h
s , my th l gic l
o o a , 7 1 , 72 , 14 8,
F kk a ki d f dri nk
a a n o , 4 3 n ot e 2 52
Fl h m t i nt r d cti n f
,
F mi n
a d dr ght e an ou , in I an,
’
r es -
ea s , o u o o ,
3 70 , 3 7 1 ttrib t
a u e d t A hrim n 3 8 o a ,
1
I N DE X 393
F rt hill
o s, des i cr pti
o n o f, 2 3 6, 3 2 9
,
H
F ng y
ra ras an (A f as ya r i
b) , 3 38
fr i
F ras iy av ( A as y ab ) , 3 3 8 H a iy
’
,
s on of Ku t ib a , p tr
a on o f
H it ali n p pl
,
a a s, eo e , 20
H ama an c ntry 3 3 8 v ar , ou ,
G ki g f 3 3 8 n o ,
b ttl f
-
, ,
a e o ,
21
1 23
tr Ha n R hi d Kh lif
’
ru 4
u r as a a, 1
Gandare p, m o ns e , 1 4 3 , 1 72 1 73
-
H a hi m i d c nd nt fH a hi m
-
G g
an i Diz h u k h t , y, 1 6 1 , 2 2 6 cit s , a es e a o s ,
gr t gr ndf th r f
- -
G ars has p ( Ke re s as pa ) , 1 74 th e ea a a e o
G ars has p, I an an e o , 4 2 , 1 4 4 , r i
'
hr M h mm d 5 u a a ,
2
H au z 203
7, 2 1 2 , 2 1 4
20 2 39 ,
wk ticati n
,
chie f f m ix c
.
34 21 34 9 55
G a u mat a, Ma g us ( t he fl a se
i t 63 3
H ndus an, 1 ,
2 1 ,
261
G az h daham , t h e a s e an c t ll of
t f dy n ty
s ea o as ofA l M u nz ir,
hit tl
W e Cas e , 3 54 , 3 69 55
G l gic l t bl 9 —
e ne a o 9 a a es, 0 2
H irmu nd, ve 3 58 , 3 59 ri r ,
Gh ni cityaz 3 57 20
H o ma o r S o ma, 8 1 4 3 ,
Ghul rc r 4 so
,
e
,
ess ,
,
2
H o m e , h is e p r m e od c o n ic th
Gil ( Gilan) 3
,
2 1 us e d tr t F irdau s i s , 4 7 with ’
r cp
,
Gil an r gi 3 e o n, 2 0 H o o s o e s , 1 52
F i
,
o f t h e s o ns o f ar dun 1 8 8
G imirra S ee Kim me rians .
,
Gl r
o y t h e d v ne S ee a e ii Gr c o f 2 51 1, 2 5 1 , 2 78
t
.
,
G o be e e n, o ldtw
o man as , w 2 80 of Ru s am , 2 78 , 30 7
ri i r i
-
s e q. H ou , m a d o f Pa ad s e , 2 72
G o g and M a o gg 16 H u ns , 1 0 1 9 ,
h g hh
, ,
Glo de n ee e , Fl c l and o f t h e , 5 7 H us an , S a , x 1 1 4 , 2 , 1 2 2 , 1 2 6,
34 1
G m r S Kim m i
o e . ee e r ans
Gr c Gl ry th di i
a e or o , e v ne , 82 , 1 1 6,
I
I 3O 4 3S , 20 8, 2 3 7, 3 3 8 , 34 0 ,
B I
I L S , t he M u h ammadan De v il ,
xii 3 6 q , 1 se .
v s i i bl pp r nc e a ea a e s o f, 82 , 1 30 cc i n l b tit ti n f f
o as o a su s u o o or
Ahri m 5 7 an , 0 , 0
Gr k ee s, 10 , 14 I d i Kurdi f
’
- -
t f 43 , e as o ,
1
Gudarz ,
I an
’
r i an h r e o, 4 2
5 5 3 3 7, 3 4 3 s e a , 3 4 7
x v, , ,
G u s htas p, S a , 4 2 , 6 1 hh 3 63 s e a , 3 74
Gu s t aham , s o n o f N anda r, 351 , gr
I ma e y , o f S hahnama , 72
3 53 , 3 64 , 3 69, 3 7o rp
I ndo E u o e an a e , it s d v s o ns
-
rc i ii ,
G u s t ah am, s o n o f G az hdaham , 7
3 69 I ndus , 7 1 , 2 52
3 94 I N DE X
3 95 J u pite r pl ane t 72 1 6 1, , , ,
1 88 , 2 8 1
I
’
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1 95
-
20 51 21 7)
3 35 34 9 ,
na m n o f, i g 1 88 K
da u g ht r e o f, xiii 20 5, 20 6 K A B LL, city 2 56, 2 62 ,
‘
,
57 , 2 34
ram garde n
, ,
I ran 1 89, 3 64
52 53 2 98, 3 78
x v, 1 1 3, 1 1
, , ,
30 0 , 30 2
and p as s im Kab u lis t an, c o un try 1 5, 2 52 , 2 63 ,
b o u ndari e s ch r ct r
,
and a a e
is t ic s , 3 s eq .
i d l try i o a n, 1 6, 2 58
gr l icc ti a du a de s a o n o f, 3 th B ty e e au of ( Kudaba ) 3 0 2
dr ght ndf m in
,
ou a a e i n, Kadi iy y b ttl
s a, a e o f, 1 2, 14 3
a l nd f c ntr ta o o as s , 5, 58 , 60 R ht a d
a rt n, ese 2 87
Ar b c n t f
,
I
’
u inians , t h e , 9 pas S im -
Kaianii s h, b ro
’
th r f F i du
e o ar n,
th ir hi t ric l r l ti n with
e s o a e a o s
58 s e q
1
S mit ; Gr k
.
th e e es, 10 ee s i
K a d, dy nas y o f, 55 t
and R o m ans , 1 4 ; A y ans r Kai Kaus , S a , 4 2 3 3 8, 3 7 3 hh
i
,
o f I nd a, 1 5 Tuni nians , 1 6 h r
K ai K u s au , S a , 4 2 , 3 69 hh
th ir tr diti n l r l ti n
e a o a e a o s Kai K u b ad, S a , x v , 4 2 , 3 73 hh
w ith ditt
,
5 4 5 5 66 o, , ,
382 s e q.
I an j r gi gr
'
r 9 6 ve e o n, 2 K ak w i, a nds o n o f Zab b ak , x m
-
, ,
n, e o , , K h ar city 86
anda 2
I mail b r th r f S ltan M h
, ,
K r b gh di trict 9
’
56
s , o e o u a a a a s
, , ,
mud, 21 K ar n I rani n h r
a
'
a e o, x m 20 7,
p han cit y —
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Is a , ,
351 21 1 ,
2 14 2 26 , 24 9, 3 3 7, 34 4
I s t u v eg u . S ee A s t y age s s e q”
2 8 6, 2 90 2 94 2 98,
3 1 9 34 0
J K annfi j , city
,
,
,
99 , 1 1 5, 2 6 1 , 3 57
, .
J A LIi LA , b ttl
a e o f, 12 K ark w i ,
de s c e ndan o f Z ah ha k t ,
J amas p ,
chi f e m i ni t r s e of h
S ah 2 90 s eq .
G u s h tas p, 4 2 Karma , Z ah h ak
’
il c k ’
s oo , x 1 1, 1 4 5
ihp
J ame s , S , b s o o f Ede s s a, 3 74 . K ars hipta , my thic l bird a ,
235
J ams d, S a hi h h xii
4 2 , 1 2 9 s eq , , . K h f ri r 3 5
as a ,
ve , 2 , 2 96 s e q .
i g
me an n o f name 1 3 0 , dr g n f i d a o o , .
l
J anda , e nv o y o f Faridfi n, 11 1 1, Kas t arit S ee K y ax e re s
—
.
1 77 8 3 1 K i ds S ee K ai K aus
.
J as h a ki ng 67 , , , 68 Kawa, t h e s m ,
x 11 1 55 ith , s eq .
,
Jes us 4 2 ,
J e we l s dis co v e ,
i
y o f, 1 33 ,
flag o f,
3 , 1 57 , 1 60 , 14 21 1,
J ilnfm, ri r ve ( t he O x us ) , 5, 3 75
21 2 1 7 , 2 1 8, 2 3 7. 3 3 2
and T aran , 7 1 , 3 70 , 3 7 1 2 3 4 , 2 3 5: 3 7 3
396 I N DE X
s e q. 21 , 1 14
M ihrab ki ng i , , x v, x v, 2 34 , 2 56 21
se
q .
,
2 75 s eq .
, 2 84 s eq .
, 2 99 Na t r w r hip
u e -
o s , of t he A ryan s ,
8694 3 58 . 3 59 . 3 6 1 7, S I
M il as , rh y me o d, 75 -
wr N anda , S a r hh x v, 24 8, 2 88 , 2 89 ,
h h xiii
,
M inuc h ih r, S a , s eq .
, 4 2,
3 2 6, 3 3 7 s ee ,3 69
2 0 6. 20 9 s e a. 2 3 4 s ec . 3 3 7. N il , as rh y me w r -
o d, 7 5
3 3 9 8 6 9 4 3 4 8 . 3 63 N e, il 1 14
Mo hl , his e d o n and t iti ran l ati on
s N imni z S i tan
s in, ‘ 2 52 ,
i b u lis ta
Za
of t he S hahnama, 7 6, 7 7
M oo l a F irii z , 2 0 1
’
N i n h f ll f
eve a o 10
ic r
, ,
M o o n, Firda u s i s d
’
s ou s e on ki ng f th t tt ck s o a a a ed I ran
tr
,
t h e na u e o f . 0 5 10
o ne o f t he s e v e n pl ane s , t 72 N is hapii r, city , 3 6, 4 5
M o s e s , o f C h o re ne , 7 2 1 4 4 , , 236 N is b is s i ig e es o f, 3 74
wi Kh if
,
M u a ya al a, 1 2 , 1 3 mdi th r
’
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‘
,
- -
au o 22
i
, ,
M ub d, 8 3 h is a cc ou n t f Fird o au s i 38
h r ph t
,
M u a mmad t h e P o e , ,
1 2, 13, s e q. , 4 5, 4 6
4 0 , 4 1, 106 N oa h t h e I an an, r i 1 29
h
,
Mu a mm ad, s on of A bdur ’
N uh b in M ans u S am an d r i pri nc e,
k
,
R az 68, 9 9
36
z a ,
M u nz ir dy nas , ty f A l o , 55
M u t aw ak k il ,
Kh lif a a, 1 4
OC EAN U S H o me ric and O ri ntal e
, ,
71
0 x , t he fi r t, 5 s , 1 1 7
N A H A VA N D , b a ttl f O x us ( J ihun) , an ci nt tr
e ade
8,
r teou 57 ,
” 7,
a e a ,
c nfo us ed with A r as , 71
1 79
Na a,phth w ll
e s o f, 56
ri
N a man I an r i ,
’
an hr e o, 4 2, 1 74 ,
3 38
r
N a w an , fr to es o f, 2 1 7, 218 Pa hl av an 8 3
y d t
lo w l i ng l an s in o w h ic h it s w a
-
t d e rs e s ce n d b u t Fir d au s i d oe s no t s e e m to mak e
d t t
,
Pa hl avi, m e an i ng o f, 64 , 83 R us t am,
'
I an an r i '
hr
e o, x iv , x v,
Firdau s i s
’
u s e o f t he w rd o , 69 4 2. 56. 68. 1 74 . 2 3 4 . 2 3 6. 2 3 7 .
Pa ri 83, 3 20 3 6 9 ” 3 73 . 3 7 6 3 3 9 °
Pai r c
s, oun try , 3 5 1 , 353 s eq .
, 3 5 7, his b irth pr ph i o e s e d, 2 78
3 68 , 3 7 l 3 0 7. 3 2 1
Pa t r hi ans , p pl eo e, 1 0 ,
1 9 , 60 , 6 1 , C ae s a r e an b irth o f, 2 3 6, 32 1
64 s e q.
Pas h ng f th r
a , a e M inuc h ih r,
of 20 5 o rigi n of name , 322
Pas h ng f th r
a ,
a e ofA as y ab , fr i x v,
3 3 6, 3 3 7. 3 4 2 s e e . 3 74 . 3 75
P tr
a Fo ns , o f irdau s i, 2 9 S
P rf m
e i n nti
u es , ve o n o f, 1 33 S A QA E S cy thi ans , 1 7, 1 9
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,
e o s, a nd s o , of S ac ae s t an . S ee S s it an
S hahnam a, 4 9 5 3 , Sa crific he, u m a n, a nd S e rp nte
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s 8, 9
s, w r hip 4 3 o s 1
t l ci nt c lt
,
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a, e as o 12 1 24
i try 56 q
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mo de rn ndu s , se .
Sa gitt ri c n t ll ti
a us, o s e a o n, 1 88
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o f. 55 hi wif
Sa , e o f I raj ,
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1 88
c c
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, t ll ti S aifu d Dau a,
’
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l titl e of S u an lt
Pis hdadian, dy nas y 4 9 1 1 6, 3 73 t , , M a mud, 2 1 h
l t cr t
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a n, x m
li
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P e ade s , 2 4 5, 2 6 7, 3 3 2 4 54 .
2. 1 74 1 83 s ee 3 3 5.
rl
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34 2 . 3 4 4 3 62
r th
.
P o me e u s 57 , nam n i g o f, 1 8 7
br th r
Pu rmay a, o F e of aridii n , Sa lt , R u s t am
’
s cr a av an o f, 3 30
1 58 s eq .
s e q.
de s e rt , 3
S am, I an
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r i an hr e o, x m, x iv, 4 2,
R
9 5, 1 74 , 20 7, 2 1 2, 231, 2 34
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s ee . 33 7. 3 3 9 s ee . 3 4 5 . 3 4 6.
K h ar o f, 3 68 , 3 74 , 3 8 1 3 58. 3 7 5
Ra kh h R u s t am s s e e d,
s
’
t x v, O ne o bl w , 2 9 7, 2 9 9
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q .
R o m ans , t h e , 1 0 , 1 4 ma c e o f, 2 3 5, 2 90 , 2 9 7, 3 2 8,
b
B uda a, t h e m o e o f R u s th r t am , 3 78
x iv , 14 5, 2 34 , 2 80 s e q. , 2 99 S ama K e re s as pa N arimanau ,
s eq .
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cri b d 57 59 q
de s e , 2 ,
2 se . S am anide s , dy nas y , 1 4 t
R ue, wil d pr r ti fr m , as a ese va ve o S ama and, rk y , 7, 1 9 cit
h rm 3 8 a ,
0 S apandarm ad, m o n th a nd day ,
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i ,
e as e o a e, 24 ,
8 8 , 89
1 5 , 1 8 3 , 1 89 , 2 2 9 Sa pr o II . S ee S auhpr , son of
Sa ri city
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2 30 ,
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3 67 II .
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1 78 1 86 , 21 1 ,
21 4 ,
21 8, 2 86 S hidas p, m i ni t r s e of Tah m nras ,
i
S as an an, e m i e , 1 1 pr 1 27
dy nas y , 4 9 t r i hr
S hidns h, I an an e o , 2 1 1 , 3 54
i
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S h iz s e a o f t h e M a , 60 gi
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a e o ,
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’
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’
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s eq. 2 59 , 2 8 1 s e q ,
2 99 seq .
s c e ne o f, 3 S ipand, m o u n t in
a , x iv , 2 3 6, 3 29
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2 3 77
l ngth m tr l ng g
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1 82
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chi n ry
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c m g ny f 7 os o o o ,
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.
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diti n ef 76 o s o , ih 3s a ,
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3 57 . 3 58 . 3 6 1 . 3 64 . 3 66. 3 67 titl
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3 7 r. 3 7 5. 3 8 1 61
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3 76 hh Zav , S a , x v , 3 69 s e q .
Zahh ak , S a h h xii , Z l g g
4 2 , 54 , 72 , , e nd, an u a e 64 ,
1 3 5 s e q , 1 73 s e q . Zir k n rchi m g 4 9 5
2 7 5, 2 78. .. a , a a a e, 1 , 1 0
2 88, 2 92 , l h
3 0 3 , 3 2 6, lk 4 ’
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33 8 3 58 .
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hi m in i t r ( K nd
s ) s eZ tri n c l nd r 59 u ra v , x il , o ro as a a e a ,
64 q1 se . c m g ny 5 os o o ,
hi c pit l 6 a c c pti n f d ti y 5 n
‘
s a , 1 1 on e o o es ,
2
Z il t h f th r
z , ef R t m xiii
a e pr p g nd 58 q
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o a a a, se .
q 95 se 4 5, 35 9 » 337 1cript r 6 q .
2 33 -
5 .
s u es , 1 se .
3 4 5 3 4 6 3 58 . e 3 64 }
. Z r tri ni m 4 9 se . s et . o o as a s ,
37 q 380 3 8 3 84 3 8 7
se .
, c nc pti n f 5 5 5
1, 2, ,
o e o s o , , 1 , 2
z aLi ( z en 84
-
z ar 4 8 , rigi n l t f 56 q 6
, 2 o a s ea o , se .
, 2
Z my ad Y t 33 8
a ,
as ,
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S t p ee no e , .
3 96 .
EN D O F VOL I . .
Prin t d b B ALLA T
e y N YN E , H anso n 6 » 0 0
E d b gh ( d
.
in ur r Lo n on