Running head:Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

Michael Pierangelino

South New Hampshire University

Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

April 2nd, 2019

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Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

We often do not know the reasons for making decisions and these decisions are easily

manipulated and affected by subtle environmental clues. Some people are more likely to make a

decision when they have been exposed to an environment that is similar or has similar

characteristics to their own. Since the researchers intent of this paper is to raise proper awareness

of globally related issues to business and personal development decisions and what might

influence those decisions both consciously or unconsciously. To that effect, the research

conducted has been focused on the topics that are most concerning as a whole due to the

significant impact it has on certain populations. Primarily the bulk of the research is related to

the unconscious influence of decision making processes, and distractions that impact the

cognitive ability to make decisions or function to the fullest of their capacity.

There is also the phenotype and phenotype influences which give the basic genetic

changes or thought process, in response to predisposition that leaves acceptableness to certain

environmental or genetic influences are passed on that alter thinking or behavior. This can be

seen in the case of a person who was born with certain genetic traits. The genes that were passed

down from generation to generation are also influenced by environmental factors such as family

background, culture and social norms. For example, if you were born in a wealthy family where

your parents had good jobs and high income you would probably have a better chance of getting

into college than someone who grew up in poverty. Or maybe he or she may have had a very

close family member with autism who was raised in a poor home and did not have the same

opportunities as his or her siblings.

These are all examples of how our environment affects us and this condition. Another

factor that affects how people act is the way they think about themselves and others. This can be

influenced by many things including their own beliefs, values and attitudes. The way feel

physically and emotionally can effect the way we think about ourselves and visa versa. People ,

especially narcissists, have a tendency to think very highly of themselves when interacting with

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others. So, it is important when speaking to people, especially when trying to teach or lead,ask

yourself, who is the sharing for? Is the mind loading that topic and story because it wants to hear

me say it or is its that the client or student can learn or grow from the experience or story. The

person you speak to may have a different perspective of life and how he or she feels about the

issues you are passionate about. One should never assume they are on the same page without

actually asking or knowing factually.

If someone is very good at mathematics, but bad with social skills and others have a lot of

time to learn about the world around them, but never have the time for studying so they are

terrible at math. Unfortunately this creates an unbalanced system where social skills are worth

more in the early years than intelligence. I think there is no free-will in reality, but there is little

or no room for other variables in the brain's system. They may have a genetic advantage in the

development of information processing, such as neurons and dendrites, which are associated with

neurology and professors at Hartnell university in Salinas, California.

The world's most famous mathematician is the classic student of mathematics, a typical

mathematical teacher. The teacher is very good and knows the topic well, but separating people

easily has a genetic tendency to acquire specific skills. This is why he was so successful in his

studies. He had a strong interest in mathematics and science, but he did not want to be an

engineer. It is one of the best universities in America, and it is also the only one that offers

computer science. He studied physics and chemistry, but decided to go into medicine. The school

he went to was called MIT. He was very interested in computers and math, but he wanted to

become a Doctor. What an achievement to earn a Doctoral in Computer Science and in 1931

become the first American ever to earn that Degree. After that he got his P.h.D at Harvard

university in 1953, and later physics. He worked at MIT for two years, then moved to New York

city where he started working on the Manhattan project. He was hired by president Franklin D.

Roosevelt as assistant Secretary of defense, and in 1961, he was awarded the Nobel prize for

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physiology or medicine. After that, he was named the National Institute for Neurology and Brain

Research. His work with the National Institutes of Health had him lead a group of scientists who

were interested on how to use computers in the field of neuroscience. He also helped develop the

first computer program called "Microsoft windows" which was used to create programs for the

development of personal computers.

Stored in long term memory to form the basis for decisions or judgment are used to

develop and refine Intuitive decision making. It can be described as the process of related

learning acquiring information gained through experience . This information can be transmitted

through the effects of exposure to existing options or unconscious knowledge. Implicit

knowledge used by decision makers to make better progress in the future when assessing similar

situations that may require experience in such scenarios is called intuition. For example, having a

dog as a child will give people an implicit understanding of the behavior of dogs. Then it can be

directed to the decision making process, as emotions of fear and anxiety are before taking a

specific behavior surrounding an angry dog.

Intuition is a mechanism that brings this hidden knowledge to the forefront of the

decision making process. Some definitions in its context of decision making through intuition is

used to identify clues and patterns in human environments, and then use them to improve

problem solving. Intuition in decision making is tied to two hypotheses, 1) The pre judgment

affects and influences the emotional state of a particular person. 2) The prejudgment is based on

the assumption that people are rational beings who have been conditioned by their environment.

The prejudgment can be applied to any situation where there is a need for information or

guidance. A condition that occurs when the ability to maintain environmental consciousness and

self-awareness is called unconsciousness. In light of its being without being it is perceived as a

disproportionate response to human environmental or any other received stimuli.

(www.nlm.nih.gov. )

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The frequency of recent thought influences the availability of concepts. In one study, the

subject was given a partial sentence to complete. These words are chosen to activate the concept

of hostility or goodwill, a process called priming. Then they have to explain the behavior of a

person explained in a short and vague story. Their interpretation is biased to the emotions they

are preparing, and the more exciting it is, the bigger its impact. The greater the interval between

the first task and judgment, the less effective it is. (Srull, Thomas K. & Wyer, Robert S., 1979)

the second task is to make an informed decision about whether or not the person should be

punished for his or her actions. This task involves making a choice that will affect the outcome

of the decision. The third task is to decide if or when a person should be punished for their

actions, and how much punishment they should receive. The fourth task is to determine a

person's ability or capacity to make a decision. These processes we have reviewed in behavior

analysis are both called conscious and unconscious tasks. In many instances of conditioning at

educational institutions they rely on the basic methods of repetition and osmosis to influence the

decisions of the students which is typically not very help full. Train at work in an unconscious

prejudice and then implement a structural mechanism to minimize its impact. It does not affect

individual's homework, opportunity and compensation as much as the unconscious prejudice

everyone brings to judgment of others. In the workplace, unrecognized and uncontrolled

unconscious prejudice may lead to exclusion and missed opportunity. Understanding how

everyone's life experiences affect their evaluation of others can open up opportunities for

personal insight, honest dialogue and structural change. (Rikleen, L. S., Oct. 2014)

Unconscious, also known as consciousness, is a complex of human psychological activity

that continues without his awareness. Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, said that

this unconscious process could affect human behavior even if he did not report it. Freud and his

followers believe that the dream and language are actually hidden examples of unconscious

content, which is a threat to direct confrontation. Ever present is the unconscious mind, such an

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important part of life and everyday affairs. Freud believed that people have a tendency to

interpret dreams in such an extreme way, which leads them to make irrational decisions. When

we see something that is out of our control, we tend to act

There are several theorists, such as the early experimental psychologist Wilhelm Wundt,

who denies the role of unconscious process and defines psychology as a research on conscious

state. However, it seems to be well established that there exist an unconscious psychological

occurrence and it is still a very important concept in contemporary psychology. Collective

unconscious, The term first introduced by psychiatrist Carl Jung describes the forms of

unconsciousness, in which a person's mind contains memories and impulses that are not

conscious to his or her own body. This is different from the personal consciousness of an

individual's experience. According to Jung, collective unconsciousness includes prototypes and

general original images and ideas.

There is a theory that the unconscious happens when different parts of the brain suppress

each other. (Carpenter, Jennifer, 13 June 2011) the unconscious is a part of our personality that

we don't realize it. It firmly interacts with each and every part of our brain that controls all the

pieces ofthe whole life. The unconscious processes are also influenced by the environment

around them. Unconscious mind or unconscious is composed of the processes that occur in the

brain, which are automatic and cannot be accessed through introspection, including thought

process, memory, interest and motivation. (Westen, Drew, 1999) David Holmes has studied the

concept of Freud's 60 year study and concluded that there is no positive evidence for this view.

Due to the lack of evidence for many Freudian assumptions, some scientists have suggested that

there is a mechanism of unconsciousness different from Freud's theory. They speak of the term,

in a sense, an individual's perception of the self as being able to be understood by others and is

expressed through their actions. (Loftus EF, Klinger MR, June 1992) It implements automated

processes, but there is no mechanism to suppress and restore the inhibitory system.

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Sigmund Freud suggests that the development of individuals and behavior and is most

likely influenced by the interaction between unconsciousness and consciousness in the process of

thought. These three elements of the mental apparatus work at different levels of consciousness

and interact to create behavior. Self is the result of an attempt to meet the needs of a child

through interaction with its physical and social environment. It comes from the identity and tries

to satisfy the desire of ID by working as a negotiator, trying to compromise between what I want

and what external world can offer it. The ego is the part of our mind that controls us and we are

constantly trying to make sense of our own thoughts and feelings. This part of the brain is

responsible for making decisions and acting upon them.

The problem for recruiters and job seekers is that the decision to make a mistake in

consciousness will hide any judgment made by an unconscious prejudice. Kiwanuka said, as

kiwanu said, it is only a fifth of seconds to decide the title. (Hunckler, M., Sep. 2016) After

twelve years in executive recruiting this researcher can speak on the nature of stereotypes and

prejudices because it is very real today and People need to know how to get a fair chance to

interview, but hey have to put in the work to cancel out biases of the other person, if they want to

compete on an even playing field. It is just the matter of the facts of life. If a recruiter is not able

to look at a resume and properly summarize a persons skills within 10-15 min of talking to them

then they will waste a lot of time with losers who nobody wants, common sense wise a winner

wont have time to hang out for hours on the phone with a recruiter hoping to spark romance tha

will make the recruiter go do the job for them or something. Top people are busting tail every day,

they are too busy selling being the top salesperson to call and talk to a recruiter more than once

and definitely not more than 20min. When a recruiter is speaking to a client or candidate they

must learn to control the conversation. If not they will never get anywhere because a loser loves

to talk about themselves. With all the hats a recruiter wears, like an HR manager, Sales manager,

marketing manager, CEO, CFO, CMO, it is a lot of work and there are a lot of decisions that

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must be made in a split second scenario. Knowing what kind of music the hiring manager likes

or their Alma-mater gives the candidate an icebreaker that just makes them relevant enough to

pay attention to with out having to try to hand.

Warren Thorngate, an emeritus social psychologist, has introduced ten simple decision

rules or heuristic principles into the computer's subroutine model. He decided how long each

heuristic choice is chosen, and the maximum to lowest expectations in a series of randomly

generated decision situations. He found that most of the simulated heuristics were chosen as the

best expected value, and almost never chose a low anticipated price. More information on the

simulation can be found in his essay, effective decision making heuristic. (Thorngate, Warren,

1980) Anuj K. Shah and Daniel M. Oppenheimer's efforts to reduce the effort of people to make

decisions are based on a reduction in their efforts. (Shah, Anuj K. & Oppenheimer, March 2008)

This process is called decision making. Information availability, the speed at which it is

presented, and the expectation of a person to make decisions are factors that affect accuracy and

efficiency in decision making. The most important factor for decision making is the availability

of information. The text deals with the reader's own personal, Federalist, corporate and

environmental concerns in a tangible way. Readers should learn how to use decision analysis

tools, such as decision tree diagnosis, impact diagnostic and probability model to understand the

situation of decisions. (Clemen, R. T., 1997)

In 1975, psychologist Stanley Smith Stevens suggested the power of stimulation. Light

brightness, the seriousness of a crime, is codified in the form of brain cells which are not

connected to modality. Kahneman and Frederick are based on this idea, claiming that the

characteristics of the object and heuristic properties may be quite different in nature. (Kahneman,

Daniel & Frederick, Shane, 2002) For example, when you ask the question of a single bat and

one ball, it costs about USD. Bats cost one dollar more than balls. What is the price of a ball?

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many subjects incorrectly answer $0.10. (Kahneman, Daniel, December 2003) The explanation

of the substitution is not to solve this problem, but to calculate the sum of a dollar and a small

amount, it is easy. Whether they think this is the correct answer depends on whether you check

your calculations using a reflection system.

We know that the relationship between clues of the environment and personal judgment is

called cognitive control. It is measured by the linear multiplicity of clues and judgment. Based

on the previous work, Hammond and summers suggested that performance in cognitive tasks

includes two different processes of acquiring knowledge and understanding control over already

acquired knowledge. As task prediction puts the upper limit on achievement, cognitive control is

also true. Cognitive control sets the upper level of achievement; RA is shown in rpm.

Consistency builds the upper limit of cognitive control.

The environmental signal is an aspect of the experience that causes a reaction to stimulate

reactions. The reaction is an act that affects the environment. Individual exposure to an

experience receives a signal that triggers behavioral responses, which causes the individual to

respond in some way. Environmental cues tell individuals about the events in the environment

that affect their anticipated response behavior. Students who are deceived by homework may be

interrupted and cannot finish their work at this time.

Another amazing effect on what we are doing is the result of an unconscious behavioral

signal that does not know us. For example, the behavior of others is very infectious and we can

be able to get it through everyday contacts with other people and even social networks. If our

Facebook network is connected to overweight, depression, loneliness, cooperation or happiness

people are not aware of it and interact with them personally we may be these things.

The results of the study have shown that people often have unconscious and hidden

assumptions, which affect their decisions and relationships with others. Examples include

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expectations and assumptions about physical or social characteristics related to race, sex, age and

ethnicity, as well as specific work descriptions such as academic institutions and research areas.

Let's start with some examples of general social imagination and expectation. The evaluator does

different things like overestimating the height of men, showing a picture of a person with the

same height, and different cultural differences or styles of dress. Alternative cues are especially

helpful for individuals with environmental agnosticism or prosopagnosia, the prejudicial bias is

definitely noticeable when activated. Another option for individuals with environmental agnosia

is to mark a new room or to remind the area of memory. Prosopagnosics can use other clues,

such as scars on the face of a person or curved teeth to identify individuals. (Burns, MS, 2004)

Color and length of the hair may also be useful clues. Unconscious or intuition is a subtle,

unintentional and unconscious signal that provides information to others. It may be verbal or

physical, spoken in person, or the tone of a person's voice. This is oral and non linguistic. Some

psychologists use the word honest signal, but these clues are usually unwilling actions to convey

emotions and may control body language. Many decisions are made on the basis of unconscious

associations, which are interpreted and constructed in the right hemisphere of the brain.

These purchase decisions are a set of immediate and largely subconscious judgments.

They are made in less than 60 seconds and they all come together, each affecting the other

instead of one individual. Readers do not usually understand or believe in such books, but they

are like this. These judgments are both tangible and substantial; in most cases, they are the

primary appraisal and procurement triggers. A fundamental message of behavior economics is

that as a result of various prejudices, consumers often take action against their own economic

interests in decision making.

Consumers are strongly influenced by their emotions and environmental clues, as well as

the way choices are presented to them. By understanding these prejudices, you can develop a

better way of thinking and decision making. In fact, it is possible to make more informed

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decisions when you have an awareness of your own biases. For example, if you're buying a new

car. The most common example of this phenomenon is the use of pseudoscience to explain why

people buy cars. However, there are many other examples of how people may be influenced by

their own If you're not aware of your own biases, then you may be able to make better decisions

Environmental behaviors or support for government and collective activities are

predicated on many psychological factors that influence if people adopt the characteristics. These

can be affected and changed over time by internal or external means. They will have a strong

impact on the speed of adoption of electric cars, travel sharing services and other lifestyle

changes expected to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and fossil fuel consumption. (University of

Houston Energy Fellows., Jun. 2017) He said, in his opinion, we often do not know the reasons

for making decisions and these decisions are easily manipulated and affected by subtle

environmental clues. The evidence shows that there is no free will, illusion, and all of your

actions are determined by how the cell responds to its surrounding environment.

Compliance is the adaptation of an individual's behavior to a real or imaginary external

impact. Many types of different integration including public and private compliance are used in

institutions and jails. Compliance is influenced by the unity, resolution and cooperation of the

group. D., 1956. Private compliance is an example of how individuals change their personal

beliefs in response to the status of others. Public compliance is a case where an individual shows

a superficial change in opinion to cope with external pressure. Social influence is the process by

which an individual adapts his or her own views, modifies his or her beliefs, and changes how he

or she acts as a result of social interaction with others. In our highly interrelated society, social

impact plays an important role in many self organization phenomena such as the spread of crops

in cultural markets, the dissemination of ideas and innovation, and fear during epidemic.

However, the mechanism of forming opinions is still not well understood and there are no

systematic empirical verification based on existing physics.

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The collective of a people, is it's culture and it's memebers are all the same. Culture can

be defined as a combination of general features that affect the human population's environmental

response. The interesting concept of human beings, existence and interaction is their personality

function. Research has shown there is an interpersonal relationship within all beings no matter

how big or small or what they say, it is there inside the individual, and that interpersonal

relationship will drive for external interactions with other beings. In short, human existence

produces necessary random interaction. And through that interaction, it expresses unique

personality. To tell the truth, we are communicating as individuals what we witness asit is known

to us factually and without augmentatio or creative license.

Across the globe we have certain aspects of communication that allow us to interpret the

other's culture to a point on the surface. However, we can never truly have the full understanding

what it means and feel like to actually embody that custom's purpose and live in the moment of

the other, and embrace the differences, and similarities, in synchronicity To sense and feel while

doing the action, shows the other you are trying to connect with the deeper understanding of their

culture and they always appreciate and respect someone for keeping their traditions sacred and

respecting their native tongue. Even though not bound by birth to recognize or respect another

faith or cultural upbringing. This is important to teach consistently, hat they do not take the

differences that may seem petty for granted or as a joke. Accepting all of the purpose and

tradition of the cultural similarities or differences, especially the fact of what customes are sacred

and what one's are just proper. We have been interacting with each other for thousands of years.

The culture defines the characteristics of a person's group in the same way as personal

identification with individuals, Hofstede, 2001 and pp. 550-551).

Gert Hofsted did amazing work in the field of cultural diversity he was the main pioneer

to develop and perfect his multi dimensional cultural table that would list the full perspective for

the country on one simple layout with a clustering of dots or peaks of bar graph to evaluate the

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scores of each dimension for an understanding on how that country fairs in each category and

there are specific trends to note that emerge among similar aligned counties with rulers and

regimes being heavy in influence on how the country acts, or is permitted to act. He developed

an integral key that allowed anyone with the knowledge being able to evaluate and study a

culture before one goes there. So one may prepare the mind to act and think different. It is

important to be aware of how to think and act or speak, even when to speak, look someone inn

the eyes: Else they will stand out like an outsider, and no matter where you are in he world, that

is never a good thing. Geert's studies have moved mountains shattering the ability to adjust for

expatriates in the corporate world who relocate abroad.

It is a huge factor of the future companies placing agents on the ground to manage

accounts over seas who were not born there, but know the language and way of doing business

with the locals. They have eyes and ears loyal to the motherland and will continue to keep a

watchful eye over practices as they should be, as they are, and as they wish them to be. More

importantly, the process and means to get them either back oon track or up to the new

expectations in the respective areas. As a business consultant, this researcher has a duality about

the way research is processed.

Information is seen through two lenses the business lens, and the psychology lens. The

mind has to sort through the relative data on both sides and keep whats most ideal, almst like an

automatic van pass diagram; keeping the items that met in the middle of all the circles that are

common equations to the table or graph. Then the mind deduces a concept and hybrid

implantation to create the framework for the ideas that certain stimuli will produce unconsciously.

Then mentally automatically choose random affiliated images and instances where the concept

applies or has applied in the past; ether in their own or someone else's life experiences.

The search to expedite the expatriation of their people has never been greater and

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corporate America is pushing hard to make a larger global impact. Then the entire world can

serve as a bed for the rebirth of new culture that blend the old and the new together bringing a

higher more meaningful purpose. Hofstead also found out that the most important factor is how

much time they spend with each other, and that the influence of culture took root over time, but

when forced to immerse themselves with proper time and preparation the rate for which they

accelerated their adjustment period was astonishing. This was the reason why he decided to study

how people and why they do what they do and think what they think deeper and deeper. He knew

its significance and that context is everything when communicating at all; especially when doing

business with other cultures or nationalities. It is essential to understand how important the way

we interact and communicate when making decisions. If you have a good understanding of your

own culture and its influence on decision making then you can make better decisions.

Cell phone addiction can be defined as an excessive use of electronic devices or other

electronic devices for personal purposes. Although it is far from illegal to be addicted to cellular

devices it is most defiantly illegal to use a cell phone or talk on a cell phone while driving in

most states. United States currently in 2019 it is illegal to text and talk on the phone in 47 states.

In most states the laws are pretty severe and very clear. If the driver decides to be distracted

during an accident, he or she will be responsible. Examples of distracting driving include talking

on a mobile phone, changing the radio station, or speaking with passengers in the car. Even if the

driver uses a mobile phone without using hand phones or sends text messages, the driver can still

be distracted by mobile phones.

In technical terms, the act of thinking about a task or something other than the road while

driving a car is classified as distracting. Total concentration is necessary for driving and using

mobile phones may weaken this focus. You need to hold your hand on the steering wheel so that

it is the most efficient driving force. If you are sending a text message or talking on a mobile

phone without using your hand, it is important to concentrate on the wheels and not just use your

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hands. Using mobile phones while driving may also affect the surrounding environment, which

makes it susceptible to collision.

People use cell phones while driving, and there are many legislative efforts to limit the

distracting of technology that drives long distances. (Pressman, A., Apr. 2018) Fortune.com

stated auto deaths have risen two straight years in a row, marking the biggest jump in five

decades. Although the cost of low gas is encouraging, mobile phone distraction has been used as

one of the main reasons. Responding with commensurate response with a hard shift in laws and

leniency. House moms were no longer getting off with a simple "oh, I am so sorry officer, I did

not know ". Ignorance is definitely not bliss when it comes to the legislation on the no texting

and no talking rule states. The law is are not to be trifled with as this researcher has witnessed

first hand in life experience.

The legislation was set up the way it had to be to make people realize enough is enough.

In this researchers opinion they all did what needed to be done and it could have actually been

done more on a national scale quicker that it took. After seeing so many accidents in person and

having so many accidents as a result from obsessive texting or sporadically of texts while trying

to operate a vehicle I completely concur with their decision to get hard on use of the phone

period because every study that I have ever looked at shows it impairs ability to function on a

minimal level but also can completely take over the subconscious mind. When I learned my

lessons I was an ignorant teenager and had not lived to see the effect one death can have on so

many; let alone the true depth of pure unadulterated raw doses of mainlined pain loss causes to

the family of the victims.

The states made a proper response individually to what they felt was becoming somewhat

of an epidemic: And, they had no choice but to act on what they felt was not getting enough

respect from people. It is really the most negligent thing to avoid looking at the road entirely. Not

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to mention the actual reasons people have died or taken lives of innocent children; so that

someone you are going to see at the office later that day can text you with their complaints about

the office you will walk into in twenty minutes when you arrive on the clock when your actually

paid to think-about and talk about work. Besides talking or texting someone at work only means

you dread those last few moments of "me time" thinking about the office which you hate to love,

but as a part of your daily routine and ritual, it has become you. So many people have grown

sickly attached to their phones and devices, they suffer from actual separation anxiety when they

do not have their devices. They grow so used to the action of using their phone they grow with it

symbiotically bonding in a way intimately that is actually visible on a scientific scale which this

researcher feels should be used for further research to investigate in the future.

Research (Pressman, A., Apr. 2017) shows that talking on a mobile phone and sending

text messages during driving is not only careless, but also very dangerous for drivers, as well as

other people who are driving the road. Especially those innocently standing on the soft shoulder

of the road awaiting service or a helpless family waiting for a savior in the wrong place at the

wrong time. The drivers always seem to say they never saw it coming after they get in an

accident. People sometimes just don't realize how much damage they can cause with their fingers

and a simple text like "ok" or what it will cost them to glance at that baseball game just a few

more seconds. It is not so much what they are doing so much as what are they not doing at that

moment that they should be that might cost someone else a great deal, if not a life, because of

their selfish way of thinking. Not taking res possibility to one's actions as a grown adult is

unacceptable in any terms, when someone's life is involved especially.

Mobile phones are distracting when you try to drive, people do not talk on your phone

anymore, they send text messages and surf the world network to find pretty little songs to send or

spastic emojis. The distractions and risk associated with texting and using these devices to

communicate while driving were thought to be made better, with the invention of voice

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recognition hands-free control of devices. Since mobile phones are the most common of smart

devices, almost all surveys have examined the impact of this device on performance and

collision risks. However, devices such as mobile phones can divert attention to drivers, using

cognitive and visual resources necessary for elementary work.

Someone who looked into this area of the field specifically was J.D Lee and co-

researchers, which shows that using voice communication systems in electronic communications

systems has negative effects on students and teachers ability to make decisions while driving.

This study investigated whether a phone use by an adult could affect the ability to focus on tasks

or concentrate on other things. Inspite of the obvious implications of the fact that the more things

they make to use while driving, the more people just cant resist the urge to use them. We might

benefit from looking further into the data more similar or even conducting our own study in the

future to better quantify and qualify the results of previous research and studies.

Some of the best smartphones, such as Samsung galaxy note 5 and galaxy S6, have been

able to provide mobile recharge full batteries in a few hours. However now there is a startup

known as qnovo said it had a better way to charge mobile devices quickly and its technology was

able to be incorporated into the phone for the first time in next year said to charge mobile phones

completely full and ready for the day in just a minute or two. (Fehrenbacher, K., Sep. 2015) The

need to have the fix of their devices faster and faster is a race that has been going on since the

creation of the battery.

In addition, mobile phones are constantly being filled with a range of interestingly

amazing applications and functions, making them no longer just a conversation or text device its

a way to build a better future and the bridge over which we will span the seas to reach that point

of Utopic unity with technology and world peace really, as a universal translator 007 golden eye

style full on communication device that researches, writes papers, edits websites, build programs,

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write music, record body temperature, monitor blood pressure, and other health issues like

diabetes.

There are endless things that could be improved by further development of technology.

Just to name a few logical hits; record videos, scan documents, create beautiful ad amazing

presentations, or even be used as a projector to show the presentation anywhere your mind sees

fit. With endless possibilities and no creative boundaries the artificial-intelligent handheld

devices will be the next major wave. The near future lies undecided on how the interaction will

distract individuals attention; in which the device is simply a projection from a small bracelet

onto your wrist onto your forearm.

Imagine that the world would be much more efficient if you could use these devices in a

way that allows for the creation of new ideas and concepts. This is where the brain comes into

play using common sense. Speaking of the brain, it can generate new information by using its

own neurons. This is why I think that the brain has been able to develop a system of connections

between different parts of the body, such as our heart rate and blood pressure. It is important to

understand how powerful the mind and the physical brain truly are, and know how to train it to

become strong and evolve from forcing it to think harder and harder strategy math science

politics, stock market, new languages

Smart devices can be great educational tools that through devices such as cell phones,

smartphones and tablets, there is a possibility to reach a whole new world of people never

thought possible. As more and more people are accessing mobile devices, while the quality of in

classroom education is still low, so students can use other methods to acquire and share

important knowledge through mobile devices. In recent years, the possession of mobile devices

in Africa has grown rapidly, along with every other country. For example, in Ghana, 8 percent of

the people surveyed in 2002 have mobile phones and 83 percent are using their mobile phone

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Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

today.

This increased access has made mobile learning a useful way to reach a wider range of

learners with the ability and desire to learn, but limited opportunities for classroom education are

restricted. It is wise to keep a close watch on this because the use of cell phones is so common

now, in regions once too poor to consider having a computer These are areas that are on the rise

from severe poverty quickly and the are having some difficulties in teaching the safe use

responsibility factor. We are watching the phenomena take and set blaze to the country as all

ages are embarrassing the ability to have a computer in their hand and reach out other world. So

it is taking on like a wild fire. With so many new users that makes for a much higher risk

scenario.

It is recommended that we should put a pin in that for future research to be done on the

accident rates and mortality rates involved with devices. As well to continue to register and

monitor progress and growing pains so to speak, as the world becomes enlightened. In fact, the

smartphone market share is projected to rise to more than 38 percent of us markets in 2013 and a

recent study by Yankee group shows that 41 percent of American consumers are already using

smartphones. (Mehta, S. N., Sep. 2009) With the technology smaller and more affordable these

days we can open an entire school with a small box of iPads. No books needed, because its all

inside the tablet or on the server for the school. Now they can have a whole bag of a hundred

handheld computers to hand out to students to learn on where they would otherwise never have

seen a computer or learned how to use one. It is bringing the world closer together faster that

ever thought possible. With the amazing abilities like the point and translate feature of phones no

matter what the language Google can read them all.

The translation feature is so user friendly now anyone can find their way around with one

in a foreign country and not know a word of the language, simply point phone where you need to

19
Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

reed the items (i.e. menue, letter, sign, hotel bill) reading signs and translating speech of

themselves to others in their language and translating what others say in the users native tongue

right into their ear through or projected to the eye with google glass, or on the phone or tablet it

is simply displayed in the native language when you see it in the frame. Which is a perfect

example of very cool, fun to play with technology, that may be best left off road to remain safe.

Having someone video conference you, or watching your favorite show in the corner of your eye

while driving is definitely a distraction of magnanimous proportions. At the end of the day

people need to be responsible for themselves and their actions. That includes recognizing

patterns of what influences our decisions in daily routines especially, because they become a part

of the ritual, the of daily fibers of sound and solid life, which runs through an individual of

higher purpose.

MIT researchers are developing devices that can bring many benefits to users who use

smartphones and change the way people live in everyday life. Users can answer the phone while

cooking, and even if you hand over a text or carefully send a message, you can control your

mobile phone with or without your voice quite effectively. (Berenson, T., Apr. 2015) it's not just

about texting anymore everything has evolved from checking blood pressure to monitoring the

best time to get pregnant from the gestation cycle. It's also about how we communicate with each

other, and how we interact with others. This article will explore some of these cognitive effects

and how they affect our ability to communicate with others. The article will outline a lot of

reasons why we need cellphones and how hey are intertwined into our lives in a way that cannot

be undone at this point so we must learn to function with our own judgment as a guide of a self

destruction in distraction. In today's society, technology is becoming more and more prevalent.

Today's mobile phones have evolved into more of everything; not just phones and digital

handheld devices for planning, recording and so on. Today's smartphones have replaced the

tablet and cell phone and are expanding the service level to a whole new intuitive level. Many

20
Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

people still use mobile phones as their main medium of communication, but many others also use

them as email clients; record taker; camera in hand; calendar and other web services like

websites etc. In addition, mobile phones are constantly being filled with new applications and

functions that integrate into our surroundings to assist and transcend our experiences, even

record them in new ways that will capture the full breath of the moment, making them no longer

just a conversation or text device. They are currently integrated into every complex,

comprehensive entertainment, financial services, internet equipment and enterprise traffic center

known to man. It has been stated that with sophistication come many complications. (Mehta, S.

N., Oct. 2009)

Mobile learning has a short history of over 40 years, but the media is developing rapidly

as it improves various mobile devices. Out of all the devices, mobile phones have most

possibilities for language learning and education. This article explores the various devices, as

well entities that are a distraction to drivers and pose and undeniable danger if proper education

is not designed appropriately to be well received and trained to retain directly in the 101

beginners guide to show people how to use the equipment. We propose that the manufacturers

assume responsibility for education of how to use the devices safely and as well as social

etiquette since it i important to tell people how they are expected to act with the equipment.

Teaching proper use of these devices from the very beginning and why we have deduced that this

is so important make sure they know these things.

People need to hear the gross statistics again and again to be reminded that this is not a

game, it claims millions of lives every day we remain ignorant to its unbelievable impact on

entire civilization, who are experiencing a sort of cultural shock and awe with a technological

revolution opening up through educational channels initially and later the commercial is never

far behind. People rarely use cell phones communicate with each other now; and yet they are

talking about the internet connection devices that allow people to handle many aspects of life

21
Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

including the main central device that seems to be "the one ring that rules them all" the cell

phone. One researcher and father of three teenagers said, “You would have to surgically remove

a phone from a teenager, because their whole life is ingrained in this device.” (Dillner, L., Aug.

2017) In this researcher's opinion they were right in that deduction. In fact, it is probably a good

assumption that most adult population who have grown with their devices over the years will

have just as much a problem with losing their devices.

Every day, about 9 people are killed and more than 1,153 people are injured in crashes

that are reported to involve a distracted driver, according to the CDC (cdc.gov). And the NTSB

has listed distracted driving everything from cell phones to in-dash systems and other hands-free

devices on its 2014 “Most Wanted” list (ntsb.gov), which identifies the year’s biggest

transportation challenges. (Morris, C., Jan. 2015) Since mobile phones are the most common of

these devices, almost all surveys have examined the impact of this device on performance and

collision risks. However, devices that use cognitive and visual resources necessary to perform

primary tasks may distract the driver. This is the end of Lee et al, which shows that using a

speech based electronic communication system adversely affects performance. Again, the fact

that such devices allow drivers to hold their hands on the wheel doesn't reduce distractions.

The General Accounting Office (GOE) performed a study due to the desire to consistently

improve on areas of concern with fatality rates. from 1975 to 2001 there was a decrease in rate of

fatality from 44,525 people a year to 42,116 people zt the same time the rate of 3.35 to 1.51

fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles traveled. In preserving the integrity of the relative data to

date this researcher has investigated numbers for 2017-2018, and reviewing current information

Other interesting features of the school area survey are that large vehicles, such as SUVs, pickup

trucks and minivans, are more distracting than those who drive.

Regardless of sex, the possibility that a driver with no seat belt is 35 percent higher than

22
Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

the probability of distraction. Drivers of all ages are 13 percent less likely to be distracted by

other state drivers in the states where cell phone and other portable devices are limited.

(Hembree, D., Aug. 2017) A study done by Indiana University, looked at contributing facets of

automobile crashes related to human, environmental, and vehicle related factors; which was one

of the most widely known and well respected studies related to motor vehicle incidents; mostly

because it was more comprehensive and accounted for the Department of Transportation research

which when factored in made significantly more clear distinctions. the brain's ability to process

information is affected by the amount of time spent on cell phone and other electronic devices.

This study found that drivers who use their mobile device during the driving hours were more

likely to have accidents than those who do not.

Cognitive distraction happens when a driver distracts attention to other mental tasks.

Using a mobile phone without speaking, using an electronic voice system is two activities that

can cause almost pure cognition. Many other obstacles, such as text messaging, car control, and

diet are physical and cognitive components. Electronic device use of a mobile phone on the hand

to an electronic devices using a mobile phone, e I D for example, SMS is used to monitor

personal health and alcohol consumption. Like the new Apple iWatch and Google glass, it has

been designed to be able to track your activity and sleep patterns. It also allows you to see how

much time you spend on social media, email or texting. The most common type of distraction in

our lives is checking emails and texts.

It also allows you to see how much time you spend on social media, email or texting. The

most important part of this study was to determine whether there were any negative effects from

cell phone use. In its reports according to the national highway traffic safety administration, in

2015, there were 391, 000 deaths and injuries due to distracted driving accidents and 3477

people. That data also factors in items of driving distractions that are non-tech, like eating, or

changing a station on the radio. (Johnson, D., Apr. 2018) We have been talking about the dangers

23
Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

that threaten safe driving of a car for a while, such as cell phones, texts messages, meals, and

radio stations or screaming at kids in the back seat.

According to the national highway traffic safety administration, in a car accident

involving only an independent driver in 2015 devastating tragedy befell-on 3, 477 people who

died and 391 thousand obtained injury(Groveland, J., Apr. 2018) In fact researchers estimate 1

out of every 10 drivers will be killed by a cell phone during their lifetime. This number is even

expected to rise higher exponentially, if they are not using their cell phone responsibly. Bottom

line the risk of death from texting is higher than those who do not use their phone. These are a

robust offering of statistics that exemplify the absolute The system relies on a good voice to

automatically control the ability of users to drive safely and reduce their cognitive disabilities.

Considering that other automakers and technology companies such as Apple are doing the same

thing, it is a bold and interesting move to allow more things than driving in cars. (Armstrong, P.,

Jul. 2017) in addition, there are many other ways to prevent accidents.

After 60 years David Holmes concluded his studies after 60 years evaluating the concept

of Freud's ideas and found that there is no positive evidence for this view. Due to the lack of

evidence for many Freudian assumptions, some scientists have suggested that there is a

mechanism of unconsciousness different from Freud's theory. It would be a logical deduction to

assume the case were so. They speak of a "cognitive unconscious" (John Kihlstrom), an

"adaptive unconscious" (Timothy Wilson), or a "dumb unconscious" (Loftus & Klinger), (Loftus

EF, Klinger MR, June 1992) which executes automatic processes but lacks the complex

mechanisms of repression and symbolic return of the repressed desires, emotions, or fears. The

term' conscious' refers to the process by which we use our minds in order to make sense of the

world around us. This is called “conscious cognition”, and it can be used in many intances to

stay in tune with the energy and spirit of those in your surroundings.

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Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

Unintended bias is a natural and pervasive way of cognitive processing. Even if you do

not believe in stereotypes, once they are exposed to them, they will enter the brain and affect

one's decision. Most people think that they are equal and unfair, but the unconscious prejudice

shapes us in ways we never knew of nor think possible until the actual process of thought

becomes so different when made it is indistinguishably different from the decision one would

have otherwise made at an earlier unadulterated phase, but after the radiating influence of

unconscious bias the new ego emerges. The more we use our minds, the more information we

have about ourselves and others. This is why we tend to be more selective with our thoughts than

before. We cannot see the difference between right and wrong, or even know how to distinguish

good from bad and vice versa. The brain has a very limited capacity for memory, which means

that it does not have the ability to store all of its memories in a single place.

The cognitive point of view does not believe that the unconscious idea and emotion are

necessary to protect or influence our behavior. Instead, the cognitive point shows that there is no

difference between consciousness and unconsciousness; unconscious thoughts and emotions are

not caused by a conscious or automatic mind. It is possible to think about something without

thinking about it. That being said lets talk about the brain; which can be divided into two

categories: The conscious and the unconscious. Both categories are important, because they

allow us to understand how we act and react when faced with an event or situation. The

conscious part of our brains is responsible for processing information and making decisions,

while the unconscious part is responsible for processing feelings and emotions. This is why we

have different types of memories and emotions. It is also important to note that these two parts of

the brain are not completely separate. In fact, they are interconnected. In other words, the

conscious part of our brains is responsible when faced with a situation or problem. The

unconscious part of our brains is responsible for processing information and making decisions.

This is why we have different types of memories and emotions.

25
Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

Cognitive psychology is still dominant in this area, but it has been increasingly

recognized that its limited ability to interpret the effects of unconscious processes. Ledoux, 1996;

brief description of the brain's sensitivity to consciousness is that most of the things done by the

mind occur outside consciousness ''. It is also important to note that there are many ways in

which the brain can be affected by these types of experiences. Some people may experience

hallucinations, delusions and other mental illnesses while others may not even be aware of them.

However, they do have a tendency to remember events that happened during their lifetime in

order to make sense of them. For example, if you were walking down the street and saw the car

coming towards you, your brain will automatically associate this event with the fact that it

happened in a particular time period. Another way in which the brain can be affected by these

kinds of experiences is through the use of neurotransmitters.

These chemicals are released when we encounter new stimuli or situations that trigger our

memories. These chemicals are called neurotransmitters because they act as messengers between

neurons and help us process information. These neurotransmitters are also known as dopamine,

which is a chemical that helps us feel pleasure and reward. When we experience something that

makes us happy, such as a good feeling or an unpleasant situation, our brain releases dopamine.

This chemical is responsible for making us feel happy and satisfied, which in turn helps us to feel

positive emotions. It's important to note that these chemicals don't just affect your mood; they

can affect your behavior too.

Unconscious mind or unconscious is composed of the processes that occur in the brain,

which are automatic and cannot be accessed through introspection, including thought process,

memory, interest and motivation. (Westen, Drew, 1999) For example, a person who uses their

mobile phone while driving may have problems with attention and concentration. In addition,

there are many other psychological effects of cell phone use. These include: increased stress,

decreased self-esteem and self-confidence loss of interest in activities that used to be enjoyable,

26
Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

diminished ability to concentrate and focus on tasks that were previously difficult abstract

thinking, impaired judgment and decision making difficulty in problem solving, reasoning,

planning and problem solving like abstract thinking which is an important skill for people who

are working in organizations or industries. Abstract thinking is a critical skill for managers and

leaders because it allows them to think critically about complex issues and make decisions. This

skill can help employees become more productive and successful in their jobs increased risk

taking, which results in higher levels of job satisfaction, increased productivity, efficiency

improved employee retention increased job satisfaction and loyalty decreased absenteeism-

related problems such as burnout.

Driving is always a problem when driving, such as vision, manual and cognition. When the

driver avoids his eyes on the road, there is a distraction of attention. Manual distraction is when

there is another person who draws the drivers attention away from the road. In this era of

technology, mobile phones are the main and most dangerous obstacle. Texting and driving cover

all three types of obstacles, which is a very dangerous and harmful practice in our country. Our

generation cannot leave its devices more specifically take their eyes off the screenn. n. In fact,

according to the U.S. Department of transportation, about 660, 000 drivers use their e-gadgets on

a daily basis while driving. For 660, 000 people, driving text messages seems not to be

dangerous, and that's pretty sad considering how serious e problem is. But what if we could

change the way we drive? this matter is. The problem with these distractions is that they are so

easy to get into your head and you don't

No matter what a driver does, there is always a problem that occurs when driving, such is with

vision, manual or cognition. When the driver avoids keeping his eyes on the road, there is a

distraction of attention, which creates a split in the minds functional capacity. Manual distraction

is a person who draws the driver out of the steering wheel; cognitive distraction tends to distract

attention from safe and careful driving. According to the national highway traffic safety

27
Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

administration, in 2015, there were 391, 000 deaths and injuries due to distracted driving

accidents and 3477 people. That data also factors in non-tech driving distractions, like eating or

changing the radio station. (Johnson, D., Apr. 2018) Distracted driving includes all non driven

activities, so you cannot focus on driving and visually or cognitively. Drivers who leave the

steering wheel to switch on the radio, send texts, eat or prepare themselves increases the risk of

traffic accidents. Talking to mobile phones and other passengers, seeing maps or using

navigation systems is distracting, causing traffic accidents.

In Conclusion the overall influence of cell phones and other various digital aiding gadgets

are absolutely critical to the future evolution of the world so it is imperative that we are aware

and educate others on both the safe ways to use cellular devices. It has been examined and

discovered that the brain can not multitask; therefore the concept of driving while doing anything

else but, is simply irresponsible and ignorant. We must consider the other unavoidable

influences on cognitive abilities; like yelling at the kids in he back seat to settle down while

looking in the rear view. Trying to eat that juicy quarter-pound burger while executing a turn.

Getting that pack of cigarettes up off the floor before you get to the next light.

The point is if we are always in a hurry to get where we are going next and we are

constantly worried about what is on the out side world (i.e. Facebook and Instagram) then we

will not properly be able to exist in the here and Now the pure and magnificent “Power of Now”

as is referred to by self-help guru Eckart Tolle with his globally viral concept of the witnessing

presence as a passenger in you mind. To become unattached form the outcome and stay present

in each moment. BE mindful of the factors that you are responsible for when you are on the road,

not just yours; but the lives of every man, woman, and child, on or off the road as well. If you

lose focus just for a few seconds that could be the end of someone’s life. It cold be the end of a

little child’s life that you know and watched grow up. Perhaps one of your brothers or sisters, or

your parents, or maybe even your very own child. These are some very heavy very real

28
Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

consequences that we are out in these streets playing with every second we take our focus off of

what we are doing in the car while driving. Make it your goal to become a role model driver,

and don't give into peer pressure things like speeding or seat-belts. Eventually the next

generation puts its foot down and makes a decision to make a change that lasts and ripples

through every age group. There is power in persuasion of our children, and when they look at us

with those little helpless “Cindy-lou-who” eyes, its a power like nothing on earth.

Even the most stubborn people listen and change their daily routines. Perhaps there is

wisdom in the con of these little minions, and future researchers should look into the bond

between parent and child; and the potential to exploit genetic similarity to influence decisions or

otherwise routine actions of the parent. Essentially finding ways to bend the parent’s will to the

child's request and recruiting the child to do the hard work of the intended message so that it has

the most impact. The research all concludes that there is nothing but danger to be had from split

attention while on the road. If we are to promote anything in the way of improved use of items

on the road let it be a car that drives itself without fail so the driver is more a passenger than a

driver, then it will be safe to multitask.

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Unconscious Influences on Decision Making Ability

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