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ABSTRACT
Periodontitis has been associated with systemic 1. Gingivitis develops when the teeth are not brushed
diseases such as diabetes and atherosclerosis, effectively. Plaque builds up on the teeth, next to
cardiovascular diseases, and even chronic kidney the gum, and the bacteria in plaque cause the
disease (CKD) through low-grade grade systemic gums to become inflamed. As a result, the gums
inflammation, although no causality can be drawn. look inflamed and swollen and may bleed when
CKD is an increasing problem worldwide, wide, and has you brush your teeth. Gingivitis is totally
adverse effects on oral health. The main risk factors of reversible, and with good oral hygiene the gums
CKD are diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and can return to normal.
obesity. Diabetic nephropathy is the main reason for 2. Periodontitis, the more serious form of gum
entering dialysis in Finland and cardiovascular disease, results from prolonged (over several
diseases (CVD) play a crucial role in mortality among years) inflammation of the gums as a result of
CKD patients. The hypotheses were that diabetic long-term
term plaque accumulation. The gum
nephropathy patients have worse oral health than inflammation
ion becomes more and more severe ,
other CKD patients, at both predialysis and post post- and the gums start to detach from the tooth. This
transplantation stages, and that salivary MMP MMP-8 creates a space between the gum and the tooth
associates with worse oral inflammatory burburden. The called a ‘pocket’ which is measured by the dentist
mortality rate was assumed to be higher among with a probe.
diabetic nephropathy patients. The main expected As the pocket gets deeper, the jaw bone holding the
reason for death was cardiovascular disease
disease. teeth in
n place is gradually destroyed.
The relationship between diabetes and gum disease is ability. Any wound is much more difficult to heal
well documented, and several ways that diabetes in diabetics. Damage caused to soft tissues by gum
impacts gum’s health are described: disease is much more severe in patients
pat with
Increased infection risk.. Diabetes is known to diabetes due to the impaired healing ability. When
have a negative impact on the body’s immune a healthy patient might experience a mild
system. The reduced efficiency of white blood gingivitis, under the same conditions the diabetic
cells to fight infections increases the risk of patient may suffer from severe periodontitis.
developing gum disease which is a bacterial Increased sugar levels.. Many of the bacteria that
infection of the soft and hard tissues of the mouth. cause periodontal disease use sugar as their main
Impaired healing.. One of the main characteristics nutrient. Poor diabetic control and increased sugar
of diabetes is that the body has reduced healing
Treatment for periodontal disease degree angle. Use short back and forth strokes of the
As with most diseases, prevention is better than a brush, with gentle pressure. An electric toothbrush
cure. Periodontal disease can generally be prevented brush for most people ple is as effective as a manual
by maintaining good oral hygiene (i.e. cleaning your toothbrush. They can also be useful if you have
teeth effectively). Brush your teeth twice per day, for restricted movement. Make sure you clean in between
approximately 2-33 minutes each time (which is longer the teeth using floss. If you have problems with gum
than you think when brushing your teeth!). Be sure to disease, it is also recommended to use a mouthwash
brush every surface of the teeth, and particularly the after brushing. Make sure it contains fluoride.
point where the gum meets the tooth . If your teeth are
a little overlapping, or there are awkward areas to Summing up
clean, then use a small (single le tufted) brush. The It is very important for all people with diabetes to visit
toothbrush should be positioned so the bristles contact a dentist regularly, so that any gum problems can be
the point where the gum meets the tooth at about a 45 detected and treated before they become too severe.