The 20th Century

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Contents
History of the early 20th century
The 20th century art
Modernism
William Butler Yeats
T. S. Eliot
Virginia Woolf
James Joyce

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 History of the early 20th century

The first powered airplane was invented by Wright brothers

The first practical telephone, patented by Alexander Graham Bell

Commercial radio broadcasting began in the 1920s, which became an

important mass medium for entertainment and news.

The Television was made practical by John Logie Baird

Interpretation of Dreams by Sigmund Freud was published by 1900

The effect of the theory of evolution developed by Darwin

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 Creation a confusion in values of ethics and morals.
History of the early 20th century

The era was prosperous.

However, there are growing forces of
discontent and resentment.

A lot of crisis with serious social and

political instability arising from the Irish
crisis, labor unrest, the women’s suffrage.

The Edwardian era existed in a twilight zone.

At that time, the balance of power in so many
areas was shifting in Europe.
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History of the early 20th century

Established the modern pattern of

exemplary conduct for British royalty.

He tried to continue the popularity of

the monarchy

Old traditions were being challenged

everywhere.

The greatest industrial unrest in Britain’s history (1911)

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History of the early 20th century

28 July 1914-11 November 1918

By the end of the war, the German Empire,

Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire
and the Ottoman Empire had ceased to exist.

The war had been won by Britain and its

allies, but at a terrible human and financial
cost, creating a sentiment that wars should
never be fought again.

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 History of the early 20th century

Independence of southern Ireland From

Britain Anglo-Irish Treaty of December
1921 established the Irish Free State.

Women’s Suffrage: Women over the age of 21 are given the vote

The Great Depression originated in the United States in late 1929

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 History of the early 20th century

Causes
- Unresolved task in World War 1
- Great Depression
- Tension among nations

Aftermath
- United Nations
- European Market
- European economy had collapsed
- Marshall Plan

Impact
- Casualties and war crimes
- Concentration camps, slave labour, and genocide
- Home fronts and production
- Advances in technology and warfare E N G L I S H LITERATURE
The 20th century art
20century's had huge changes in the modes and
meanings of artistic production.

The break with academic values re-evaluated

aesthetics, technique, color, media and so on.

The Secession movement, Fauvism, Cubism,

Expressionism, Futurism, and so on.

The 20th century was the stage for some of the

greatest modern artists in history.

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The 20th century art

derived from the French

word “wild beast”.

centered in Paris in the

20th century.

Henri Matisse and Andre

Derain.
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The 20th century art

Pablo Picasso. He is a spanish

artist. He picked up the gauntlet
of Cubism.

"Demoiselles d'Avigon (1907)“

Primitivistically documented interest

in African masks.

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The 20th century art

Futurism: An Italian movement in the 1920s based on a fascinatio

movement, technology, and machinery.

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Modernism

Modernism is a philosophical movement that, along with

cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and
far-reaching transformations in Western society in the late
19th and early 20th centuries.

Among the factors that shaped Modernism were the

development of modern industrial societies and the rapid
growth of cities, followed then by the horror of World War I

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Modernism
20th century - 1965.
Break down with traditions
The stability and tranquility of Victorian civilization were rapidly becoming
a thing of the past.

The beginnings of a new paradigm

between first the sexes, and later between
different cultural groups
The beginning of the distinction between
high art and low art.  The sophisticated intellectuals looked
upon the new popular literature with scorn.

The preoccupation with the inner self and

consciousness  The modernist intellectuals sees decay and growing
alienation of the individual.

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William Butler Yeats

William Butler Yeats

13, June, 1865 – 28, January, 1939

An Irish poet and one of

the foremost figures of 20th century
literature. He was awarded the Nobel
Prize in Literature as the first Irishman

Born in Sandymount, Ireland

and educated there and in London; His
earliest volume of verse was published
in 1889

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William Butler Yeats
His use of
The master of the traditional forms symbols is usually
meant something
physical.
Used allusive imagery and symbolic
structures. Yeats chose words and
assembled them to suggest other
abstract thoughts that may seem
more significant and resonant

His later poetry and plays are

written in a more personal vein

Interest in mysticism, spiritualism,

occultism and astrology

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William Butler Yeats

The poem is in three stanzas with six lines

It expresses his own renewed passion of life and
for love

Crazy Jane’s philosophy is Yeats’s own philosophy

That body and soul are God’s creation,

hence, the two are equally holy.

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 T. S. Eliot

Thomas Stearns Eliot

26, September, 1888 – 4, January,

Life
1965

Essayist, publisher, playwright,

literary and social critic

A Nobel Prize Winner.

One of the twentieth century's
MAJOR POETS

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T. S. Eliot
"It is self-evident that St. Louis affected
me more deeply than any other
environment has ever done...I consider
myself fortunate to have been born here
rather than in Boston or New York or
London."

Affected by the city, London.

He was inspired by Dante’s philasophy
Helped by Ezra Pound
He was infatuated with literature due to his bad health
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T. S. Eliot
Mary Esme Valerie
Vivien Travelyan Fletcher

Cremated at Golders Green

Crematorium. In accordance
with his wishes, his ashes
were taken to St. Michael's
Church in East Coker,

worked as
Died on the 9, an editor for
November 2012 the
Wesleyan
University
Press.

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T. S. Eliot

Has complex themes.

Divided into five parts, consists of 98 lines
The last 4 lines are the most quoted lines
among any 20th-century poems

Allusions to Conrad’s character and Guy

Fawkes

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Virginia Woolf

Adeline Virginia Woolf

25 January 1882 – 28 March 1941

An English writer and one

of the foremost modernists of the
twentieth century

Shows strong feminism and

She experimented with stream of
consciousness

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Virginia Woolf

Raped by Death of Studied Death of Married to

step mother history and Father, Leonard
brother Greek at committed Woolf
bipolar King’s suicide
disorder College
London

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Virginia Woolf
• Mrs Dalloway (1925)

• To the Lighthouse (1927)

• Orlando (1928)

• A Room of One's Own (1929)

• The Mark on the Wall (1921)

• Mr. Bennet and Mrs. Brown (1923)

• Modern Fiction (1919)

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Virginia Woolf

Published on 24 October 1929

Based on a series of lectures
The conception of 'a woman must
have money and a room of her
own if she is to write fiction‘

Constructs a critical and historical

account of women writers thus far

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Virginia Woolf

- The Bloomsbury Group

- Stream of Consciousness

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James Joyce

James Augustine Aloysius Joyce

2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941

An Irish novelist and poet.

One of the most influential writers in
the modernist avant-garde of the early
20th century

Shows the real life of people in

Dublin and Criticism against Catholic

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James Joyce
Left for Paris,
Death of his Moved to
Mother Switzer Land

Enrolled Met his Got married

University fiance
College Nora
Dublin Barnacle

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James Joyce
• Chamber Music (1907)

• Dubliners (1914)

• Exile (1915)

• A Portrait of the

Artist as a Young Man (1916)

• Ulysses (1922)

• Finnegans Wake (1939)

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James Joyce

Collection of 15 short stories

Form a naturalistic depiction of Irish
middle class life in and around
Dublin

Many of the characters in Dubliners

later appear in minor roles in Joyce's
novel Ulysses

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James Joyce

- Stream of
Consciousness

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References
1. Wikipedia

2. 근대영문학의 흐름 (여홍상 저)

3. 영미문학의 길잡이(고세현 저)

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Q&A

Please Feel Free

To Ask Any Question!

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Thank you

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