1

Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture

HA and Data Protection On-Premises and in the Cloud

Jony Safi - Consulting Member of Technical Staff

Exadata and MAA Best Practices

Oracle High Availability Systems Development, Server Technologies

Copyright © 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Program Agenda

1 Oracle MAA - Overview

2 Oracle MAA Reference Architectures
3 Exadata MAA
4 What’s coming in MAA

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Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA)

Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA) is Oracle's best practices

blueprint based on proven Oracle high availability technologies and
recommendations. The goal of MAA is to achieve the optimal high
availability architecture at the lowest cost and complexity.

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Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA)
High Availability and Data Protection

• Service-level oriented
Production Copy
• Prevent business outages
Database
Replication • Protect Oracle data
• Oracle’s HA Blueprint

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Oracle MAA and the Cloud
Designed to Address the Complete Range of Business Requirements

Oracle
Database

On Premises On Cloud

Common Platform – On Premises, Cloud, and Hybrid Cloud

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Oracle MAA – Customer Proven

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2016,Oracle
Oracleand/or
and/orits
itsaffiliates.
affiliates.All
Allrights
rights reserved.
reserved. || Oracle Confidential – Internal 7
Program Agenda

1 Oracle MAA - Overview

2 Oracle MAA Reference Architectures
3 Exadata MAA
4 What’s coming in MAA

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Reference Architectures – Level Set
• Developed and validated by Oracle
• Capabilities carry forward as you progress from one architecture to the next
• HA Blueprint that addresses stated HA service levels by leveraging:
– Utilization of prescribed HA capabilities and validated architectures
– Utilization of prescribed configuration best practices
– Due diligence during pre-production testing and operational practices
• MAA and PM teams working with Cloud Team
– Goal to provide best HA options with 1) MAA validated reference architectures and
blueprints and 2) MAA verified managed services

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Oracle MAA Reference Architectures
Align Oracle Capabilities with Customer Service Level Requirements
PLATINUM
Mission Critical
GOLD
SILVER Business Critical
Gold +
Prod/Departmental Advanced capabilities that make
BRONZE Silver + outages transparent to users
Dev, Test, Prod Bronze + Physical replication,
Active / Active zero data loss, fast failover
Automated restart, database clustering
restore from backup

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/availability/maa-reference-architectures-2244929.pdf

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Bronze
Reference
Architecture

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 Bronze: Single Instance
RTO of Minutes to Days, RPO From Last Backup
Oracle Restart , Online Maintenance
Corruption Protection
Flashback Technologies
HA capabilities included with single-
Recovery Manager instance Oracle Database
Single Instance Database Off-site backups
(disk / tape / cloud)
Supports all consolidation strategies
VMs – Multiple databases on a single
physical machine
– VM for dedicated resources
– Oracle Multitenant for lowest cost
Multitenant

For unrecoverable outages:
Backups
– Restore from backup

For disaster recovery (DR):
Dedicated Databases
– Offsite on-disk backup or tape
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Data Corruption Protection for Oracle Databases
Validation, Detection and Repair in Memory, during I/O and on Disk

• DB_BLOCK_CHECKSUM, DB_BLOCK_CHECKING
– Compute checksum on change and catches corruptions in memory
– Validate checksum on read and update (DETECTION)
– Prevents corrupted block to be written to disk (PREVENTION)
– Recover using good data block and redo (REPAIR)

Bad Good
• Automatic Storage Management
SCN SCN – Data Corruption or I/O error triggers repair (DETECTION/REPAIR)
– Reads extent copies for good copy (PREVENTION of ERROR)
– Good writes can correct existing corruptions (REPAIR)

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 @T1 Col-1 Col-.. Col-n

Flashback Technologies Row-1 abby 1234 officer

Row-2 ben 8834 mgr
Rewind Button for Oracle Databases Row-3 Charlie 9837 officer

• Fast point-in-time recovery (PITR) without Row-n tom 8793 vp Wrong

Update
expensive restore operation @T2 Col-1 Col-.. Col-n
Row-1 tom 1234 vp
• Error investigation Row-2 ben 8834 vp

– View data as of previous point in time Flashback Row-3 charlie 9837 vp

Table
Row-n tom 8793 vp
• Error correction
Batch
– Back-out a transaction Update
– Incorrect table updates
– Rewind the entire database DB @ T1 DB @ T2

• Rolling upgrades, Snapshot Standby Flashback

Wrong Update
Database

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Oracle Recovery Manager - RMAN
Database Integrated Backup and Recovery
• Unique knowledge of database file
formats and recovery procedures
– Oracle block validation RMAN Disk Tape

– Online block-level recovery

– Native encryption, compression
– Table/partition-level recovery
Tape
– Oracle Multitenant support
• Tape and cloud backups
Fast Recovery
• Unified Management
Data Files Area (FRA) Cloud

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Oracle Database Backup Cloud Service (PaaS)
Offsite Backups with Simple and Low Cost Cloud Storage Oracle Database Backup
Cloud Service
• Backup on-premise or Cloud
Databases to Oracle Database On-Premises Cloud Databases
Backup Service hosted in Oracle
Cloud
• Cost effective, scalable cloud
Oracle Database Cloud
storage for database backups Backup Module
(10.2 and above)
• End-to-end enterprise-grade data
Oracle
encryption, compression and RMAN
protection Databases /
Oracle Cloud FRA
• Geo-Replication, 3-way
Protection in the cloud Oracle Database Backup Cloud Service
https://cloud.oracle.com/database_backup
• RMAN driven backup & recovery
Chicago Ashburn
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 Unplanned Outages and Planned Maintenance
Bronze - Single Instance Oracle Database
Data Loss
Events Downtime
Potential
Database instance failure Minutes Zero
Unplanned
Outages

Recoverable server failure Minutes to hour Zero

Data corruptions, unrecoverable server failure, database or Since last
Hours to days
site failures backup
Online file move, reorganization/redefinition, and patching Zero Zero
Hardware or operating system maintenance and database patches
Minutes to hours Zero
Maintenance

that cannot be done online

Planned

Database upgrades: patch sets and full database releases Minutes to hours Zero
Platform migrations Hours to a day Zero
Application upgrades that modify back-end database objects Hours to days Zero

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance: Sub-second RPO
Recovery Appliance Unified Management
Protected (ZDLRA)
Databases
Offloads
Delta Push Tape
Backup
• Access and send only changes
• Minimal impact on production
• Data Guard real-time redo ship
instantly protects new transactions

Delta Store – virtual full backups

Protects all Oracle Databases • Stores validated, compressed changes on disk Replicates to a
• Petabytes of data • Fast restores to any point-in-time using deltas remote Recovery
• Oracle 10.2-12c, any platform • Built on Exadata scaling and resilience Appliance for disaster
• No expensive backup agents • Enterprise Manager end-to-end control recovery

Validation and Corruption Protection Everywhere

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 Protection from Corruptions that can Impact Recovery
The Appliance Understands and Validates Oracle Database Formats End-to-end

Tape Archive
• Data validated when copied
• Data validated on receive to and restored from tape
• Data periodically revalidated
• Data validated on restore
• Built using MAA practices Remote Replica for DR
• Automatic disk scrub/repair • Data validated on receipt,
protects on-disk backups when restored, and at
periodic intervals
• Automatic disk scrub and
repair
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 Unplanned Outages and Planned Maintenance
Bronze - Single Instance Oracle Database with ZDLRA
Data Loss
Events Downtime
Potential
Database instance failure Minutes Zero
Unplanned
Outages

Minutes to
Recoverable server failure Zero
hours
Data corruptions, unrecoverable server failure, database or Near-zero with
Hours to days
site failures ZDLRA redo transport

Online file move, reorganization/redefinition, and patching Zero Zero

Hardware or operating system maintenance and database patches

Maintenance

Minutes to hours Zero

that cannot be done online
Planned

Database upgrades: patch sets and full database releases Minutes to hours Zero
Platform migrations Hours to a day Zero

Application upgrades that modify back-end database objects Hours to days Zero

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Silver
Reference
Architecture

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Silver: High Availability with Fast Failover
RTO of Seconds for Server Failures, RPO near Zero with ZDLRA

HA Cluster Off-site backups
Active-Active clustering with Oracle RAC

(tape / cloud)
– All nodes active at all times
– Real-time failover

Active-passive with RAC One Node
– Automatic failover, fast restart
on a second node

Zero downtime rolling maintenance
Multitenant across RAC instances
Backups – Hardware and OS maintenance
– Qualified Oracle Database patches

Dedicated Databases

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Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC)
• Enables shared access by two or more database
instances to a single Oracle Database
App Server
• Very Scalable
Reads/Writes
– All instances active
– Add capacity online
Instances – Ideal for database consolidation
HA Cluster
• Highly Available
Reads/Writes – Auto-failover of services to an already running instance
– Outage is transparent to user, in-flight transactions succeed
– Zero downtime rolling maintenance
Database

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Oracle Real Application Clusters (Oracle RAC)
Node Failure, Instance Failure, Rolling Maintenance
Primary Site • Enables shared access by two or more
database instances to a single Oracle Database
Application • Very Scalable
Tier
– All instances active; Add capacity online; Ideal for
database consolidation
• Highly Available
– Auto-failover of services to an already running
Database instance; Outage is transparent to user, in-flight
Services Database transactions succeed; Zero downtime rolling
Tier maintenance
• Application quickly and seamlessly reconnect
Primary Database to surviving instance on failure, no tcp timeout

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 Unplanned Outages and Planned Maintenance
Silver – High Availability with Fast Failover
Events Downtime Data Loss Potential

Database instance failure Seconds if RAC Zero

Unplanned
Outages

Recoverable server failure Seconds if RAC Zero

Since last backup, or
Data corruptions, database unable to restart, site failure Hours to days Near-zero with ZDLRA
redo transport
Online file move, reorganization/redefinition, and patching Zero Zero
Hardware or O.S. maintenance and database patches that can’t
Maintenance

Zero Zero
be done online but qualified for RAC rolling install
Planned

Database upgrades: patch sets and full database releases Minutes to hours Zero
Platform migrations Hours to a day Zero

App upgrades that modify back-end database objects Hours to days Zero

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 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
21:40:56
21:45:05
21:49:14
21:53:23
21:57:32
22:01:42
22:05:51
22:10:00
22:14:09
22:18:18
22:22:27
22:26:36
22:30:45
22:34:54
22:39:03
22:43:13
22:47:22
22:51:31
22:55:40
22:59:49
23:03:58
23:08:07
23:12:16
23:16:25
23:20:34
23:24:44
23:28:53
23:33:02
23:37:11
23:41:20
23:45:29
23:49:38
23:53:47
23:57:56
0:02:05
Transaction Per Second

0:06:15
0:10:24
0:14:33
0:18:42
0:22:51
0:27:00
0:31:09
0:35:18
0:39:27
0:43:36
0:47:45
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0:51:55
0:56:04
1:00:13
1:04:22
1:08:31
1:12:40
1:16:49
1:20:58
1:25:07
1:29:16
1:33:25
1:37:35
OLTP Workload During Planned Maintenance with RAC

stop/starts
application

26
No impact to

during service
Gold
Reference
Architecture

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 Gold: Comprehensive HA/DR
RTO of Seconds to Minutes, RPO of Zero or Near-Zero

Site A Site B

Real-time data protection, HA and DR
HA Cluster HA Cluster using Active Data Guard
– Best corruption protection
– Zero or near-zero data loss
Database – Automatic database failover
Replication – Offload read-only and backups
sync/async
Flexible logical replication using Oracle
Backups
GoldenGate
Backups
– Replica open read-write

Coordinated site failover using
Tape Oracle Site Guard

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Active Data Guard: Advanced Data Protection and ROI
Best Disaster Protection plus ROI

Primary Data Center DR Data Center Offload read-only

workload to open
standby database

SYNC or ASYNC

Automatic Block Repair

Offload Fast
Incremental
Enterprise Manager Cloud Control Backups

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Storage Remote Mirroring Architecture Provides Zero Data Protection
Generic - Must Transmit Writes to All Files Results in Outages of hours to Days
Higher Data Loss
Primary Database Mirrored Volumes

Oracle Instance (in memory)

• Zero Oracle validation
• 7x network volume
• 27x network i/o
SYNC or ASYNC
block replication

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Data Guard Addresses Shortcomings of Storage Replication
Inadequate isolation, zero application-level validation

“…when something happens in the I/O stack and a database write is

malformed Symmetrix A happily replicates the faulty data to site B and
the corruption goes undetected”
EMC BLOG with Integrity

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 31

Oracle Data Protection
Gold – Comprehensive Data Protection
Capability Physical Block Corruption Logical Block Corruption
Dbverify, Logical checks for intra-block and
Manual

Physical block checks

Analyze inter-object consistency
RMAN, ASM Physical block checks Intra-block logical checks
• Continuous physical block checking at standby • Detect lost write corruption, auto
Active Data • Strong isolation to prevent single point of failure shutdown and failover
Guard • Automatic repair of physical corruptions • Intra-block logical checks at
Runtime

• Automatic database failover standby

Database In-memory block and redo checksum In-memory intra-block checks

ASM Automatic corruption detection and repair using extent pairs

Exadata HARD checks on write, automatic disk scrub and repair HARD checks on write

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Oracle Cloud: Disaster Recovery using Data Guard
Real-time Data Protection across Separate Data Centers
• Automated High Availability deployment using Data Guard during Database Provisioning
process (DBCS)
– Choose Disaster Recovery
• Deploys Primary and Standby databases in two different datacenters within the same
region
– Chicago  Ashburn
– Amsterdam   Slough
• Protects from Site failures
• Switchover, Failover, Reinstate operations
• Data Guard or Active Data Guard deployed depending on the subscription
– Extreme Performance: Active Data Guard
– Enterprise / High Performance: Data Guard

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 33

 Unplanned Outages and Planned Maintenance
Gold – Comprehensive HA and Data Protection
Events Downtime Data Loss Potential

Database instance failure Seconds Zero

Unplanned
Outages

Recoverable server failure Seconds Zero

Near-zero if ASYNC
Data corruptions, database unable to restart, site failure Zero to minutes
Zero if SYNC
Online file move, reorganization/redefinition, and patching Zero Zero
Hardware or operating system maintenance and database
Maintenance

patches that cannot be done online but are qualified for RAC Zero Zero
Planned

rolling install
Database upgrades: patch sets, full database releases Seconds Zero
Platform migrations Seconds Zero

Application upgrades that modify database objects Hours to days Zero

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Platinum
Reference
Architecture

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 Platinum
Zero Application Outage for Platinum Ready Applications

Outages masked from applications,

Global Data Services in-flight transactions preserved
Application Continuity
Site A Site B – Application Continuity
Backups
Zero data loss failover, LAN or WAN
Backups
– Active Data Guard / Far Sync
Database
Bi-directional replication and zero
Replication downtime maintenance
sync – Oracle GoldenGate

Online patching for applications
Tape – Edition-based Redefinition

Bi-directional Tape
Automated workload management

replication – Oracle Global Data Services

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Application Continuity
Mask Outages from the End-User (applicable for Oracle Weblogic, UCP, in some cases JDBC and JDBC Thin Driver)
1 User performs a web checkout from an e-commerce site
6
User transaction arrives at application infrastructure and makes
2
1 its way through the app-server tier and results in a database
End User
transaction being created.

Application Servers
3
The infrastructure hosting the database fails just before the
transaction is committed to the database.
4
JDBC driver detects the failure and checks with an available
4
Network Switches node in the cluster, using “Transaction Guard”, whether the
2 5
transaction committed or needs to be replayed.

If transaction needs to be replayed, “Application Continuity”

5 submits in-flight work to a surviving node in the cluster and
Database Servers
3
performs a commit, transparently to the application

6 The user receives confirmation that the website order has been
successfully completed.

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 37

 Active Data Guard Far Sync
Zero Data Loss Protection at Any Distance
Zero Data Loss
Failover
SYNC ASYNC
Limited distance Any distance
transport compression over WAN

Far Sync Instance

Primary Database • Oracle control file and log files Active Standby Database
• Production copy • No database files • Zero data loss failover target
• No media recovery • DR and reporting instance
• Offload transport compression • Open read-only
• Supports up to thirty remote • Continuous Oracle validation
destinations • Manual or automatic failover

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 Using GoldenGate to Reduce RTO to Zero
Active-Active Replication for Zero Downtime Maintenance and Migrations

Trail
Trail
Capture Pump Files Delivery
Files

Delivery
Trail LAN / WAN / Internet Pump
Trail Capture
Files Files
Over TCP/IP
Source & Target Target & Source
Oracle & Non-Oracle Database(s) Bi-directional Oracle & Non-Oracle Database(s)

• A local GoldenGate replica is used for zero-downtime maintenance and migrations

• Bi-directional replication enables gradual migration of users to new version
• Requires application aware conflict detection and resolution
• Source and target each require a Data Guard standby for zero data loss protection during unplanned outages

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 39

GoldenGate Cloud Service
Database as a Service GoldenGate Cloud Service
 Real-time Data Replication
Service in Oracle Cloud via
Database Subscription or Hourly basis
GGCS Cloud Service
Key Benefits
 Changed Data delivery is more
GoldenGate effective than batch processes
Exadata
Cloud Service  No Data Loss reliable and
Capture

Deliver
Route
Pump
Trail

proven core GG technology

Hadoop as a Service*  Realtime Data always up to the
moment replication & visibility
GGCS
3rd Party Cloud
Big Data
Cloud Service
 Migrate from Amazon any
database from AWS RDS
3rd Party Cloud  Deliver to 3rd Party Clouds
GoldenGate
from on-premise databases

*: Expected in CY2017
Copyright © 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 40
Edition-Based Redefinition
Online Application Upgrade

• Enables application upgrades to be performed online

• Code changes installed in the privacy of a new edition
• Data changes are made safely by writing only to new columns or new tables
not seen by the old edition
• An editioning view exposes a different projection of a table into each edition
to allow each to see just its own columns
• A crossedition trigger propagates data changes made by the old edition into
the new edition’s columns, or (in hot-rollover) vice-versa

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

 Unplanned Outages and Planned Maintenance
Platinum – Zero Outage for Platinum Ready Applications
Events Downtime Data Loss Potential
Database instance failure Zero application outage Zero
Unplanned
Outages

Recoverable server failure Zero application outage Zero

Data corruption, database unable to restart, site failure Zero application outage Zero
Online file move, reorganization/redefinition, patching Zero application outage Zero
Hardware or operating system maintenance and database
patches that cannot be done online but are qualified for Zero application outage Zero
Maintenance
Planned

RAC rolling install

Database upgrades: patch sets, full database releases Zero application outage Zero
Platform migrations Zero application outage Zero

Application upgrades that modify database objects Zero application outage Zero

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Database High Availability on Oracle Cloud
Same Capabilities, On-Premises, Cloud & Hybrid Cloud
PLATINUM
GOLD Mission Critical

Business Critical
SILVER Gold +
Prod/Departmental
BRONZE Silver + Exadata Cloud Service +
Zero Downtime
Bronze + GoldenGate Cloud Service
Dev, Test, Prod DB Enterprise
Zero Data Loss
Loss Golden Gate Cloud
Maintenance Svc.
/ Migration
Zero
CloudData
Service
DB Enterprise
Zero Downtime DR
HA to
andthe
DRCloud Use Case
Cloud (Active) Data Guard
Zero Data Loss
Backup
DB and and
Enterprise RAC Service
High Availability
Backup to the Oracle RAC
Recovery
Backup Cloud
Cloud Use Case
Services

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/availability/maa-reference-architectures-2244929.pdf

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 43

MAA Best Practices References
• MAA is Oracle database HA blueprint
– Validated and Maintained, Successful customers, Evolving with each release
– Great entry to key options: RAC, ADG, GG, Exadata, In-Memory, Sharding
• MAA Reference Architecture tied to potential target SLAs
– Require configuration and operational best practices
• Collateral – www.oracle.com/goto/maa
• Presentations – OOW
• Demos - http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/demonstrations-092317.html
• Case Studies - http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/availability/ha-casestudies-098033.html

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 46

Program Agenda

1 Oracle MAA - Overview

2 Oracle MAA Reference Architectures
3 Exadata MAA
4 What’s coming in MAA

Copyright © 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 47

 Exadata Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA)
Designed and Tested to Handle All Failure Scenarios
Within Exadata Within a Site Across Sites
Redundant Local standby for HA Remote standby for
Hardware Failover Disaster Recovery
Servers, Disks,
Redo-based Redundant Redundant
Flash, Network,
change Systems Systems
Power
replication with
Redundant Redundant
Redundant data consistency
DATABASE IN-MEMORY

DATABASE IN-MEMORY

DATABASE IN-MEMORY
Databases Databases
Software checking
Active clusters, Online patching,
Disk/flash mirroring reconfiguration,
expansion
LAN WAN

Best MAA Database Platform | Fastest RAC Instance and Node Failure Recovery | Fastest Backup - RMAN Offload to Storage
Deep ASM Mirroring Integration | Fastest Data Guard Redo Apply | Complete Failure Testing with Lowest Brownouts

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 48

Exadata Maximum Availability Architecture (MAA)
Exadata MAA Delivers 99.999% Uptime per IDC

• For many years HP Integrity (Tandem) NonStop and

IBM z-systems are considered the Gold Standard for
high availability
• IDC classifies Exadata when deployed in a full MAA
configuration in same category of fault tolerant
systems as the above two

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Exadata Cloud: Compatible – Scalable – Available – Secure
Decades of Database Innovation Proven at Millions of Mission-Critical Deployments

Multitenant Offload SQL to Storage

In-Memory DB InfiniBand Fabric

Real Application PCI Flash
Smart Flash Cache, Log
Clusters
Active Data Guard Storage Indexes

Partitioning
All Oracle All Exadata Columnar Flash Cache
Database DB Machine
Advanced Hybrid Columnar
Compression Innovations Innovations Compression 10:1
HCC

I/O I/O I/O

Advanced Security, I/O Resource
Label Security, DB Vault Management
Real Application Network Resource
Testing Management
Advanced Analytics, In-Memory Fault
Spatial and Graph Tolerance
Management Packs for Exafusion
Oracle Database Direct-to-Wire Protocol

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 50

Program Agenda

1 Oracle MAA - Overview

2 Oracle MAA Reference Architectures
3 Exadata MAA
4 What’s coming in MAA

Copyright © 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | 51

Addressing Enterprise Database Requirements
Oracle Maximum Availability Architecture and Oracle Cloud

Oracle
Database

On Premises On Cloud

Common Platform – On Premises, Cloud, and Hybrid Cloud

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53