Chemistry--Unit 5: Stoichiometry

Practice Problems

I. Stoichiometry
1) Given the balanced equation 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g), how many moles of O2 are
produced from twelve moles of KClO3?

3 mol O2
12 mol KClO 3 18 mol O2
2 mol KClO 3

2) Using the equation from problem 1, how many moles of O2 are produced from 14 moles of
KCl?

3 mol O2
14 mol KCl 21 mol O2
2 mol KCl

3) Calculate the number of grams of NO2 that are produced from 4 moles of NO given the
equation 2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g).

2 mol NO2 46.01 g NO2

4 mol NO 184.04 g NO2
2 mol NO 1 mol NO2

4) Calculate the mass of O2 produced from the decomposition of 75.0 g of KClO3 given the
equation 2KClO3(s) → 2KCl(s) + 3O2(g).

1 mol KClO3 3 mol O2 32 g O2

75 g KClO3 29.38 g O2
122.55 g KClO3 2 mol KClO3 1 mol O2

5) Calculate the mass of Ag needed to react with Cl2 to produce 84 g of silver chloride. The
equation for this reaction is 2Ag + Cl2  2AgCl.

1 mol AgCl 2 mol Ag 107.91 g Ag

84 g AgCl 63.23 g Ag
143.36 g AgCl 2 mol AgCl 1 mol Ag

6) How many liters of carbon monoxide at STP are needed to react with 4.80 g of O2 to produce
CO2? The equation for this reaction is 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g).

1 mol O2 2 mol CO 22.4 L CO

4.80 g O2 6.72 L CO
32 g O2 1 mol O2 1 mol CO

7) A volume of 7.5 L of hydrogen gas at STP was produced from the single-replacement
reaction of zinc with nitric acid (Zn + 2HNO3  Zn(NO3)2 + H2). Calculate the mass of Zn
needed for this reaction.

1 mol H 2 1 mol Zn 65.39 g Zn

7.5 L H 2 21.89 g Zn
22.4 L H 2 1 mol H 2 1 mol Zn
Chemistry--Unit 5: Stoichiometry
Practice Problems
8) Calculate the number of liters of oxygen gas needed to produce 15.0 liters of N 2O3. Assume
all gases are at the same conditions of temperature and pressure and react according to this
balanced equation: 2N2(g) + 3O2(g) → 2N2O3(g).

1 mol N 2 O3 3 mol O2 ?? L O2
15.0 L N 2 O3 22.5 L O2
?? L N 2 O3 2 mol N 2 O3 1 mol O2
----or----
3 L O2
15.0 L N 2 O3 22.5 L O2
2 L N 2 O3

9) Given the balanced equation 2H2 + O2  2H2O, how many molecules of water are produced
from 2.0 x 1023 molecules of oxygen?

1 mol O2 2 mol H 2 O 6.02 10 23 molecules H 2 O

2.0 10 23 molecules O2 4.0 10 23 molecules
6.02 10 23 molecules O2 1 mol O2 1 mol H 2 O
----or----

2 molecules H 2 O
2.0 10 23 molecules O2 4.0 10 23 molecules
1 molecules O2

II. Limiting Reagent and Percent Yield

10) How many moles of water can be made from 4 moles of oxygen gas and 5 moles of hydrogen
gas? What is the limiting reagent? (5 mol H2O, LR is H2)

2H2 + O2  2H2O
start 5 mol 4 mol 0 mol
–2.5 mol
end 0 mol 1.5 mol 5 mol

11) Calculate the mass of water produced from the reaction of 50 g of H2 and 300 g of O2. What
is the limiting reagent? (337.88 g H2O, LR is O2)

1 mol H 2 1 mol O2
50 g H 2 24.75 mol H 2 300 g O2 9.38 mol O2
2.02 g H 2 32 g O2

2H2 + O2  2H2O
start 24.75 mol 9.38 mol 0 mol
–18.75 mol
end 6 mol 0 mol 18.75 mol

18.02 g H 2 O
18.75 mol H 2 O 337.88 g H 2 O
1 mol H 2 O
Chemistry--Unit 5: Stoichiometry
Practice Problems
12) The burning of 18.0 g of carbon produces 55.0 g of carbon dioxide according to the reaction
C + O2  CO2. What is the theoretical yield of CO2? Calculate the percent yield of CO2.

1 mol C 1 mol CO2 44.01 g CO2

18.0 g C 65.96 g CO2
12.01 g C 1 mol C 1 mol CO2

actual yield 55 g CO2

% yield 100 % yield CO2 100 % yield CO2 83.38%
theoretica l yield 65.96 g CO2

13) Calculate the percent yield of Cl2(g) in the electrolytic decomposition of hydrogen chloride if
25.8 g of HCl produces 13.6 g of chlorine gas. The balanced equation for this reaction is
2HCl  H2 + Cl2.

1 mol HCl 1 mol Cl 2 70.90 g Cl 2

25.8 g HCl 25.09 g Cl 2
36.46 g HCl 2 mol HCl 1 mol Cl 2

actual yield 13.6 g Cl 2

% yield 100 % yield Cl 2 100 % yield Cl 2 54.22%
theoretica l yield 25.09 g Cl 2

14) One method for reclaiming silver metal from silver chloride results in a 94.6% yield.
Calculate the actual mass of silver that can be produced in this reaction if 100.0 g of AgCl is
converted to silver metal. 2AgCl(s) → 2Ag(s) + Cl2(g)

1 mol AgCl 2 mol Ag 107.91 g Ag

100 g AgCl 75.27 g Ag
143.36 g AgCl 2 mol AgCl 1 mol Ag

actual yield actual g Ag

% yield 100 94.6% 100 actual g Ag 71.21 g Ag
theoretica l yield 75.27 g Ag

15) What is the actual amount of MgO produced when excess CO2 reacts with 42.8 g of Mg(s)?
The percent yield of MgO(s) for this reaction is 81.7%. 2Mg(s) + CO2(g) → 2MgO(s) + C(s)

1 mol Mg 2 mol MgO 40.31 g MgO

42.8 g Mg 70.97 g MgO
24.31 g Mg 2 mol Mg 1 mol MgO

actual yield actual g MgO

% yield 100 81.7% 100 actual g MgO 57.98 g MgO
theoretica l yield 70.97 g MgO
Chemistry--Unit 5: Stoichiometry
Practice Problems
III. Titrations
16) Titration reveals that 11.6 mL of 3.0 M sulfuric acid, H2SO4, are required to neutralize the
sodium hydroxide in 25.00 mL of NaOH solution. What is the molarity of the NaOH
solution? The titration reaction is H2SO4(aq) + 2NaOH(aq)  Na2SO4(aq) + 2HOH(l).

1 L H 2 SO4 3 mol H 2 SO4 2 mol NaOH

11.6 mL H 2 SO4 0.0696 mol NaOH
1000 mL H 2 SO4 1 L H 2 SO4 1 mol H 2 SO4

0.0696 mol NaOH

2.78 M NaOH
0.025 L NaOH

17) A titration of 10.0 mL of HCl requires 15.5 mL of 0.50 M NaOH. What is the molarity of
the HCl? The titration reaction is HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + HOH(l).

1 L NaOH 0.5 mol NaOH 1 mol HCl

15.5 mL NaOH 0.00775 mol HCl
1000 mL NaOH 1 L NaOH 1 mol NaOH

0.00775 mol HCl

0.775 M HCl
0.010 L HCl

18) If 48.9 mL of 0.750 M HCl are needed in a titration to neutralize a solution of NaOH, how
many grams of solid NaOH were dissolved in water to make the solution? The titration
reaction is HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)  NaCl(aq) + HOH(l).

1 L HCl 0.75 mol HCl 1 mol NaOH 40.00 g NaOH

48.9 mL HCl 1.47 g NaOH
1000 mL HCl 1 L HCl 1 mol HCl 1 mol NaOH

19) A solid acid with a molar mass of 56.98 g/mol can be used to titrate an unknown NaOH
solution. If 5.48 × 10-3 g of this acid are used, what volume, in mL, of 0.00250 M NaOH
would be needed to reach the equivalence point? Assume a mole:mole ratio of acid:base to
be 2:1.

1 mol acid 1 mol NaOH 1 L NaOH 1000 mL NaOH

5.48 10 3 g acid 19.23 mL NaOH
56.98 g acid 2 mol acid 0.00250mol NaOH 1 L NaOH