Common Name IUPAC Name

AIkylhali.de/2-XAlkylhalidehalideAlk#dHsd
Methyl chloride Chloro methane

AkoholR-OHAlky.la/ooholAIka#

CH
,
-
OH Methyl alcohol Methanol

t-theT-o-Rzh-lky.LA/kyleth#koxyakane

de Hs -

o -

dats Diethyl ether Ethoxyethane

AIdehydep.IH-aldehydeatkanalicttz.CH Ethan aldehyde Ethanol

O
It

ketoner-c-Rz-yh-ykketoneh-lkanoned.tt O
It

dis -
DH -
d -

dHz z -
Methyl -
a -
butanone

:
daoboxylioacidR-c-ottdaoboxyalkaneAIkanoioaci.IO
It
in Botanic acid
OH
O
It

Esterk-d-o-RIAlkylacylateh-lky.la/kano#
O
It

dHzdHa d - -

o -

CHS Methyl propanoate

O

AmideR-d-NHeAcylamideAlkanami#
It

AMNER-NHEAlkylamine-lkanami.net

.
coots -
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Ex
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o -
> =
> =
Acyclic alkane dnH2nt2
Cn Hen
cyolouuwane

Isomer = two different compounds w/ same molecular formula .

ddH8 Meth Hex Undec

EX

www.anedycloalkane
.

Eth Hep Dodeo

① dHzdH2dH2dHs Butane
Tridec
Prop Oct

② ditz -
OH -

CH ,
Iso butane I e -
Methyl propane But Non Tetra dec

Ct Pent Dec Eicosceo )

Hz

c c
I
I I
' -

d -
d d -
c d -

d -

c
c
-

- -

a I
I l
I
d c d

Primary carbon secondary carbon Tertiary carbon Quaternary carbon

A Prefix +
parent suffix A what is the functional ?
Naming Alkane
+
.
go .

What I where &

chain?
are
What is the longest C

the substituents ?
① Find the parent hydrocarbon

at the longest continuous chain of carbon atom .

?
CHS
I 5
b) if two different chains of equal lenght
G
.
are present - CH ,

a I dHz
( Hz
; choose the one w/ the larger number of branch points .
,

Tert-butyl cyclopentane 2

① Number the atom in the main chain .

Ctb

i. 3- Dimethyl cyclohexane
a.) beginning @ the end nearer the first branch point .

b.) if there is branching an equal distance away from

both end

; being the end nearer the second branch point .

Ctb

③ Identify & number the substituents .

Methyl cyclohexane Butyl cyclohexane

a .
) assign a number to each substituent according to its point

of attachment to the main chain .

b.) if there are two substituents on the same carbon ,

give them
CH z
both the same number .
I

CH
cuts
Cyclo butyl hexane
- -

1-

④ Name a complex substituent I parent

a
6

5 I

d
2
8

63
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3

2
5

I y g

I
3
I - Seo -
buthyl -
s -
methyl cyclohexane
2

5- C 1,2 dimethyl propyl ) -

e -
methyl non ane
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quaternary
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Isobutylchloridectb-IB-cth-BB.CH

, 2,4 -
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OH s -
Hexenoio acid

zfs Chloro
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.

-
 ABMRMIhanednthn.ie

dommohttta
It
Methane

4th Ethane

tttt Propane

Htt dH#CtH3 Butane n -

Butane

Ma
C Hz

CHS -
DH -

Ctb 2- Methyl propane Iso butane

Pentane
↳H2 d#tdHdHdb Pentane n -

DHS

¥h#hhH , e- Methyl butane Isopentane

d
,H3
Neo pentane
2.2 -

Dimethyl propane

CHS

Ht

dttz-dtlz-dttz-d.tt#Hz-dH3dH3dHz-dit-dHz-&-dH3dH3

CHz-dttz.ci#-dHzd,HsdH.-d-dHz-dH3MdH3dHzdH3

ctb-ai.ci#b

Physical Property

I .
B. p I .
M.p .

ar .
atom Together :
d

e. I alissa's c -
c -
c -
c > c -
I -

a . Density H2O > HC

3
.
e. £31881 ( EN 939 d HH Griffith )
BeparationofAIkaneMh

i. I Hydrogenation .

( =L
HI HI dHz
-

Ptl Pdl Ni
c =D

Pt
A
V

It's rn
Pt

e)

Grignaodreaotionk
-

Mgx → Ctbmgdl Methyl magnisiumdoride

R -

x +
Mg → R -

Mgx
Its R H
-
+
Mglothx

ex .
CHzdHaMgB8 t NHS + Hzot
 Reactionof-Alkane.MU

Atkanet02→C0z-t#

Ust . CHA -1202 →

coat 2h20

2dzHGt 702 → 402+6/-120

dhlorine Hydrochloric acid

N for
that da
• → dtbdl +
HOO

that B⑧z
→ Ctb Bo t
H⑧
ttaogerat.tn ! K Hydrobromic acid
.
Boomin

I Abdo halogen )

dHd
÷ dtbdlt Hdl
-÷ Check -124dL dHdzt3Hd÷ ddlatdttd
+Br Bromogenationq Methane Methyl chloride
Dichloromethane Trichloromethane Carbon tetrachloride
+
dl dhlorogenation
( Chloroform )

dHzdHz¥dHzdHzBr t HBO

Ethane Ethyl bromide I Bromo ethane

dHzdHedHz ¥ dHzdHeCH2Bf HBR

Propane Propyl bromide / Bromo

propane

ODD -

Bo
I

CHZ -
CH -

CHS +
H Br

2- Bromo propane I Isopropyl bromide I sea -

Propyl bromide

DHS
CHS
i
42
DHS DH dHz DHS dit dl
-
dHz Hdl
- - - -

-
+

Iso butane le Methyl

-

propane i -
Chloro -
e .

methyl propane I Iso butyl chloride

.

0⑧

443

dHz -
d -
dH3 t Hdl

I
Teo -

butyl chloride 12 - Chloro e

methyl propane
- -
 Athene cnthn

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The longest continuous chain that includes the double bond forms the base of the Alkene and the
name chain is numbered in
,

the direction that gives the doub

IUPAC COMMON NAME

delta Ethene Ethylene * Ethylene is an acceptable for Ethene in the TUPAC

system
synonym .

↳ HG Propene Propylene

Cath Butene Butylene

dH3

dHz - I -_dH2 Iso butylene

2- Methyl propene

dHz=dH dHz - -
CH , I -
Butene

dHz CH -
-
- CH -

dHz 2 -
Butene

pqsarationofh-lkene.MN

Hydrogenation .

He
HCICH - Had =dH2

Ethyne Ethene

H2
-
dHz -

DICH dHz -

dH=dHz

Poopyne Propene

Hz
d④3
,
'
④ 3

Ab -
d =-D -

dHz → D= d dis -

e - butene
Pd -

Basta ' '

④ ④
BHS A
Li , r
→ de Trans -
a - butene
'
49 NHS I
take Hoff • ④ ,

2.DE#hatogenationHxCHz-dHz-d1aky.tdHz=dHz
+
HCl

A OH
CH -
di -

CH 's dHzdH=dH2 + HCl

,
ale .

a a
I I

dHz -
DH -

CHI d
'
KOH NaN H2
- dHz -

dH=dH2 - dHzdEdH
alc .

ditz -

I -
DH 's

d
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Po 3- Hexene ON .

86620628980 :qbEA8sn21
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2- Hexene

NCH 's

-
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I I I 11

# Br V

I - Bromo -
a -

methyl cyclohexane

a
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Cl

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d d

dttzditcitdtlz ¥I's2ndktdHzdH=dHlHz
d d
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l

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d -
L -

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i l Hotta

a 4

TIBI Ho Ac
At +
In Boe
,

d.Dehydoationo.tt
ft

C Hz -
CH -

dHz -
dH3dH=dH2 +
H2o

2- Propanol

Isopropyl alcohol

OH

t tho

C
ydohexanol Cyclohexane

OH

CHz -
dHz -
CH -

dH3 ts CHzdH=dHdH3 t H2O

s

2- Butanol I IUPAC )

Sec -

butyl alcohol c common )

* sanest

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CHzc=dH NUH dHz=IN+a + R

'
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x
- dH3d=dR
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t
NaN H2 -
-
+

CHIEH - Nad Edna t dHzBr - dH3d=ddH3

ex .
9960588 hexane Me ethylene dHe=dH2→→dHzdH2dHrdH2dH2dHs
* d dl
KOH talc NaN H2
dlz I l 1. .
1
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.

dHz=dHz →
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-

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=
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2. Nantz 2 .
dH3dH2Br
Reaotionofatkeneealkyndkmhgs.it

Garbo )
Hydrogenation I t H :

4-12=4-12

Ethene
th ctb -

ditz HSIN had Hh Ldl 20

Pt on PAN :
dH=dH Ethane alkan .
C 8842 )

Ethyne

e.) Halogen at ion I + atone halogen )

a d

cite ditz
Hf=dHz -

C Ha
s dHz -
Br t Hbo

Reaction of Hydrocarbon n

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f thot H -

helm

e) Elimination ; eiosisaan HC . i

want too Ishii 66489

3.) Substitution → Free radical Jex de ¥24 → CHA - dtbdl t

Hdl
\
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.

Nucleophilic ex dtbdl t OH - 4130 H t d

Electrophilic I Eaioaitsao benzene )

Swanton -

a.) Reduction 6002686 He

0 OH
" Li At
CHS
-

d -

dH3 - d -113 -
IH -

ditz

5.) Oxidation its o Gott

O o
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dHz -

d
-
H - DHS -

d -

OH
OH IS

a.) Hydration .

A tho NOH
tf HH
na
'
It's m
s I

OH
pytautomerization
OH 0
H2O I 11

dHzd=dH - dHzd=dH2 4-13 -

C -
dHz
Has Out Hgsoa
sulfate ] end form keto form
[ Mercury III )
O
H2O

dHzdHzd=cdHz
- dH3dH2d=dHdH3 ← dH3dHz -
I -

dHzdHz
Htltlgsoyld
 ¥
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5.) Hydroxylation I Bayer test harawira's 1168862 → gag → inane

OH
KMNOLI I

NX -
Aft +
Minor
room temp .

OH

8g.ppgEIi@18G.l
Oxidation 688080 H

O O
KMNOLI " II
dH3dH=dH2 - Utz -
d -

H t HoH
THIS
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: dolt H2O
CHZCOH
O
11
KMNOLI
dHz=dH2 - 2 HoH - 002 t H2O
OH ID
-

" O

CH ,
- I !
CHCH , - ctb
"%H3tdHzI°H
-
dHzI%Hz
t
dHsIoH

in :÷t÷*A÷o
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Hexanedioio acid

* *
7.1 Oxidation of Athene with 03

O O

Is
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dHzdH=dHz dttzd H
.

t
Hd H
-
-

sa
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coz +
H2O
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8. I Oxymerou ration - Deme revocation

HILO Ack eh

II
s,

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.

sanat

g.) Hydro borat ion -

oxidation A Heal NaOH

y
Diborane → Batts BH3
-

BH3
→

sonnet
OH

42021 NaOH
NY
S2
µ
.

no . ) Terminal alkyne reaction

AgN0slNHa OH
dH=d -

dH3 -

CUNG I NHLIOH
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Mechanism .
tho - ate He +
-
thot

dHzlHzdHzdH2 -

OH t dHzdH
-
-
CHCH } t
H2O
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on
DA jhhfffi.de
ftp.o . dH3dH=dHdHz

Mechanism .
CHzCH2dH2dH2 -
OH + tt⑧ F dH3dH2dH2dH2 H # dH3dH2dH28Hz +
H2o F-
CHZCHIIOHCH
's F or

dH3dH2dH=dH2
Ctb DHS
Ht
dHzdH2IHdHz dHsdH=I
OH
g- dHz
-

Mechanism .

CHzdthgfyyth-OHFTHG.tn
 XX AAA XX
A
H A I
H M I H A I

Phenanthrene
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Naphthalene Anthracene .
W

168
a

# OH
# Ctb
I Nth
# OCHS

A I A I
A I A I

Phenol
w Xf Toluene
Xf Aniline
Xf Anisole

# dH=CH2
#
Bo
Nd I I
H I
A I A I
A I

Xf Styrene Xf Bromo benzene Xf Chlorobenzene

# Iodobenzene

! E-
N
-

dHz
N SGH
I Nor
N OH

H I A I A I A I

Xf Aoetophenone VX Benzene sulfonic acid VX Nitrobenzene Xf Benzoic acid

no
no

NCH NC ONA
-

H I A I

# Benzaldehyde # Sodium benzoate

29dg lbaisitsosnita )

I dH3 Itb NdH3

dhloootoluene m
Chloro toluene Chloro toluene
µ I
o -

µ /
-

µ / p .

#
Xfl a o -

Methyl chlorobenzene
¥ m -

Methyl chlorobenzene a p
-

Methyl chlorobenzene

# Hs
Nats Nuts
A I o Xylene m -

Xylene A I
p
.

Xylene
µ
-

WAH HAH
,
YA
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o -
Cresol M Cresol doesol
NOH
-

P
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-

Not
H / o -

Hydroxytoluene µ I
m -

Hydroxytoluene µ /
p
-

Hydroxytoluene
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at o Methyl phenol
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.

, p
-

Also

NOH Not NOH

Catechol
µ I
µ I 11 I

\# Resorcinol
# Hydroquinone
¥
on
+,

OH

µ OH
# OH

salicylic acid Methyl salicylate

µ I
µ I

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g. a. g-
.
 1.) Hatogenateon .
; Bromine ldhlorine reacts wt benzene in the presence of Fe Boel Feds as a catalyst .

Br
A Febo , #
Bre - + HBR
H I
A I +

x xx

in
Mech ; BI -

III :
+ Febo
,
:D , -

if -
Febo
,
Febo ;

A A 't A Bo

KV Kii .si Ko -
-

Febo , ⇐
KIB
V
-
I

X
11

A Fede N 'd
"2 - + Hot
A I
A I +

x xx

e.) Nitration ; Warming benzene w/ a mixture of HNO , -1 Hzsoa gives nitrobenzene .

A N NO 2

µ It HN0st A I t tho

w w

a. a. a

.sn#./-rxn-niiiiiiiiiiiionar=fa
no
.
- -
A I - H I A I A I

W w W W

du Bo # Br

- H I

door
Hoo
- A I

KI
# I

-
H I

XF
Nu It I

t 11
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Vx

H2O
# OH

- A I

Ht
If

coupling
A- N
-

OH

¥
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z.it#edeCaftsAIkytation .
; Alkyl halides react w/ benzene in the
presence
of aluminum chloride .

A dtbdl # Ctb

THI It Ha
+
I 11

X x
Mech ;
.

C Hz -
CIT Alds I CHI + Aldi

A- A " '
A-
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it "
A
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Xx y

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I 11 +
,
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11

X X X
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a
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X X X
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Effect on rate substituent Effect on orientation

Strongly
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-

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O
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.
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Quiz # a # Quiz 5

Acetone dtbdthdtb
CHZIHICHCHZ
¥s Acetone t Acetic acid
IS
-

reduction OH
O

dtbd-c.tt#sdHsF--dHzT-dHz-I-cHzHgs04lsdHzd=dH
# lH3d=d Nat H dHzdHzdH=dHz°Hs I -
Butanol

¥29 ¥
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lH3dHzdHz dH3dHkHeBr t
dH34HdH3
I
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Bo ,, ,B
,

TY
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2. 2n 1h20
OH
Hzpoy AGNOS
N - Hao + Mr Acetylene - Agd=dAg
I NHL, OH

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I I -
L
X Ha

cis -2 butene
2- Botyne -

x
no

OH

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top . ox

the highest top

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