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中山大学 2019 学年度第二学期期中考试试卷答案

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课程名称：2017 年级留学生《组织学与胚胎学》试卷类型：A 卷
考试时间：120 分钟 考试方式：开卷
考试日期：2019 年 4 月 06 日下午 14:30-16:30

题号 1-20 21-25 26-27 28-29 总分

订

得分

评卷人 复核人
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警示
警示 《中山大学授予学士学位工作细则》第六条：

“考试作弊不授予学士学位。”

Histology and Embryology Mid-semester Test for

2017Grade MBBS Students (Examination Paper A)

Ⅰ. Mono-choice test: choose the best one from the prepared answers. (45 points,
1 point for each)

1.Which one of the following techniques is most commonly used to locate glycogen
in cells?
(A) Mythelene blue staining
(B) Feulgen’s reaction
(C) Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction
(D) Enzyme histochemistry
(E) Immunohistochemistry

2.The scanning electron microscopy is mainly used to observe:

(A) The structure inside the biomembrane
(B) The internal structure within the organelles

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(C) The surface structure of tissue and cells in the three-dimensional manner
(D) Polysaccharide element in the cell
(E) The structure inside the cell nucleus

3.The cell junction mostly seen in the stratified squamous epithelium is?
(A) tight junction
(B) desmosome
(C) intermediate junction
(D) gap junction
(F) hemidesmosome

4. Which of the following statement is NOT the characteristics of transitional

epithelium
(A) It lines the most part of urinary canals.
(B) Its superficial cell can prevent the urine to destroy the tissue
(C) Its superficial cell contains large cell body, and one cell can usually cover several
cells in its medium layer
(D) Its thickness varies with the different place, and its basal surface connecting with
underlying connective tissue is often uneven.
(E) Its morphology usually changes according to the functional states of its belonging
organs

5.Which of the following statements about goblet cell is wrong:

(A) It is often found in the epithelium mucosae of trachea and small intestine
(B) It is a glandular cell, and also referred to unicellular gland.
(C) Its apical cytoplasm expands and is full of zymogen granules.
(D) Its nucleus usually appears in triangle
(E) Its secretion has a role of smoothing and protecting the epithelium

6.Which of the following structures is most seen in the plasma membrane infolding?
(A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(C) Golgi’s apparatur
(D) Mitochondria
(E) Microfilament

7. In the electron microscope, the structure of striated border or brush border seen in
the light microscope is:
(A) Microtubules
(B) Microfilaments
(C) Cilium
(D) Microvillus
(E) Tonofilament

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8.Which of the following descriptions concerning connective tissue compares with
epithelial tissue is not true?
(A) More cell types
(B) More extracellular matrixes
(C) Extracellular matrix including fiber and ground substance
(D) Less cells in number
(E) Cells with polarity

9.Which one of the following cellular type is most in the loose connective tissue?
(A) Macrophage
(B) Mast cell
(C) Lymphocyte
(D) Plasma cell
(E) Fibroblast

10.Which of the following cells produce antibodies?

(A) Macrophage
(B) Eosinophils
(C) Plasma cell
(D) Mast cell
(E) Adipose cells

11. Which of the following cells is responsible for anaphylactic shock?

(A) Fibroblasts
(B) Eosinophils
(C) Pericytes
(D) Mast cells
(E) Macrophages

12. Which one of the following fibers can be called as argentaffin fibers?
(A) Collagenous fiber
(B) Elastic fiber
(C) Reticular fiber
(D) Collagenous fibril
(E) Neurofibril

13. Which of the following is absent in the serum?

(A) Globulins
(B) Water
(C) Albumin
(D) Fibrinogen
(E) Hormones

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14. Which of the following proteins associated with the erythrocyte plasma membrane
is responsible for maintaining the cell’s biconcave disk shape?
(A) Hemoglobin (Hb)
(B) Lamine
(C) Porphyrin
(D) Spectrin
(E) Alpha-actinin

15. Which of the following cells is derived from reticulocytes?

(A) Erythrocyte
(B) Lymphocyte
(C) Platelet
(D) Neutrophil
(E) Eosinophil

16. The classification of granulocytes is based on

(A) The morphology of its nucleus
(B) The staining of the special granules within its cytoplasm
(C) The staining of its cytoplasm
(D) Both A and B
(E) Both B and C

17. When the body is infected by the bacterium, which one of the following cells in
blood will increase?
(A) Neutrophilic granulocyte
(B) Eosinophilic granulocyte
(C) Basophilic granulocyte
(D) Monocyte
(E) Lymphocyte

18. Which of the following statements about lymphocyte is wrong?

(A) Inequality of size
(B) Round or ovoid
(C) Sparse cytoplasm, deep blue
(D) Loose chromatin, pain staining
(E) Small amounts of azurophilic granules in cytoplasm

19. Which of the following cells arise from monocytes?

(A) Plasma cells
(B) Fibroblasts
(C) Lymphocytes
(D) Macrophages
(E) Mast cells

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20. In the hyaline cartilage sections with HE staining, it is difficult to identify its
fibers, and the main reason is:
(A) The fibers are arranged parallelly
(B) The fibers are rare
(C) The fibers have a refractive index close to that of extracellular matrix
(D) The fibers cannot be stained with HE staining
(E) The fibers are too short and thin

21. Which of the following cell can produce osteoid?

(A) Osteoclast
(B) Osteocyte
(C) Osteoblast
(D) Osteoprogenitor cell
(E) Mesenchymal cell

22. Which one doesn’t belong to the elements of bone tissue?

(A) Collagenous fiber
(B) Proteoglycan
(C) Bony salt
(D) Osteocyte
(E) Elastic fiber

23. Which of the following cells can play a role of bone resorption?
(A) Osteoprogenitor cell
(B) Osteoblast
(C) Osteoclast
(D) Osteocyte
(E) Fibroblast

24. The formation of striation in skeletal muscle fiber may be due to

(A) Different distribution of myofilaments in light band and dark band
(B) Different concentration of myoglobin in light band and dark band
(C) Different number of mitochondrium in light band and dark band
(D) Different concentration of glycogen in light band and dark band
(E) Different amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum in light band and dark band

25. Which of the following statements concerning transverse tubules is true?

(A) They are present in smooth muscle
(B) They are extensions of the sarcolemma
(C) They are extensions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum
(D) They form part of the dyads present in skeletal muscle
(E) They serve to sequester calcium ions

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26. Contraction in all types of muscle requires calcium ions. Which of the following
muscle components can bind or sequester calcium ions?
(A) Tropomyosin
(B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
(C) Myosin
(D) Actin
(E) Troponin

27. When skeletal muscle fiber contracts, the change of sarcomere is

(A) Decreased A band and H band
(B) Decreased A band
(C) Decreased I band and H band
(D) Decreased A band, I band and H band
(E) Decreased I band and A band

28. Which of the following statements concerning cardiac muscle cells is true?
(A) They are spindle shaped
(B) They require an external stimulus to undergo contraction
(C) They are multinuclear cells
(D) They are joined together end-to-end by intercalated disks
(E) They possess numerous caveolae

29. The intercalated disk of cardiac muscle fiber contains

(A) Intermediate junction, desmosome and tight junction
(B) Intermediate junction, desmosome and gap junction
(C) Tight junction, desmosome and gap junction
(D) Junctional complex and gap junction
(E) Junctional complex, desmosome and tight junction

30. Nissl body is mainly distributed in

(A) Cell body and axon
(B) Dendrite and cell body
(C) Dendrite and axon
(D) Cell body
(E) The whole neuron

31. In the electron microscope, the Nissl bodies in neuron are:

(A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lysosome
(B) Mitochondrion and rough endoplasmic reticulum
(C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosome
(D) Golgi complex and rough endoplasmic reticulum
(E) Free ribosome and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

32. The neuroglia cell which has the ability of phagocytosis is?

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(A) Oligodendrocyte
(B) Astrocyte
(C) Microglia
(D) Schwann cell
(E) Satellite cell

33. The myelin of myelinated nerve fibers in periphery system is formed by?
(A) Astrocyte
(B) Schwann cell
(C) Oligodendrocyte
(D) Satellite cell
(E) Microglia cell

34. In the chemical synapse, the main structure for delivering message is:
(A) Mitochodrium
(B) Microtubules
(C) Neurofilaments
(D) Microfilaments
(E) Synaptic vesicle

35. The nerve impulse in a myelinated nerve fiber conducts in a manner:

(A) Continously conducting on axolemma
(B) Conducting in saltatory manner on axolemma
(C) From on Schmidt-Lantermann incisure jumping to adjacent one
(D) From one node of Ranvier jumping to adjacent one
(E) From one internode jumping to adjacent one

I-2. Multiple-choice test: choose one or multiple answers from the prepared
answers. (5 point, 1 point for each).
36. Which of the following structure has a strong affinity with hematoxylin?
(A) Cell membrane
(B) Cytoplasm
(C) Nucleus
(D) Basophilic granules
(E) Lipid droplet

37.The differences characteristiscs of stratified squamous epithelium and transitional

epithelium
(A) the surface cells of stratified squamous epithelium are flattened but that of
transitional epithelium is cuboidal
(B) the cellular layer of stratified squamous epithelium is more, but that of

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transitional epithelium
(C) the layers of transitional epithelium are changeable, but that of stratified
squamous epithelium is not changeable
(D) the junctions between cells in stratified squamous epithelium are desmosomes,
but that in transitional are various kinds of junctions
(E) transitional epithelium is only distrubuted in urinary system

38. The ground substance of connective tissue includes all of the following components:
(A) Hyaluronic acid
(B) Proteoglycans
(C) Fibronectin
(D) Collagen fibers
(E) Glycosaminoglycans

39.Which of the following cells contain heparin and histamine?

(A) Mast cell
(B) Lymphocyte
(C) Basophil
(D) Neutrophil
(E) Eosinophil

40. The cell type least likely to contain more than one nucleus is:
(A) skeletal muscle fiber
(B) osteoclast
(C) cell of endothelium
(D) cardiac muscle fiber
(E) smooth muscle fiber

II. Term definition. 得分

(20 points, 4 points for each) 阅卷人

41.Microvillus
Microvillus are plasma membrane-covered cell-surface extensions (2 points) .Their
cores contain many parallel actin microfilaments (1 point) ,which are anchored in a
dense mat of filaments in the apical cytoplasm called the terminal web.(1 point)

42. Sarcomere

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23. Synapse
Synapse is a specialized cellular junction between neurons or between a neuron and an effector
cell where neurotransmission occurs (1 point) . ①Presynaptic element: synaptic vesicle,dense
projection,synapsin I, Presynaptic membrane (1 point) ; ②synaptic cleft (1 point) ;③
postsynaptic elements (1 point)

24. Isogenous group

The segments of myofibrils between two successive Z lines are termed sarcomeres(2
point). A sarcomere includes one A band and two semi-I bands, and is 2.1-2.5µm long
in resting cells(1 point). Sarcomere is the structural and contractile unit of striated
muscle cells. (1 point)
得分

III. Questions to be discussed detailed 阅卷人

(40 points).
28. How to distinguish the dendrite and the axon of a neuron in the HE-sction? (10
points)

29. What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue? Discuss the function of
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium according to its structure and
ultrastructure. (15 points)

30. Compare the different structural features among thre muscle tissue under the light
microscope? (15 points)