SOLUTIONS MANUAL FOR

MECHANICAL
DESIGN
OF MACHINE
COMPONENTS
SECOND EDITION: SI VERSION

by

ANSEL C. UGURAL
 SOLUTIONS MANUAL FOR
MECHANICAL DESIGN
OF MACHINE
COMPONENTS
SECOND EDITION: SI VERSION

by
ANSEL C. UGURAL

Boca Raton London New York

CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
MATLAB® is a trademark of The MathWorks, Inc. and is used with permission. The MathWorks does not warrant the accuracy of the text or exercises in
this book. This book’s use or discussion of MATLAB® software or related products does not constitute endorsement or sponsorship by The MathWorks
of a particular pedagogical approach or particular use of the MATLAB® software.

Taylor & Francis

Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2016 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Taylor & Francis is an Informa business

No claim to original U.S. Government works

Printed on acid-free paper

Version Date: 20160303

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-3541-4 (Ancillary)

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and
information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission
to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.

Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic,
mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.

For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact
the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides
licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment
has been arranged.

Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
 CONTENTS

Part I BASICS

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1

Chapter 2 MATERIALS 16

Chapter 3 STRESS AND STRAIN 24

Chapter 4 DEFLECTION AND IMPACT 48

Chapter 5 ENERGY METHODS AND STABILITY 68

Part II FAILURE PREVENTION

Chapter 6 STATIC FAILURE CRITERIA AND RELIABILITY 100

Chapter 7 FATIGUE FAILURE CRITERIA 117

Chapter 8 SURFACE FAILURE 135

Part III APPLICATIONS

Chapter 9 SHAFTS AND ASSOCIATED PARTS 145

Chapter 10 BEARINGS AND LUBRICATION 164

Chapter 11 SPUR GEARS 176

Chapter 12 HELICAL, BEVEL, AND WORM GEARS 194

Chapter 13 BELTS, CHAINS, CLUTCHES, AND BRAKES 208

Chapter 14 MECHANICAL SPRINGS 225

Chapter 15 POWER SCREWS, FASTENERS, AND CONNECTIONS 240

Chapter 16 MISCELLANEOUS MACHINE COMPONENTS 261

Chapter 17 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS IN DESIGN 278

Chapter 18 CASE STUDIES IN MACHINE DESIGN 308

vi
 NOTES TO THE INSTRUCTOR

The Solutions Manual to accompany the text MECHANICAL DESIGN of Machine Components
supplements the study of machine design developed in the book. The main objective of the manual is to
provide efficient solutions for problems in design and analysis of variously loaded mechanical components.
In addition, this manual can serve to guide the instructor in the assignment of problems, in grading these
problems, and in preparing lecture materials as well as examination questions. Every effort has been made
to have a solutions manual that cuts through the clutter and is self –explanatory as possible thus reducing
the work on the instructor. It is written and class tested by the author.

As indicated in its preface, the text is designed for the junior-senior courses in machine or
mechanical design. However, because of the number of optional sections which have been included,
MECHANICAL DESIGN of Machine Components may also be used to teach an upper level course. In
order to accommodate courses of varying emphases, considerably more material has been presented in the
book than can be covered effectively in a single three-credit-hour course. Machine/mechanical design is one
of the student’s first courses in professional engineering, as distinct from basic science and mathematics.
There is never enough time to discuss all of the required material in details.

To assist the instructor in making up a schedule that will best fit his classes, major topics that will
probably be covered in every machine design course and secondary topics which may be selected to
complement this core to form courses of various emphases are indicated in the following Sample
Assignment Schedule. The major topics should be covered in some depth. The secondary topics, because
of time limitations and/or treatment on other courses, are suggested for brief coverage. We note that the
topics which may be used with more advanced students are marked with asterisks in the textbook.

The problems in the sample schedule have been listed according to the portions of material they
illustrate. Instructor will easily find additional problems in the text to amplify a particular subject in
discussing a problem assigned for homework. Answers to selected problems are given at the end of the text.
Space limitations preclude our including solutions to open-ended web problems. Since the integrated
approach used in this text differs from that used in other texts, the instructor is advised to read its preface,
where the author has outlined his general philosophy. A brief description of the topics covered in each
chapter throughout the text is given in the following. It is hoped that this material will help the instructor in
organizing his course to best fit the needs of, his students.

Ansel C. Ugural
Holmdel, N.J.

vii
 DESCRIPTION OF THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN
“MECHANICAL DESIGN of Machine Components”

Chapter 1 attempts to present the basic concepts and an overview of the subject. Sections 1.1 through 1.8
discuss the scope of treatment, machine and mechanical design, problem formulation, factor of safety, and
units. The load analysis is normally the critical step in designing any machine or structural member (Secs.
1.8 through 1.9). The determination of loads is encountered repeatedly in subsequent chapters. Case studies
provide a number of machine or component projects throughout the book. These show that the members
must function in combination to produce a useful device. Section 1.10 review the work, energy, and power.
The foregoing basic considerations need to be understood in order to appreciate the loading applied to a
member. The last two sections emphasize the fact that stress and strain are concepts of great importance to a
comprehension of design analysis.

Chapter 2 reviews the general properties of materials and some processes to improve the strength
of metals. Sections 2.3 through 2.14 introduce stress-strain relationships, material behavior under various
loads, modulus of resilience and toughness, and hardness, selecting materials. Since students have
previously taken materials courses, little time can be justified in covering this chapter. Much of the material
included in Chapters 3 through 5 is also a review for students. Of particular significance are the Mohr’s
circle representation of state of stress, a clear understanding of the three-dimensional aspects of stress,
influence of impact force on stress and deformation within a component, applications of Castigliano’s
theorem, energy of distortion, and Euler’s formula. Stress concentration is introduced in here, but little
applications made of it until studying fatigue (Chap.7).

The first section of Chapter 6 attempts to provide an overview of the broad subject of “failure”,
against which all machine/mechanical elements must be designed. The discipline of fracture mechanics is
introduced in Secs. 6.2 through 6.4. Yield and fracture criteria for static failure are discussed in Secs. 6.4
through 6.12. The last 3 sections deal with the method of reliability prediction in design. Chapter 7 is
devoted to the fatigue and behavior of materials under repeated loadings. The emphasis is on the Goodman
failure criterion. Surface failure is discussed in Chapter 8. Sections 8.1 through 8.3 briefly review the
corrosion and friction. Following these the surface wear is discussed. Sections 8.6 through 8.10 deal with
the surfaces contact stresses and the surface fatigue failure and its prevention. The background provided
here is directly applied to representative common machine elements in later chapters.

Sections 9.1 through 9.4 of Chapter 9 treat the stresses and design of shafts under static loads.
Emphasis is on design of shafts for fluctuating loading (Secs. 9.6 and 9.7). The last 5 sections introduce
common parts associated with shafting. Chapter 10 introduces the lubrication as well as both journal and
roller bearings. As pointed out in Sec. 8.9, rolling element bearings provide interesting applications of
contact stress and fatigue. Much of the material covered in Secs. 11.1 through 11.7 of Chapter 11 introduce
nomenclature, tooth systems, and fundamentals of general gearing. Gear trains and spur gear force analysis
are taken up in Secs. 11.6 and 11.7. The remaining sections concern with gear design, material, and
manufacture. Non-spur gearing is considered in Chapter 12. Spur gears are merely a special case of helical
gears (Secs. 12.2 through 12.5) having zero helix angle. Sections 12.6 through 12.8 deal with bevel gears.
Worm gears are fundamentally different from other gears, but have much in common with power screws to
be taken up in Chap. 15.

viii
 Chapter 13 is devoted to the design of belts, chains, clutches, and brakes. Only a few different
analyses are needed, with surface forms effecting the equations more than the functions of these devices.
Belts, clutches, and brakes are machine elements depending upon friction for their function. Design of
various springs is considered in Chapter 14. The emphasis is on helical coil springs (Secs. 14.3 through
14.9) that provide good illustrations of the static load analysis and torsional fatigue loading. Leaf springs
(Sec. 14.11) illustrate primarily bending fatigue loading. Chapter 15 attempts to present screws and
connections. Of particular importance is the load analysis of power screws and a clear understanding of the
fatigue stresses in threaded fasteners. There are alternatives to threaded fasteners and riveted or welded
joints. Modern adhesives (Secs. 15.17 and 15.18) can change traditional preferred choices.

It is important to assign at least portions of the analysis and design of miscellaneous mechanical
members treated in Chapter 16. Sections 16.3 through 16.7 concern with thick-walled cylinders, press or
shrink fits, and disk flywheels. The remaining sections concerns with the bending of curved frames, plate
and shells-like machine and structural components, and pressure vessels. Buckling of thin-walled cylinders
and spheres is also briefly discussed. Chapter 17 represents an addition to the material traditionally
covered in “Machine/Mechanical Design” textbooks. It attempts to provide an introduction to the finite
element analysis in design. Some practical case studies illustrate solutions of problems involving structural
assemblies, deflection of beams, and stress concentration factors in plates. Finally, case studies in
preliminary design of the entire crane with winch and a high-speed cutting machine are introduced in
Chapter 18.

ix
SAMPLE ASSIGNMENT SCHEDULE MACHINE/MECHANICAL DESIGN (3 credits.)

TEXT: A. C. Ugural, MECHANICAL DESIGN of Machine Components, 2nd SI Version, CRC

Press (T & F Group).
Prerequisites: Courses on Mechanics of Materials and Engineering Materials.

WEEK TOPICS SECTIONS PROBLEMS

1 Introduction 1.1 to 1.12 1.6,1.17,1.26,1.34

Materials* 2.1 to 2.5,2.8 to 2.11 2.7,2.11,2.15,2.20

2 A Review of Stress Analysis* 3.1 to 3.14, 4.1 to 4.9 3.12,3.34,3.45,4.24,4.37

5.1 to 5.12 5.20,5.26,5.30,5.54, 5.73

3 Static Failure Criteria & Reliability 6.1 to 6.15 6.7,6.14,6.25,6.29,6.40

4 Fatigue Criteria and Surface Failure 7.1 to 7.15, 8.1 to 8.10 7.6,7.17,7.28,7.32,7.34
8.3,8.8, 8.14, 8.21

5 EXAM # 1 - - - - - - - - - -
Shafts and Associated Parts 9.1 to 9.12 9.7,9.14,9.19,9.24,9.28

6 Lubrication and Bearings 10.1 to 10.16 10.4,10.10,10.16,10.31,10.36

7 Spur Gears 11.1 to 11.12 11.15,11.18,11.22,11.33,11.38

8 Helical, Bevel, and Worm Gears* 12.1 to 12.10 12.10,12.12,12.18,12.21,12.32

9 EXAM # 2 - - - - - - - - - -
Belt and Chain Drives 13.1 to 13.6 13.1,13.8,13.9, 13.10,13.13

10 Clutches and Brakes 13.8 to 13.15 13.21,13.27,13.34,13.39,13.46

11 Mechanical Springs 14.1 to 14.11 14.8,14.12,14.22,14.25,14.35

12 EXAM # 3 - - - - - - - - - -
Power Screws and Fasteners 15.1 to 15.12 15.2,15.6,15.14,15.19,15.30

13 Connections* 15.13 to 15.16 15.34,15.40,15.48,15.54

14 Miscellaneous Machine
Components* 16.1 to 16.5, 16.8 16.6,16.17,16.25,16.38
to 16.11

15 FEA in Design and

Case Studies in Machine Design* 17.1 to 17.3,17.5,17.7 17.2,17.4,17.8,17.12
18.1 and 18.2 18.2,18.4,18.6,18.10
FINAL EXAM - - - - - - - - - -

* Secondary topics. The remaining, major topics constitute the “main stream” of the machine design
course.

x
Section I BASICS

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

SOLUTION (1.1)

Free Body: Angle Bracket (Fig. S1.1)

(a)  M B
 0; F ( 0 .5 )  6 8 ( 0 .2 5 )  2 8 .8 ( 0 .5 )  0 , F  6 2 .8 k N 

(b)  Fx  0 : R B x  2 8 .8  F  0 , R Bx  3 4 k N 

 Fy  0 : R B y  6 8  2 1 .6  0 , R B y  8 9 .6 k N 

Thus
RB  (3 4 )  (8 9 .6 )  9 5 .8 k N
2 2

and
1
  ta n  2 0 .8
34 o
8 9 .6

F A

34 B
0.5 68 kN 21.6 kN

89.6
R Bx 28,8 kN 
B C
RB
Figure S1.1 R By 0.25 0.25

SOLUTION (1.2)
Free Body: Beam ADE (Fig. S1.2)
 M A
 0:  W (3 .7 5 a )  F B D ( 2 a )  0 ,
E F B D  1 .8 7 5 W 
D W  Fx  0 : R Ax  0
FBD
 Fy  0 :  R Ay  FBD  W  0 ,
A
R A y  0 .8 7 5W 
R Ax
2a 1.75a Free-Body: Entire structure (Fig. S1.2)
R Ay
 M
A
 0: R C (3 a )  W (3 .7 5 a )  0 ,
a V
A F R C  1 .2 5 W 
O
M” Free Body: Part AO (Fig. S1.2)
0.875 kN Figure S1.2 V  0 .8 7 5W 
F  0
M  0 .8 7 5 a W

1
SOLUTION (1.3)

29 kN/m
32 kN  m
 M A
 0: R B  1 1 .0 2 k N 
C
D A E
B  Fy  0 : R A  4 5 .8 2 k N 
0.6 m RA RB
1,2 m 2.4 m 2.4 m
Segment CD
29 kN/m
 ( 2 9 )( 0 .6 )  5 .2 2 k N  m
1 2
M D 2
C M
0.6 m D V
D
V D  1 7 .4 k N
D

Segment CE
3 4 .8 k N VE
M  3 4 .8 (1 .8 )  4 5 .8 2 (1 .2 )  7 .6 5 6 k N  m
0.6 m E

C M E V E  1 1 .0 2 k N
1.2 m A 1.2 m E
45 . 82

SOLUTION (1.4)

(a)  M B
 0: 0 .8 R C ( 6 )  0 .6 R C ( 2 )  2 4 ( 4 )  0
1m
8 kN m 2m
10 kN  R C  26 . 667 kN

C R Cx  16 kN , R Cy  21 . 334 kN
3m D B 2m
RC
R Bx Then
4
R By 2m
 F x  0 : R Bx  16 kN
3
A
 F y  0 : R By  12 . 66 kN

( b ) Segment CD

8 M D
 21 . 334 ( 3 )  12 (1 . 5 )  6 ( 2 )  34 kN  m
4 M F D  16 kN
16 D

FD V D  21 . 334  18  3 . 334 kN
C 3m D V
D
21.334

2
SOLUTION (1.5)
3m
(a)
A
  0: RCx 
3
M A 2 RCy
2 2m
3
C
RCx
RCy 4
3

R By R Cy
 M B
 0: 4 0 (5 )  4 R C y  0 RCy  5 0 k N 
RCx 40 kN
R Bx B C Then R Cx  75 kN 

4m 1 R By  1 0 k N  , R Bx  7 5 k N 
m

(b) M
FD D

0.75
VD D F D  75 ( 53 )  50 ( 54 )  85 kN
1.0
75 V D  75 ( 54 )  50 ( 53 )  30 kN
C
5
50 4 3 M D
 7 5 (1)  5 0 ( 0 .7 5 )  3 7 .5 k N  m

SOLUTION (1.6)

(a) B Free body entire connection

P A T 0.15 m
 M C
0 : R A ( 0 .7 )  T  0

T  0 .7 R A
C
RA
0,5 m
0.2 m
AB  ( 0 .5 )  ( 0 .1 5 )  0 .5 2 2 m
2 2
Segment AB F AB
B

18 kN
A 0.15 m
 M B
0 : 18 ( 0 . 15 )  R A ( 0 . 5 )  0

R A  5 .4 k N
0.5 m
RA and T  3 .7 8 k N  m

 Fx  0 : 18  FAB  0, F A B  1 8 .7 2 9 k N
0 .5
(b) 0 .5 2 2

SOLUTION (1.7)
Free Body: Entire Crankshaft (Fig. S1.7a)
120 mm
120 mm ( a ) From symmetry: R A  R B

 Fz  0 : R A  R B  2 k N
A y 70 mm
D T  M x
 0 :  4 ( 0 .0 5 )  T  0 ,
B
T  0 .2 k N  m  2 0 0 N  m
R A  2 kN
z RB  2 kN x
50 mm C
4 kN (a)
(CONT.)

3
1.7 (CONT.)

M y

D ( b ) Cross Section at D (Fig. S1.7b)

Vz Vz  2 kN

(b) T  200 N  m
T
Figure S 1.7 M y
 2 ( 0 .0 7 )  0 .1 4 k N  m

 140 N  m

SOLUTION (1.8)

30 kN

B Free-Body Diagram, Beam AB

 Fx  0 :  FC D  6 0  0 , F C D  6 9 .1 1 k N
7

1.8 m 4 65

7
 Fy  0 : R A  FC D  3 0  0 , R A  6 4 .3 k N 
4
C FC D 65

  0:  6 0 (1 .8 )  FC D ( 3 )  M  0,
7
1.2 m M A A
65

M A
 72 kN  m
60 kN
1.8 m

A
M A
RA

SOLUTION (1.9)

B 1.2 m C Free body entire frame

129.6 kN
 0 :  129 . 6 ( 0 . 9 )  R Dy (1 . 2 )  R Dy ( 3 )  0
1
0.9 m 0.9 m 1.2 m
M A 2

2 2.4 m
R D y  4 8 .6 k N , R D x  2 4 .3 k N
A 1
1
D 2 R Dy

R Dy R D

R By
B C Free body BCD
R B x 1.2 m  Fx  0 : R B x  2 4 .3 k N
2.4 m
 Fy 0 : R B y  4 8 .6 k N
D 24.3
RB  2 4 .3  4 6 .6  5 2 .6 k N
2 2

48.6

4
SOLUTION (1.10)
y
R Ay 4 kN 3 kN

A
R Az 0.3 m T R Ey 5 kN
z
C
E
1m D
R Ez 2 kN
1m B x
0.5 m
0.5 m

(a) 0.3 m

 M x
 0: 3 ( 0 .1 5 )  4 ( 0 .1 5 )  T  5 ( 0 .1 5 )  2 ( 0 .1 5 )  0
or T  0 . 6 kN  m

(b)  M z
 0 : ( 4  3 )( 1 )  R Ey ( 2 . 5 )  0 , R Ey   2 . 8 kN

 M y
 0 :  R Ez ( 2 . 5 )  ( 5  2 )( 3 )  0 , R Ez  8 . 4 kN

 F y  0 : R Ay  4  3  R Ey  0 , R Ay   4 . 2 kN

 F z  0 : R Az  R Ez  5  2  0 , R Az   1 . 4 kN

RA   1 .4  4 . 427
2 2
Thus 4 .2 kN

RE   8 .4  8 . 854 kN
2 2
2 .8

SOLUTION (1.11)
(a) Free-body Diagrams, Arm BC and shaft AB

y C T

x B
z M
A
T V T V
M
M V
Figure S1.11 B T
(b) At C:
V  2 kN T  50 N  m
At end B of arm BC:
V  2 kN T  50 N  m M  200 N  m
At end B of shaft AB:
V  2 kN T  200 N  m M  50 N  m
At A: V  2 kN T  200 N  m M  300 N  m

5
SOLUTION (1.12)

Free Body: Entire Pipe

0.15 m 200 N
D
y
C 36 N  m

T Ry
Rx A 0.2 m

Rz
Mz
z My
0.3 m B x

Reactional forces at point A:

 Fx  0 : Rx  0

 Fy  0 : R y  200  0, R y  200 N

 Fz  0 : Rz  0

Moments about point A:

 M x
 0: T  2 0 0 ( 0 .1 5 )  0 , T  30 N  m

 M y
 0: M y
 0

 M z
 0: M z
 2 0 0 ( 0 .3 )  3 6  0 , M z
 96 N  m

The reactions act in the directions shown on the free-body diagram.

SOLUTION (1.13)

Free Body : Entire Pipe

0.15 m 200 N
D
y 0.075 m

C 36 N  m
Ry
Rx WCD
T WAB 0.2 m
WBC
Rz A
Mz
My
z
0.15 m
0.3 m B x

(CONT.)

6
1.13 (CONT.)

We have 1 lb/ft=14.5939 N/m (Table A.2).

Thus, for 3 in. or 75-mm pipe (Table A.4): 14.5939(7.58)=110.62 N/m
Total weights of each part acting at midlength are:
W A B  1 1 0 .6 2 ( 0 .3)  3 3 .2 N
W B C  1 1 0 .6 2 ( 0 .2 )  2 2 .1 N
W C D  1 1 0 .6 2 ( 0 .1 5 )  1 6 .6 N

Reactional forces at point A:

 Fx  0 : Rx  0

 Fy  0 : R y  W AB  W BC  W CD  2 0 0  0, R y  2 7 1 .9 N

 Fz  0 : Rz  0

Moments about point A:

 M x
 0: T  W C D ( 0 .0 7 5 )  1 0 ( 0 .1 5 )  0 , T  2 .7 4 5 N  m

 M y
 0: M y
 0

 M z
 0: M z
 ( 2 0 0  W C D  W B C )( 0 .3 )  W A B ( 0 .1 5 )  3 6  0

M z
 1 1 2 .6 N  m .

SOLUTION (1.14)
RCy 1.6 kN 150 mm
(a)
R Ay C RCx
0.5 m Dy
1m Bx B
0.25 m
R Ax A D B Bx 1.6 kN 1.6 kN
Dx E
By 0.15 m By
D
Dx
Dy
Free body pulley B
 F x  0 : B x  1 . 6 kN 

 F y  0 : B y  1 . 6 kN 
Free body CED
 M D
 0 : R Cx ( 0 . 4 )  1 . 6 ( 0 . 15 )  0 , R Cx  0 . 6 kN 

 F x  0 :  D x  0 .6  1 .6  0 , D x  1 kN 

 F y  0: R Cy  D y

Free body ADB

 M A
 0 : D y ( 0 . 5 )  B y (1 . 5 )  0 , D y  4 . 8 kN , R Cy  4 . 8 kN 

 F x  0 :  R Ay  D y  B y  0 , R Ay  3 . 2 kN 

(CONT.)

7
1.14 (CONT.)

 F x  0 : R Ax  D x  B x  0 , R Ax  0 . 6 kN 

M V G 0.6 m B
(b) G
1.6 M G
 1 . 6 ( 0 . 6 )  960 N  m , V G  1 . 6 kN
FG G
1.6 F G  1 . 6 kN

SOLUTION (1.15)

Free body entire rod

 M x
 0 : R Dy ( 0 . 25 )  300 ( 0 . 1 ), R Dy  120 N 

 M z  C
 0:  2 0 0 ( 0 .3 5 )  R B y ( 0 .2 5 )  ( 3 0 0  1 2 0 ) ( 0 .2 )  0

R By  136 N 
Free body ABE
y
A B Vy M z

200 N 100
175 x
E
136 N
z

 M z
 E
 0:  M z
 200 ( 0 . 275 )  136 ( 0 . 175 )  0 , M z
 31 . 2 N  m

 F y  0 : V y  200  136  64 N

SOLUTION (1.16)

Free body entire rod:

 M  0: x
R D y ( 0 .2 5 )  4 0 0 ( 0 .1)  0 , RDy  160 N 

 M   z
C
0: R B y ( 0 .2 5 )  ( 4 0 0  1 6 0 ) ( 0 .2 )  0 , R By  1 9 2 N 

Segment ABE
y
A B
Vy
0.175 m x
192 N E
M
z z

At point E:
M z
  192 ( 0 . 175 )   33 . 6 N  m
V y  192 N

8
SOLUTION (1.17)

Side view Top view

F2
50 mm
F2
B D
C
Td
100 mm 50 mm
F1 Figure (a) Figure (c)

150 N  m

A
50 mm F1 Figure (b)

Fig. (b):  M A
 0 : F 1 ( 0 . 05 )  150  0 , F 1  3 kN

Fig. (a):  M B
 0 : F 1 ( 0 . 1 )  F 2 ( 0 . 05 )  0 , F 2  6 kN

Fig. (c):  M D
 0: F 2 ( 0 .0 5 )  T d  0 , T d  0 .3 kN  m

SOLUTION (1.18)

18 kN 13.5 kN
1m C

3m
B
Rx
A Ry 3
6m 4m 4
R

Free body-entire frame

 M A
 0: R y (1 0 )  1 3 .5 ( 6 )  1 8 ( 4 )  0 , R y  1 5 .3 k N

Free body-member BC
 M C
 0: R x (3)  R y ( 4 )  0
and
Rx  4
3
(1 5 .3)  2 0 .4 k N
Thus
FBC  R  ( 2 0 .4 )  (1 5 .3 )  2 5 .5 k N
2 2

9
SOLUTION (1.19)

P Free body-member AB
B
o  M A
 0:
A E 40 a
R Ax
R E ( 4 a )  P c o s 4 0 ( a )  P s in 4 0 ( 6 a )  0
o o
4a 2a
R Ay RE  R E  1.1 5 6 P

 F x  0: R Ax  P co s 4 0  0 .7 6 6 P 
o

 F y  0: R A y  1.1 5 6 P  P s in 4 0  0, R A y  0 .5 1 3 P 
o

Free body-member CD

RE

D
 M D
 0: R E ( 4 a )  RCy ( 6 a )  0
C 2a 4a
RCx  R C y  0 .7 7 1 P 
o
E 30
RCy RD

  0: R D s in 3 0 ( 6 a )  R E ( 2 a )  0 , R D  0 .7 7 1 P
o
M C

 F x  0: RCx  R D co s 3 0  0 .6 6 8 P 
o

SOLUTION(1.20)

( a ) Power= P = ( p A ) ( L ) ( n /6 0 )
 (1 .2 )( 2 1 0 0 )( 0 .0 6 )( 1 56 00 0 )  3 .7 8 k W
Power required  P
e
 3 .7 8
0 .9
 4 .2 k W

( b ) Use Eq.(1.15),
9 5 4 9 ( 4 .2 )
T  9549 kW
n
 1500
 2 6 .7 4 N  m

SOLUTION (1.21)

a=1.5 m, b=0.55 m, c=0.625 m, L=2.7 m, V=29 m/s, W=14.4 kN, kW=14

( a ) From Eq. (1.15), the drag force equals,
1000 kW 1 0 0 0 (1 4 )
Fd  V
 29
 4 8 2 .8 N
See: Fig. P1.21:
 Fx  0 : F d  4 8 2 .8 N
It follows that
 M A
 0:  W a  Fd c  R f L  0
or
 1 4 4 0 0 (1 .5 )  ( 4 8 2 .8 )( 0 .6 2 5 )  R f ( 2 .7 )  0
(CONT.)

10
1.21 (CONT.)

Solving,
R f  7 .8 8 8 k N
and
 Fy  0 : R r  1 4 .4  7 .8 8 8  0
or
R r  6 .5 1 2 k N

(b)
We have V  0 , Fd  0 , F  0.
See Fig. P1.21:
 M A
 0: Wa  Rf L  0
Thus
Rf  a
L
W  1 .5
2 .7
(1 4 .4 )  8 k N

So,  F y  0 gives

R r  W  R f  1 4 .4  8  6 .4 k N

SOLUTION (1.22)

Refer to Solution of Prob. 1.21.

a=1.5 m, b=0.55 m, c=0.625 m, L=2.7 m, V=29 m/s, W=14.4 kN, kW=14
Now we have
W t  1 4 .4  5 .4  1 9 .8 k N

( a ) From Eq. (1.15), the drag force equals,

1000 kW 1 0 0 0 (1 4 )
Fd  V
 29
 4 8 2 .8 N
See: Fig. 1.21 (with W  W t ):

 M A
 0:  W t a  Fd c  R f L  0

  1 9 8 0 0 (1 .5 )  ( 4 8 2 .8 )( 0 .6 2 5 )  R f ( 2 .7 )  0
from which
R f  1 0 .8 8 8 k N

and  Fy  0 : R r  1 9 .8  1 0 .8 8 8  0

R r  8 .9 1 2 k N

( b ) V  0, Fd  0 , F  0 , as before,

 M A
 0:  Wta  R f L  0

Then Rf  a
L
W  1 .5
2 .7
(1 9 .8 )  1 1 k N

So,  F y  0 gives

R r  W t  R f  1 9 .8  1 1  8 .8 k N

11
SOLUTION (1.23)

( a ) Free-Body Diagram: Gears (Fig. S1.23).

Applying Eq. (1.15):
9550 (35 )
T AC  9550 P
n
 500
 6 6 8 .5 N  m
Therefore,
TA
F  rA
 6 6 8 .5
0 .1 2 5
 5 .3 4 8 k N

( b ) T D E  F rD  5, 3 4 8 ( 0 .0 7 5 )  4 0 1 .1 N  m

TDE T AC
A
F
D
rD rA
F

Figure S1.23

SOLUTION (1.24)

n1  1 8 0 0 rp m , n 2  4 2 5 rp m , kW  20
From Eq. (1.15), we obtain T = 9549 kW/n. Thus

For input shaft

9549 ( 23)
T  1800
 122 N  m
For output shaft
9549 ( 20 )
T  425
 4 4 9 .4 N  m
Equation (1.14) gives
e  20
23
 100  87 %

SOLUTION (1.25)

N=150, F=2.25 kN, s=62.5 mm, e=88%

( a ) Referring to Eq. (1.12):
power output  F s ( 6N0 )  2 2 5 0  0 .0 6 2 5 ( 16500 )
 3 5 1 .6 W

( b ) Using Eq. (1.14), power transmitted by the shaft:

power input  3 5 1 .6 ( 0 .8 8 )  3 9 9 .5 W

SOLUTION (1.26)

Equation (1.10) becomes

Ek  I ( 
1 2 2
2 max min
) (1)
Here, mass moment inertia with 5 percent added:

I  ( 1 . 05 ) ( d o  d i )  l
4 4
32
(Table A.5)
(CONT.)

12
1.26 (CONT.)


 1 . 05  0 . 3 )( 0 . 1 )( 7 , 200 )
4 4
32
( 0 .4

 1 . 299 kg  m
2

 m a x  1 2 0 0 ( 610 )  2 0 r p s  1 2 5 .7 ra d s
 m in  1 1 0 0 ( 610 )  1 8 .3 r p s  1 1 5 ra d s

Equation (1) is therefore

Ek   115
1 2 2
2
( 1 . 299 )( 125 . 7 )
 1, 6 7 3 J

SOLUTION (1.27)

Final length of the wire:

L AC '  ( 2 )  (1 .2 6 )  2 .3 6 3 8 m
2 2

Initial length of the wire is

L AC  ( 2 )  (1 2 .5 )  2 .3 5 8 5 m
2 2

Hence, Eq. (1.20):

L AC '  L AC
 AC  L AC
 2 .3 6 3 8  2 .3 5 8 5
2 .3 5 8 5

 0 .0 0 2 2 5  2 2 5 0 μ

SOLUTION (1.28)

2 ( r  r ) 2 r
(a) c  2 r
 r
r

( c ) i  0 .3
150
 2000 μ
( c ) o  0 .2
250
 800 μ

 r o   ri
(b) r  r o  ri
 0 .3  0 .2
250  150
 1000 μ

SOLUTION (1.29)

LO B  d , L AB  L BC  d 2  1 .4 1 4 2 1 d
( a )  OB  0 .0 0 1 2 d
d
 1200 μ

( b ) L AB '  L CB '  d 
1

 (1 . 0012 d )  1 . 41506 d
2 2 2

 AB   BC  1 .4 1 5 0 6  1 .4 1 4 2 1
1 .4 1 4 2 1
 601 μ

 1 .0 0d1 2 d  
1
( c ) C A B  ta n
o
4 5 .0 3 4 4

Increase in angle C A B is 4 5 .0 3 4 4  4 5  0 .0 3 4 4 .
o

Thus
  0 .0 3 4 4  18 0   6 0 0 μ

13
SOLUTION (1.30)

(a) x  0 .8  0 .5
250
 1200 μ  y
  0 .4  0
200
 2000 μ

( b ) L ' AD  L AD   x L AD  L AD (1   x )
 250 (1 . 0012 )  250 . 3 mm

SOLUTION (1.31)

6 3
 L AB  800 (10 )150  120 (10 ) mm
6 3
 L AD  1000 (10 ) 200  200 (10 ) mm

We have
L BD  L AB  L AD
2 2 2

2 L BD  L BD  2 L AB  L AB  2 L AD  L AD
or
L AB L AD
 L BD  LBD  L AB  LBD  L AD (1)
  150
250
(120 )  200
250
( 200 ) 10
3
 0 . 232 mm

SOLUTION (1.32)

AC  BD   300  424 . 26 mm
2 2
300
B ' D '  4 2 4 .2 6  0 .5  4 2 3 .7 6 m m , A ' C '  4 2 4 .2 6  0 .2  4 2 4 .4 6 m m
Geometry: A ' B '  A ' D '

x   y
 A ' D '  AD
C' AD
1
B'   4 2 3 .7 6  2  4 2 4 .4 6  2  2

      300
  2   2  
 300
 363 μ
D'
   1 423 . 76 2
 xy
 2
   2
 2 tan 424 . 46 2
 1651 μ
A'

SOLUTION (1.33)

0.5 m 1m We have
A'  AD   AD L AD
0.00064 m F B C 6
A B  800  10 ( 0 .8 )
B'  0 .0 0 0 6 4 m
x 0.005 m

0.33 m
C'
(CONT.)

14
1.33 (CONT.)

From triangles A ' A F and C ' C F :

0 .0 0 0 6 4
x
 0 .0 0 5
1 .5  x
, x  0 .1 7 m
From triangles B ' B F and C ' C F :
0 .3 3

 01.0.3035 ,  B  0 .0 0 1 2 4 m    B E (contraction)
B

Therefore
  BE 6
 BE  LBE
 0 .0 0 1 2 4
1
  1 2 4 0 (1 0 )

  1, 2 4 0 

SOLUTION (1.34)

(a) x  0 . 006
50
 120 μ  y
  0 . 004
25
  160 μ

 xy
  1000  200   800 μ

( b ) L ' A B  L A B (1   y )  2 5 (1  0 .0 0 0 1 6 )  2 4 .9 9 6 m m
L ' A D  L A D (1   x )  5 0 (1  0 .0 0 0 1 2 )  5 0 .0 0 6 m m

End of Chapter 1

15
CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS

SOLUTION (2.1)

 
A0  (1 2 .5 )  1 2 2 .7 m m , Af  (1 2 .5  0 .0 0 6 )  1 2 2 .6 m m
2 2 2 2
4 4

We have  a  0 .3
200
 1500 μ , t  0 .0 0 6
1 2 .5
 480 μ
Thus
3
1 8 (1 0 )
S p
 P
A0
 1 2 2 .7
 1 4 6 .8 M P a
S 6
t
 
1 4 6 .7 (1 0 )
E    9 7 .8 G P a ,  0 .3 2
p

a 1 5 0 0 (1 0
6
) a

Also
% e lo n g a tio n  0 .3
200
(1 0 0 )  0 .1 5
122 . 7  122 . 6
% reduction in area  122 . 7
(100 )  0 . 082

SOLUTION (2.2)

Normal stress is
  P
A
 
2200
2
 2 8 6 .8 M P a
( 3 .1 2 5 )
4

This is below the yield strength of 350 MPa (Table B.1).

We have
  L  576.50 0  0 .0 0 1 3 3 9  1 3 3 9 μ
Hence
6
 2 8 6 .8 (1 0 )
E  
 6
 2 1 4 .2 G P a
1 3 3 9 (1 0 )

SOLUTION (2.3)

The cross-sectional area: A  w o t o  1 2 .7 ( 6 .1)  7 7 .4 7 m m

2

( a ) Axial strain and axial stress are

 a  0 6.038.54 1  0 .0 0 1 3 2 4  1 3 2 4 μ
    2 7 7 .5 M P a
P 2 1 ,5 0 0
a A 6
7 7 .4 7 (1 0 )

Because  a
 S y (See Table B.1), Hooke's Law is valid.
( b ) Modulus of elasticity,
 2 7 7 .5 (1 0 )
6

E  a
a
 6
 2 0 9 .6 G P a
1 3 2 4 (1 0 )

( c ) Decrease in the width and thickness

 w   w o  0 .3(1 2 .7 )  3 .8 1 m m
 t   t o  0 .3( 6 .1)  1 .8 3 m m

16
SOLUTION (2.4)

Assume Hooke's Law applies. We have

 t   15.5   3 0 0 μ
t
a   
  300
0 .3 4
 822 μ
Thus,
9
  E  a  (1 0 5  1 0 )(8 2 2  1 0 )  9 2 .6 1 M P a
9

Since   S y , our assumption is valid.

So
P   A  (9 2 .6 1)(  4 )(5 )  1 .8 1 8 k N
2

SOLUTION (2.5)

We obtain
L AC  L BD   15  21 . 21 mm
2 2
15

 L AC
 x
 L AC
 21 . 17  21 . 21
21 . 21
  1886 μ
 L BD
 y
 L BD
 21 . 22  21 . 21
21 . 21
 471 μ


6
100 ( 10 )
(a) E  
x
 6
 53 GPa
x  1886 ( 10 )

y
(b)   x 
471
1886  0 .2 5

(c) G  53
2 ( 1  0 . 25 )
 21 . 2 GPa

SOLUTION (2.6)

Use generalized Hooke’s law:

1 2 
x   y  z  E ( x   y
z) (1)
For a constant triaxial state of stress:
x   y  z  ,  x   y
 z  

1 2 
Then, Eq. (1) becomes   E  . Since  and  must have identical signs:
1  2  0  
1
or 2

SOLUTION (2.7)

We have 
4 5 0 (1 0 )
x
 50 (75 )
 120 M Pa

(CONT.)

17
2.7 (CONT.)

(a) x  0 .5
250
 2000 μ,  y
  0 .0 2 5
50
 500 μ

   0 .2 5
500
2000

 1 2 0 (1 0 )
6

(b) E  x
x
 6
 60 G Pa
2 0 0 0 (1 0 )

 6

(c) z  
1 2 0 (1 0 )
E
x
  0 .2 5 9
 500 μ
6 0 (1 0 )

6 3
 a   5 0 0 (1 0 ) 7 5   3 7 .5 (1 0 ) mm; a '  7 5  0 .0 3 7 5  7 4 .9 6 2 5 m m
9
6 0 (1 0 )
(d) G  2 (1  0 .2 5 )
 24 G Pa

SOLUTION (2.8)

We have
3

 y  z  0 
25 ( 10 )
x
 6
 125 MPa
20  10 ( 10 )

Thus
y  0  [   (  x   z )]
1
E y
(1)

z  0  [ z   (  x   y )]
1
E (2)

x  [ x   (    z )]
1
E y
(3)
Equations (1) and (2) become
 y   z   x (1’)
 z   y
  x (2’)

Adding :  (    z )  2   x (1   ) . Then, Eq. (3):

2
y

1   2 
2 
x 
x
1  E

Substituting the data:

6

 x
 1  0 . 3  0 . 18 125 ( 10 )
0 .7 9
 1327 μ
70 ( 10 )

SOLUTION (2.9)

Hooke's Law. We have  y

 0 and
  
x   
x y z

E E E
6
 10
9
[(8 0 )  0  0 .3 (1 4 0 )]  0 .0 0 0 5 2 8  5 2 8 μ
7 2 1 0

  
y    
x y z

E E E
6
 10
9
[  0 .3 (8 0 )  0  0 .3 (1 4 0 )]   9 1 7 μ
7 2 1 0

  
z    
x y z

E E E
6
 10
9
[  0 .3 (8 0 )  0  1 4 0 ]  1 6 1 1 μ
7 2 1 0

(CONT.)

18