Environment: Subject, Topic & Expert

PT 365
Environment
Copyright © 2016 by Vision IAS. [www.visionias.in] Subject, Topic & Expert

Climate
Change
Pollution
o m)
. c
Biodiversi ail
gm
@
ty un ics
mm
Conservat (m
jco
ion jA
Sustainab ano
rM
le ed
fo
Developm nalis
Disaster e rso
ent t is
p
Managem u me
n
ent doc
Geograph This
y
Miscellan
eous

IPCC Report
o m)
. c
• Global Warming of 1.5°C – IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel gm
ail
on Climate
Change) s@
u nic
mm
• IPCC – By UNEP and WMO in 1988: Assessment (m
j co reports related to
climate change, adaptation and mitigation measures a no
j A
- 6th AR will come in
M
2022 e d for
alis
• Doesn’t conduct its own research erso n
p
• Finding n t is
me u
o d oc
Global warming ≈1°C above pre-industrial levels
i s
o Th is very high
Risk transition from 1.5° to 2°
• Coral Bleaching: At 1.5° - 70-90% decline, At 2° - 99% (corals would be lost)
o As per Paris climate deal commitments carbon budget 1.5°C warming will be exhausted by 2030
o to limit at 1.5°C, reduce CO2 emissions by 45% by 2030 from the 2010 levels and reach net-zero
emissions by 2050.

Related Information
o m)
. c
• Hothouse Earth: natural processes trigger uncontrollable warming ail °C)
(>2
gm
• Paris Agreement s@
u nic
mm
j co
A(m
The scientific view is that the increase in global temperature should notanexceed oj 2 °C above pre-industrial level.
M
If the global temperature increases beyond 3 °C above the pre-industrial or level, what can be its possible
impact/impacts on the world? (2014) e df
lis
1. Terrestrial biosphere tends toward a net carbon source o na
rs
2. Widespread coral mortality will occur. i s pe
t
en
3. All the global wetlands will permanently disappear.
m
u
oc anywhere in the world.
4. Cultivation of cereals will not be possible
d
i s
Select the correct answer using the code Th given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 1 and 2 only
(c) 2, 3 and 4 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4

Effect of climate change on the Ocean
o m)
. c
• oceans have absorbed ~90% of the gm
ail
@
temperature rise, atmosphere ~ 1% m un
ic s
• Oceans in the world are warming 60% j A(mjcom

faster than what IPCC had stated in itsr Mano
5th Assessment report. alis
e df
o
n
o Ocean temperature increase e rso
p
o Acidification n t is
o Sea level rise me
o cu
d
o Changes in ocean currentsThis
o Extreme weather events
o Coral bleaching

Dead Zones
o m)
. c
• regions with low oxygen levels (hypoxic), occurring in water bodies such ail as lakes and
gm
oceans. s@
u nic
• Dead zones are reversible mm
j co
• Causes: Sea level rise, Eutrophication jA
(m
n o
• Consequences r Ma
f o
Which of the following best defines the term l is ed
Global Warming Potential?
n a
(a) measures the rise of potential energy of biosphere o due to increase in temperature due to global
p ers
warming is
e nt
(b) is an indicator of how much earth chas um heated up due to rise in Green House Gases compared to pre
industrial levels d o
is
Th
(c) Provides a comparison among countries as per their vulnerability profile due to rising temperature of
earth
(b)measure of how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere up to a specific time horizon,
relative to CO2

Land Degradation Neutrality
o m)
. c
• LDN: the amount and quality of land resources, necessary to support ail ecosystem
gm
functions and services and enhance food security, remains stableicsor @ increases within
u n
specified temporal and spatial scales mm
j co
• United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification A(m(UNCCD)
only internationally legally binding framework to address the problem o
of j desertification
o n
o Adopted in 1994 r Ma
o
o 2010 to 2020 has been declared as United Nations Decade for df
eDeserts and the Fight Against Desertification.
a l is
• LDN fund by UNCCD, managed by Mirova n
o (a private Investment management firm)
p ers
• Global Land Outlook Report, Land is
e nt for Life Programme: UNCCD
• was launched at UNCCD um
d oc
is
• National Action Plan (NAP) Th to combat desertification for 20 years (started in 2001)
• Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas (2016) of entire country was prepared by
ISRO

Climate Engineering
o m)
• . c
Climate Engineering or Geoengineering projects ail
o to tackle the effects of climate change directly, gm
@
o by removing CO2 from the air or nics
u
mm
o limiting the amount of sunlight reaching the planet's surface
• Examples: jco
(m
o Carbon Capture and Storage jA
o
o Carbon capture utilization storage M an
o Biochar making: Partly burn materials such as logging slash or crop waste, r in agriculture, can sequester carbon
foused
d
• lise Methods
Solar Radiation Management or Sunlight Reflection
na o
o Stratospheric Aerosol Injection (SAI): spraying rs into the stratosphere fine, light-coloured particles
i s pe
designed to reflect back part of the solarnt radiation before it reaches and warms the earth. Sulphur
Dioxide gas is used for the processcume
o
o Cirrus cloud manipulation: hHereis d the cirrus clouds are removed or thinned so that their long-wave
trapping capacity is reducedTand thus cools the surface.
o Marine cloud brightening: The low warm clouds which are highly reflective to sunlight are modified
to increase their reflectivity.
o Space sunshade: Obstructing sunrays with space based mirrors.
o Using pale-coloured roofing material or growing high albedo crops.

Global Environmental Facility
o m)
. c
• GEF - financial mechanism established under the 1992 Rio Earth Summit ail
gm
• th
6 assembly in Da Namg, Vietnam s@
ic
m un
• to help tackle our planet’s most pressing environmental problems. m
m jco
• Managed by World Bank (
jA
a no
• Environmental Conventions under GEF M
for
d
o se
CBD, UNCCD, UNFCCC, Stockholm Convention on POP,liMinamata Conventionn, Montral protocol (provides support)
na
• rso cutting by USA
Budget cut for the first time since its inception – efund
is p
• A new “index of development” for restricting e nt countries from accessing funding
um
• approved a grant of USD 15 millionsfor d octhe Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) project,
i
Th
started by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
• GEF Gender Mainstreaming Policy

Katowice COP 24 (1/2)
o m)
. c
• COP 24 in Katowice, Poland ail
gm
• RIO Earth Summit, 1992 @
n ics
Conventions: UNFCCC, UNCCD, CBD u
o
o mm
o jc
Documents: Agenda 21, Forest Principles, Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
A(m
• Funds: a no
j
GCF (COP 16, 2010, Cancun): mainly from developed countries, but M
also from some developing countries, regions, and one
for
o
city (Paris) e d
o Adaptation Fund (2001): adaptation projects and programmes n alis in developing country Parties to the Kyoto Protocol that are
so
particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climateerchange
p
o t is
Special Climate Change Fund (SCCF) (2001, Marrakech): is open to all vulnerable developing countries.
en
• Key Outcomes in Katowice cu
m
o Accounting mechanism i s do
o Th
Trading of Carbon Credits (Overachievement of NDCs)
o From CDM to SDM: will be discussed in COP 25,
o Overall Mitigation in Global Emissions: Beyond CDM, to deliver on cost-effectively reducing greenhouse gas
emissions, rather than creating carbon markets for their own sake.
o Loss and Damage

Katowice COP 24 (2/2)
o m)
. c
• CDM: emission reduction projects in developing countries to gearn ma
il certified
emission reduction (CER) credit equivalent to one tonne ofnicCO2. s@ These CERs
u
can be traded and sold and used by industrialized countries co
mm
j
o Main source of UNFCCC adaptation fund (m
o jA
• Talanoa Dialogue: Progress towards NDCs r Man
o
o Virtual Climate summit: Heads of Government level conference
e df , organised by the Climate Action Network
(CAN) and the Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF). nalis
o
• Climate Action Network (CAN): networkpof ersover 1300 NGOs
is
• Climate Vulnerable Forum (CVF): international partnership of countries highly vulnerable to a warming
e nt
planet: south-south cooperation um
c
do
• Global stocktake: to periodicallyTh
i s take stock of the implementation of the Paris
Agreement
• Kyoto Protocol: Entered in force in 2005, first commitment period (2008-12),
second commitment period (2013-20)

Suva Expert Dialogue
o m)
• On loss and damage – COP 23, Bonn . c
ail
• gm demand finances for
Loss and Damage: Historic responsibility of developed countries. Developing countries
s@
loss and damage ic
un
Subsidiary Body of Implementation (SBI) Work Program on loss and damage mm
o j co in Cancun (COP 16)
Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM) under the Cancun Adaptation (m
o
o j A Framework at COP 19
• Marrakech Partnership for Global Climate Action n
r Ma
• Small Island Developing states (SIDS) f o
l is ed
• Slow Onset Process on
a
e r s
t is p
n
u me
c
i s do
Th

Montreal Protocol
o m)
. c
• Montreal Protocol: decrease in ozone-depleting substances gm
(CFC, ail
HCHC, Halons, Methyl Bromide), Antarctic ozoneunihole cs@ is recovering
mm
• Vienna Convention (m
j co
jA
• Kigali agreement: Ma
n o
or
o Amended Montreal protocol to include HFCs e df
Binding from 2019 lis
o o na
e s r
• Impact: Stratospheric cooling,nt surface
is p temperature and precipitation in
e
southern hemisphere d oc
um
is
• Brewer Dobson Circulation:
Th tropical air has less ozone than polar air,
even though the tropical stratosphere is where most atmospheric ozone is
produced

Black Carbon
o m)
. c
• Short lived climate pollutant (Few days to ~10 years) ail
gm
s@
• incomplete combustion of biomass and fossil fuels ic
m un
m
• Emitted from gas and diesel engines, coal-fired power plants, co other
jand
( m
sources that burn fossil fuel jA
a no
rM
• Consists of particulate matter - Air pollutant sed fo
li
na
• negative implications for both human health o
ersand our climate.
pis and even birth defects
o e nt
respiratory and cardiovascular disease, cancer,
um change causing changes in patterns of rain
o d oc
Black carbon also contributes to climate
and clouds. is
Th
• As black carbon deposits in the Arctic, decreases albedo
• travelling from Mediterranean countries during the western disturbances
and wind trajectories

Related topic
o m)
. c
• Brown Carbon – During combustion of organic biomassgm ail
s@
• Blue Carbon – Carbon sequestered in coastal ecosystem m u nic
om
• SLCP: O3 and its precursors CO, VOC and NOx, A(m
j c CH4,
j
and some HFCs M an
o
or
• CCAC e df
lis
o na
• Global Air Pollution and Health i s
rs
pe Conference (first such
t
conference) u m en
c
o do
By WHO organized in Geneva,isSwitzerland.
o Th Combating Climate Change: Saving Lives.’
Theme: ‘Improving Air Quality,
o Geneva Action Agenda to Combat Air Pollution

Petcoke
o m)
. c
• India banned the import of petcoke for use as fuel ail
gm
s@
• allowed only for cement, lime kiln, calcium carbide and gasification un
ic industries in
manufacturing m m
m jco
(
• Petroleum coke - carbon rich derived from oil refining no
jA
M a
• Emits more GHG and Sulphur than coal d for
e
• Dumping ground by USA n alis
o
p ers
• India largest consumer of Petcoke is
e nt
• Why petcoke: um
oc d
is
Cheaper, Favourable tax, clean
o Th energy cess on coal, zero ash content (favourable for cement industry)
• Environment Protection (Prevention and Control) Authority (EPCA) for NCR –
constituted under Section 3(3) of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

GHG Emission from Shipping Industry
o m)
. c
• IMO members will reduce their GHG emissions from shipping by at mleast ail 50% of 2008
g
levels by 2050 s@
th u nic
• As a country goal shipping is 6 largest emitter of CO2 omm
jc
• Shipping was not accounted for in the Paris agreement j A(m
a no
• Mechanisms: M
d for
o Slowing down ships reduces GHG e
o Use Scrubbers or other ehhaust gas cleaning devices n alis
o
o Use low sulphur fuels p ers
is
o Alternative energy source e nt
m
o cu
• MARPOL Convention - Internationalis d Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from
Ships (MARPOL) Th
o Under IMO, India a signatory
• Heavy fuel oil (HFO) also known as residual fuel oil - residual waste from the oil
refining process

National Clear Air India Programme
o m)
. c
ail
• pollution control initiative to cut the concentrations@ofgm particles
ic
(PM10 & PM2.5) – 20 -30% by 2024 m un
m
m jco
(
• implemented in 102 non-attainment cities jA
a no by CPCB
M
for
• Three components: na
lise
d
rso
o Mitigation action: 7 components i s pe
t
o Knowledge and database augmentation m en
u
d oc
o Institutional StrengtheningThi s
• CPCB:
o Statutory under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
o Also derives power from the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

Clean Air India Initiative
o m)
. c
• a collaborative project between ail
gm
@
o ics
Get in the Ring (a platform for start-ups by the government of the Netherlands),
m un
m
o Start-up India and m jco
A(
o INDUS Forum (an online matchmaking platform of Indian oj and Dutch businesses)
M an
or
• build a network of entrepreneurs working lis e df on business solutions for
n a
cleaner air. p e rso
n t is
• #Startuplink: Indian andocDutch
um
e
government
d
his
• Clean Air India Ring is a critical component of the Indo-Dutch
T
#StartUpLink.

SAFAR
o m)
. c
• System of Air Quality and Weather Forecasting And ail
gmResearch
s@
ic
(SAFAR) m m un
jco
• Regarding awareness and mitigation measures no
jA
( m
M a
• Implemented in Delhi, Pune, Mumbai e d for and Ahmedabad
n alis
• monitors UV-Index, PM1, PM2.5, p ers
o
PM10, Mercury, Black Carbon,
t is
Sulfur Dioxide, Ozone, Nitrogenu me
n
Oxides, Carbon Monoxide,
d oc
Benzene, Toluene and Th Xylene
is
• developed by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, and

operationalized by India Meteorological Department

National Air Quality Index
o m)
. c
ail
• various pollutants into a single number (index svalue) @
gm
ic
nomenclature and colour. m m un
m jco
(
• six AQI categories for eight pollutants M a no
j A (PM10, PM2.5, NO2,
SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb) alised for

n
rso
• SAMEER app has been developed n t is
p e to display AQI at a city
me
and receive complaints o cu
h is d
• National Ambient TAir Quality Standards : SO2, NO2, PM10,
PM2.5, O3, Pb, CO, NH3, Benzene, Benzo(a)Pyrene, Arsenic and
Nockel
CEPI and WAYU
o m)
. c
ail
Comprehensive Environnemental Pollution Index – s@gm
ic
un
• By CPCB for Monitoring Polluted IndustrialjcAreas om
m
( m
jA
• 0-100, Red, Orange, Green White M a no
d for
e
WAYU (Wind Augmentation Purifying o n alis Unit):
p ers
• developed by CSIR-NEERI e nt(Council of Scientific and Industrial
is
um
oc
Research – National Environmental
Th
is d Engineering Research Institute)
• works on two principles mainly Wind generation for dilution of
air pollutants and Active Pollutants removal

Toxicity in Indian Rivers
o m)
. c
• report titled Status of trace and toxic metals in Indian rivers 2018 by Central Water ail Commission
gm
• 42 rivers have at least 2 toxic metals s@
u nic
• Example: lead, arsenic, copper, cadmium, mercury and nickel mm
j co
• Sources of River pollution: Natural, Agricultural, Industrial, Domestic, (m Others
o jA
an
• Impact: on health due to toxicity and non-biodegradabiltiyfoaffects rM vital organs, Affects species diversity
e d
• Remedial measures: alis
o n
o Controlling runoff pollution, p ers
is
o Chemical and biological treatment, ment
u
o effective implementation of laws d oc
i s
Th
o green remediation technique: Water hyacinth is used for cleansing polluted water by absorbing
pollutants especially chromium

Composite Water Management Index
o m)
. c
• By NITI Aayog – For states and Uts regarding water management ail
gm
s@
• in partnership with Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry m un
ic of Drinking
m
Water & Sanitation and all the States/ Union Territories ( m jco
jA
• 9 broad themes and 28 indicators M a no
for
• water-scarce states have performedalisbetter e d in the Index like Gujarat,
n
Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, p ersKarnataka, Maharashtra and
o
is
Telangana. m e nt
cu
• Water Stressed Condition:is d o annual per capita availability <1700 cubic
Th
meters.
• Water Scarcity Condition: annual per capita availability <1000 cubic
meters.

Guidelines for Ground Water Extraction
o m)
• . c
By Central Ground Water Authority (CGWA): EPA ail
gm
• largest user of ground water in the world – India ic s@
• The Easement Act, 1882, provides every landowner with the right to m un
collect and dispose, within his
m
own limits, all water under the land and on the surface. Not liable j co case of damage by over
in
(m
extraction. o jA
n
Features: r Ma
f o
• For Industries: l is ed
a
o Water conservation fee – will increase progressively,rswater on use efficiency measures
o Use of recycled and treated water p e
Action against polluting industries n t is
me
o
o Mandatory requirement of digital flow meters,
o cu water level recorders
o Water audit h is d
o Roof top rain water harvesting T
o NOC: Online, renewed periodically subject to compliance
• Flexibility to states: special criteria by states: will be reviewed by CWGA
• Monitoring
• Exemption to agriculture, defense, water supplying agencies, individual households

National Water Informatics Centre
o m)
. c
• repository of nation-wide water resources data – Under MoWRG, headed ail by joint
gm
secretary s@
u nic
• web-based India Water Resources Information System (India-WRIS) mm on a GIS platform
j co
( m
• component of National Hydrology Project and also in no
A
j consonance with the National
M a
Water Mission for
e d
• Benefits: Settling disputes, water resources management, n alis will help in R&D
r so
• National Hydrology project: e
t is p
n
o Central sector scheme
u me
c
o Hydro-meteorological data will be stored
i s doand analyzed in real time basis
• Water Resource Information System Th
o CWC and ISRO
o Single Window solution' for all water resources data & information in a national GIS framework

Rainwater Harvesting in Metropolitan Cities
o m)
. c
• Report by Parliamentary standing committee ail
gm
• Techniques: @
n ics
u
o Roof Top Rain Water Harvesting-
mm
o Driveway Rain Off Harvesting jco
(m
• Some Traditional Methods of Rainwater Harvesting jA
o in states- In India, rainwater
M an
harvesting has been in practice for more than 4000
for years. d
o Himachal Pradesh- Kul, Kuhi
a lise
Rajasthan- Baoris, Jhalaras, Johad, Nadis, khadins, kunds n
rso
o
o Maharashtra- Bhandaras p e
o Bihar- Ahar-Pynes n t is
me
o Karnataka- Kere o cu
o h is d
Madhya Pradesh- Bundela Tank, Chandela Tank, Katas, Pat
o Tamil Nadu- Eri, Ooranis T
o Nagaland- Cheo-ozihi
o Andhra Pradesh- Cheruvu
o West Bengal- Dungs

Nitrogen Pollution (1/2)
o m)
. c
• Indian Nitrogen Assessment Report ail
gm
• Mains sources: Agricultural soil, waste water, residential and commercial activities s@
ic
m un
• Nitrogen cycle: transferred from soil and water to the atmosphere through co
mdenitrification: Denitrifying
j
bacteria use nitrate instead of oxygen when obtaining energy (m
o jA
• Effects of Nitrogen pollution an
rM fo
o Health: Baby Blue syndrome, , reduced functioning of the thyroid gland,d Vitamin A shortages
a lise
o n
Agriculture: excess nitrogen bring down carbon content, diminishing crop yields
e rso
o Eutrophication
i sp
e nt
• Gothenburg Protocol: to Abate Acidification,
m Eutrophication and Groundlevel Ozone, part of the
o cu
is d
Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
Th
• International Nitrogen Initiative (INI): Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE)
and from the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) to optimize nitrogen’s beneficial role in
sustainable food production

Nitrogen Pollution (2/2)
o m)
Which ofathe c
il following acts as
.
• Steps taken: boths@ g m
Green House Gas and
o Soil health card, n i c
Neem coated Urea (to slow down disssolution of nitrogen in Ozone
u Depleting Substance:
o mm
soil hence less nutrient requirements) m jco 1. N2O
(
o Bharat Stage Norms – CO, HC, NOx, PM (Vehicular jA 2. NOx
a no
emission) M 3. CH4
d for
o National Air quality index lise 4. HFC
n a
• Nitrogen Emission Hotspots: Greenpeace
p e rso Select the correct answer using
o South Africa’s Mpumalanga province t is
nemits the highest the code given below:
m e
amounts of nitrogen dioxide and the c u largest number of (a) 1 only
hotspots are found in China. his do (b) 2 and 4 only
o T Sonbhadra in UP &
Hotspot in India: Delhi-NCR, (c) 3 only
Singrauli in MP (both taken as one entity) and
Talcher-Angul in Odisha (d) 1 and 4 only

Convention on Long range Transboundary Air Pollution
o m)
• implemented by the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP),aidirected l. c by
g m
the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). s@
8 Protocols: u nic
mm
• Aarhus Protocol on Heavy Metals j co
A(m
j and
• Gothenburg Protocol to Abate Acidification, Eutrophication an
o Ground-level Ozone
• Aarhus Protocol on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) M
or
e df
• Oslo Protocol on Further Reduction of Sulphur Emissions lis
o na
• Geneva Protocol concerning the Control of pEmissions ers of Volatile Organic Compounds or their
Transboundary Fluxes t i s
m en
• Sofia Protocol concerning the Control u
c of Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides or their Transboundary
s do
Fluxes Th
i
• Helsinki Protocol on the Reduction of Sulphur Emissions or their Transboundary Fluxes by at least
30 per cent
• Geneva Protocol on Long-term Financing of the Cooperative Programme for Monitoring and
Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe

Plastic Pollution (1/2)
o m)
. c
• India committed to eliminate all single-use plastic in the gcountry ail m by 2022.
s@
• On 2018 World Environment Day (June 5, 2018)muwith nic “Beat Plastic
m
Pollution” – India hosted ( m jco
jA
• Microplastics (<1mm): use in personal care M a noproducts like toothpaste,
body creams, clothing and industrial use d for
e
n alis
• Impact: Bioaccumulation, Leaching p ers of chemicals, Vector borne disease,
o
is
Air Pollution, m e nt
cu
• Plastic Waste (Management is d o and Handling) Rules, 2016: Defines
Th
minimum thickness, responsibility of local bodies, waste generator, street
vendors and retailers, extended producer responsibility

Plastic Pollution (2/2)
o m)
. c
• UN Environment launches #CleanSeas campaign gm ail
s@
• Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary u nic Movements of
o mm
Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal j A(mjc
o
• Stockholm Convention on POPs for Man
d
• The Honolulu Strategy: for marine a lise debris worldwide.
n
e rso
• Alliance to End Plastic Waste: e n t is
p
NGO includes companies from the
world, Reliance is a partdocum
his
• Taj Declaration: phasing out of single use plastic in the 500 meters
T
of Taj Mahal
• Ocean Clean up: NGO, directed at cleaning Great Pacific Garbage
Patch by half in next 5 years
Blue Flag Certification
o m)
. c
• established by Copenhagen-based Foundation forgm ail
s@
Environmental Education (FEE) m u nic
om
• environmental award for beaches, sustainable j A(m
j c boating tourism
o
operators, and marinas. M an
or
df
• Chandrabhaga beach of Odisha's: na
lis first in Asia to get blue flag
e
o
certification i s pe
rs
t
en
• Unified Coastal Areas Management
oc
u m Programme by MoEF to
d
improve aquatic habitat
Th and eco-tourism
is
• Society for Integrated Coastal Management (SICOM)

o Under MoEF&CC to support implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone Management

Pesticides Ban
o m)
. c
• Banned 18 pesticides based on Anupam verma committee recommendations gm
ail
• Endosulfan not reviewed s@
u nic
• Central Insecticide Board and Registration Committee mm
j co
(m
• UNEP led Stockholm Convention For Persistent o j AOrganic Pollutants
n
r Ma
• Rotterdam Convention: promotes open exchange s ed
f o of information and calls on
l i
exporters of hazardous chemicals to use rso
n proper labelling, include directions on
a
e
safe handling, and inform purchasers
n t is of any known restrictions or bans.
p
e
• Grow Safe food Campaign:docto umcreate awareness about the safe and judicious use
is
of pesticides among the various stakeholders
Th

Convention on Biological Diversity (1/2)
o m)
. c
• CoP 14 of CBD: Sharm El-Sheikh Declaration gm
ail
@
o Investing in Biodiversity for People and Planet un ics
mm
o Launch of International Alliance of Nature and (m
j co Culture in collaboration
with UNESCO o jA
n
r Ma
o called for UN General Assembly to designate
ed
f o 2021 to 2030 as the UN
l is
Decade of Ecosystem Restorationsona
per
• CBD t is
n
me
o promote the conservation of do
c biodiversity
u
i s
o Th
sustainable use of its components, and
o fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resource
• Legally binding

Convention on Biological Diversity (2/2)
o m)
. c
• Protocols under CBD ail
gm
s@
o Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety: It seeks to protect biological un
ic diversity from the
potential risks posed by living modified organisms resulting m m from modern
j co
biotechnology jA
(m
n o
• establishes an advance informed agreement for informed Ma decision to countries
f o r
• Biosafety Clearing-House to facilitate the exchange d of information on LMOs
a lise
o Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit rso
n Sharing: It aims at sharing the benefits
arising from the utilization of genetic p e resources in a fair and equitable way.
n t is
th me
• India submitted 6 National Report (NR6) to the CBD – mandatory
o cu
is d
• progress in achievement of 12 National Biodiversity
T h
Targets (NBT): in line with the 20 global Aichi biodiversity targets

Asiatic Lion Conservation Project
o m)
. c
ail
• CSS - MoEF s@
gm
ic
un
• Schedule 1 of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 jco
m m
( m
jA
• Appendix-I of CITES, while M a no
d for
• IUCN lists it in endangered category o n alis
e
p ers
• 5 Protected areas: Gir National m e nt
is Park, Gir Sanctuary, Pania
u
Sanctuary, Mitiyala oc
Sanctuary
d and Girnar Sanctuary.
i s
Th
• 23 Lions died: due to Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) and
tick-bore Babesiosis

Tiger Conservation
o m)
• IUCN: Endangered . c
ail
• Schedule 1 of WPA, Appendix 1 of CITES gm
s@
ic
• a female cub was shifted from Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve (BTR) in Madhya
m un Pradesh to Satkosia Tiger
Reserve (STR) in Odisha. m
jco
• conceived by the MoEFCCC, NTCA and Wildlife Institute of India j A(m
• Conservation efforts in India no
Ma
Project tiger: CSS or
o
e df
o NTCA: under WPA, 1972 lis
o na
o Monitoring System for Tigers – Intensive Protection rs and Ecological Status (M-STrIPES)
i s pe
o Critical tiger habitat: WPA t
• Global efforts: m en
u
o Global Tiger Initiative (GTI): includes d ocvarious stakeholders: World Bank, GEF, also includes Snow leopards
i s
Th
o Global tiger forum: intergovernmental international body
o TX2: St. Petersburg Declaration on Tiger Conservation was adopted under the GTI and the Global
Tiger Recovery Programme or TX2
o Conservation Assured Tiger Standards CA|TS: a set of criteria which allows tiger sites to check if their
management will lead to successful tiger conservation part of TX2

Elephant Conservation
• Elephant – National heritage animal, schedule 1 of WPA, Endangered under IUCN o m)
. c
• Land scale approach: holistic approach to conservation, concerned with biodiversity and ail
gm
local economies, agriculture, eco-tourism, health and social benefits of the environment. s@
u nic
• Gaj yatra: At securing 100 elephant corridors across India m
j com
o By MoEF, Wildlife Trust of India, International fund for Animal Welfare (m
jA
o Started in Garo Hills Meghalaya a no
M
o Elephant corridors in India: linkages between forest patches d for
e
• Singphan Wildlife Sanctuary as an Elephant Reserve in Nagaland n alis
o
• Project Elephant: To protect elephants, their habitat & corridorsp ers
• Monitoring of Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE) t is
nProgramme: Under Resolution to
m e
CITES c u
i s do
• Asian Elephant Alliance: Five NGOs: T h
Elephant Family, International Fund for Animal
Welfare (IFAW), IUCN Netherlands, World Land Trust (WLT) and Wildlife Trust of India
(WTI).

Integrated Development of Wildlife Habitat
o m)
. c
ail
• CSS @
gm
ics
o Project Tiger (CSS-PT), m un
m
m jco
o Development of Wildlife Habitats (CSS-DWH) and j A (
o
M an
o Project Elephant (CSS-PE). for
lised
• Implementation – States e rso
na
is p
ent
um
doc
This

Cheetah Reintroduction Project
o m)
. c
• Reintroduce Cheetahs in Nauradehi gm
ail
@
sanctuary in MP un
ic s
m
• NTCA is nodal agency ( m jco
m
jA
• flagship species of the grasslands, M a no
scrublands and open forests d for
e
n alis
• Declared extinct in India in 1952perso
is
• Project Cheetah – reintroduction e nt of
m
o cu
Cheetah h is d
T
• Asiatic Cheetah: Critically Endangered
• African Cheetah: Vulnerable

Asian Rhinos
o m)
. c
• Asian Rhino Range Countries: India, Nepal, Bhutan, Indonesia ail
gm
and
Malaysia s@
u nic
mm
• New Delhi Declaration on Asian Rhinos 2019. (m
j co
jA
• Javan and Sumatran rhinos are currentlyMclassified an
o as critically
o r
endangered l is ed
f
a
• Indian Rhino: Vulnerable, r son
e
t is p
• found in Assam – KazirangaumNational
en Park, Manas National Park,
o c
Pobitora Reserve Forest,hisOrang
d National Park, Laokhowa Reserve Forest
T
etc.
• Indian Rhino Vision 2020 – implemented by Assam State Government
with the Bodo autonomous council as an active partner and supported
by WWF- India
Great Indian Bustard
o m)
. c
ail
• Critically Endangered, s@
gm
ic
un
• Schedule 1 of WPA ( m jco
m m
jA
no
• Covered under Bonn Convention:forConservation M a of migratory
e d
species n alis
o
p ers
is
• Indicator species of grassland, e nt
um
d oc
his
• endemic to Indian sub continent,
T
• state bird of Rajasthan

o Project Godawan: desert National Park

Dolphins
o m)
. c
• Ganges Dolphin: gm
ail
o Endangered, freshwater, blind s@
o Never enters the sea u nic
mm
o National Aquatic Animal j co
(m
o Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary (VGDS) in Bihar onlyoin j AIndia
n
• Indus Dolphin (Bhulan): r Ma
f o
o State aquatic animal of Punjab l is ed
a
o Punjab in collaboration with WWF organised census r son
e
o Endangered, freshwater and blind dolphin t is p
n
• Irrawady Dolphin: u me
c
o Endangered i s do
Th
o live in both freshwater and saltwater,
o South and South East Asia
• Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphins
o Indian Ocean, Endangered, Schedule 1

Banni Grassland
o m)
. c
ail
• Near Rann of Kutch – largest natural grasslands@in gm Indian
ic
subcontinent m m un
m jco
(
• Formed of ocean clay – elements of Msalt an
oj
A
for
• 22 ethnic communities living innalisthe area called Maldhari
e d
o
pastoralists: Leaving grassland p ers due to water scarcity
n t is
e
um
• Chari-Dhand Wetland h is d
o(Shallow) Conservation Reserve - most
c
important bird areasT in the desert ecosystems of India.

Natural Capital
o m)
. c
• Envistats India 2018 report by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation ail
gm
• India’s economic growth took a toll on its natural assets like forests, food andniclean cs@ air
m u
• Natural capital: ements of the nature that provide valuable goods and cservices om to humans
j
• Natural capital accounting: (m
o jA
n
o to gain an understanding of the interaction between the r Ma
economy and the environment
f o
e d
o to measure the state of ecosystems,
n alis
o
o flows of ecosystem services p ers
t is
nresources
o changes in stocks and flows of natural m e in relation to economic changes.
o cu
• System of Environmental-Economic is d Accounting: the contribution of the environment to the economy
T h
and the impact of the economy on the environment
• Natural Capital Accounting and Valuation of Ecosystem Services: United Nations Statistics Division,
UNEP, CBD, and EU – India is a participant country

Legal Entity Status for Animals
o m)
. c
ail
• By Uttarakhand high court s@
gm
ic
un
• entire animal kingdom - legal entities (mjcom m
jA
no
• Distinct identity, legal personality,forduties M a and rights
e d
alis
• Ganga and Yamuna as livingpersentity o n – Uttarakhand High Court
is
nt
• Fraternal Ties with tree
do
cu– Sikkim
m e
is
Th

Access and Benefit Sharing
o m)
. c
ail
• Uttarakhand High Court has directed DivyacsPharmacy @
gm – as
i
un
per Biodiversity act, 2002 jco
m m
A( m
oj
• Centre for Biodiversity Policy and or
M Law: India and Norway
a n
d f
in the National Biodiversity Authority son
a lise (NBA)
e r
is p
• Biodiversity Act, 2002:umNBA, en
t SSBs, BMCs
c
do
• PIC and MAT Th
i s

National REDD+ Strategy (1/2)
o m)
. c
• UN Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Which ofgm ail following statements is/are
the
Degradation (REDD) in Developing Countries was launched in s@
correct?
u nic
2008 mm
Proper design and effective
j co implementation of UN-REDD+
o FAO, UNDP, UNEP (m
o jA Programme can significantly contribute
• COP 19: agreed on Warsaw REDD+ framework a n
M to (2016)
for
• UN-REDD Programme supports nationally led REDD+ e d processes
n alis 1. protection of biodiversity
• REDD+ goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, e rso and
p 2. resilience of forest ecosystems
includes the role of conservation, sustainable t is management of forests
n 3. poverty reduction
and enhancement of forest carbon stocks. u me Select the correct answer using the code
d oc
• a climate change mitigation solutioni s
Th that has many initiatives
given below.
including the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility (FCPF) and (a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
Forest Investment Program (FIP), hosted by The World Bank.
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

National REDD+ Strategy (2/2)
o m)
. c
Important Provisions: ail
gm
• Coverage - Forests, trees outside forest, Research on s@
ic
m un
potential of grassland, salt marshes etc regarding Carbon m
sequestration m jco
A(
n oj
• Phased Approach: National Strategy, Implementation, M a
Result based action and verifiable outcomes d for
a lise
• Sub National Approach: 14 physiographic zonesrsby n
o the
p e
FSI, role of state governments is
e nt
• REDD+ Activities: Conservation and enhancement um of
d oc
forest carbon stocks i s
Th
• Capacity building, Appointing targets
• Funding: FC – 7.5% weighatge to forest cover, CAMPA,
GCF and other external sources

Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act, 2001
o m)
. c
• world’s only Intellectual Property Rights legislation ail on plant
gm
s@
ic
varieties that recognised and protected the rights m m unof both breeders as
jco
well as farmers maintaining traditional landraces jA
( m
a no
• Landraces: a domesticated, locallyedadapted, for
M
traditional variety of a
lis
species of animal or plant that has rso na developed over time
i s pe
• Objectives u m en
t
c
o do
To recognize and protect theisrights of farmers
Th
o To accelerate agricultural development
o Facilitate the growth of seed industry

Recovery programme for Wildlife Species (1/2)
• NBWL added 4 species to a Recovery

Programme for Critically Endangered o m)
. c
Species ail
gm
o the Northern River Terrapin – s@
u nic
Riverine turtle, Critically endangered, mm
j co
o Clouded Leopard – Himalayn (m
o jA
foothills, Vulnerable n
r Ma
f o
o Arabian Sea Humpback Whale -
l is ed
a
Endangered r son
pe
o Red Panda – Endangered, Sikkim, nt is
Arunachal Pradesh and West bengal me
o cu
• NBWL: Statutory under WPA, Chaired h is d by
T
PM, responsibilities

Recovery programme for Wildlife Species (2/2)
m)
• 17 other species – o Nicobar Megapode,ail. co
gm
s@
o Snow Leopard, o Manipur ic
un Brow-antlered Deer,
m m
o Bustard (including Floricans), jco
o jVultures,
A( m
no
o Dolphin, a
for o Malabar Civet,
M
e d
o Hangul, n alis o Indian Rhinoceros,
e rso
o Nilgiri Tahr, p
n t is o Asiatic Lion,
m e
u
o Marine Turtles, s d oc o Swamp Deer and
i
Th
o Dugongs, o Jerdon’s Courser.
o Edible Nest Swiftlet
o Asian Wild Buffalo

Species in News
o m)
• Western Hoolock gibbon • Elephant Bird (Vorombe ail. c Titan
gm
• Black Panther • Blue Sheep or iBharal s@
u nc
• Nilgiri Tahr • Red Panda mm
j co
• Sangai (m
• Hog deer o j A deer
n
• Euarasian Otter • fo Ma
r Amur Falcon
d
• Mugger Crocodile a lise• Indian Leopard
n
• Ghariyal e rso • Olive Ridley Turtle
t is p
• Sarus Cranre n • Northern River terrapin
u me
o c
• Chrysilla Vollupe is d • Vultures in India
T h
• Red Sanders • Kashmiri Stag
• North Indian Rosewood/Shisham • Ganges Shark
• Arabian Sea Humpback whale

Migratory Birds and their Habitats
o m)
• National Action Plan for Conservation of . c
ail
gm
Migratory Birds and their Habitats along ic s@
un
Central Asian Flyway m m
m jco
• Central Asian flyway: migration routes over 30 (
jA
a no
countries, one of the nine for
M
d
• Six Inter related components of action plan: onalise
rs
o Species conservation
i s pe
t
o Habitat conservation and sustainable management
m en
u
o Capacity Building d oc
i s
o Communication and Outreach Th
o Research and Monitoring
o International Cooperation

Community Forest Resource
o m)
. c
• Report by Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) ail
gm
• Rights of traditional forest dwellers s@
ic
m un
• Joint Forest Management under National Forest policy 1988 m
m jco
• Forest Rights Act 2006: (
jA
a no
o Individual forest rights M
d for
e
o Community rights: alis n
•
ownership, use and disposal of minor forest e so
rproduce or non-timber forest produce (NTFP).
i s p
•
rights of grazing, collection of firewood, t
m en fish and other such products from water bodies, as well as rights to
u including those related to traditional knowledge
biodiversity and intellectual property,
d oc
o Community forest resource:Tfor s
hi protection and conservation of forests
o gram sabha, or village assembly, will initially pass a resolution recommending whose rights to which
resources should be recognised
o Gram Sabha Control over forest governance and CFR management committees

‘Cultural Model’ of Conservation
o m)
. c
• respect for the rights of indigenous peoples and other bearers gof ail
m traditional
s@
knowledge ic
m un
m
• Kinshasa Resolution under IUCN recognizes the model m jco
(
jA
a no
• Idu Mishmi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh protest: for
M is declaration of Dibang Wildlife
e d
Sanctuary (DWS) as Tiger Reserve n alis
o
ers
• Existing conservation in India usingt iscultural conservation
p
en
o Bishnoi Tribe of Rajasthan: Bishnois umconsider trees as sacred and protect the entire ecosystem
d oc
o is
Chenchu Tribe of Andhra Pradesh: tiger conservation at Nagarjunasagar Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR).
Th
o Maldhari Tribe in Junagadh(Gujarat): lion conservation in Gir forest area
o Bugun Tribe of Arunachal Pradesh: protect the critically endangered bird Bugun Liocichla.
o Nyishi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh in conserving hornbills in the Pakke/Pakhui Tiger Reserve

Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve
Others MAB -WNBR site ) m
• included in the UNESCO’s World Network of i l. coin India
Biosphere Reserve (WNBR) under the Man and • ma Kerala and Karnataka
Nigiri – TamilgNadu,
• Gulf of Mannar- s@ Tamil Nadu
Biosphere Programme (MAB) u nic
• m
Sundarban-
m West Bangal
j co
• Trijunction of India (Sikkim), Nepal and China • A(mNanda Devi-Uttrakhand
j
o
n• Nokrek- Meghalaya
• The site is among 34 biodiversty hotspots M a
f o r
• Pachmarchi-Madhya Pradesh
• Mixed Heritage site under UNESCO l is ed
a • Simlipal- Orisa
r son
• Fauna: Red Panda, Snow Leopard, Muskis deer, p e • Achanakmar-Amarkantak- Madhya Pradesh
n t
Himalyan Tahr me • Great- Nicobar- Andaman and Nicobar
o cu Island
s d
• MAB Th
i
• Agasthyamala- Kerala and Tamilnadu
o aims to establish a scientific basis for the improvement of relationships
between people and their environment

Indian Sundarbans
o m)
. c
• Sundarban Reserve Forests as the wetlands of ail
gm
s@
International Importance m un
ic
m
• Largest Ramasar site, Chillika lake first m jco
(
jA
no
Ramasar site M a
d for
e
• largest tidal halophytic mangroveonforest alis
rs
• Ganga- Brahmaputra delta region i s pe
t
m en
u
• UNESCO World Heritage i s d oc Site
Th
• the only mangrove habitat which supports a
significant population of tigers

India Biodiversity Awards
o m)
. c
• Government of India and UNDP ail
gm
• About NBA @
n ics
u
• Bungun Liocichla: mm
jco
o Singchung Bugun Village Community - Arunachal (m
jA
o only new bird discovered after 1947 ano
o In Arunachal Pradesh named after Bugun tribe
forM
o Critically endangered ed
nalis
• Amur Falcon e rso
o Lemsachenlok Organization - Nagaland p
is
o Longest travelling raptors (Mongloia to South e nt via India)
africa
m
o Rest at Doyang lake, Nagaland cu
is do
• Kharai Camels Th
o Kutch Unt Uchherak Maldhari Sangathan - Gujarat
o Swimming camels of Bhuj Gujarat
o Grazes on mangrove trees
o Live in both coastal and Dry ecosystem
• Kalden Singhi Bhutia (Sikkim) for Tibetan Sheep

Kaziranga National Park
o m)
. c
• Split in two divisions with Brahmputra in between :gm ail
@
o Eastern Assam Wildlife nics
mmu
o Biswanath Wildlife park jco
(m
ojA
n
• UNESCO World Heritage Site f o r Ma
ed
• Important bird area by Birdlife sInternational
on
a l is
e r
• One Horned Rhino, Elephants,
en
t is p Wild water Buffalo, Swamp Deer
m
ocu
is d
Th

Ecotourism Policy
o m)
. c
ail
• It will be developed in Protected Areas (PAs-cs@wildlife gm
i
un
sanctuaries, national parks, conservation reserves j co
m m and
(m
community reserves) o jA
n
r Ma
f o
ed
• areas outside designated PAs sincluding on
a l is forests, mangroves,
e r
sacred groves, mud flats, ewetlands t is p and rivers.
n
u m
oc
• Eco-Tourism Development
Th
i s d
Board to be established by
State/Union Territory

Wildlife Conservation – Private Participation
o m)
. c
• Karnataka drafted Private Conservancy Rules ail
@
gm - to increase
ic s
forest area through private land m m un
m jco
(
• a minimum of 100 acres of land bordering M a no
jA a national park can
for
convert it to a “Wildlife PrivatenaliConservancy”.
s e d
rso
pe
• Amazon Region Protected en
t Areas Program (ARPA) in Brazil
i s
u m
funded by WWF This doc

National Policy on BioFules-2018 (1/2)
o m)
. c
• A hydrocarbon fuel produced from organic matter in a shorter period. ail
gm
s@
ic
• Types: m m un
o Bio Ethanol (alcohol produced from fermentation of carbohydrate), (used m jco as an additive to increase octane
number i.e. fuel can withstand more compression before ignition jA
a no
Bio Diesel: Methyl ester of fatty acids obtained from plants. M
o
d for Directly used as fuel
Bio Gas: methane produced by anaerobic digestion of e
organic material
alis
o
o n
o Bio Jet: used for or blended with air turbine fuel rs
i s pe
• CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum,ntSpice jet Flight
e
um
• Generation: do
c
T his
o First: from food crops such as wheat and sugar
o Second: non-food crops and feedstock such as wood, grass, seed crops
o Third: Engineered algae whose biomass is converted into biofuel. Low GHG emission
o Fourth: Will capture and store CO2 apart from being a source of sustainable energy

National Policy on BioFules-2018 (2/2)
o m)
. c
Salient Features ail
gm
• Categorisation of biofuels s@
u nic
o Basic Biofuels: First Generation (1G) bioethanol & biodiesel mm
o Advanced Biofules: Second Generation (2G) ethanol, Municipal m jco Solid Waste (MSW) to drop-in
(
fuels, third Generation (3G) biofuels, bio-CNG, algae based j A fuels etc
a no
• Expands the scope of raw material for ethanol productionfor M
d
• Allows use of surplus food grains for production of aethanol lise
n
• Thrust on Advanced Biofuels – VGF e rso
p
• Encourages setting up of supply chain mechanisms n t is
• Synergising efforts me
o cu
• is d
National Biofuel Coordination Committee
h (headed by the Minister, Petroleum and Natural Gas).
T
• Overall Coordinating Ministry - Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
Technology Collaboration Programme on Bioenergy
• IEA under OECD, IEA published World energy Outlook

Pradhan Mantri Ji-Van Yojana
o m)
. c
• Jaiv Indhan- Vatavaran Anukool Fasal Awashesh NivaranYojana ail
gm
s@
• under the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoP&NG) unic
o mm
• financial support to Integrated Bioethanol Projects (m
j c
o jA
• mandatorily supplied to Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) Ma
n
f o r
• Centre for High Technology (CHT): implementation l is ed Agency
n a
• o
Lignocellulosic biomass: plant biomass, potential p ers for bio-fuel production
i s
• SATAT (Sustainable Alternative uTowards nt Affordable Transportation) initiative: Bio
me
o c
CNG by (MoP&NG) h is d
T
• GOBAR-DHAN (Galvanising Organic Bio-Agro Resources) scheme: To convert cattle
dung and solid waste in farms to CBG and compost, Under Swachh Bharat, by M inister for
Drinking Water and Sanitation

SCHEME FOR BIOMASS BASED COGENERATION PROJECTS
o m)
. c
• By Ministry of new and renewable energy ail
gm
s@
ic
• Cogeneration: obtain both heat and electricity frommmthe un same fuel at same
time m jco
(
jA
a no
• Main aim of scheme: for
M
d e
a) to support Biomass based Cogeneration Projects
n alisin Sugar mills and Other Industries for power
generation in the country. o
p ers
b) t is
To provide Central Financial assistance(CFA) for projects utilizing biomass
en m
• cu
Municipal Solid Waste is not covered under the programme.
do
T his
• New National Biogas Organic Manure Programme (NNBOMP)
o provide clean cooking fuel, to improve organic manure system based on bio slurry from biogas plants
in rural and semi urban areas by setting up of biogas plants
o By State rural Development Department of States and State offices of Khadi and Village Industries
Commission (KVIC).

Off Shore Wind Power
o m)
. c
ail
• 1GW Offshore wind project – Gulf of Khambat: sMNRE @
gm
ic
un
• use of wind farms constructed in bodies of water, jco
m m usually in the
( m
ocean on the continental shelf jA
a no
M
for
• No commercial production as of now n alis
d
e in India, two regions being
o
ers
investigated – Gujarat and Tamil nt
is p Nadu
e
um
• MNRE – Medium term h is d oc
target: 5 GW by 2022, Long term target: 30
T
GW by 2030
• National Wind Offshore Wind Energy Policy, 2015 – National
Institute for Wind Energy
Global Solar Council
o m)
. c
• international non-profit association ail
gm
• founded at the 2015 Paris Climate Conference. @
n ics
u
• National Solar Energy Federation is a founding member mm
jco
o umbrella organization of all solar energy stakeholders of India (m
jA
o first Indian to be appointed chief of Global Solar Council. ano
o rM
Related Information e df
lis
• International Solar Alliance o na
rs
s pe
• World’s largest solar plant: Laddakh (5000MW), t i
m en
u
• Others Bhadla Solar Park (2255 MWoccapacity in Rajasthan); Kurnool (2000 MW capacity in Andhra
i s d
Pradesh). Th
• Solar Park Scheme: by Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI), CPSU under MNRE
• Solar Charkha Mission: Ministry of Micro Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) initiative and Khadi &
Village Industries Commission (KVIC) is implementing agency.

Waste to Energy Plants
o m)
. c
ail
• Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) has WtE component s@
gm
ic
un
• Techniques (m
jco
m m
A
o Incineration: uses MSW as a fuel, burning it withanhigh oj volumes of air
r M
f o
o Gasification converts organic or fossil fuelisinto ed carbon monoxide, hydrogen and
a l
carbon dioxide at high temperatures (>700’C),r son without combustion, with a controlled
p e
amount of oxygen and/or steam. ent is
um
o Pyrolysis involves applicationd oc of heat with no added oxygen in order to generate oils
is
and/or syngas Th
o Biomethanation organic material is microbiologically converted under anaerobic

conditions to biogas.

Electric Vehicles
o m)
. c
• Y S Mailk Panel: 15 point plan to switch to EVs @gm ail
s
nic
• Government Steps: om
m u
jc
o National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP) 2020 j -Ato (m achieve 6-7 million sales of hybrid
n o
and electric vehicles year on year from 2020 onwards. Ma
f o r
o Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Hybrid & s edElectric Vehicles in India (FAME)
a l i
• FAME India Phase 2: 2019-20 to 2021-22 r son
pe
• Target of more than 30% electric n t isvehicles by 2030
e
o um
Automotive Mission Plan 2026:ocGovernment and SIAM
i s d
o Green Urban transport Scheme:
Th Eco friendly transportation system, Ministry of Housing and
Urban Affairs
• Charging Infrastructure Guidelines for EVs

Minimum Rive Flow for Ganga
o m)
. c
• Under National Mission for clean Ganga by Central water gcommission ma
il
• Mimics the natural pattern – sufficient water to be released s@

u nicin downstream for
protecting ecosystem mm
j co
(m
• For all projects – existing project need to comply a n o jA
within 3 years
M
• Namai Gange: National Mission for CleanedGanga for (NMCG) & State Programme
is
Management Groups (SPMGs), States oand na ULBs and PRIs will be involved in
l
r s
this project is p
e
t
• 5 Tier Structure under EPA for en
mGanga
c u
i s do
o National Ganga Council under chairmanship of PM
T h
o Empowered task force under chairmanship of MOWR
o National Mission for Clean Ganga: registered as a society
o State Ganga Committees
o District Ganga Committees

Ganga Vrikshropan Abhiyan
o m)
. c
• National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) gm
ail
@
• in five Ganga basin states – Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, un
ic s Jharkhand and
m
West Bengal jco
m
( m
• Importance of afforestation a no
jA
M
• Ganga Praharis: e d for
Wildlife institute of India and and National Mission lis
o
o na for Clean Ganga under the “Biodiversity Conservation
and Ganga Rejuvenation rs
pe the direct dependency of local communities on the river
o conserve the biodiversity of River Ganga andt isreduce
n
o Self Motivated and Trained volunteers ume
c
do
• Ganga Gram: transformTthe h i s villages on the bank of river Ganga by Ministry of
Drinking Water and Sanitation
• Asita Project (Yamuna): River front development, NMCG
•

Earmarking Eco-sensitive Area
o m)
• . c
ESA/ESZ – notified under EPA ail
gm
• National Board for Wildlife guideline (wildlife conservation strategy 2002,
ic s@as well as SC order
n
o mu areas
10 km boundary of NP and WL as ESZ - Shock absorber for the protected
m
• 3 category of activities: jco
(m
o Prohibited: commercial mining, major hydel projects ojA
o Restricted: Felling of trees, roads, exotic species etc. M an
or
o Permissible: rain water harvesting, organic farming etc. e df
lis
• the government looks at o na
rs
o topography, i s pe
t
o climate and rainfall, m en
u
o land use and land cover, d oc
roads and settlements, i s
o Th
o human population,
o biodiversity corridors and d
o ata of plants and animal species.

Green Bonds
o m)
. c
• Debt instruments - proceeds are used in green activities gm
ail
@
o Clean energy ics
m un
o Sustainable transport and urban development m
m jco
(
o Green land use and forest management jA
a no
Building climate resilience M
o
d for
o lise policies, governance, and institutions.
Strengthening climate change adaption and mitigation
na
e rso
• Greenex by BSE – Yes Bank issued first Green bond is p
e nt
um
• SEBI Guidelines d oc
is
Th
• Sovereign Blue Bond: Republic of Seychelles
o to raise capital from impact investors to finance marine and ocean-based projects
o Supported by World Bank and GEF

PARIVESH
o m)
. c
• Pro-Active and Responsive facilitation by Interactive, Virtuous and ail
gm
s@
ic
Environmental Single-window Hub m m un
jco
• an integrated environmental management noj A ( m
Ma
• developed for online submission and monitoring ed
f o r of the proposals submitted
a l is
by the proponents for seeking e r son
s p
o Environment, Forest, Wildlife and CRZ t iClearances from Central, State and district level authorities.
en m
cu
• will improve the entire process
h
o
of appraisal and environmental clearance
is d
T

CRZ Notification, 2018
o m)
. c
• Under Environment Protection Act, 1986 gm
ail
@
• Shailesh Nayak Committee report un
ic s
m m
• relaxation of development controls to encourage construction m jco of buildings and
A(
launch tourism closer to HTL a no
j
M
• Main Points: e d for
o Easing FSI norms lis
o na
o Areas: CRZ I – A and B, CRZ II (Urban), CRZ III rs– A and B (Rural), CRZ IV – A and B
i s pe
o CRZ Clearances streamlined: CRZ-II and t III have been delegated at the State level, CRZ-I (Ecologically
Sensitive Areas) and CRZ IV (area covered m enbetween Low Tide Line and 12 Nautical Miles seaward) by MoEFCC
u
o Densely populated rural areas to be d oc
afforded greater opportunity for development
h i s
o Tourism infrastructure for basicTamenities - permissible in the "No Development Zone" (NDZ) of the CRZ-III
o A No Development Zone (NDZ) of 20 meters has been stipulated for all Islands
o All Ecologically Sensitive Areas have been accorded special importance
o Defence and strategic projects have been accorded necessary dispensation

State Energy Efficiency Index
o m)
• . c
Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) ail
gm
• under the leadership of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency(BEE) and NITI
ic s@Ayog
o BEE a statutory body under Energy Conservation Act, 2001 un
mm
o Under Ministry of Power jco
(m
• Frontrunners: Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Punjab o and Rajasthan jA
M an
• Major parameters: for
o Building Sector lised
na
o Industry sector
e rso
o Municipal sector is p
o Transportation ent
o Discoms cum
i s do
• Energy Efficiency Services Th
Limited
o Collaboration of four PSUs, market-related activities of the National Mission for Enhanced Energy
Efficiency
o Unnat Jyoti by Affordable LEDs for All (UJALA)

Related News
o m)
. c
• National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency ail
gm
o one of the 8 missions under the National Action Plan on Climate Change n(NAPCC). s@
ic
o PAT (perform, achieve & trade) m u
m
o Other 7 m jco
(
jA
• National Solar Mission a no
M
• National Mission on Sustainable Habitat
d for
e
• National Water Mission
n alis
o
• National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan p ers Ecosystem
• Green India Mission t i s
m en
• National Mission for Sustainable oc
u Agriculture
s d
• National Mission on Strategic
Th
i Knowledge for Climate Change
• Eco Nivas Samhita, 2018
o to promote energy efficiency in design and construction of homes and generate awareness towards
conservation.
o implemented by Bureau of Energy Efficiency

NCAFMPA
o m)
. c
ail
• National Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management s@
gm and
i c
Planning Authority m m un
m jco
(
• created under the Compensatory Afforestation M a no
jA Fund Act
or
2016. lis e df
o na
rs
• Compensatory Afforestation
nt
i s pe Fund Act 2016
o established National Compensatory me Afforestation Fund (NCAF) under the Public
o cu
d
account of India Th
i s
o NCAFMPA
o State Compensatory Afforestation Fund Management and Planning Authority
o Audit by CAG

National Disaster Risk Index
o m)
. c
• MHA with UNDP ail
gm
@
ics
• In line with SENDAI framework u n
mm
o Voluntary, non-binding for 2015-30 m jco
(
jA
o successor to Hyogo framework (2005-15)
a no
M to support the implementation
o UN Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) has been ftasked or
e d
• State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) n alis
o
o Central Government enhanced its Contribution iin p ers from 75% to 90%.
SDRF
s
e nt
o NDRF and SDRF under Disaster Management m Act, 2005
o cu
o drought, hailstorms, pest attacks and d
cold wave /frost – MoA
T his
o Rest of the disasters – MHA
• NDMA – Under Disaster Management Act 2005, Chairman – PM
• National Disaster Response Force (under Ministry of Home Affairs)

Repeated Earthquakes in Palghar
o m)
. c
ail
• In Maharashtra, Zone III s@
gm
ic
un
• Zone II, III, IV and V by Bureau of Indian ( m
m m
jco Standards
jA
no
• Earthquake Swarm: for
M a
ed
o series of low magnitude earthquakes onalis
rs
o Reservoir Induced Seismicity t is pe
en
mgets
o large amount of seismic energy oc
u concentrated in a small area due to the weight of the
s d
i that it hold
large structure and the water
Th
o not limited to the Peninsula
o Himalayan swarm: attributed to low strength of the earth’s crust

Drought declaration in India
o m)
. c
• Manual for Drought Management, released in 2016 by gm
the Union ail
Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare unics@
mm
• State Governments declare drought (m
j co
jA
• National Commission on Agriculture theMa3n types of droughts are:
o
r fo
o Meteorological drought: actual rainfall in an area isedsignificantly less than the climatological mean of
that area. a l is
r son
o Hydrological drought: A marked depletionpeof surface water causing very low stream flow and drying of
lakes, rivers and reservoirs. is
e nt
o Agricultural drought: Inadequatecsoilum moisture resulting in acute crop stress and fall in agricultural
productivity. d o
is
Th
• IMD can define a meteorological drought, but agricultural and
hydrological droughts are different and states are better equipped to
declare them.

Rat Hole Minning
o m)
. c
ail
• digging of very small tunnels, usually only 3-4 s@
gmfeet high,
ic
un
without any pillars jco
m m
A( m
oj
• NGT banned it in 2014 M a n
d for
e
• mining activities are a state esubject, n alis but safety of mine
rso
p
workers is a central subject n t is
e
um
doc
This

Kerala Flood
o m)
. c
Reasons ail
gm
@
o Incessant rainfall; ics
m un
m
o Dam Mismanagement (sudden releases of water from the Mullaperiyar m jco dam - located in Kerala,
A(
but operated by Tamil Nadu); no
j
M a
o Stone quarrying, for
e d
o Deforestation, n alis
o
o Uncontrolled sand mining; p ers
is
o Large expanse of low-lying areas ment
u
doc
• Operation “Madad” by
T the Southern Naval Command (SNC) and
his
Operation Sahayog by Army
• Dam Rehabilitaton and Improvement Plan (DRIP)
o Ministry of Water Resources with assistance from the World Bank (80%).

Glacial Lake Outbursts Floods
o m)
• Sikkim has installed a Lake monitoring and information . c
ail
System at South Lhonak lake gm
s@
• high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes have been installed to ic
m un
siphon off water from the glacial lake. m
m jco
• release of meltwater from a moraine- or ice-dam glacial lake (
jA
due to dam failure a no
M
• Sikkim, Uttarakhand, Himachal are the most vulnerable
d for
• e
Causes: alis n
o Rapid slope movement into the lake and melting of
e rsoice
p
o
n t is
Retreat of glaciers in the wake of global warming
o Decreased albedo – radiative balance ume
c
o increasingly erratic and unpredictable
i s do monsoon rainfall pattern
o h the practice of slash and burn
roads and hydropower projects; Tand
type of farming
o Black Carbon
o Earthquake, Dam degradation etc.

Landslide Warning System
• Real time landslide warning system - set up in the Sikkim-Darjeeling o m)
. c
belt ail
gm
• world's top two landslide hotspots exist in India: the southern edge of s@
u nic
the Himalayan arc, and the coast along south-west India in Western omm
jc
Ghats A(m
j
• Landslides: downward and outward movement of slope materials a no such
rM
as rock debris and earth, under the influence of gravity ed fo
lis
• Natural Causes: Earthquakes, build up of water pressure o na between soil
p ers
layers, cyclones during monsson is
e nt
• Anthropogenic causes: removal of vegetation, um interference with natural
d oc
drainage, leaking water of sewer pipes,
i s modification of slopes due to
Th
construction activities, illegal mining
• Geological Survey of India: landslide data repository, studies, Works
under Ministry of Mines

ACROSS and NAFAR
o m)
. c
• Continuation of ACROSS and establishment of NFAR by CCEAgm ail
s@
• nic
Atmosphere & Climate Research-Modelling ObservingmuSystems & Services
o m
(ACROSS) jc
A(m j
o atmospheric science programs of the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) a no
M
o Implemented by d for
e
• India Meteorological Department (IMD), n alis
o
• Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM),p ers
t is Forecasting(NCMRWF)
• National Centre for Medium RangemWeather en
u
• Indian National Centre for Ocean d oc Information Service (NCOIS)
i s
Th
• National Facility Airborne Research (NFAR) under Indian Institute of Tropical
Management (IITM), Pune
o used for atmospheric research
o measurements of aerosols, trace gases, cloud microphysics and large scale meteorological parameters

Large Forest Fire Monitoring Programme
o m)
. c
ail
• By Forest Survey of India s@
gm
ic
un
• by disseminating specific Large Fire alerts ( m jco
m m
with the
A
oj
objective to identify, track and report or
M serious forest fire
a n
d f
incidents n a lise
e rso
p
• Forest Fire Preventionum& e n t isManagement Scheme: CSS
o c
is d
• FSI: MoEFCC, Releases
T h State of Forest report

Indian Ocean Wave Exercise 2018
o m)
. c
ail
• Indian ocean-wide tsunami mock drill: 23 countries s@
gm
ic
participated m m un
m jco
(
• organised by the Intergovernmental M a nOceanographic
oj
A
Commission of UNESCO (IOC-UNESCO). d for

e
n alis
o
• Indian Tsunami Early Warning p ers Centre (ITEWC) of the
n t is
me
Indian National Centre o cufor Ocean Information Services
h is d
(INCOIS), Hyderabad,
T
participated: Ministry of Earth
Sciences

Titli Cyclone
o m)
. c
ail
• Odisha s@
gm
ic
un
• the rarest of rare in terms of its characteristics ( m jco
m m
such as
A
oj
recurvature after landfall and retaining or
M a n its destructive
d f
potential after landfall and recurvature son
a lise away from the
e r
coastal areas t is p
n
u me
c
do
• Naming of Cyclones: Th
i s WMO and the United Nations
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
(ESCAP)

Dust Storm
o m)
. c
• In hot and dry climate when dust is in ail
excess and there is a strong wind gm
s@
ic
• Occurs with thunderstorm before rain, m un
m
however rain evaporates before reaching m jco
(
to the ground jA
a no
M
• Cold air above warm air on the ground d for
e
and when it cold air comes down it n alis
o
splashes against the surface kicking dust p ers
is
upwards e nt
um
• Now Cast services: a free SMS d oc service
is
Th
sent on extreme weather conditions is
provided every three hours by IMD

India’s first soil Moisture map
o m)
. c
ail
• By IMD and IIT Gandhinagar s@
gm
ic
un
• provides soil moisture forecast ( m jco
m m
jA
no
• Benefits: irrigation requirements, Better for
M a planning, Farmer’s
e d
income, Understanding crop epattern n alis
rso
is p
• Variable infiltration capacity
e nt model: Hydrological model
m
cu o
d
This

Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment Report
o m)
. c
• By International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development’s ail
gm
s@
(ICIMOD) mu
nic
m
o more than one-third of the glaciers in the region could retreat
m jco
(
Eastern Himalaya glaciers have tended to shrink faster than jA
o
a no glaciers in the central or western
Himalaya M
d for
o glacier areas in the Karakoram have not changed lise significantly – Karakoram Anamoly
a
on
• ICIMOD ersp
n t is
o intergovernmental learning and knowledgeme sharing centre based in Kathmandu
o cu
o aims to assist mountain peopleistod understand the influence climate change
o Th
Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.
• Elevation-dependent warming: an enhancement of warming rates with
elevation, snow albedo feedback

Kelp Forests
o m)
. c
ail
• large brown algae seaweeds. s@
gm
ic
un
• grow in "underwater forests" (kelp forests) j co
min shallow oceans.
m
(m
jA
• kelps live further from the tropicsr Mathan n o coral reefs,
f o
mangrove forests, and warm-water a l is ed seagrass beds
r son
e
• few species have been known n t is p to occur exclusively in tropical
me
deep waters i s do
c u
Th
• kelp forest grows in nutrient-rich waters while corals can
develop in low nutrient waters.

Polar Vortex
o m)
. c
• US mid-west experienced sub-zero temperatures due to a ail
gm
breakdown in the polar vortex ic s@
un
• low pressure and cold air surrounding the Earth’s Northom m
and South Pole. jc
A(m
oj
nsouth
• counterclockwise flow over north and clockwise over M a
pole d for
a lise
• two polar vortexes in each hemisphere:rsOne o n in
p e
troposphere, another in stratosphere t is
n
• two polar vortexes line up just right, u me very deep freeze
c
conditions may occur i s do
Th
• Polar front Jet Stream: shifting boundary between the
cold polar air to the north, and the warmer sub-tropical air

Ensemble Prediction Systems
o m)
. c
ail
• Weather forecast upto 10 days s@
gm
ic
un
• By IMD ( m jco
m m
jA
no
• 12 km resolution for
M a
e d
alis
• developed jointly by the IMD, p ers
o National Centre for Medium
n
is
nt
Range Weather Forecasting oc
um
e (NCMRWF) and the Indian
is d
Institute of Tropical
Th Meteorology.

Deep ocean Mission
o m)
. c
• For deep sea mining ail
gm
• Offshore tidal energy desalination plant that will work with tidal energy. nic s@
u
• Developing a submersible vehicle to explore depths of at least 6000 Meters o mm with three people on board
jc
• EEZ – UNCLOS: coastal State assumes jurisdiction over the exploration A(m and exploitation of marine
j
a no
resources extending 200 miles from the shore. M
d for
• India has been allotted in the Central Indian Ocean Basin e (CIOB) by the UN International Sea Bed
n alis
Authority for exploitation of Poly-Metallic nodules o
p ers (PMN)
• ISBA – Under UNCLOS: to regulate the exploration is and exploitation of marine non-living resources of
e nt
oceans in international waters u m
d oc
i s
• Poly-metallic nodules: Th
o Manganese nodules, are rock concretions formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese
hydroxides
o formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides

Meghalayan Age
• New Phase in Earth’s geological history
• descending order of duration—eons, eras, o m)
. c
ail
periods, epochs, and ages. gm
s@
• based on sedimentary strata that have u nic
o mm
accumulated over time. (m
j c
jA
• Meghalayan age by International Union of Man o
Geological Sciences, an international NGOsed for
i l
o Last 4200 years o na
ers
o subdivision of the Holocene Epochnt is p
o Example: Mawmluh caves in oCherapunji me for a
cu
specific level of stalgamite i s d
Th
• The International Commission on
Stratigraphy, which is responsible for
standardising the Geologic Time Scale

SAWEN
o m)
. c
ail
• South Asia Wildlife Enforcement Network cs@gm
i
un
• Inter-governmental wildlife law enforcement ( m jco
m m
support body
jA
no
• Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, foIndia, rM
a Maldives, Nepal,
e d
Pakistan and Sri Lanka n alis
o
p ers
is
• Secretariat in Kathmandu e nt
m
cu o
d
This

STAPCOR 2018
o m)
. c
ail
• Status and Protection of Coral Reefs (STAPCOR)-2018 s@
gm
ic
un
• Conference every 10 years jco
m m
( m
jA
• In Lakshadweep M a no
d for
• Theme: Reef for Life o n alis
e
p ers
• International Atoll Research m e nt
is Centre for scientific research on
cu
corals will be established
Th
is d o in Lakshadweep.
• largest artificial coral reef installed in Maldives.

Wildlife Crime Control Bureau
o m)
. c
ail
• Statutory body under WPA, 1972 s@
gm
ic
un
• Asia Environment Enforcement Awards, ( m
m m
jco by UNEP
jA
no
• Operation Thunder Bird: INTERPOL’s for
M a multi-national and
e d
multi-species enforcement operation n alis
o
p ers
is
• Operation wildnet to counter e nt the menace of the illegal trade
m
o cu
is d
through internet. T h

International Whaling Commission
o m)
. c
ail
• Japan announced its withdrawal s@
gm
ic
un
• International Convention for the Regulation ( m jco
m
m of Whaling in
A
oj
1946 or
M a n
e df
nalis
e rso
p
n t is
u me
doc
This

Asian Waterbird Census
The FAO accords the status of ‘Globally Important o m) Agricultural
. c
• jointly coordinated by the ail
Heritage System (GIAHS)’ to traditionalmagricultural systems. What
g
is the overall goal of this initiative?cs@
i
Bombay Natural History 1. To provide modern technology,
m m un training in modern farming
methods and financial support jco to local communities of identified
Society and Wetlands GIAHS so as to greatly A( m
oj enhance their agricultural productivity
a n
International. 2. To identify and
f o rM
and theireassociated
safeguard eco-friendly traditional farm practices
landscapers, agricultural biodiversity and
d
lis systems of the local communities
• Both NGO knowledge
3.
e
on
rsTo
a
provide Geographical Indication status to all the varieties of
t is pagricultural produce in such identified GIAHS
n
u me Select the correct answer using the code given below.
d oc
i s (a) 1 and 3 only
Th (b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3

Green Agriculture Project
o m)
. c
• GoI and FAO, GEF assisted project ail
gm
o Green–Ag: Transforming Indian agriculture for global environment benefits and s@the conservation of critical
biodiversity and forest landscapes. u nic
m
om
• high-conservation-value landscapes of five states, (m
j c
o Madhya Pradesh (Chambal landscape), o jA
n
o Mizoram (Dampa landscape), r Ma
f o
o Odisha (Similipal landscape), l is ed
a
o Rajasthan (Desert National Park landscape)
r son
e
o Uttarakhand (Corbett-Rajaji landscape)
t is p
n
• FAO u me
oc
dsafe,
o Codex Alimentarius, to ensure i s good food for everyone
Th
o Port State Measures Agreement: to combat illegal fishing
o Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS):
• agricultural biodiversity, resilient ecosystems and a valuable cultural heritage.
• GIAHS from India: Saffron Heritage of Kashmir; Koraput (Odisha) Traditional
Agriculture; Kuttanad Below Sea Level Farming System.

Green Skill Development Programme
o m)
. c
• By MoEFCC ail
gm
s@
nic
• skill development in the environment and forest m m usector
m jco
(
• National Skills Qualifications Framework a no
j A (NSQF) compliant
M
for
• utilises vast network of Environmental alis
e d Information System
n
(ENVIS) hubs and Resource iPartners s p ers
o
(RPs).
n t
• ENVIS do
c u me
o Central Sector Scheme This
o Decentralized network of centres: ENVIS-HUB, ENVIS-RPs
o will conduct India’s first ever National Environment Survey

Lake Urmia - Iran
o m)
. c
• endorheic (which do not drain to the sea) salt lake in Iran. ail
gm
s@
• has shrunk to 10% of its former size m un
ic
m
Which of the following has/have shrunk immensely/dried m jco up in the recent
A(
j
past due to human activities ? M an
o
or
• 1. Aral Sea e df
lis
na
2. Black Sea pe
rso
i s
3. Lake Baikal m en
t
u
Select the correct answer using d oc the code given below :
i s
Th
• (a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3
(c) 2 only
• (d) I and 3
Other News
o m)
• first ESG (environment, social and governance) based fund – Avendus India ESG Fund has been . c
il launched by Avendus
g ma
Capital Public Markets Alternate Strategies s@
• Environmental Fund - Madras High Court became first to set up ‘Environmental Fund’ u nic
m
• Green Good Deeds campaign - launched by the MoEFCC, it's a social movementjcto omprotect environment and promote
(m
healthy living o jA
n
• South Asia’s Hotspots: The Impact of Temperature and Precipitation r Machanges on living standards – published by
f o
World Bank. Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh likely to be sthe
l i ed top two climate hotspots.
• National Wildlife Genetic Resource Bank (NWGRB) was na
oestablished at Laboratory for Conservation of Endangered
e r s
Species (LaCONES) p
n t is
o e
LaCONES is a dedicated laboratory of the CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad
c um
o rescued Indian Mouse Deer from extinctiono through successful conservation breeding programme
h is d
• Indian Ocean Research Vehicle (IORV) T Sagar Nidhi as part of India- US expedition seeking to find answers to vagaries of
Bay of Bengal fed South-West Monsoon
• CUSAT Stratosphere Troposphere-205 Radar: Situated at Cochin, it is fully indigenously built radar to scan stratosphere
over the Indian Ocean for movement of air and monsoon winds

Reports
o m)
. c
• Emissions Gap Report,, Global Environment Outlook g–m UNEP ail
s@
• Inclusive Wealth Report 2018: UNEP m u nic
Inclusive Wealth = Manufactured Capital + Human Capital+ Naturalm
o jco Capital
(m
• Greenhouse Gas Bulletin: World Meteorological jA Organization
a no
M
(WMO) or
e df
lis
• Climate Change Performance Index o na - Germanwatch, the New Climate
rs
pe
Institute and the Climate Action en
t Network
i s
u m
• Global Climate Risk Index i s d oc 2019 – Germanwatch
Th
• Living Planet Report, 2018: World Wide Fund for Nature
o Global Soil biodiversity Atlas
o It is a joint venture of the Global Soil Biodiversity Initiative and the European Commission Joint
Research Centre

Environment: Subject, Topic & Expert

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• Oceans in the world are warming 60% j A(mjcom

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• developed by Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune, and

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SO2, CO, O3, NH3, and Pb) alised for

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• Society for Integrated Coastal Management (SICOM)

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Targets (NBT): in line with the 20 global Aichi biodiversity targets

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• state bird of Rajasthan

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important bird areasT in the desert ecosystems of India.

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• NBWL added 4 species to a Recovery

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