Lump-sum Estimate of Losses

 First introduced in the ACI code of First introduced in the ACI code of 1963. The current
ACI code doesn’t have lump-sum estimates. However, AASHTO and Posttensioning
institute (PTI) suggest lump-sums.
*AASHTO Lump-sum losses*

Type of Steel Total Losses Total Losses

f’c=27.6 MPa f’c=34.5 MPa
Pretensioned Strand ---- 310 MPa
Post-tensioned wire or strand 221 MPa 228 MPa
Bars 152 MPa 159 MPa

*PTI Lump-sum losses for post-tensioning*

Type of Steel Total Losses Total Losses

(Slab) F(Beams & Joists)
Stress relieved 270-K strands 207 MPa 241 MPa
and stress relieved 240-K wire
Low relaxation 270-K strands 103 MPa 138 MPa
Bars 138 MPa 172 MPa

 These losses are applied to only routine, standard conditions of loading, normal concrete,
quality control, construction procedure and normal environmental conditions.

Type of PS Losses
Type Stage Stress Loss
Pre Post (ti,tj) Total
Elastic At Transfer At sequential --- ΔfpES
Shortening (ES) jacking
Relaxation (R) Before and after After transfer ΔfpR(ti,tj) ΔfpR
transfer
Creep (CR) After transfer After transfer ΔfpCR(ti,tj) ΔfpCR
Shrinkage (SH) After transfer After transfer ΔfpSH(ti,tj) ΔfpSH
Friction (F) --- At jacking --- ΔfpF
Anchorage set --- At transfer --- ΔfpA
(A)
Total Life Life ΔfpT(ti,tj) ΔfpT

AASHTO-LRFD Specifications

For Lump-sum estimates following conditions should met:

1. Members that are post-tensioned must be non-segmental members with spans less than
160 feet and concrete stressed an age of 10-30 days.
2. Members that are pretensioned must be stressed at an age where the concrete strength is
not less than 3,500 psi.
3. Members must be made from normal weight concrete.
4. Members cannot be steam-cured, nor moist-cured.
5. The prestressing steel must be normal or low-relaxation.
6. There must be average exposure conditions at the site.