LITERATURE REVIEW

RAMEZAN ALI and MAHDAVI NEJAD [1] Studied optimisation of surface

roughness and metal removal rate of electric discharge machining of Sic parameters
simultaneously. Artificial Neural Network with NSGA-II is used to optimise the input
parameters viz., discharge current, pulse on time, pulse off time on EDM of Sic are
considered. Overall 81 experiments were conducted and finally pareto-optimal set of
metal removal rate and surface roughness is obtained. The average percentage of error
for predicting MRR was 6.1 % and 5.61% in case of predicting relative surface
roughness.

J.Y.KAO et al [2] Optimising the parameters of electric discharge machining

process to Ti6Al-4V alloy considering multiple performance characteristics using
Taguchi method and grey relational analysis. Performance characteristics including
EWR,MRR,SA are chosen with parameters like discharge current, voltage, pulse
duration time, duty factor. There experiments showed improved electrode wear rate of
15% and metal removal rate of 12% and surface roughness of 19%.

PICHAI JANMANEE et al [3] Consider the effects of copper graphite electrode

(edm-c3) material on Tungsten carbide (WC-Co) work pieces during EDM process.
They optimized the input parameters like discharge current, pulse on time, pulse off
time, the open circuit voltage and electrode polarity and improved the MRR, EWR and
SR. They found the optimum electrode parameters for the negative polarity of an open
circuit voltage of a current of 12A, a pulse on time of 25 µs and pulse of time of 200 µs.

SOUMYA KANTH PADHEE [4] Experiments have been conducted on the

EZNC fuzzy logic die sinking EDM machine manufacturer by Electronic Machining
Tools Ltd. India. A copper electrode having diameter of 25 mm is used to cut EN31 steel
for 1 hour in each trial. Response surface methodology (RSM) is adapted to study the
effect of independent variables on responses and develop predictive models. Non-
sorted genetic algorithm (NSGA) has been adopted to optimise their responses such
that a set of mutually dominant solutions are found over a wide range of machining
parameters.

HESHAM ALY SENBEL et al [5] Introduced Artificial neural networks as an

efficient approach to predict the values of resulting surface roughness and metal
removal rate based on variation of certain predominant dominate parameters such as
applied voltage, feet rate and electrolytic flow rate. The network was trained using
levenburg mar quardent algorithm as it gives the least error between predicted and
experimental data with a small network size.
 ANAND PANDEY and SHANKAR SINGH [6] conducted a study on modelling
of surface roughness in EDM using both RSM and ANN. they studied the influence of
operating parameters on tungsten carbide and its machining characteristics. Wang used
a hybrid ANN and genetic algorithm methodology to model and optimise EDM
process.

J.L.LIN et al [7] Taguchi method with Fuzzy logic for optimising EDM with
input parameters like work piece polarity, pulse on time, pulse off time, duty factor,
voltage, current and dielectric fluid. The performance characteristics such as electrode
wear rate and MRR were improved. Electrode wear was decreased from 30% to 2.07%
and MRR was increased from 0.00159g/mm to 0.00383g/mm.

SUBRAMANIAN GOPALAKANNAN et al [8] Employed non traditional

machining processes for cutting hot to cut materials to geometrical complex shapes that
are difficult to machine by conventional machines. In present work, an experimental
investigation has been carried out to study the effect of pulsed current on MRR,
electrode ware, SR and diameter overcut in corrosion resistant stainless steel viz., 316 L
and PH Steel.

S.N.JOSHI and S,S,PANDE [9] Developed a two-dimensional axis symmetric

numerical model based on more realistic assumption such as Gaussian distribution of
heat flux, time and energy to predict the shape of the crater, MRR and TWR. A
comprehensive ANN based process model was proposed to establish relation between
input parameters (current, voltage, duty cycle and distance duration) that developed
ANN process was conjunction with NSGA and predicted the shape of the crater, MRR
and TWR.

G KRISHNA MOHANA RAO et al [10] Carried out experiments on Ti6Al4V,

HE15, 1515DV6 and M250 by varying the peak current and voltage. They aimed at
optimising MRR and hardness of the surface produced in Die Casting EDM using multi
perception neural network. They obtained considerable reduction in the mean square
error and developed models within the limits of agreeable and brought down error
from more than 5% to less than 2%.

M.GHOREISHI [11], In this paper, attempts have been made to model and
optimize the process parameters in Electro-Discharge Machining (EDM) of tungsten
carbide-cobalt composite (ISO grade: K10) using cylindrical copper tool electrodes in
planning machining mode based on statistical techniques. RSM, employing a rotatable
central composite design scheme, has been used to plan and analyze the experiments
The outcomes of present research prove the feasibility and effectiveness of adopted
approach as it can provide a useful platform to model and multi-criteria optimize MRR,
Ra, and TWR during EDM WC/6%Co material.
 M.DEV ANAND [12] This paper describe the selection of machining parameter
Discharge current, Pulse on time, Pulse off time in EDM for the machining of AISI 202
Stainless steel material the use of grey relational analysis for optimizing the machining
parameter material removal rate use to represent the multi objective model. The
experimental work in this research to know effect on the metal removal rate and surface
roughness Grey Relational grade is used to find the optimal parameter.

KARTHIKEYAN [13] Effect of Electrical Discharge Machining on strength and

reliability of WC–30%Co composite. Tungsten carbide/Cobalt (WC–Co) composite is
one of the important composite materials, which is used for manufacturing of cutting
tools, dies and other special tools. It has very high hardness and excellent resistance to
shock and wear. an attempt has been made to investigate the fracture strength and the
reliability of WC–Co composite using the Waybill distribution analysis. The comparison
of results between the machined composites and un-machined composites is carried out
and presented in this study.

R.RAJESH [14], The Optimization of the Electro-Discharge Machining Process

Using Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithms Since for an arbitrary
desired machining time for a particular job, they do not provide the optimal conditions.
To solve this task, multiple regression model and modified Genetic Algorithm model
are developed as efficient approaches to determine the optimal machining parameters
in electric discharge machine. In this paper, working current, working voltage, oil
pressure, spark gap Pulse On Time and Pulse Off Time on Material Removal Rate
(MRR) and Surface Finish (Ra) has been studied. For verification of the empirical
models and the optimization results, focused experiments have been conducted in the
rough and finish machining regions.

M.A.HASSAN et al [15], were carried out “Analysis of the Influence of EDM

Parameters on Surface Quality, Material Removal Rate and Electrode Wear of Tungsten
Carbide”. The objective of this paper is to study the influence of operating parameters
of tungsten carbide on the machining characteristics such as surface quality, material
removal rate and electrode wear. The result of the experiment then was collected and
analyzed using STATISTICA software. This was done by using the design of
experiments (DOE) technique and ANOVA analysis.

YANG JIN-BIN et al [16], were carried out “Study of the parameters in electrical
discharge machining through response surface methodology approach”. Whereas the
efficiency of traditional cutting processes is limited by the mechanical properties of the
processed material and the complexity of the workpiece geometry, EDM being a
thermal erosion process, is subject to no such constraints. The adequacy of the above the
proposed models have been tested through ANOVA. Optimal combination of these
parameters was obtained for achieving controlled EDM of the work pieces.
 C.J.LUIS et al [17] , were carried out “A study on the electrical discharge
machining of conductive ceramics”. A comparative study of the EDM of three different
conductive ceramics has been carried out. The ceramics used were cobalt bonded
tungsten carbide (WC–Co), hot-pressed boron carbide (B4C) and reaction-bonded
silicon carbide. The comparative study has been carried out on the influence of the
design factors of intensity (I), pulse time (ti) and duty cycle (η) over response variables
such as surface roughness, EWR and MRR. This was accomplished through technique
of DOE, along with multiple linear regression techniques, which allowed to carry out
the analysis with only a small number of experiments.

I.PUERTAS [18], In this work, a study was carried out on the influence of the
factors of intensity (I), pulse time (ti) and duty cycle (η) over listed technological
characteristics. The ceramic used was a cemented carbide. Approximately 50% of all
carbide production is used for machining applications. Accordingly, mathematical
models will be obtained using the technique of design of experiments (DOE) to select
the optimal machining conditions for finishing stages. This will be done only using a
small number of experiments.

P.NARENDER SINGH [19], Optimization by Grey relational analysis of EDM

parameters on machining Al 10%SiCP composites. Optimization of process parameters
is the key step in the Taguchi methods to achieve high quality without cost inflation.
The multi-response optimization of process parameters viz., MRR, TWR, taper (T),
radial overcut (ROC) & SR on EDM of Al–10%SiCP as cast metal matrix composites
using orthogonal array (OA) with Grey relational analysis is reported. Performing the
Grey relational generating and to calculate the Grey relational coefficient. Calculating
the Grey relational grade by averaging the Grey relational coefficient. Performing
statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the input parameters with the Grey
relational grade and to find which parameter significantly affects the process. Selecting
the optimal levels of process parameters.

FENG-TSAI WENG et al [20] This paper investigates the machining

performance of BaTio3 using the EDM process. The Taguchi orthogonal array technique
is used for experimental design. A surface roughness model of the EDM process of semi
conductor BaTio3 can be obtain by regression of the experimental data. A genetic
algorithm is used to calculate the machining parameter of the optimum surface
roughness. To obtain a better surface roughness, positive polarity machining should be
chosen in EDM process of BaTio3 whilst the cannot be selected at too great a value or
the work piece may be broken during the process
 REFERENCES
[1] RAMEZAN ALI; "Modelling and optimization of EDM of Sic Parameters, Using
Neural Network and Non-dominating Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA II)".

[2] J.Y.KAO; "Optimization of the EDM parameters on machining Ti-6Al-4V with

Multiple quality characteristics".

[3] PICHAI JANMANEE; "investigation of Electric Discharge Machining of Tungsten

carbide using EDM-C3 Electrode material".

[4] SOUMYA KANTH PADHEE; "Multi-objective parametric optimisation of powder

mixed electro-discharge machining using response surface methodology and non-
dominated sorting genetic algorithm".

[5] HESHAM ALY SENBEL; "Prediction of Electrochemical machining process

parameters using Artificial Neural Networks ".

[6] ANAND PANDEY and SHANKAR SINGH; "Current research trends in variants of
Electric Discharge Machining".

[7] J.L LIN; "Optimization of the electric discharge machining process based on the
Taguchi method with fuzzy logics".

[8] SUBRAMANIAN GOPALAKANNAN and THIAGARAJAN SENTHILVELAN;

"Effect of Electrode materials on Electric Discharge Machining of 316 L and 17-4 pH
stainless steels".

[9] S.N.JOSHI; "Intelligent process modelling and optimization of die-sinking Electrical

Discharge Machining".

[10] G. KRISHNA MOHAN RAO; "Development and optimization of metal removal

rate in EDM using ANN and GA".

[11] S. ASSARZADEH, M. GHOREISHI; “Statistical modelling and optimization of

process parameters in EDM of cobalt-bonded tungsten carbide composite (WC/6%Co)”
[12] T.M CHENTHI JEGAN, M.DEV ANAND AND D.RAVINDRAN; “Determination
of electro discharge machining parameter in AISI 202 stainless steel using grey relation
analysis”.

[13] D. KANAGARAJAN, K. PALANIKUMAR, R. KARTHIKEYAN; “Effect of Electrical

Discharge Machining on strength and reliability of WC–30%Co composite”, Materials
and Design 39 (2012) 469–474.

[14] R.RAJESHA AND M. DEV ANANDB; “The Optimization of the Electro-Discharge

Machining Process Using Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithms”,
Journal of Procedia Engineering 38 ( 2012 ) 3941 – 3950.

[15] S.H.TOMADI, M.A.HASSAN, Z. HAMEDON; “Analysis of the Influence of EDM

Parameters on Surface Quality, Material Removal Rate and Electrode Wear of Tungsten
Carbide”, Proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineer and Computer
Scientists, Hong Kong.(2009).

[16] SHIH JING-SHIANG, TZENG YIH-FONG, YANG JIN-BIN; “Study of parameters

in electrical discharge machining through response surface methodology approach”,
Applied Mathematical Modelling 33 (2009) 4397–4407.

[17] I. PUERTAS, C.J. LUIS; “A study on the electrical discharge machining of

conductive ceramics”, Journal of Materials and design, 153–154 (2004) 1033–1038.

[18] I. PUERTAS, C.J. LUIS, L. ÁLVAREZ; “Analysis of the influence of EDM

parameter on surface quilt ,MRR and EW of WC-CO”, Journal of Materials Processing
Technology 153–154 (2004).

[19] P. NARENDER SINGH A,K. RAGHUKANDAN A, B.C. PAI; “Optimization by

Grey relational analysis of EDM parameters on machining Al 10%SiCP composites”.

[20] MING GUO HER, FENG-TSAI WENG; “A study of electrical discharge machining
of semi conductor Batio3.”, journal of materials processing technology 122(2002)1 -5.