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Chapter 4
Aggregate Sources
Natural Sand and Gravel Deposits
Waste Materials
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Sand and Gravel Quarry
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Gravel
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Stone Quarry
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Stone Crushing
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Crushed Stone
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Typical Blast Furnace
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Air-Cooled Slag
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Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
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Granulated Blast Furnace Slag
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GGBFS
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Expanded Shale/Clay/Slate
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Expanded Shale/Clay/Slate
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Expanded Shale/Clay/Slate
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Crushed Concrete
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Recycled Asphalt
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Crumb Rubber
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Glass Sand
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Glass Aggregate Concrete
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Aggregate Terms
Fine aggregate (“sand”)
Coarse aggregate (“gravel”)
Pit run gravel
Crusher run gravel
Crushed stone (crushed rock)
Screenings
Manufactured Sand
Concrete sand
Fines
Mineral filler
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Important Properties
Gradation
Relative density and absorption
Hardness (resistance to wear)
Durability (resistance to weathering)
Shape and surface texture
Deleterious substances
Crushing strength
Soft and lightweight particles
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