FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

PREFACE

The First Edition of this Manual was issued by the Calcutta Fire
Insurance Association in 1906 and was brought up-to-date and re-issued
in 1930. The third, fourth and fifth Editions were published jointly by the
Insurance Associations of India and Pakistan in 1948, 1950 and 1953
respectively to provide for the needs of the whole of the areas controlled
by these Associations. The subsequent sixth, seventh and eighth Editions
were published by the Fire Sectional Committees of Calcutta, Bombay,
Delhi and Madras Regional Councils of the Insurance Associations of
India. In the ninth Edition published in 1982, amendments and additions
were effected to bring the provisions in line with current thinking on fire
protection techniques and to encourage installation of fixed fire
extinguishing appliances/alarm systems in relatively low hazard risks on
the one hand and tighten requirements for design of systems suitable for
high hazard risks such as Petroleum Refineries, Petrochemical and
Fertiliser Plants on the other hand, which, world-wide experience has
indicated, need copious quantities of water and other extinguishing
media. In this tenth Edition an effort has been made to further update and
streamline the regulations.

The Manual should prove of value to factory owners and their technical
personnel when dealing with matters relating to fire extinguishing
appliances and also constitute a handy book of reference to Insurance
officials.

The maintenance of fire extinguishing appliances in an efficient state and

familiarisation with all details of operations is essential if the maximum
benefit is to be derived in the emergency of an outbreak of a fire.

The Manual incorporates long experience of fire protection engineering

both in India and elsewhere in the world. Compliance of the rules will not
only obtain appropriate discount in the fire insurance premium but will
also instil feeling of security that the presence of an efficient fire-fighting
equipment should engender. Direct loss from fire and the resultant
wastage is always serious but the indirect loss and the resultant
dislocation of business is often much more serious.

The Regional Offices of Tariff Adv. Committee maintain an inspection

staff of qualified engineers, specialists in fire protection and prevention
engineering and practice in all its aspects. The services of this staff are
available to make recommendations and carry out inspections in keeping
with the nature of work. (All references to Committee or staff thereof in
this preface and in the body of the Manual apply to the Committee
controlling the territory within which the risk is situated).

The Manual initially deals with portable appliances and small bore hose
reels, which are considered as first-aid appliances. The regulations
regarding trailer pumps are covered next. The last part is devoted to fixed
external protection in the form of a hydrant system which is considered
the backbone of the entire fire-fighting operations as it fights fires of
serious proportions in all classes of risks and continues to do so even in
the event of a collapse of the buildings/structures protected. High-rise
buildings which have become a common feature of modern society
present inherent fire hazard as fire brigades are often helpless in the face
of fires in such structures and are unable to save human lives and fight
fires effectively with traditional methods. A separate section has,
therefore, been devoted for prescribing the specialised type of protection
required by these structures.

In case it is desired to install any appliances, which are not covered by

this manual, assistance and advice may be obtained from the inspection
staff maintained by the Regional Offices.

Wherever reference to any Indian Standard appears in this Manual, it

should be taken as a reference to its latest version.

******************
 FIRE PROTECTION MANUAL

REQUIREMENTS REGARDING SUBMISSION OF PLANS:

Plans for submission to the Committee shall be drawn up in

accordance with the following requirements: -

1.1. Plans shall be clear, contain all required details including

scale and point of Compass and shall be dated.

1.2. Plans of new installations shall show the entire Compound;

all buildings therein, with their door and window openings,
and the boundary walls. Buildings under construction and
future extension envisaged shall be indicated by dotted
lines. Plans of extensions to approved existing installations
need not show the rest of the compound but sufficient
details shall be given of the existing installations in
correlation to the extension, to enable the Committee’s
Inspection Staff to check the plans and offer comments. In
case of storeyed buildings, drawings submitted shall include
plans of each storey together with sectional elevations. The
locations and details of fire access staircases together with
the arrangements of hydrants on their landings shall also be
shown. Further, a Table showing ‘List of Blocks’ protected
as per Committee’s rules should be given.

1.3. Material: Plans shall be on White paper or Ammonia paper

or Ferro Prussiate paper.

1.4. Plans shall generally be prepared in accordance with IS:

696, shall not exceed 850 x 1200 mm in size and shall be
drawn to a scale not exceeding 1:500 or 1:1000. In the case
of very large compounds with more than one risk, it is
advisable to submit separate plans for each risk with a key
showing the relative situation of the various risk etc. in the
compounds.

1.5. Signs -

1.5.1 Pucca walls to be shown by double lines, doors and

windows being clearly marked.
W D
1.5.21 Iron or other non-masonry walls to be shown by a thin
line and nature of Construction indicated.

1.5.3 Perfect Party Walls (PPW) to be indicated by the sign

‘T’ at each end of the wall, or have the letters ‘PPW’
alongside or across them at regular intervals and
marked in distinctive colour.

1.5.4 Fireproof doors and/or Shutters to be marked as follows

-

Single Fireproof Door and/or Shutter ‘SFD’

Double Fireproof Doors and/or Shutters ‘DFD’

1.5.5 Elevated fire service tanks to be shown hatched and

their capacity and height of base above the highest roof
to be stated.

N.B. In case of multipurpose elevated tanks, the

capacity reserved for sprinkler installation to be
indicated instead of the total capacity.

1.5.6 Sky lights to be marked ‘Sky Lights’ or " SL".

1.5.7 Boiler to be shown by a rectangular figure marked

‘Boiler’.
BOILER
1.5.8 Hydrant Mains to be shown by a red line; the diameter,
length and number of pipes being marked alongside and
specials and reducers to be clearly indicated.

. . . . . mm ǿ LENGTH OF ___ M EACH

1.5.9 Hydrant Heads to be shown by red circles not less than

3 mm in diameter and marked ‘SH’. Double Hydrant to
be indicated by double circles and marked ‘DH’.

1.5.10 Water Monitors to be shown by a circle with an oblique

arrow through it and marked, “WM”

WM
1.5.11 Cut-off valves to be marked/drawn across the mains.

1.5.12 Sprinkler and Hydrant pumps to be clearly marked and

the capacity and head to be indicated in each case.

1.5.13 Pump(s) suction piping to be shown dotted and

diameter indicated.

1.5.14 Surface fire service Water tanks and reservoirs to be

shown to scale and average depth indicated.

1.5.15 Sprinkler trunk mains to be shown by a blue line, the

sizes being marked alongside.

. . . . . . mm Ǿ SPK MAIN
1.5.16 Fire alarm bells to be shown by blue circles and marked
‘FAB’.
ð F.A.B

1.5.17 Sprinklered blocks to be marked ‘S’ S

1.5.18 Oil, solvent, acid and other chemical tanks to be drawn

to scale and suitably marked.

1.5.19 Open storage areas to be clearly shown by hatched

outlines and marked ‘Open Storage Site for’.

1.5.20 Electric cable(s) for the fire pump(s) to be shown in

green line(s)_________________

******** *
2. PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED IN THE CASE OF
APPLICATION FOR DISCOUNTS:

2.0 The sanction of discounts off insurance premiums shall

necessarily follow consideration by the Regional Office (TAC)
all details of the risk including manufacturing processes involved
and the protective appliances to be installed in order to ensure
that the Standards laid down have been fully observed. To
prevent confusion or disappointment, definite rules for procedure
have been laid down as follows: -

2.12Proposals for the installation of appliances shall be

submitted to the Regional Office (TAC) by the Leading
Office on the risk and shall comprise-

2.1.12 Material specifications of equipment and components

of the installation, indicating the name of
manufacturers, Standards/Specifications and name of
approving authority, if any.

2.1.22 In the case of internal appliances, details of the areas of

the various compartments, their occupation and the
quantities and types of appliances proposed.

2.1.32 In the case of sprinkler and hydrant installation, fully

dimensioned plans in duplicate as called for in Item 1.

2.1.42 In addition to the above, the following details would be

necessary in the case of hydrant installation -

a) (I) Drawings showing layout of the entire hydrant

system, incorporating type of joints, details of
pump and its prime mover. Another table giving
the details of single headed and double headed
hydrants, internal hydrants, fire escape hydrants,
no. of hose pipes (15 m and 7.5 m length) and
branch pipe with nozzles including 10 % spares,
mode of distribution of those pipes and total
equivalent no. of hydrants should be included.
 There should be a table showing the percentage of
various pipe diameters used in the systems.

a) II) Typical sectional elevation drawing showing

the height, dimensions etc. of the stand post for
single headed hydrant, double headed hydrants,
monitors specifying diameter of nozzle, riser mains
and landing valve of riser mains of FEH, Cut-Off
valve chambers in plan and elevation should be
incorporated.

a) III) In case of blocks having upper floors, separate

upper floors plans showing the locations, fire
escape hydrants (FEH) and staircases, sectional
elevational drawings of the escape staircase; Riser
main and location of landing valve of FEH should
be submitted, preferably along with, civil
construction (architects) drawings of individual
blocks

N.B. In the case of storeyed blocks, floor area of

each floor, with particulars of fire proof shutters of
fireproof door and nearest machinery, wired glass
windows etc. to be marked.

b) Layout of pump house showing clearly the suction,

delivery and priming (if any) arrangements along
with full scale drawing of pump, motor, diesel
engine, DG Control panel, MCC for electric driven
pumps, Valves etc.

c) Details of water storage tanks giving particular of

compartmentation and jack-well, details of inflow
and particulars of tapings for other purposes, if any
with water reservoir capacity RCC or steel lined or
un-lined, combined process water or exclusive fire
water reservoir should be given.

d) Sub-station location in relation to other blocks if

the pump is electrically driven. If the substation is
attached to any other building, the details of
segregation from adjoining buildings, indicating
 transformer room, LT, HT, location of change-over-
switch, DG Room etc.

e) Plans of Sub-Station showing thickness of internal

walls and equipment layout along with single line
schematic diagram of the pump from the main
substation to the “Fire Pump room” along with
tapping, circuit breaker and switch fuse units.

f) Route of cable from Sub-Station to fire pump

house.

g) Schematic circuit line diagram showing power

supply inside the fire pump room.

h) Legend explaining the various symbols used

shown should be given.

2.22Discounts will be considered only if all hand appliances and

their accessories as well as all components of hydrant,
sprinkler and other fire protection systems are of a type and
make, approved by the Tariff Advisory Committee.

2.32No discounts will be considered for a sprinkler or hydrant

system unless the same has been hydraulically tested with
trenches open atleast once during the course of installation
by the Committee's Inspectorate, and found in order.
Further, site engineer of the Installing Contractor should
maintain progress record with “protocol” duly signed by
representative of the client and him.

2.42The prior submission of proposals to the Committee before

the work is commenced, is essential, to ensure that the
installation will conform to the Committee’s requirements
but does not dispense with the procedure laid down
hereafter for application for the sanction of discounts.

2.52Application for discounts shall be submitted on special

forms provided for the purpose by the Committee and shall
comprise:

2.5.12 Application by the Leading Office (Appendix I)

2.5.22 Guarantee by the Insured (Appendix II)
 2.5.3 Schedule of Appliances (Signed by Insured)
(Appendix III)

2.6 In every case, a plan of the premises prepared in accordance

with the requirements indicated in 1.1 to 1.5 shall
accompany any application for a discount for fire
extinguishing appliances and, in the case of sprinkler
and/or hydrant installations, Installing Engineers’
detailed 'As Erected’ working drawings are essential.

N.B. A Certificate of Completion from the installing

Engineers stating the pressure to which the installation(s)
has been subjected and giving the date(s) from which it
was in complete working order should also be submitted.
Further, progress record with protocol duly signed by
client, installing contractor and/or project consultants
should be submitted.

2.7 Even in the case of extensions to an existing service, a

complete set of forms and plants detailed in 2.5 and 2.6
above shall be submitted.

2.8 Applications, which relate to discounts for appliances other

than hydrants, shall also be accompanied by a plan of the
premises showing the layout and distribution of
appliances.

2.9 No application for discount can be entertained until the

relative appliances are complete, in position, ready for
use and fully operative. An appropriate discount or
allowance will be sanctioned by the Committee from the
date of the completed application, (in accordance with
2.5 and 2.6 above) subject to the appliances being found
in order on inspection by the Committee’s Inspectorate.
In the event of the installation being found incomplete or
defective, the discount will be with held (or withdrawn if
already notified) until the detects have been rectified to
the satisfaction of the Committee.

2.10No allowance shall be made for Fire Extinguishing

Appliances until notified by the Committee either by
letter or circular, and then, with effect only from the date
specified in such notification.
2.11Discounts sanctioned solely on account of installation of
internal appliances will be valid for a period of four years
only; hence fresh applications, accompanied by the
report of the Engineers of the Insurance Company (as per
Appendix IV) shall be submitted every four years.
2.12Proposals for the installation of appliances not specifically
covered by these rules shall first be submitted to the
Committee for approval.

2.13Offices and the insured are requested not to change block

numbers as this naturally affects the Committee’s records
and causes confusion. If block numbers have to be
changed, the Committee shall be notified at once.

2.14Discounts sanctioned for installation of appliances shall

normally stand withdrawn in the event of a strike or
lockout in the premises for duration of seven days or
more. For this reason, it is imperative that the Committee
be apprised as soon as a strike or lockout is declared.

********
3. COMMITTEE'S INSPECTION STAFF:

3.1 The Committee undertakes, as far as possible, the periodical

inspection of all premises in which fire extinguishing appliances,
entitling the risk to special discounts or ratings for such
appliances, are installed.

For this purpose, the Committee’s Inspection Engineers shall

have the right of access to the premises of the Insured at any
time with or without giving any prior notice.

3.2 The Primary duty of the Inspectors is to report to the Committee

on the condition and efficiency of the appliances installed as
well as to ensure the regulations are being observed. They will,
however, give help and advice in the maintenance of the
appliances and on matters pertaining to fire protection and
prevention.

3.3 The attention of the Inspecting Engineers shall be drawn, during

their visits, to any changes effected since the previous inspection
or to any contemplated extensions and alterations to the existing
services. This procedure does not, however, dispense with the
necessity of advising the Insurance Company or Companies
interested on the risk of any changes, which affect the plan of the
risk or the details of the appliances, recorded with Committee.

****** ***
4. INTERNAL APPLIANCES -

4. Internal appliances generally consist of hand appliances (first aid

appliances) and hose reels.

4.1 HAND APPLIANCES -

4.1.1 GENERAL –

4.1.1.1 Hand appliances comprise buckets and

extinguishers.
4.1.1.2 ALL APPLIANCES INCLUDING EXTINGUISHER
REFILLS AND FOAM COMPOUND SHALL BE IN
CAPACITIES INDICATED IN THE RELEVANT INDIAN
STANDARDS SPECIFICATION AND SHALL BEAR ISI
CERTIFICATION MARK. (Accessories including
extinguisher refills shall also be ISI marked) BUCKETS
SHALL BE OF ROUND BOTTOM TYPE.

4.1.1.3 The usefulness of these appliances is limited, as it is entirely

dependent upon the presence of persons having knowledge
to operate them. Everything depends, however, on the speed
with which they are brought into use as they are essentially
‘First-Aid’ equipment, only meant for attacking small fires
in their incipient stages and are not intended to deal with
large outbreaks of fires.

4.1.1.4 Since a variety of shapes and/or methods of operation of fire

extinguishers can at times lead to confusion and as failure to
operate the extinguishers properly in the first instance
results in failure to quench the fire, it is recommended that
extinguishers installed in any one building or single
occupancy be similar in shape and appearance and have the
same method of operation as far as possible.
4.1.1.5 It is recommended that an indicator board showing the
number of buckets and extinguishers installed in each
department be provided over or near the main entrance to
the department. This will enable the person in charge of the
appliances to ascertain at a glance if any appliances are
missing.

4.1.1.6 It is advisable to provide conspicuous location indicators of

a suitable type for all extinguishers, particularly those
located in large compartments.

4.1.2 SELECTION OF HAND APPLIANCES:

4.1.2.1 Various types of hand appliances are available but all are
not equally effective on all kinds of fires. For this reason,
the nature of contents of a building, the processes carried
out therein and the types of fires, which may occur, shall be
taken into consideration while selecting fire appliances.

4.1.2.2 The different types of fires and appliances suitable for use
on them are as under –

Class Combustibles Hand Appliances

A Fires in Ordinary Gas expelled Water

combustibles (Wood, and Antifreeze type
Vegetable fibres, rubber, extinguishers and
plastics, Paper and the Water Buckets.
likes).
B Fires in flammable Chemical Extin-
liquids, paints, grease, guishers of Carbon
solvents and the likes. dioxide type and Dry
Powder type and Sand
Buckets.
C Fires in Gaseous Chemical Extin-
substances under guishers of Carbon di
pressure and liquefied oxide and Dry Powder
gases. type.
D Fires in reactive Special type of Dry
 chemicals, Active metals Powder, Extin-
and the likes. guishers and sand
buckets

N.B - WHERE THE ENERGISED ELECTRICAL

EQUIPMENTS ARE INVOLVED IN A FIRE, THE NON-
CONDUCTIVITY OF THE EXTINGUISING MEDIA IS
OF UTMOST IMPORTANCE AND ONLY
EXTINGUISHERS EXPELLING DRY POWDER OR
CARBON-DI-OXIDE (WITHOUT METAL HORN)
SHOULD BE USED. ONCE THE ELECTRICAL
EQUIPMENT IS DE-ENERGISED EXTINGUISHERS
SUITABLE FOR CLASS A, B AND C, MAY BE USED
SAFELY.

4.1.3 REQUIREMENTS OF HAND APPLIANCES -

4.1.3.1 Procedure -

The minimum number of fire extinguishers needed to protect a

property shall be determined as outlined below -

a) For any property, basic protection shall be appliances suitable for

Class ‘A’ fires, Since Class ‘A’ fires are of universal character.
The number of extinguishers shall be determined according to
rule 4.1.3.2.

b) For occupancies where Class ‘B’ fires are anticipated, a suitable

number of appliances determined by rule 4.1.3.2 shall be
replaced by appliances as per table under rule 4.1.3.4.

c) For occupancies where fires of C & D types are anticipated, the

Committee may recommend appropriate extinguishers.

4.1.3.2 One 9-litre water/sand bucket shall be provided for every

100 sq. m of the floor area or part thereof and one 9-litre
water type extinguisher shall be provided to six buckets or
part thereof with a minimum of one extinguisher and two
buckets per compartment of the building.

N.B. In the case of Cotton Gin and Press factories, the

supply of hand appliances shall be doubled that indicated
above.
4.1.3.3 Buckets may be dispensed with for occupancies other than
Cotton Gin and Press factories, provided the supply of
extinguishers is one- and-a-half times that indicated above
in case of Light Hazard Occupancies and double that
indicated above in case of other occupancies.

Note: For categorisation of occupancies refer rule 7.2

4.1.3.4 Acceptable replacements for water buckets and water type

extinguishers in occupancies where Class B fires are
anticipated.

WATER BUCKETS
Water type
Acceptable Extinguishers
For one For two
replacement For each 9 litre
bucket buckets
Extinguisher

Dry Sand 1 bucket 3 bucket ---

Carbon-di-Oxide 03 Kg. 09 Kg 09 Kg
Extinguishers
(IS: 2878)

Dry Powder 02 Kg 05 Kg 05 Kg
Extinguisher (In one or more extinguishers)
(IS: 2171)

Note- Any combination of the various appliances referred to

above may be employed.

4.1.3.5 For electrical equipments, it would be necessary to provide

extinguishers as under –

4.1.3.5.1 For rooms containing electrical transformers,

switchgears, motors and/or electrical apparatus only,
not less than two 2 Kg dry powder or carbon dioxide
type of extinguishers shall be provided within 15 m of
the apparatus.

4.1.3.5.2 Where motors and/or other electrical equipments are

installed in rooms other than those containing such
equipments only, one 5 Kg dry powder or carbon di
 oxide extinguisher shall be installed within 15 m of
such equipments in addition to the requirement of
rules 4.1.3.2 and 4.1.3.4 for this purpose, the same
extinguisher may be deemed to afford protection to
all apparatus within 15 m thereof.

4.1.3.5.3 Where electrical motors are installed on platforms,

one 2 Kg dry powder or carbon di oxide extinguisher
shall be provided on or below each platform.

In the case of long platform with a number of motors,

one extinguisher shall be accepted as adequate for
every three motors on the common platform.

NB- the above requirement will be in addition to the

requirements of rules 4.1.3.2 and 4.1.3.4

4.1.3.6 If in the premises, fires of class C and D are also likely to

occur, the appropriate extinguishers and the number of such
extinguisher will be decided by the Committee, in view of
the special nature of occupancies.

4.1.3.7 Under special conditions, wheeled type of extinguishers

may be installed with the prior approval of the Committee.

4.1.3.8 The appliances shall be so distributed over the entire floor

area, that a person has to travel not more than 15 m to reach
the nearest appliance.

Example - The following example will illustrate the method

of determining the number of fire extinguishers required to
give adequate protection for a given property.

Risk: Light Engineering Workshop (Light Hazard).

Area: 315 m x 112 m. i.e. 35,300 sq. m.

Types of Fires:

i) Class `A' fire due to normal combustibles.

ii) Class `B' fire due to existence of Spray Painting
process and storage of flammable liquids.
 Number of appliances:

i) Basic Protection -

353 Buckets and

59 Water type Extinguishers OR

90 Water types Extinguishers, if buckets are dispensed

with.

ii) For Class ‘B’ fires 2 Water type Extinguishers are

replaced by 2 Dry Powder Extinguishers.
iii) For electrical equipments 6 Dry Powder
Extinguisher are provided. Thus the final number of
Extinguishers is:
Water type 88
Dry Powder type 08
Total 96

4.1.4 Selection of Sites for the Installation of Hand

Appliances:

4.1.4.1 When selecting sites for hand appliances due consideration

shall be given to the nature of the risk to be covered.
Appliances shall be placed in conspicuous position and shall
be readily accessible for immediate use in all parts of the
occupancy. It should always be borne in mind while
selecting sites that hand appliances are intended only for use
on incipient fires and their value may be negligible if the
fire is not extinguished or brought under control in the early
stages.

4.1.4.2 Generally, hand appliances shall be placed as near as

possible to exits or staircase landings. Wherever possible,
advantage shall be taken of normal routes of escape by
placing appliances in positions where they can readily be
seen by persons following the natural impulse to get out of
danger. It is not advisable to place appliances at the end of
rooms remote from exits unless they are necessary to cover
a particular hazard there.
4.1.4.3 Buckets shall be placed at convenient and easily accessible
locations either on hangers or on stands. In the case of
textile mills, it is strongly advised that a bucket be slung at
the end of each spinning and roving frame.

4.1.5 Maintenance of Hand Appliances:

4.1.5.1 General

4.1.5.1.1 It is important that hand appliances are always kept in

their proper positions and if temporarily removed for
repairs, are immediately replaced. In order to ensure
this, all concerns shall arrange to provide at least one
man, preferably a pump man, whose duty is to see
that the fire buckets are filled with water and the
extinguishers are in efficient working order and that
all appliances are in their correct positions.

4.1.5.1.2 It is recommended that in case the paint of any hand

appliance gets chipped off or gets faded; it shall be
repainted to prevent it from rust and corrosion.

4.1.5.2 Buckets:

4.1.5.2.1 Fire buckets shall not be used for any purpose other
than that for which they are intended, and shall
always be kept full of water/sand.

4.1.5.2.2 To prevent breeding of mosquitoes and to comply

with rules of local bodies, the water in fire buckets
shall be refilled every week and treated with sapon
creosote or phenyl in suitable quantities to just
discolour the water.

4.1.5.2.3 All buckets shall be refilled with clean water or sand,

as the case may be, immediately after use.

4.1.5.2.4 Spare buckets to the extent of 10 % of the total

number installed on the premises, subject to a
maximum of 50, shall always be kept in store.

4.1.5.3 Extinguishers:
4.1.5.3.1 Spare charges to the extent of 10 % of the total
number of extinguishers installed, with a minimum of
two shall always be kept in stock for each type of
extinguisher and be readily available.

4.1.5.3.2 Once a week, the extinguisher shall be checked to

ensure that all movable parts are working properly,
that the plunger is in fully extended position, that the
nozzle is not obstructed in any way and that there is
no leakage of the extinguishing medium from the
glands and nozzles. The extinguishers shall be
cleaned superficially and the brass parts polished.
The nozzle outlet and vent holes in the threaded
portion of the cap shall be checked for clogging.

4.1.5.3.3 Once a month, extinguishers of the Carbon Dioxide

type shall be weighed. If the weight recorded for any
extinguisher is less than 90 % of the weight of the
fully charged extinguisher as marked on the body, the
extinguisher shall be sent for recharging.

4.1.5.3.4 Half the total number of water type of extinguishers

and one-fifth of the total number of Dry Powder
Extinguishers installed in the premises shall be
subjected to an operation test annually.
Advantage shall be taken of this test to impart
training in the use of extinguishers, to the staff
employed on the premises where the extinguishers are
located.

N.B. Extinguishers, which have been used in a fire

during a period of six months preceding the tests,
need not be taken for testing.

4.1.5.3.5 Extinguishers installed in the premises shall be

subjected to a hydraulic test as specified in IS: 2190
and at such intervals as laid down therein.
Extinguishers found leaking or distorted shall be
rejected. Under no circumstances shall such
extinguishers be welded and reused.

N.B. The hydraulic test shall be certified by the

manufacturer(s) of the appliance(s) or the factory
 Chief Engineer or the Factory Fire OR SAFETY
OFFICER or the service contractors.

4.1.5.3.6 A record of the operation and hydraulic tests shall be

maintained, which shall be open to examination by
the Committee’s inspection staff.

4.1.5.3.7 The operating instructions of the extinguishers shall

not be defaced or obliterated. In case the operating
instructions are obliterated or have become illegible
due to passage of time, fresh transfers of the same
shall be obtained from the manufacturers of the
appliances and affixed to the extinguishers.

4.2 Small Bore Hose Reels:

(This sort of protection is not deemed suitable for

buildings/compartments containing electrical apparatus only or
in respect of buildings/ compartments in which flammable
liquids are stored and/or used)

4.2.1 HOSE REELS SHALL NORMALLY BE CONNECTED

TO THE GENERAL WATER SUPPLY PIPELINES OF
THE PLANT/PREMISES.

4.2.2 The number and distribution of hose reels shall be such that
the whole of each floor is protected and that no part of the
floor is more than 6 m. distant from a hose nozzle when the
hose is fully extended.

4.2.3 The hose reel shall be such as will enable not less than 22.5
litres of water to be discharged per minute through a nozzle
of not more than 6.35 mm. internal diameter.

4.2.4 Hose shall be of reinforced rubber not less than 19 mm. and
not more than 32 mm. internal diameter.

4.2.5 Hose lengths shall not exceed 36.50 m.

************
5. MECHANICALLY DRIVEN FIRE ENGINES AND TRAILER PUMPS

5.1 Application:

5.1.1 This method of protection will be accepted on its own merits

for the protection of blocks/facilities (other than open storage)
in light and ordinary hazard occupancies. Even in these
occupancies buildings, which have the highest point of the roof
not exceeding 20 meters, shall only be deemed to be protected.

5.1.2 For effective application, mobile engines and/or trailer pumps

shall be sited at convenient locations from where they can be
speedily moved to any portion of the compound in the event of
a fire and for this purpose adequate vehicular arrangements
shall be available for towing trailer pumps.

.25 Personnel:

In order to qualify for recognition, a fire fighting squad in

accordance with rules 7.9.1 to 7.9.10 shall be maintained on the
premises round the clock.

5.3 Equipment:

5.3.1 Trailer pumps and motor fire engines shall comply with the
relevant Indian Standards Specification or equivalent foreign
specification and carry the requisite number and type of
fittings and accessories specified in such standards. Besides,
each trailer pump shall be provided with 12 lengths of 15 m
long hosepipes of 63 mm diameter and six branch pipes with
 nozzles of 18 mm diameter. For each motor fire engine,
eighteen hosepipes each 15 m long and 63 mm diameter and
nozzles of 18 mm shall be provided along with nine branch
pipes.

5.3.2 The capacities of individual trailer pumps and motor fire

engine shall not be less than –

Trailer Pump 30 litres per second at 5.6 kg./sq. cm.

Motor Fire Engines 30 litres per second at 7.0 kg./sq. cm.

5.3.3 The number of appliances required shall not be less than that
laid down hereunder -

a) Light Hazard 1trailer pump for every 7,000 m2 of

Occupancies total built up area of protected
process and storage blocks subject to
a maximum of 3

b) Ordinary Hazard 1trailer pump for every 5,000 Sq. m.

Occupancies of total built up area of protected
process and storage blocks subject to
a max. 4

N.B. - One motor fire engine could be provided as substitute for

two trailer pumps. Portable fire pump sets (1,100-1,600 l/min.)
Can also be accepted treating such units as equivalent to one
trailer pump of 1,800 l/min provided these sets conform to IS:
12717-1989.

5.3.4 For storeyed structures, in addition to the trailer pumps and/or

motor fire engines, dry risers of size conforming to N.B. 4
under rule 7.5.10 shall be installed with hydrant outlets at each
floor level and double male instantaneous inlets at ground
level to serve as connections for the trailer pumps in the event
of a fire. The hydrants for the upper floors shall be installed on
landings of access staircases complying with rule 7.6.15 and a
hose box containing two lengths of hose of 7.5 m (or 25 ft.)
each and one nozzle shall be provided alongside each of
the upper floor hydrants. The number of risers per building
 and correspondingly the number of access staircases shall
depend on the floor area of upper storeys and for this purpose
the requirement of rule 7.6.15 shall apply.

N.B. Where it is not possible to fully comply with the

provisions of rule 7.6.15, reference shall be made to the
Committee.

5.4 Water Supply:

5.4.1 The water supply to be drawn upon by trailer pumps or motor

fire engines shall be available in static tanks of at least 45,000
litres capacity so located that no part of a protected building
lies beyond 100 m. of the tank(s).
N.B. 1. In the case of storeyed buildings, the tank shall not be
more than 50 m. from any part of the building.
N.B. 2. Provision shall be made for indicating the capacity of
the tanks for various depths.

5.4.2 One static tank shall be provided for buildings with light
hazard occupancy and two for buildings with ordinary hazard
occupancy. (Tank shall be so located as to give easy access to
the fire brigade).
N.B. The same tank(s) shall be considered as the source of
water supply for all detached buildings where no part of the
building(s) lies beyond 100 m. of the tank. The above distance
shall be reduced to 50 m. in the case of storeyed buildings.

5.4.3 Double-headed hydrants or water plugs of 100 mm diameter

fitted to the pressurised general water service main of the
premises may be considered as an alternative to static tank
provided that:

a) The water-pressure constantly maintained in the main is

not less than 0.7 kg./cm2.
b) The size of the main is at least 100 mm.
c) For light hazard occupancy, one double- headed hydrant or
one 100 mm water plug is so located that no part of the
building is beyond 100 m thereof. For ordinary hazard
occupancy, two double- headed hydrants or two 100 mm
water plugs are located as above.
 N.B. In the case of storeyed buildings, the above distance shall
be reduced to 50 m.

d) The pumping capacity of the general water supply is not

less than the aggregate pumping capacity of the trailer
pumps and/or motor fire engines.

e) The storage of general water supply is in excess of

1,00,000 litres.

6. HYDRANT PROTECTION OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS (NON-

INDUSTRIAL)

.16 Introduction -

6.1.1 A building, the highest floor of which is more than 22 M above

the surrounding pavement level, shall be considered as a high-
rise building.

6.1.2 The rules are applicable to all types of buildings with non-
industrial occupancies such as Residential Hotels, Mercantile/
Business/Office buildings, apartments etc.

6.1.3 In case of Buildings situated in slopping terrain, reference shall

be made to the Committee in advance with full particulars.

.26 Hydrant Protection (at ground or yard levels) -

6.2.1 The ground level protection with hydrants on terminal mains

will be acceptable, provided the plinth area of the building to
be protected is less than 750 m2. The location of the hydrants
at ground level as well as the layout of the hydrants system
shall, otherwise, comply with various provisions under Section
7 of this manual.

6.2.2 In case of buildings having a plinth area in excess of 750 m 2,

the location of the hydrants at ground level as well as the
layout of the hydrant system shall be governed by the
appropriate provisions under Section 7.6 of this manual. The
 Committee reserves its right of insisting on water monitors in
place of few hydrants if deemed necessary.

6.2.3 Orifice plates of suitable design shall be provided in the

landing valves, where necessary, to limit the operating
pressures within 7 kg/cm2.

6.2.4 Except where impracticable, all hydrant outlets shall be

situated 1.0 m above ground level.

6.3 Hydrant Protection - at various upper/lower (basement) levels

6.3.1 Access staircase

6.3.1.1 Design for a new building shall include provisions for
adequate access staircases and lifts to provide efficient
means of escape and facilities for fire fighting.

6.3.1.2 One lobby approach staircase along with fire lift shall be
provided for every 1,000 m2 of floor area of each storey/level
(including basements). Normally a minimum of two such
staircases shall be required but in case the area of each storey
is less than 500 m2, one staircase is acceptable.

6.3.1.3 The lobby approach staircase shall be of non-combustible

construction. At least 50 % of total numbers of staircases
required (with a minimum of one) shall be so located that
one of their enclosing walls be an external wall of the
building.

6.3.1.4 Doors at the entrances of both the lobby approach access

staircases and fire lifts shall be provided with self-closing,
smoke-tight doors having one-hour fire resistance. This
arrangement will enable escape and fire fighting to be
effected more efficiently.

NOTE: If the staircases and the fire lifts are located in the
core of the building, a positive pressure of 50 Pa or 20 Pa in
excess of pressure in the lobby whichever is higher, shall be
maintained within the former as an alternative to the above
provision.

6.3.1.5 The fire lifts shall be controlled by the fire brigade recall
from the concourse level and shall not respond to other calls
 after the fire brigade key has been activated. The cable
supplying power to the lift motor shall pass through routes of
negligible fire risk.

6.3.2 Wet Risers -

6.3.2.1 Wet riser(s) is/are a pipe or a number of pipes, permanently

charged with water under pressure, rising through the full
height of the building.

6.3.2.2 The wet risers shall be located within the lobby approach
staircases.

6.3.2.3 The diameter of the riser pipes shall not be less than 150 mm
anywhere. One or two landing valves shall be connected to
the riser pipe at each storey/level. In case of excessive
pressures in hydrant outlets at lower levels, orifice plates of
suitable design shall be provided in the landing valves, where
necessary, to limit the operating pressure to 7 kg/cm2.

6.4 Hose Pipes and Nozzles

6.4.1 Sufficient length of hose, subject to a minimum of two lengths

of 15 M each with couplings attached, shall be provided for
use in case of each hydrant point on risers. In addition, one
nozzle of 20 mm size fitted to a branch pipe shall also be
provided. To avoid water damage, it is advisable to have
reinforced rubber-lined hoses for use with internal hydrants.
(IS-636)

6.4.2 The number of hose pipes provided near external yard

hydrants shall be such that no part of the floor is more than 15
M from a hose nozzle when the hose is fully extended and
connected to hydrant landing valve.

6.4.3 Hoses, nozzles and branch pipes shall be kept adjacent to the
hydrant outlet, in wall boxes or recesses in the walls specially
designed to blend architecturally with the buildings, if so
desired. All other requirements relating to the appurtenances
shall be as per the provisions under Section 7.7 of this Manual.

6.5 Pumping Arrangements

6.5.1 Each wet hydrant installation shall be supplied with water by
an auto-start pumping set. A stand-by pump set of identical
pumping capacity having a different prime mover shall also be
provided.

6.5.2 Pumps shall have capacities of 38 Litres. per seconds (137 m 3

per hour) or 47 Litres. per second (171 m 3 per hour) and the
head generated at the rated discharge shall be such that a
minimum pressure of 3.5 Kg/cm2 will be available at the
highest landing valve in the premises.

6.5.3 The suction, delivery and priming arrangements for the pump
shall comply with provision under Section 7.4.1 of this
Manual.

6.5.4 Jockey pump(s) shall be installed in addition to the main pump

set(s). The pressure setting for the pump(s) shall be such that
it cuts in approximately at 0.35 Kg/cm2 below the normal
system pressure and cut out at normal system pressure. The
main fire pump(s) shall be arranged to cut in approximately at
1 Kg/cm2 below the normal system pressure and shall be
capable only of manual shut down at churn pressure.

6.5.5 The power supply to the fire pump(s) shall be independent of

all other supplies within the premises. In other words even
when the power supply to the entire premises is switched off,
the supply to the fire pump(s) and other essential equipment
shall remain uninterrupted.

6.5.6 Pump room shall be normally located detached in the

compound of the building and shall preferably be 6 m away
from the building. Where it is not feasible the pump room can
be located inside the building provided it is segregated from
the remainder of the building in accordance with Committee’s
regulations and access to the pump room from the out side of
the building shall be either direct or through a passage which
has no openings other than to the pump room.

6.5.7 The pumping installation for the high rise installations shall
conform to anyone of the following methods to avoid
undesirably high pressures in the riser mains -
 a) Two pumps, one having a low head connected to the riser
feeding the lower storeys and the other having a higher
head connected to the risers feeding the upper storeys,
shall be installed.
b) A multistage multi-outlet pump shall be installed, separate
outlets being connected to the riser feeding the lower
storeys and those feeding the upper floors. (See figure 1
and 2)

N.B. - For buildings over 60 M in height, hydrant system may

either be designed as above or may be divided into pressure
zones. For each zone the water supply for the fire protection
would be designed to have pressure within the normal
operating ranges and zones of eight to ten storeys would be
adequate with a check valve in each zone to prevent the
transmission of pressure to the zone below (each zone shall
have a height of 20 m to 25 m)
In each zone of fire protection piping, there shall be a gravity
or pressure tank supply. This shall be supplemented by a fire
pump to provide required flow in the zone. The fire pump
shall not be used to fill gravity or pressure tank.
This should be filled from domestic water lines. In this
arrangement, the pump in the lowest zone takes suction from
suction tank located at ground floor whereas pumps in other
zones take suction from the gravity/pressure tanks in the
respective zone (See. Fig. 3)
N.B.1: - In addition to the above system, a gravity tank of
25,000 litres capacity shall be provided on the top of the
building and it shall be connected to the pump delivery through
a non-return valve.
N.B.2 - The pump controls can be located with the pump in
each zone. It can also be provided at the ground floor
depending upon the suitability and practicability of the
particular building in question.
6.6 Water Source -
6.6.16Effective capacity of fire fighting tank (See rule No. 7.3) shall
not be less than 2 hrs. aggregate pumping capacity for
buildings less than 60 m in height. The tank capacity shall,
however, be increased to 3 hrs. pumping capacity for buildings
having height 60 m and above. The tanks shall be constructed
 in two independent but interconnected compartments as per
rule 7.3 of this Manual.
The fire tank must be in two compartments with a baffle wall
in between not going right down to the base of the tank. This
arrangement will ensure proper circulation of the firewater and
prevent stagnation. (See figure below).

6.6.26The storage tank shall be provided with a 150 mm fire brigade

pumping connection to discharge at least 2,275 Litres per
minute into the tank. This connection shall not be taken
directly into the side of the storage tank, but arranged to
discharge not less than 150 mm above the overflow level of the
tank. The connection shall be fitted with stop valve in a
position approved by the committee in advance. An overflow
connection discharging to a visible drain point shall be
provided from the storage tank.

6.6.3 The fire brigade connection shall be fitted with four numbers
of 63 mm instantaneous inlets in a glass fronted wall box at a
suitable position at street level, so located as to make the inlets
accessible from outside of the building. The size of the wall
box shall be adequate to allow hose to be connected to the
inlets, even if the door cannot be opened and the glass has to
be broken. Each box shall have fall of 25 mm towards the
front at its base and shall be glazed with wired glass with
 "FIRE BRIGADE INLET" painted on the inner face of the glass
in 50 mm size block letters.

6.6.4 In addition to the emergency fire brigade connection to the

storage tank, a 150 mm connection shall be taken from the four
63 mm instantaneous inlets direct to each hydrant riser so that
the fire brigade may pump to the hydrants in the event of
hydrant pumps being out of the commission. The connection
direct to each riser shall be fitted with a sluice and reflux valve
each.

6.7 Fire Fighting Staff

6.7.16A fire fighting squad consisting of security and maintenance

personnel under the command of a trained fire chief,
conversant with the fire control system of the premises, shall
be available. Further, the public fire brigade shall also be
acquainted with what is being installed in the premises and
how the protection systems operate. For this purpose, details
of the arrangements for fire fighting systems and the layout
plan incorporating the position of the existing fire protection
system shall be forwarded to the local fire brigade for their
information and necessary action.

6.7.26As the efficiency of the wet riser system depends on the

manner and speed at which they are brought into use, a squad
consisting of trained personnel and fire pimp man shall be
maintained on the premises round the clock. The number of
personnel for the squad shall necessarily depend upon the size
of the building but in no case shall be less than four trained
persons (excluding officer in charge on duty and pump man)
be available at anytime during the day or night.

6.7.3 A public address system shall be provided on each floor

including the control room in order to enable security and fire
fighting staff to give evacuation instructions to the occupants
in case of fire. Evacuation drills shall be arranged periodically.

6.7.4 A metal strip of 25 mm x 3 mm section shall be provided in the

staircase enclosure running throughout the height of the
building to facilitate transmission and reception of fire
messages through walkie-talkie sets used by brigade personnel.
The strip shall be electrically insulated from the ground.
 6.7.5 A plan of the risk giving floor-wise details of all fire
extinguishing appliances and water supplied shall be displayed
in the pump house as well as in the room of the security/fire
officer who is in charge of the appliances.

**************

7. HYDRANT SERVICE -

Installation of Hand Appliances as per the Committee’s Regulations

is a prerequisite for any occupancy, other than storage occupancy, to
be entitled to allowance for this system.

7.1 GENERAL -

7.1.07The following Regulations are not applicable to High-Rise

Buildings, the highest floor of which is more than 22 m above
the surrounding ground level or to Cotton Gin and Press
Factories, for which reference may be made to Sections 6 and
8 respectively.

7.1.1 A well designed and well laid hydrant service is the backbone
of the entire fire fighting equipment as it fights fires of serious
proportions in all classes of risks and continues to be in full
operation even if part(s) of affected buildings and/or structures
have collapsed, and also keeps cool all adjoining properties,
thereby minimising the exposure hazards.
7.1.27The advantages of providing for possible future extensions in
any scheme of hydrant protection is often overlooked. A
comparatively small extension with its attendant friction losses
may overload a main so seriously as to necessitate replacement
by one of larger size and the small additional initial cost of
mains of somewhat larger capacity than immediate
requirements may call for, often leads to ultimate economy.

7.1.37All components of the hydrant system shall be of a type and

make approved by the Tariff Advisory Committee.

7.1.47The standards laid down in this Manual represent the

accumulated experience of many years but even when a
hydrant service is designed and laid in accordance with these
standards, its efficiency in fire fighting will ultimately depend
upon the rapidity with which it is brought into action and the
ability with which its effort is directed.

7.1.57The maintenance of an installation is equally vital and the

importance of organised wet drills at regular intervals, which
ensure that each man carries out his allotted duties in the
shortest possible time cannot be too strongly emphasised.
(Please see rule 7.10 in this connection).

7.27CLASSIFICATIONS OF OCCUPANCIES -

7.2.07As the water supply, pumping capacity and other features of

the hydrant system depend not only on the size of the risk but
also on its fire growth and spread potentialities, the risks are to
be categorised under the following classes for the purpose of
hydrant system design:

N.B. For categorisation of occupancies not listed hereunder

reference shall be made to the Regional Offices.

7.2.17LIGHT HAZARD OCCUPANCIES:

1. Abrasive Manufacturing Premises

2. Aerated Water Factories
3. Agarbatti Manufacturing
4. Aluminium/Zinc and Copper Factories
5. Analytical and/or Quality Control Laboratories
6. Asbestos Steam Packing & Lagging Manufacturers.
7. Battery Charging/Service Station
8. Battery Manufacturing
9. Breweries
10. Brick Works
11. Canning Factories
12. Cardamom Factories
13. Cement Factories and/or Asbestos Products
Manufacturing.
14. Ceramic Factories and Crockery and Stoneware Pipe
Manufacturing.
15. Cinema Theatres (including Preview Theatres)
16. Clay Works
17. Clock and Watch Manufacturing
18. Clubs
19. Coffee Curing & Roasting Premise
20. Computer installations (Main Frame)
21. Condensed Milk Factories, Milk Pasteurising Plant and
Dairies.
22. Confectionery Manufacturing
23. Dwellings
24. Educational and Research Institutes
25. Electric Generating Houses (Hydel)
26. Electric Lamps (Incandescent & Fluorescent) and TV
Picture Tube Manufacturing.
27. Electric Sub-Station/Distribution Station.
28. Electro Plating Works.
29. Electronic and/or Computer Equipments Assemble and
Manufactures
30. Empty Containers Storage Yard
31. Engineering Workshops.
32. Fruits and Vegetables Dehydrating/Drying Factories.
33. Fruit Products and Condiment Factories.
34. Glass & Glass Fibre Manufacturing.
35. Godowns and Warehouses Storing non-combustible
Goods.
36. Green houses
37. Gold Thread Factories/Gilding Factories.
38. Gum and/or Glue and Gelatine Manufacturing.
39. Hospitals including X-ray and other Diagnostic Clinics.
40. Ice Candy and Ice-cream Manufacturing.
41. Ice Factories.
42. Ink (excluding Printing Ink) Factories
43. Laundries.
 44. Libraries.
45. Mica Products Manufacturing.
46. Office Premises.
47. Places of worship
48. Pottery Works.
49. Poultry Farms.
50. Residential Hotels, Cafes & Restaurants.
51. Salt Crushing Factories and Refineries.
52. Stables.
53. Steel Plants (other than Gas based)
54. Sugar Candy Manufacturing.
55. Sugar Factories and Refineries.
56. Tea Blending and Tea Packing Factories
57. Umbrella Assembling Factories
58. Vermicelli Factories.
59. Water Treatment/Water Filtration Plants and Water Pump
House.

7.2.27ORDINARY HAZARD OCCUPANCIES:

1. Airport and other Transportation Terminal Building.

2. Areca nut slicing and/or Betel nut Factories.
3. Atta and Cereal Grinding.
4. Bakeries.
5. Beedi Factories.
6. Biscuit Factories.
7. Bobbin Factories.
8. Bookbinders, Envelopes & Paper bag Manufacturers.
9. Bulk Storage
10. Cable manufacturing
11. Camphor Boiling
12. Candle Works.
13. Carbon Paper/Typewriter Ribbon Manufacturers.
14. Cardboard Box Manufacturing.
15. Carpenters, Wood wool & Furniture Manufacturers.
16. Carpet and Drugget Factories.
17. Cashew nut Factories.
18. Chemical Manufacturing.
19. Cigar and Cigarette Factories.
20. Coffee grinding premises
21. Coir, Factories,
22. Coir Carpets, Rugs and Tobacco, Hides and Skin Presses
23. Cold storage premises.
24. Cork products manufacturing
25. Dry Cleaning, Dyeing, Laundries.
26. Electric Generating stations (other than Hydel)
27. Enamelware Factories.
28. Filter & Wax paper Manufacturing.
29. Flour Mills.
30. Garages.
31. Garment Makers
32. Ghee Factories (other than vegetable)
33. Godowns & Warehouses (others).
34. Grain and/or Seeds Disintegrating and/or Crushing
Factories.
35. Grease Manufacturing.
36. Hat and Topee Factories.
37. Hosiery, Lace, Embroidery & Thread Factories.
38. Incandescent Gas Mantle Manufacturers,
39. Industrial Gas Mfg. Including halogenated hydrocarbon
gases
40. Linoleum Factories.
41. Man-made Yarn/Fibre Manufacturing (Except Acrylic)
42. Manure and Fertiliser Works. (Blending, Mixing and
granulating only)
43. Mercantile Occupancies (Dept. Stores, Shopping
Complexes / Malls)
44. Mineral Oil Blending and Processing.
45. Museums.
46. Oil & Leather Cloth Factories.
47. Oil Terminals/Depots other than those categorised under
High hazard A
48. Oxygen Plants.
49. Plywood Manufacturing/Wood Veneering Factories.
50. Paper & Cardboard Mills.
51. Piers, wharves, dockyards.
52. Plastic Goods Manufacturing.
53. Printing Press Premises.
54. Pulverising and Crushing Mills.
55. Rice Mills.
56. Rope Works.
57. Rubber Goods Manufacturing.
58. Rubber Tyres & Tubes Manufacturing
 59. Shellac Factories.
60. Shopping Complexes (underground)
61. Silk Filatures and cocoon stores.
62. Spray painting
63. Soaps and Glycerine Factories.
64. Starch Factories
65. Steel Plants (Gas Based)
66. Tanneries/Leather Goods Manufacturers.
67. Tank farms other than those categorised under high
hazard 'A'.
68. Textile Mills.
69. Tea Factories.
70. Telephone Exchanges.
71. Theatres and Auditoriums
72. Tobacco (Chewing) and Pan-masalla Making.
73. Tobacco Grinding and Crushing.
74. Tobacco Redrying Factories.
75. Woollen Mills.

7.2.37HIGH HAZARD OCCUPANCIES:

SUB-CATEGORY (A)

1. Aircraft Hangers
2. Aluminium/Magnesium Powder Plants
3. Bituminised Paper and/or Hessian Cloth Manufacturing
including Tar Felt Manufacturing.
4. Cotton Waste Factories
5. Coal and/or Coke and/or Charcoal Ball Briquettes
Manufacturing.
6. Celluloid Goods Manufacturing.
7. Cigarette Filter Manufacturing.
8. Cinema Films & T.V. Production Studios
9. Collieries.
10. Cotton Seed Cleaning or De-linting Factories.
11. Distilleries.
12. Duplicating and Stencil Paper Manufacturing.
13. Fire-works Manufacturing.
14. Foamed Plastics Manufacturing and/or Converting Plants.
15. Grass, Hay, Fodder & Bhoosa (chaff)
16. Pressing Factories.
17. Jute mills & jute presses
18. LPG Bottling Plants (Mini)*
 * Bottling plants having total inventory not exceeding
100 MT of LPG and also bottling a total quantity of
not exceeding 20 MT of LPG per shift of 8 hrs.
19. Match Factories.
20. Man Made Fibres (Acrylic fibres/yarn making)
21. Mattress and Pillow Making.
22. Metal or Tin Printers (where more than 50 % of floor area
is occupied as Engineering Workshop; this may be taken
as Ordinary Hazard Risk)
23. Oil Mills
24. Oil Extraction Plants (other than those forming part of
ghee factories & oil refining factories.)
25. Oil Terminals/Depots handling flammable liquids having
flash point of 32o C and below.
26. Paints & Varnish Factories.
27. Printing Ink Manufacturing.
28. Saw Mills.
29. Sponge Iron Plants.
30. Surgical Cotton Manufacturers
31. Tank Farms storing flammable liquids having flash point
of 32o C and below.
32. Tarpaulin & Canvas Proofing Factories.
33. Turpentine & Rosin Distilleries.
34. Tyre Retreading and Resoling Factories.

SUB-CATEGORY (B)

1. Ammonia and Urea Synthesis Plants.

2. CNG Compressing and Bottling Plants
3. Explosive Factories.
4. LPG Bottling Plants (Other than Mini)
5. Petrochemical Plants.
6. Petroleum Refineries.

7.3 WATER SUPPLY -

7.3.1 Water for the hydrant services shall be stored in an easily

accessible surface/underground lined reservoir or above
ground tanks of steel concrete or masonry. The effective
capacity of the reservoir above the low water level (defined
hereunder), or above the top of the pump casing (in case of
flooded suction) if the same is higher than the low water level,
 for the various classes of occupancies and size of hydrant
installations shall be as indicated in the table 1.

NOTES –

1. The low water level is a point atleast three times the

diameter of the suction pipe above the draw-off point.
(See figs.4, 5 and 6)

2. Large natural reservoirs with water capacity exceeding 10

times the aggregate water requirements of all Fire Pumps
therefrorm may be left un-lined.

7.3.27Reservoirs of and over 2,25,000 litres capacity shall be in two

interconnected equal compartments to facilitates cleaning and
repairs.

7.3.37The size of the firewater sump shall be such that the smaller
side is at least equivalent to six times the diameter of the
largest suction pipe. The suction pipe (s) shall be located
along the central longitudinal axis of the sump and the
positioning of the pipes shall be such that no pipe is within a
distance of twice its own diameter from another suction pipe or
from the wall of the sump.

7.3.4 Where the Fire pump(s) draw water from the reservoir under
suction lift conditions the two compartments shall be
connected to a common sump through sluice or gate valves.
The suction arrangement of the Fire pump (s) shall be as
indicated in rule 7.4.1.8, 7.4.1.9, 7.4.1.10 and 7.4.1.12
hereunder.

7.3.5 In case of dual purpose reservoirs catering to fire water and

general water requirements the general water pumps shall draw
their supply from a separate sump which shall be connected
only to the fire water sump, the interconnection being so
located that the effective quantity (as defined above) of water
available in the reservoir for fire water requirements below the
level of the interconnection is atleast equivalent to the
quantities indicated in Table 1. Incoming mains shall be
connected to Firewater Compartments and only overflow of
firewater compartments should go to process.
7.3.6 Where the reservoir provides positive suction for the fire
pump(s) in terms of the note under rules 7.4.1.11, tapping shall
be taken from both the compartments and shall be connected
through sluice valves to a common suction header. The
pumps, in turn, shall draw their suction from the common
header through sluice valves. In case of dual purpose
reservoirs catering to fire water and general water
requirements, the tapping for the general water pumps shall be
taken at a higher level such that the capacity of the reservoir
between the low water level as defined heretofore (or the top
of the fire pump casing in case it is higher than the low water
level) and the general water tapping is at least equivalent to the
requirements indicated in Table 1.
 TABLE - 1

NATURE OF RISK CAPACITY OF STATIC STORAGE

EXCLUSIVELY RESERVED FOR
HYDRANT SERVICE.

1. Light Hazard Not less than 01 hour’s aggregate pumping

capacity with a minimum of 1,35,000 litres.

2. Ordinary Hazard Not less than 2 hour’s aggregate pumping

capacity.

3. High Hazard (A) Not less than 3 hour’s aggregate

pumping capacity

4. High Hazard (B) Not less than 4 hour's aggregate pumping

capacity

NOTES –

1. The capacity of the reservoir for ordinary and high hazard class
occupancies may be reduced by the quantum of inflow [of one
hour in case of ordinary hazard, 90 minutes in case of high
hazard (A) and two hours in case of high hazard (B)
occupancies), from a reliable sources (other than town's main)
having prior approval of the committee, but in no case shall the
reservoir capacity be less than 70 % of that mentioned above.

2. In case of light hazard class occupancies the minimum capacity

of the reservoir shall be increased to 2,25,000 litres if the highest
floor of the building is more than 15 m above the surrounding
ground level.

3. A higher capacity of reservoir than that required as per Table 1

may be stipulated by the Committee where considered
necessary.

7.47PUMPS:

7.4.1 GENERAL
7.4.1.1 Pumps shall be exclusively used for fire fighting purposes,
be of a type approved by the Committee, and shall be -

a) Quadruple acting reciprocating steam pumps Or

b) Electric Motor or Steam Turbine driven centrifugal
pumps Or
c) Compression Ignition Engine driven centrifugal pumps
Or
d) Vertical Turbine Submersible pumps.

7.4.1.2 Pumps shall be direct-coupled, except in the case of engine-

driven Vertical Turbine Pumps wherein gear drives
conforming to approval standard of Factory Mutual system
or right angled gear drive class no. 1338 hall be used.

Belt-driven pumps shall not be accepted.

7.4.1.3 Parts of pumps like impeller, shaft sleeve, wearing ring etc.
shall be of non-corrosive metal preferably of brass or bronze
or stainless steel.

Where seawater is used or where the quality of water

necessitates the use of special metals/alloys, the use of such
metals or alloys shall be insisted.

7.4.1.4 The capacity of the pump(s) would depend on whether or not

tapping(s) for water spray and/or foam protection for
tanks/spheres/bullets/plants/other facilities is (are) taken from
the hydrant service. In case there is no tapping from the
hydrant service, the capacity of the pump shall be as per rule
7.4.1.4.1 hereunder. However, where the water demand for
water spray and/or foam protection as per rules 7.4.1.4.2,
7.4.1.4.3, 7.4.1.4.4, 7.4.1.4.5 and 7.4.1.4.6 is in excess of
that required for the hydrant system, the pumping capacity
shall be based on the higher water demand.

7.4.1.4.1 The capacity for hydrant service shall be determined by

the class of occupancy and size of installation as per
Table 2 hereunder:

TABLE - 2
 PUMP DISCHARGE
PUMP CAPACITY

ACITY (KG/CM2)
AT RATED CAP-

PRESSURE AT
LPS/(M3/HR)

DELIVERY
NATURE NUMBER OF
OF RISK HYDRANTS

1. Light i) Not exceeding 27 (96) 5.6*

Hazard 20

ii) Exceeding 20 38 (137) 7

but not exceeding 55

iii) Exceeding 55 47 (171) 7

but not exceeding
100

iv) Exceeding 100 47 (171) plus 7/8.8

** 47 (171) for
every add-
itional 125
hydrants or
part thereof.

NOTES –

*1. The pump delivery pressure will need to be 7 kg/cm 2 if the

highest floor of the risk is at a height exceeding 15 m above
the surrounding ground level.

**2. Where the systems are hydraulically designed as per NB 2 &

NB 3 below rule 7.5.10. The total pumping capacity need not
be greater than 190 (683) irrespective of the number of hydrant
points.
 PUMP DISCHARGE
PUMP CAPACITY

ACITY (KG/CM2)
AT RATED CAP-

PRESSURE AT
LPS/(M3/HR)

DELIVERY
NATURE NUMBER OF
OF RISK HYDRANTS

2. Ordinar i) Not 38 (137) 7

y Hazard exceeding 20
ii) Exceeding 47 (171) 7
20 but not
exceeding 55
iii) Exceeding 76 (273) 7
55 but not
exceeding 100
iv) Exceeding 76 (273) plus 7/8.8
100 ** 76 (273) for
every add-
itional 125
hydrants or
part thereof.

**N.B: Where the systems are hydraulically designed as per NB 2 &

NB 3 of rule 7.5.10, the total pumping capacity need not be
greater than 302 (1092) irrespective of the number of hydrant
points.
PUMP DISCHARGE
PUMP CAPACITY

ACITY (KG/CM2)
AT RATED CAP-

PRESSURE AT
LPS/(M3/HR)

DELIVERY

NATURE OF NUMBER OF
RISK HYDRANTS

3. High i) Not 47 (171) 7

Hazard (A) exceeding 20
ii) Exceeding 76 (273) 7/8.8
 20 but not
exceeding 55
iii) Exceeding 114 (410) 7/8.8
55 but not
exceeding 100
iv) Exceeding 114 (410) plus 7/8.8/10.5
100 114 (410) for
every add-
itional 125
hydrants or
part thereof.
4. High i) Not Two of 47 7
Hazard (B) exceeding 20 (171)

ii) Exceeding TWO of 76 7/8.8

20 but not (273)
exceeding 55
iii) Exceeding TWO of 114 7/8.8
55 but not (410)
exceeding 100
iv) **Exceedin TWO of 114
g 100 (410) plus
ONE of 114
(410) for
every add-
itional 200
hydrants or
part thereof.

** This provision will apply only in cases where the hydrant service
has been hydraulically designed as per NB3 (b) under rule 7.5.10.

NOTES -

1. In case of High Hazard (B) risks where the aggregate pumping

capacity required in terms of the above Table or of rules 7.4.1.4.2,
7.4.1.4.4, 7.4.1.4.5 and 7.4.1.4.6 hereunder exceeds 1,640 m3/hr.,
larger capacity pumps are acceptable provided the capacity of the
largest pump does not exceed 25 % of the aggregate installed
pumping capacity is disrupted when any pump is in-operative.
 2. In case of High Hazard occupancies, the pump delivery pressure
shall be 7 Kg/cm2 if the highest floor of the risk is at a height
exceeding 15 m above the surrounding ground level.

3. In case of Oil Refineries, Petrochemical complexes or other risks

where double headed hydrants are used throughout the risk so that
the total number of hydrants (counting a double headed hydrant as
two hydrants) is about double the number of hydrants required as
per the general requirements of this Manual, a double headed
hydrant may be regarded as a single hydrant only.

7.4.1.4.2 Where storage tanks containing flammable liquids are

protected by a medium velocity water spray system tapped
from the hydrant service, the water requirements of the spray
system shall be calculated for tanks located in a common dyke
which have the largest aggregate shell surface area at a rate of
10 litres /minute/m2 of tank shell surface area except where
the system has been designed to comply with the provisions
contained in N.B 4 under rule 7.6.19 (mandatory protection)
in which case the rate of flow can be reduced to 3 lpm/m2).

Even in the case of tanks located in separate dykes, the shell

surface area of all tanks located within a distance of 15 m (or
the diameter of the larger tank if the same is more than 15m)
shall be aggregated and the water demand of such cluster of
tanks shall be calculated at the rate of flow indicated in the
foregoing paragraph.

The water requirement of the spray system worked out as

above shall then be loaded for supplementary hose stream
protection as under –

Where the largest tank in, in a dyke, has a

diameter -

i) Upto 10 m 1,150 LPM

ii) More than 10 m and upto 20 m 2,250 LPM
iii) Over 20 m 3,400 LPM
 If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose
stream protection for storage tanks worked out as above exceeds
the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the
pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

7.4.1.4.3 Where storage tanks are protected by a fixed foam system

connected to the hydrant service, water requirement for the
foam system shall be equivalent to that required by the largest
protected tank at a rate of 5 litres/minute/m 2 of liquid surface
area for fixed roof tanks and 12.2 lpm/m2 of rim seal in case
of floating roof tanks.

Other conditions regarding supplementary hose stream

protection, pumping capacity etc., would remain the same as
for water spray protection.

7.4.1.4.4 Where spheres/bullets are protected by a medium velocity

water spray system tapped from pressurised hydrant service,
water requirements of the spray system shall be determined as
under -

Taking into consideration the configuration of bullets/sphere,

the one which has the largest number of other bullets/spheres
within R +15 M of the centre thereof shall be selected. The
water demand shall then be worked out at the rate of 10
L/min/M2 of the aggregate shell surface area of the
bullet/spheres concerned and all bullets/spheres within R + 15
M of the centre thereof.
Water application may be reduced to 5 LPM/M 2 where the
bullets/Spheres coated with approved passive materials
providing fire resistance of at least 2 hours.

The water requirement of the spray system worked out as

above shall then be loaded for supplementary hose stream
protection as under -

Water capacity of Bullets/ Supplementary hose

Spheres (m3) stream protection (LPM)

Upto and including 50 1,750

m3
 Above 50 m3 and upto 2,250
3
150 m
Above 150 m3 4,500

If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose

steam protection for spheres/bullets worked out as above
exceeds the requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2,
the pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

Note: For design criteria of medium velocity water spray system

reference shall be made to committee's rules for water spray
system.

7.4.1.4.5 Where the plants and other facilities are protected by

medium velocity water spray systems, tapped from hydrant
service, water requirement of the spray system shall be
determined as per Committee's rules for water spray
systems. Water requirements of the spray systems worked
out as above shall then be loaded by 4,500 LPM for
supplementary hose stream protection.

If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose

stream protection worked out as above exceeds the
requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the
pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

7.4.1.4.6 Where transformers are protected by high velocity water

spray system tapped from hydrant system, water
requirements of the spray system shall be determined as per
Committee's rules for water spray system. Water
requirement of the spray system worked out as above shall
then be loaded by 1,750 LPM for supplementary hose
stream protection.

If the total water requirement for spray protection and hose

stream protection worked out as above exceeds the
requirements of the hydrant service as per Table 2, the
pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the former.

7.4.1.4.7 Where plants and other facilities are protected by

sprinkler system tapped from the pressurised hydrant
service, water requirement of the sprinkler system shall
 be determined as per the Committee’s rules for
sprinkler system.

If the total water requirement for sprinkler system

exceeds the requirement of the hydrant service as per
Table 2, the pumping capacity shall be equivalent to the
former.

7.4.1.5 Pumps shall be capable of furnishing not less than 150 %

of rated capacity at a head of not less than 65 % of the
rated head. The shut-off head shall not exceed 120 % of
rated head in the case of horizontal pumps and 140 % in
the case of vertical turbine type pumps.

7.4.1.6 Each pump shall be provided with a plate giving, in the

case of centrifugal pumps, the delivery head, capacity and
the number of revolutions per minute and in the case of
reciprocating pumps, the diameter of the steam cylinders
and water plungers and the length of stroke as also the
ratios of the effective aggregate areas of the suction and the
delivery valves to the area of the water plungers.

7.4.1.7 In case of electrically driven pumps it is recommended that

compression ignition engine driven stationary pump of
similar capacity be installed as a standby and vice versa.
However, where the hydrant service consists of more than
one pump, not more than half the total number (total
number + 1 in case of odd number) of pumps shall have
prime movers of one type.

(The above provision is not applicable to systems

commissioned before 1982).

Notwithstanding the above, if power to motorised fire

pumps is obtained from two sources, one of which is a
captive generating plant located in a block either 6 m away
from all surrounding buildings, where this is not feasible,
segregated from adjoining building in a manner indicated
in rule 7.4.3.1 more than half the total number of pumps
may be of the electrically driven type.

7.4.1.8 Each fire service pump shall be provided with an

independent suction pipe without any sluice or cut-off
 valves therein, unless the pump is situated below the level
of the water supply in which case sluice or cut-off valves
would be essential.

Where the water supply has fibrous or equally

objectionable matter in suspension or mud and/or sand
liable to cause accumulation in the installation, suction
pipe(s) shall be installed in a jack well fed through a
culvert from the main water supply. At the supply end of
the culvert, a sluice or gate valve shall be provided.

NOTE - The suction pipe shall be connected to the pump

inlet through an eccentric reducer to avoid air pockets.

7.4.1.9 The diameter of the suction pipe shall be such that the rate
of flow of water through it does not exceed 90 m. per
minute when the pump is delivering at its rated discharge.
If, however, the pump is situated below the level of its
water supply, the diameter of the suction pipe/header shall
be based upon a rate of flow not exceeding 120 m. per
minute.

7.4.1.10 Where the pump is to operate under suction lift conditions,

the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) available at site shall
be 0.50 m in excess of the actual value required at 150 %
of the duty point as per the manufacturer’s curve of the
pump.

NOTE – For the purpose of the above, NPSH available at

site shall be computed by deducting the sum of the static
lift (measured from the ‘low water level’, defined in rule
7.3, upto the centre line of the pump) and friction loss in
the suction pipe and fittings from atmospheric pressure.

7.4.1.11 Fire Pumps in High Hazard (B) category occupancies shall

be provided with positive suction and automatic starting
devices capable of sequential starting of the pumps. The
pumps shall be connected to audible alarm such as hooter
or a siren located in a prominent place outside the pump
house. Where there is a central fire station in the premises,
additional alarm point shall also be provided in the fire
station.
 The pumping arrangement shall also incorporate Jockey
Pumps to take care of system losses. The capacity of the
Jockey Pumps shall neither be more than 5 % of the
installed pumping capacity nor less than 3 % thereof (with
a minimum of 10.8 m3/hr.) unless the aggregate installed
pumping capacity is in excess of 820 m 3/hr, in which case
the capacity of the Jockey Pump (s) shall be not less than
25 m3/hr plus 1 % of the installed pumping capacity in
excess of 820 m3/hr. Installation of Jockey Pumps also
helps to prevent hydraulic surges.

7.4.1.12 In the case of Light, Ordinary and High Hazard (A)

category occupancies, when the pump is above the level of
its water supply, there shall be a foot valve and a `priming'
arrangement, the latter consisting of a tank (having a
capacity at least three times that of the suction pipe from
the pump to the foot valve subject to a minimum of 1000
litres) connected to the delivery side of the pump by a
metal pipe having a minimum internal diameter of 100 mm
with a stop valve and a non return valve therein of the same
size.

A reliable independent filling arrangement and a level

indicator shall be provided for the priming tank and,
wherever feasible, a continuous overflow arrangement
shall be provided in order to ensure that the tank is always
full. It is recommended that for pumps taking suction from
a stored water supply, a vortex plate shall be installed at
entrance to the suction pipe.

Wherever circumstances permit, the pumps shall preferably

be fixed below the level of the water supply (positive
suction). If the pumps are automatic in action, they shall
necessarily be so fixed. However, if the priming
arrangements are such as to ensure that the suction pipe
shall be automatically maintained full of water
notwithstanding a serious leakage therefrom (the pump
being automatically brought into action to replenish the
priming tank should the latter be drawn upon at a greater
rate than the rate at which it is fed from any other source),
positive suction may not be insisted. In such cases, the
capacity of the priming tank need not exceed 450 litres and
the diameter of the priming pipe need not exceed 50 mm.
 Jockey Pump(s) of capacity indicated in rule 7.4.1.11 shall,
nevertheless, be provided in systems where the main pumps
are automatic in action.

Where pump(s) are automatic in action they shall be

connected to audible alarm such as hooter or siren located
in a prominent place outside the pump house. Where there
is a central fire station in the premises, additional alarm
point shall also be provided in the fire station.

NOTE - For the purpose of rules 7.4.1.8, 7.4.1.9, 7.4.1.11

and 7.4.1.12 a pump shall be considered as having positive
suction only if the quantity of water in the reservoir above
the low water level (see N.B. under rule 7.3) or the top of
the pump casing, whichever is higher is equivalent to the
requirements of Table 1.

7.4.1.13 Each pump shall be provided with a non-return valve and a

sluice valve on the delivery side, the sluice valve being
installed on the upstream side of the non-return valve. A
pressure gauge shall also be provided between the pump
and the non-return valve. The size of the non-return valve
and cut off (sluice) valve shall not be less than the size of
the initial delivery pipe and, in no case, less than the
delivery outlet of the pump. Further, as Butterfly Valves
can create turbulence adversely affecting the pump
performance no Butterfly valve shall be installed on the
suction side.

7.4.1.14 When the premises are also protected by sprinkler

installation having elevated tank(s) as one of the main
sources of water supply, and where the arrangement for
filling the tank(s) is taken from the hydrant service, the
connection shall be taken directly from the pump to the top
of the tank (through a stop valve) and not through the
hydrant mains. (See fig. below)
7.4.1.15 Pumps shall not be installed in open. The pump rooms
shall normally have brick/concrete walls and non-
combustible roof, with adequate lighting, ventilation and
drainage arrangements.

The pump room shall be so located as to be both easily

accessible and where any falling masonry and the like from
other buildings occasioned by fire or other cause, cannot
damage the pump room. Normally, pump rooms shall be
located 6 m away from all surrounding buildings and
overhead structures. Where this is not feasible the sides of
the pump room falling within 6 m of the surrounding
buildings shall be blank masonry walls of 355 mm
thickness and the roof of the pump room shall be of RCC.
Likewise, when the pump room is attached to a building a
perfect party wall complying with the committee's
regulations shall be constructed between the pump room
and the attached building, the roof of the pump room shall
be of RCC construction at least 100 mm thick and access to
the pump room shall be from the outside. In no case shall
the pump from be sited within a building occupied for any
other purpose.

N.B. for High Hazard (B) occupancies, in addition to the

above provisions, the pump room shall be located 30 m
clear of all equipment where flammable fluids having flash
point below 65o C are handled and/or stored and 15 m clear
 of pipes/pipe racks (of other than water.). This provision
shall, however, not apply to systems commissioned before
1982.

7.4.2 STEAM DRIVEN PUMPS -

7.4.2.1 The capacity of steam driven pumps shall be based on the

economical speed recommended by the makers, and the
pumps shall be provided with a suitable air vessel, steam
and water pressure gauges. The working parts of the water
ends shall be of non-corrosive metal.

7.4.2.2 Pumps shall not be used for boiler feeding or any other
purpose, except for filling the elevated sprinkler tank(s).

7.4.2.3 There shall be at least two boilers connected to the pump,

out of whom one shall be under pressure at all times.

7.4.2.4 Steam at a pressure of 4.2 kg/cm2 or more if specified by

the makers shall be available at the pump at all times.

7.4.2.5 The ratio of the area of the steam cylinders to water

cylinders shall not be less than 2.5 to 1.

7.4.2.6 A relief valve of adequate size shall be fitted on the

delivery side of the pump and set at a pressure of not more
than 1 kg/cm2 above the delivery pressure of the pump,
and if of weight and lever type, the weight, when set, shall
be secured and locked in that position.

7.4.2.7 The diameter of the suction pipe shall in no case be less

than that of the pump plungers.

7.4.2.8 The steam pipe to the pump shall not traverse ground not
under the control of the owner of the installation, nor a
public roadway.

7.4.3 ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PUMPS -

7.4.3.1 The sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s)-supplying power

to the fire pump(s) shall be of incombustible construction
and shall be located at least 6 m away from all surrounding
buildings. Where this is not feasible, all door and window
openings of the surrounding buildings within 6 m of the
sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be protected by
single fireproof doors and 6 mm thick wired glasses in steel
framework respectively. Like-wise, roof eaves, if any, of
the surrounding buildings falling within 6 m of the sub-
station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be cut and wall raised
as a parapet. The above provisions shall also apply when
the sub-station(s) and D.G. house(s) are within 6 m of each
other.

Where the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) are attached

to buildings, perfect party walls complying with the
Committee's regulations shall be constructed to segregate
the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) from the attached
buildings and where the attached building is storeyed, the
roof of the sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s) shall be of
R.C.C. construction of at least 100 mm thickness.

Transformer cubicles inside these sub-stations shall be

separated from H.T. and L.T. cubicles and from each other
by blank walls of bricks/stone/concrete blocks of 355 mm
thickness or of R.C.C of 200 mm with door openings, if
any therein, protected by single fireproof doors complying
with the Committee's regulations. The sub-station(s) and
D.G. house(s) shall also be separated from each other as
above.

Transformers installed outdoors, which are supplying

power to fire Pump(s), shall also be located atleast 6 m
away from all surrounding buildings (including sub-
station(s) and/or D.G. house(s). Where this is not feasible
all door and window openings of the building(s) [including
sub-station(s) and/or D.G. house(s).] within 6 m of the
 transformer shall be protected by single fireproof doors and
6mm thick wired glasses in steel framework respectively.
Likewise, roof eaves of the building(s) falling within 6 m
of the transformer shall be cut and wall raised as a parapet.
Baffle walls of bricks/stone/concrete blocks of 355 mm
thickness or of R.C.C. of 200 mm thickness shall be
constructed between two transformers and these walls shall
be extended horizontally 600 mm beyond the extremities of
the transformers and vertically 600 mm above the highest
point of the transformers.

NOTES –

1. Where oil capacity of the individual transformer is

larger than 5,000 litres separating walls must be
provided in between the transformers and a clear
distance as per the following table shall be maintained
between the transformers and the substation –

CLEAR
OIL CAPACITY OF
SEPARATING
INDIVIDUAL TRANSFORMER
DISTANCE (m)

5,000 to 10,000 litres 8.0

Above 10,000 upto 20,000 litres 10.0
Above 20,000 upto 30,000 litres 12.5
Over 30,000 litres 15

2. For High Hazard (B) occupancies, substation(s)

supplying power to the fire pump(s) shall, in addition
to complying with the above provisions, be located 30
m clear of all equipment where flammable fluids
having flash point below 65o C are handled and/or
stored.

7.4.3.2 Electric supply feeder (s) to sub-station(s) supplying power

to fire pump shall as far as possible, consist of armoured
cables buried underground which shall not pass under any
building or permanent structures.
 If the feeders are laid inside an underground cable duct/
gallery, they shall be placed in a corner of the duct/gallery
and shall be isolated from other cables in the duct/gallery
by means of fire bricks/sand packing/other suitable passive
protection of at least ½ an hour fire rating.

Under extenuating circumstances, where it is not feasible

to lay the feeders underground, the Committee may permit
overhead feeders provided they do not fall within a
horizontal distance of -

A) 15 m of any process buildings/plant or tanks

containing flammable liquids. Or

B) ) 6 m of any other building or tanks containing non-

flammable liquids or of storage in open.

NOTE: in case of high hazard (B) occupancies, all

substations (except main receiving station in the route of
the electrical supply to the fire pump (s) which receive
power by overhead feeders shall be provided with two sets
of feeders which, apart from conforming with the above
distance provisions, shall be run along two different routes
in such a way that failure of more than one route due to a
single mishap would be only a remote possibility.
7.4.3.3 A direct feeder without any tappings shall be laid from the
sub-station to the pump house. The feeder shall consist of
an armoured cable buried underground and shall not pass
under any building or permanent structure.

The cable run inside the substation from the breaker upto
its point of burial or entry into cable duct/gallery shall be
provided with suitable passive protection of at least ½ an
hour fire rating.

If the feeder is laid inside an underground cable

duct/gallery, it shall be placed in a corner of the
duct/gallery and shall be isolated from other cables in the
duct/gallery by means of fire bricks/sand packing/other
suitable passive protection of at least ½ an hour fire rating.
 Under extenuating circumstances, where it is not feasible
to lay the feeders underground, the committee may permit
overhead feeders provided they do not fall within a
horizontal distance of –

A) 15 m of any process buildings/plant or tanks

containing flammable liquids. Or

B) 6 m of any other building or tanks containing non-

flammable liquids or of storage in open.

NOTE - In case of High Hazard `B' occupancies if the

feeder to the fire pump (s) is not buried underground, two
sets of feeder shall be provided which shall –

A) conform to the above distance provisions

B) be run along two different routes in such a way that

failure of more than one route due to a single
mishap would be only a remote possibility.

7.4.3.4 Sufficient spare power shall always be available to drive

pumping set(s) at all times throughout the year.

7.4.3.5 The electric supply to the pumping set(s) shall be entirely

independent of all other equipment in the premises i.e.
even when the power throughout the entire premises is
switched off, the supply to the pump shall continue to be
available un-interrupted. This can be achieved by taking
the connection for the pump(s) from the incoming side of
the main L.T breaker. However, in cases where two or more
transformers and/or sources of supply are connected to a
common bus bar the connection may be taken through the
bus bars. (See figures below)
7.4.3.6 The fire pump circuit shall be protected at the origin by an
automatic circuit breaker so set as to permit the motor to be
overloaded during an emergency to the maximum limit
permissible by the manufacturers. Further, the under
voltage release/`no volt’ coil of the circuit breaker shall be
removed.

N.B - Where cable lengths are long enough to warrant

back-up protection, the Committee may insist on provision
of such a protection.

7.4.3.7 It is recommended that telltale lamps, which would

continuously glow when power is available to the fire
pump(s) circuit, be provided and fixed in a prominent
position, both in the substation and in the pump room.

7.4.3.8 Where there is more than one source of power for the
operation of pumping set(s) every electrical circuit shall
preferably be so designed as to ensure that when necessary,
the set(s) will continue to operate without the manual
operation of an emergency switch.

7.4.3.9 The pumping set(s) shall be securely mounted on a robust

bedplate, if of the horizontal type, and shall be free from
vibration at all variations of load.

7.4.3.10 The rating and design of motors and switchgears shall

conform to the relevant Indian Standards Specification.
The motor shall be of continuous rating type and its rating
shall be at least equivalent to the horsepower required to
 drive the pump at 150 % of its rated discharge. (See rule
7.4.1.5)

7.4.3.11 The motor shall be of totally enclosed type or drip proof

type, the latter having their air inlets and outlets protected
with meshed wire panels to exclude rodents, reptiles and
insects.

7.4.3.12 The motors shall be wound for Class B insulation

preferably for Class E and the windings shall be vacuum
impregnated with heat and moisture resisting varnish and
preferably glass fibre insulated to withstand tropical
conditions.

7.4.3.13 Motors wound for high tension supplies shall have a

suitable fixed warming resistance to maintain the motor
windings in a dry condition at all times and particularly
under monsoon conditions. The resistance shall be
connected to the lighting or other equivalent circuit.

7.4.3.14 Heating apparatus shall also be provided, when necessary,

for medium tension motors where they are located below
ground level, in order to maintain the motor windings in a
dry condition. Adequate drainage arrangements shall also
be provided in the pump house in such cases.

7.4.3.15 The incoming cable to the fire pump room shall terminate
in an isolating switch fuse unit incorporating HRC fuses
and where necessary provided with a distribution system.

7.4.3.16 The starting switchgear for the fire pumps shall be suitable
for direct on line starting but other alternative arrangements
are subject to prior approval. It shall also incorporate an
ammeter with a clear indication of the motor full load
current.

N.B. Remote controlled starting arrangements are subject

to prior approval of the Committee.

7.4.3.17 Cables for motors and switchgear shall be armoured or be

enclosed in heavy gauge screwed steel conduit according to
conditions.
7.4.3.18 It is recommended that equipment throughout be painted
fire red (Shade No. 536 as per IS: 5) and suitably marked
for identification.

7.4.3.19 Necessary spare parts including a set of fuses (in a glass-

fronted box) shall be kept in readiness at all times in the
pump house.

7.4.3.20 The wiring in all installations shall be done in accordance

with the rules for Electrical Installations 1998 issued by
the Tariff Advisory Committee.

7.4.4 PETROL OR MOTOR SPIRIT ENGINE DRIVEN

PUMPS: (ACCEPTED ONLY WHERE INSTALLED
PRIOR TO 1976):

7.4.4.1 The pump room shall be artificially heated, if necessary, so

as to prevent its temperature from falling below 4.5 C at
any time.
NOTES -

1. Low-pressure hot water, steam or hot air apparatus or

electric radiators only shall be used. If electric
radiators are used, the Tariff Advisory Committee shall
approve the same.
2. Vapour-proof incandescent electric lighting shall be
used for the pump house. Naked lights are not
permitted.
3. Switches in connection with electric lighting or
heating shall be located outside the pump room, but if
this is not practicable, they shall be of flame-proof
type conforming to the relevant Indian Standards
Specification (IS : 5571)

7.4.4.2 The engine shall be fitted with dual ignition (magneto and
accumulator with coil with separate sparking plugs to
each), which shall be so arranged that the engine may be
worked on either ignition independently.

7.4.4.3 The magneto shall be of the high-tension type.

7.4.4.4 A voltmeter shall be provided and so arranged that the
voltage of the accumulator or battery can be ascertained at
will.

7.4.4.5 Except in cases where an independent electric supply is

readily available the engine shall be fitted with and shall
work a small low voltage dynamo, from which the
accumulator can be recharged when necessary while the
engine is running on the magneto.

7.4.4.6 The conductors from the magneto and accumulator to the

sparking plugs shall be run in metal tubes to protect them
against injury.

7.4.4.7 The opening to the atmosphere from the induction pipe

shall be fitted with a flame trap.

7.4.4.8 The engine shall be governor controlled.

7.4.4.9 The following spare parts shall be kept readily to hand -

a) One complete set of piston rings for each cylinder,

b) Two high tension sparking plugs for each cylinder.
c) Two valves suitable for inlet or exhaust complete with
springs, cotters and washers,
d) One complete filter for petrol pump feed with cork gasket
e) Two springs for each spring used in the engine,
f) One complete set of cylinder head and other gaskets.

7.4.4.10 The engine shall be so arranged that, if necessary, it may be

readily and immediately started by one person.

7.4.4.11 The petrol or motor spirit tank from which the engine is fed
shall be fitted with a gauge glass or suitable indicator
(which shall be protected against mechanical injury)
showing the quantity of petrol or motor spirit contained
therein.

The tank shall have a holding capacity sufficient to run the

engine at full load for about 24 hours.

All joints in the petrol piping shall be brazed.

7.4.4.12 There shall be kept on hand at all times sufficient petrol or
motor spirit to run the engine at full load for about 24
hours.

7.4.4.13 The reserve supply of petrol or motor spirit shall be stored

in a safe position, away from the pump house.

7.4.4.14 Petrol or motor spirit only shall be used. The use of other
substance, such as paraffin, shall not be allowed.

7.4.4.15 A written declaration shall be given by the insured that the

following conditions will be strictly complied with -

a) The engine shall be tested twice a week for atleast 10

minutes each time.
b) The temperature of the pump room shall be maintained
not less than 4.5oC (or 40o F) at all times.
c) The minimum quantity of petrol or motor spirit required
as stated in 7.4.4.12 shall be maintained in a safe position
away from the pump house.
d) Motor spirit only shall be used for driving the engine.
e) Spare parts as required in 7.4.4.9 shall be kept readily to
hand.

7.4.5 COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE DRIVEN

PUMPS

7.4.5.1 PUMP ROOM:

The Pump Room shall be artificially heated, if necessary,

to maintain the temperature of the room above 10 o C.
Adequate ventilation shall be provided for the air required
for aspiration and to limit the temperature rise in the room
to 10o C above the ambient temperature when the engine is
on full load.

7.4.5.2 ENGINE:

7.4.5.2.1 The Engine shall be -

a) of the compression ignition mechanical direct

injection type, capable of being started without the
use of wicks, cartridges, heater plugs or ether, at an
 engine room temperature of 7 oC and shall accept full
load within 15 seconds from the receipt of the signal
to start.

b) Naturally aspirated, supercharged or turbo-charged and

either air or water-cooled. In the case of charge air
cooling by means of a belt-driven fan or of a belt
driven auxiliary water pump there shall be multiple
belts such that should half the belts break, the
remaining belts would be capable of driving the fan or
pump.

c) Capable of operating continuously on full load at the

site elevation for a period of six hours.

d) provided with an adjustable governor to control the

engine speed within 10% of its rated speed under any
condition of load upto the full load rating. The
governor shall be set to maintain rated pump speed at
maximum pump load.

e) provided with an in-built tachometer to indicate

R.P.M. of the engine.

7.4.5.2.2 Any manual device fitted to the Engine that could prevent
the engine starting shall return automatically to the normal
position.

7.4.5.2.3 Engines, after correction for altitude and ambient

temperature, shall have bare engine horsepower rating
equivalent to the higher of the following two values

a) 20 % in excess of the maximum brake horsepower

required to drive the pump at its duty point.

b) The brake horsepower required driving the pump at

150 % of its rated discharge.

NOTE: In the case of engines guaranteed by the

manufacturers as capable of being overloaded by 10% at
the rated speed for one hour in any period of 12 hours
consecutive running, the value under (b) above may be
 considered as 10% lower than the horse power required to
drive the pump at 150 % of its rated discharge.

7.4.5.2.4 The coupling between the engine and the pump shall allow
each unit to be removed without disturbing the other.

7.4.5.3 COOLING SYSTEM:

The following systems are acceptable -

a) Cooling by water from the discharge of fire pump

(taken off prior to the pump discharge valve) direct
into the engine cylinder jackets via a pressure reducing
device to limit the applied pressure to a safe value as
pacified by the engine manufacturer. The outlet
connection from this system shall terminate atleast 150
mm above the engine water outlet pipe and be directed
into an open tundish so that the discharge water is
visible.

b) a heat exchanger, the raw water being supplied from

the fire pump discharge (taken off prior to the pump
discharge valve) via a pressure-reducing device, if
necessary, to limit the applied pressure to a safe value
as specified by the engine manufacturer. The raw
water outlet connection shall be so designed that the
discharged water can be readily observed. The water
in the closed circuit shall be circulated by means of an
auxiliary pump driven from the engine and the
capacity of the closed circuit shall not be less than that
recommended by the engine manufacturer. If the
auxiliary pump is belt driven there shall be a multiple
belt so that should half the belts break, the remaining
belts shall be capable of driving the pump.

c) a frame or engine mounted air cooled radiator with

a multiple fan belt driven from the engine. When
half the belts are broken the remaining belts shall be
capable of driving the fan. The water in the closed
circuit shall be circulated by means of an auxiliary
pump driven by the engine and the capacity of the
closed circuit shall be not less than that recommended
by the engine manufacturer.
 d) direct air cooling of the engine by means of multiple
belt driven fans. When half the belts are broken the
remaining belts shall be capable of driving the fan.

NOTE: In case of systems described in (b) (c) & (d) above

a failure actuated audio-visual alarm shall be incorporated.

7.4.5.4 AIR FILTRATION:

The air intake shall be fitted with a filter of adequate size to

prevent foreign matter entering the engine.

7.4.5.5 EXHAUST SYSTEM:

The exhaust shall be fitted with a suitable silencer and the

total backpressure shall not exceed the engine maker's
recommendation. When the exhaust system rises above the
engine, means shall be provided to prevent any condensate
flowing into the engine.

7.4.5.6 ENGINE SHUT-DOWN MECHANISM:

This shall be manually operated and return automatically to

the starting position after use.

7.4.5.7 FUEL SYSTEM:

7.4.5.7.1 FUEL:

The engine fuel oil shall be of quality and grade specified

by engine makers. There shall be kept on hand at all times
sufficient fuel to run the engine on full load for six hours,
in addition to that in the engine fuel tank.

7.4.5.7.2 FUEL TANK:

The fuel tank shall be of welded steel constructed to

relevant Indian or Foreign Standard for Mild Steel Drums.
The tank shall be mounted above the engine fuel pump to
give gravity feed unless otherwise recommended by the
manufacturer. The tank shall be fitted with an indicator
showing the level of the fuel in the tank. The capacity of
 the tank shall be sufficient to allow the engine to run on
full load for –

CLASS OF HAZARD CAPACITY

Light Hazard 2 Hours

Ordinary Hazard 4 Hours
High Hazard (A) 6 Hours
High Hazard (B) 8 Hours

NOTE: where there is more than one compression ignition

engine driven pump set there shall be a separate fuel tank
and fuel feed pipe for each engine.

7.4.5.7.3 FUEL FEED PIPES:

Any valve in the fuel feed pipe between the fuel tank and
the engine shall be placed adjacent to the tank and it shall
be locked in the open position. Pipe joints shall not be
soldered and plastic tubing shall not be used.

7.4.5.7.4 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT -

The following shall be provided -

a) A sludge and sediment trap

b) A fuel level gauge
c) An inspection and cleaning hole.
d) A filter between the fuel tank and fuel pump mounted
in an accessible position for cleaning.
e) Means to enable the entire fuel system to be bled of
air. Air relief cocks are not allowed; screwed plugs are
permitted.

7.4.5.8 STARTING MECHANISM:

Provision shall be made for two separate methods of

engine starting viz.-

a) Automatic starting by means of a battery powered

electric starter motor incorporating the axial
displacement type of pinion, having automatic repeat
 start facilities initiated by a fall in pressure in the water
supply pipe to the sprinkler and/or hydrant installation.
The battery capacity shall be adequate for ten
consecutive starts without recharging with a cold
engine under full compression.

b) Manual starting by -

i) Crank handle, if engine size permits Or

ii) Electric starter motor.

NOTE: The starter motor used for automatic starting may

also be used for manual starting provided there are separate
batteries for manual starting.

7.4.5.9 BATTERY CHARGING:

The means of charging the batteries shall be by a 2-rate

trickle charger with manual selection of boost charge and
the batteries shall be charged in position. Where separate
batteries are provided for automatic and manual starting the
charging equipment shall be capable of trickle charging
both the batteries simultaneously. Equipment shall be
provided to enable the state of charge of the batteries to be
determined.

7.4.5.10 TOOLS:

A standard kit of tools shall be provided with the engine

and kept on hand at all times.

7.4.5.11 SPARE PARTS:

The following spare parts shall be supplied with the engine

and kept on hand -

a) Two sets of fuel filters, elements and seals.

b) Two sets of lubricating oil filters, elements and seals.
c) Two sets of belts (where used)
d) One complete set of engine-joints, gaskets and hoses,
e) Two injector nozzles,
f) One complete set of piston rings for each cylinder,
g) One inlet valve and one exhaust valve
7.4.5.12 ENGINE EXERCISING:

The test shall be for a period of at least five minutes each

day. Where closed circuit cooling systems are used the
water level in the primary system shall be checked at the
time of carrying out each test and, if necessary, water shall
be added during the course of the test procedure.

7.4.5.13 A written declaration shall be given that the following

conditions will be strictly complied with -

a) To test the engine at least once a week.

b) To maintain the temperature of the engine room at not
less than 4.5 deg. C at all times.
c) To maintain the minimum quantity of fuel oil required
as desired in these clauses.
d) To use a good grade of fuel oil equivalent in quality to
that specified by the engine maker.
e) To keep on hand the spare parts required as specified
in 7.4.5.11.

7.5 MAINS:

7.5.1 The hydrants mains shall normally be laid underground or

in masonry culverts with removable covers of
incombustible construction and shall be of any one of the
following types -

a) Cast Iron double flanged pipes conforming to the

following standards -

TYPE OF PIPES CLASS IS CODE

OF PIPES

Horizontally Cast Iron Pipes B IS: 7181

Vertically Cast Iron Pipes A IS: 1537

Centrifugally Cast (Spun) Iron A IS: 1536

Pipes
 N.B. In case of vertically cast pipes, where the nominal
diameter of the pipes exceeds 300 mm or where the pump
delivery pressure exceeds 7-kg/sq. cm2, Class `B' pipes
would be necessary.

b) Centrifugally Cast (Spun) Iron Class `A’ Pipes with

Tyton Joints – (Rubber gasketed)

c) Wrought or mild steel pipes (galvanised or un-

galvanised) of ‘Medium’ grade conforming to IS:
1239 or IS: 3589 having welded joints and coated and
wrapped as per IS: 10221. (MS pipes may be allowed
for extension of existing systems which are laid with
CI pipes with prior approval of the Committee.)
Haliday Testing for Wrapping and Coating is essential.

At least 10 % of all the welded joints shall be

rediographically tested and half of the joints
radiographed shall be the ‘field joints’.

d) Un-plasticized PVC ‘Class 4’ pipes conforming to IS

4985 and HDPE pipes conforming to IS: 4984.

N.B. These pipes are permitted for use in Light Hazard

Occupancies for underground mains only.

7.5.2 Underground CI Mains shall be laid such that the top of the
pipe is not less than one metre below the ground level and
masonry or equivalent supports shall be provided at regular
intervals. As far as possible MS Steel pipes shall also be
laid 1m below ground level.

NOTES –

1) Where applicable, Radiography Test Certificate and

films for welded joints of mild steel pipes and Haliday
Test Certificate for coating and wrapping of
underground mild steel pipes shall be submitted before
the final inspection. Haliday Testing may preferably be
carried by flexible and detachable ring probe, which
will enable the entire 360o of the surface of the pipe to
be scanned.
 2) In case of poor soil conditions, it may be necessary to
provide continuous masonry or equivalent supports.

7.5.3 Mains above ground shall be medium grade wrought or

mild steel (galvanised or un-galvanised) conforming to IS:
1239 or IS: 3589 with welded, threaded or flanged joints,
adequately supported at regular intervals on masonry or
RCC stools or pedestals and not on pipe racks.

The spacing of supports shall be 3.5 m for 80, 100 and 125
mm dia. pipes, 5m for 150, 200 and 250 mm dia pipes and
7 m for above 250 mm dia pipes.

Pipes shall be run at least 6 m away from the face of the

buildings and open storage areas in case of Light and
Ordinary Hazard Occupancies and 15 m. in case of High
Hazard Occupancies.

7.5.4 Mains shall not be laid under buildings. Where, however,

circumstances necessitate laying of mains under buildings,
prior permission of the Committee shall be obtained and
the portion of mains falling under the buildings shall be
laid in masonry trenches with removable covers and cut-off
valves shall be provided at points of entry and exit. As far
as possible, mains shall not be laid under large open
storages, railroads and roads carrying heavy traffic.

7.5.5 The mains shall not traverse ground that is not under the
control of the owner of the installation nor under a public
roadway. The Tariff Advisory Committee may, at their
discretion, relax this requirement in extenuating
circumstances.

7.5.6 The system shall be capable of withstanding for two hours

a pressure equivalent to 150 % of the maximum working
pressure. While hydro-testing inclusion of cut-off valves in
the mains to be tested should be avoided.

7.5.7 All boltholes in flanges shall be drilled. The drilling of

each flange shall be in accordance with the relevant Indian
Standards.
7.5.8 Flanges shall be faced and have jointing of rubber insertion
or asbestos compound.

7.5.9 Fittings installed underground shall be of cast iron `heavy'

grade conforming to IS: 1538 or BS: 1641 whereas those
installed above ground shall normally be of `Medium'
grade wrought steel or mild steel conforming to IS: 1239
Part II or malleable iron fittings conforming to IS: 1879,
parts I to X.

7.5.10 Mains shall be laid in rings (excepting as specified to N.B

4 below) and their sizes shall be as per Tables 3 & 3A but
the size of the initial pipe shall not, in any case, be less
than the internal diameter of the delivery outlet of the
pump.
TABLE – 3
(FOR LIGHT HAZARD OCCUPANCIES)
HYDRANTS

OF MAINS
SYSTEM
WHOLE

% AGE OF ALL MAINS

IN THE

NO. OF

(MM)

SIZE

INCLUDING TERMINAL
MAINS AND RISERS *

1 to 20 100 100 %
21 to 55 125 45 %
100 55 %
56 to 100 125 60 %
100 40 %

TABLE - 3 A
(FOR ORDINARY HAZARD OCCUPANCIES)
HYDRANTS

OF MAINS
SYSTEM
WHOLE

% AGE OF ALL MAINS

IN THE

NO. OF

(MM)

SIZE

INCLUDING TERMINAL
MAINS AND RISERS *
 01 to 05 100 100 %

06 to 20 125 40 %
100 60 %

21 to 55 150 20 %
125 35 %
100 45 %
56 to 100 150 25 %
125 40 %
100 35 %

Exceeding 100 See NB – 3 (a) and 3 (b) hereunder

* 80 mm diameter terminal and/or riser mains shall be

taken as 100 mm diameter mains for this purpose.

NOTES -

1) In calculating the number of hydrants in the system, a

double headed hydrant shall be counted as two, a fixed
monitor of 63 mm size having nozzle bore of 32 mm
shall be counted as three, a fixed monitor of 75 mm
size having nozzle bore of 38 mm shall be counted as
four and a fixed monitor of 100 mm size having nozzle
bore of 45 mm as six hydrant points.

In case of Oil Refineries, Petrochemical complexes or

other risks, where double headed hydrants are used
throughout the system so that the total number of
hydrants (counting a double headed hydrant as two
hydrants) is about double the number of hydrants
required as per the general requirements of this
Manual, a double headed hydrant may be regarded as a
single hydrant only.

2) For High Hazard occupancies, the hydrant system

shall be hydraulically so designed that when half the
aggregate pumping capacity is being discharged at the
farthest/hydraulically most remote point and the other
half in the most vulnerable area enroute, a minimum
 running pressure of 5.25 kg/sq. cm is available at the
former point and the rate of flow of water does not
exceed 5 m/second anywhere in the system.

In case the hydraulically most remote point is the area

determining the fire pump capacity, the entire
aggregate pumping capacity shall be considered as
being discharged at this point at a minimum running
pressure of 5.25 kg/cm2 and the hydrant system shall
be so designed that the rate of flow of water does not
exceed 5 m/second anywhere in the system.

In case the hydraulically most remote point happens to

be light/ordinary hazardous, pressure requirement at
this point can be restricted to 3.5 kg/cm 2. However
pressure available at the high hazard area immediately
preceding the ordinary/light hazard area must be 5.25
kg/sq. cm.

3) For Light and Ordinary Hazard Occupancies having

more than 55 points, either of the following methods
may be followed -

a) The hydrant service be constituted of single or

more than one inter-connected hydrant systems,
each with its individual pump set according to
Table 2 and water supplies equivalent to the
aggregate requirements of the number of pump
sets installed.

b) A single hydrant system may be installed

provided, it is hydraulically designed (where the
highest hydrant is located more than 20 m above
ground level, pre calculated systems shall not be
accepted) as per the parameters indicated in N.B.
2 above, except that minimum running pressure
shall be 3.5 kg/sq. cm. Instead of 5.25 kg/sq. cm
(minimum diameter of the pipe used in the ring
mains shall however not be less than 100 mm).

4) In the case of riser mains in storeyed buildings and in

locations where it is not feasible to lay a ring main, a
terminal main may be provided, but in no case shall
 the number of hydrants on such terminal mains exceed
5.

A terminal main of 80 mm diameter shall not feed

more than one hydrant, that having a diameter of 100
mm shall not feed more than two hydrants, that having
a diameter of 125 mm shall not feed more than three
hydrants and a main of 150 mm shall not feed more
than five hydrants.

The Committee may, at their discretion, permit more

than five hydrants on riser mains of storeyed
structures.

5) In case of systems designed on the basis of pressure

loss calculations, the piping routes selected along with
‘nodal point’ commemorating with the pressure loss
calculation sheets should be distinctly marked in the
drawing.

7.5.11 Cut-off (Isolating) valves are necessary to obtain the best

possible pressure at the seat of fire as they enable a
damaged portion of the installation to be isolated whilst
full pressure is available throughout the remainder. These
valves are distributed according to the general layout of the
installation and not according to fixed rules. For this
reason, the proposed position of these valves shall have the
prior approval of the Committee.

Cut-off valves shall conform to IS: 780, PN 1.0/IS: 2906,

Class 2 or AP9600 in case of Cast Steel Valves of class
150.

NOTES -
1. In case of system having working pressure in excess of
7 kg/cm2 PN- 1.6 rating would be necessary for valves
conforming to IS: 780 and Class 3 for those
conforming to IS: 2906. Cast Steel valves of class 150
are, however, acceptable irrespective of the working
pressure of the system.

2. Other types of valves like rising spindle valves may be

used, subject to prior approval of the Committee.
 3. Butterfly valves also can be accepted subject to the
condition that the valves of diameter exceeding 150
mm shall necessary be of gear operated.

7.5.12 All cut-off valves shall be of the right-hand type and

enclosed in properly constructed surface box, at least 1 m 2
so as to allow for broken joints being easily remade. The
top of the surface box shall be 80 mm above ground level,
except where it is locate on a road. Valve wheels shall
have an arrowhead engraved or cast thereon showing
direction for turning `open' and `close'.

7.5.13 It is recommended that the position of the surface box be

indicated by an iron plate painted `fire red' with distinct
lettering. Such plates shall also show the `open' and `close'
direction as cast or indicated on the valves and the serial
no. of the sluice valve also should be indicated.

7.5.14 In case of installations in earthquake prone zones, some

form of flexible couplings approved by the Committee
shall be used for jointing purposes.

7.6 HYDRANTS/FIXED MONITORS:

7.6.1 Water shall be available immediately to all hydrants/fixed

monitors at all times, with all cut-off valves being kept
open. Before final inspection the hydrant system shall be
flushed thoroughly.

7.6.2 Connections for any purpose other than fire fighting are not
permitted from the hydrant/fixed monitor/stand post or
from any portion of the hydrant service.

7.6.3 Except where impracticable, all hydrant outlets shall be

situated 1 m. above ground level.

7.6.4 The stand posts shall be 80 mm in diameter for single

headed hydrants. 100 mm for double-headed hydrants and
monitors of 63 mm or 75 mm size and 150 mm for monitor
of 100 mm size. It is recommended that stand posts be
painted `fire red' (shade No.536 as per IS:5) and numbered
for easy identification.
7.6.5 Permission to install hydrants below ground level will be
given in very special cases only. Where such permission
has been given, the hydrants shall be properly enclosed in a
surface box of cast iron or masonry 750 mm square and 80
mm above ground level, the top of he hydrant outlet being
not more than 80 mm below the top of the box.

7.6.6 Only oblique hydrants conforming to IS: 5290 of Type A

with outlets angled towards ground shall be used. The
hydrant couplings shall be of gun metal/stainless steel of
the instantaneous spring-lock (female) type of 63 mm
diameter and valves shall be of the screw down type.

Branch pipe/nozzle of monitor shall be of gun metal/

stainless steel.

N.B - Orifice plates of suitable design may be provided for

hydrants where the pressure exceeds 7 kg. /cm2.

7.6.7 Double-headed hydrant shall consist of two separate

landing valves. A single control valve will not be
permitted.

7.6.8 Hydrants shall be easily accessible, storage of any kind on

or around the hydrant being prohibited. Where hydrants are
situated in remote locations, they shall be approachable by
means of paved pathways.

7.6.9 Hydrants located in situations where they are likely to be

damaged by vehicular traffic shall be suitably protected on
all sides against possible damage.

7.6.10 Hydrants shall be located bearing in mind the attendant fire

hazards at the different sections of the premises to be
protected and so as to give most effective service. They
shall be so distributed as to provide protection for the
buildings on all sides and need not necessarily be
equidistant from each other.

Advantage shall be taken of convenient door and/or

window openings to place hydrants so that only a
minimum length of hose is required to reach the openings
 through which fire may be attacked. In case of continuous
blank walls, suitable provision shall be made on the walls
near hydrant posts for easy access inside the premises.

7.6.11 At least one hydrant post shall be provided for every 60 m

of external wall measurement in case of Light Hazard
Occupancy, for every 45 m in case of Ordinary Hazard
Occupancy and every 30 m of external wall measurement
or perimeter of unit battery limit in case of High Hazard
Occupancy.

Measurements shall be calculated on the total length of

walls of all buildings/perimeter of all battery limits to be
protected except in the case of opposite buildings (other
than those of High Hazard category) within 22.5 m of each
other, where the measurement of the shorter opposing wall
may be omitted.

Further, all hydrants and monitors should be serially

numbered.

NOTE: Notwithstanding the above, hydrants protecting

utilities and miscellaneous buildings in High hazard risks
may be spaced at 45 m.

7.6.12 No building shall be deemed to be protected by a hydrant

unless such hydrant is within 15 m of the building. Where
any part of a building is normally used for storage purpose
or where hazardous processes are carried out, there shall be
two single or one double headed hydrant within 15 m of
the building, the layout being such that two jets of water
can be played simultaneously on the highest point of the
roof.

In case of Buildings/Plants occupied for High Hazard

process or storages, the above-specified distance may be
increased to 22.5 m.

In case of buildings having roofs other than RCC, it is

advisable to provide hydrants at the roof level along with
access staircases in order to fight the fire by breaking open
the roofs, if necessary.
7.6.13 Hydrant heads shall be positioned at distances not less than
2 m from the face of the building or edge of the storage
plot to be protected except in the case of high hazard
occupancies wherein the hydrant heads shall be located not
less than 7.5 m from the face of the building, edge of the
storage plot or from the plant battery limits.

7.6.14 In case where, owing to the size or layout of the building,

or building being divided by internal walls, any point
within the building is at a distance of more than 45 m from
an external fire hydrant, an internal hydrant system shall be
provided so that no portion of the floor is more than 45 m
from an external hydrant or 30 m from an internal hydrant.

In case of large switchyards, where it is not feasible to lay

internal hydrants, alternate hydrants may be replaced by
monitors of suitable size.

N.B: Distance of 45 m indicated above shall be increased

to 60 m for light hazard occupancies and reduced to 30 m
for high hazard occupancies.

7.6.15 In case of storeyed buildings, satisfactory access shall be

provided to all parts of each floor by means of
incombustible internal or external staircases. Normally, a
minimum of two such staircases will be needed per
compartment, but in case the area of the compartment
exceeds 2,000 sq. m., an additional staircase shall be
provided for every additional 1,500 sq. m. or part thereof.
On the other hand, if a compartment has a floor area of less
than 500 sq. m., one access staircase shall be acceptable.
The access staircases shall be so located that, as far as
possible, no part of each floor is more than 30 m from the
nearest staircase. Where it is not possible to locate the
staircase in the aforesaid manner, the Committee may
suggest alternative methods for protection of such large
upper floors. External access staircases shall be open to
sky.

The staircases shall conform to the following -

7.6.15.1 Internal staircases shall be so located that atleast one of its

enclosing walls is an external wall of the building. A door
 opening shall be provided in this external wall at ground
floor level. The enclosing walls shall be of brick work
atleast 230 mm thick or reinforced concrete atleast 100 mm
thick carried through and atleast 450 mm above the roof of
the building, unless the roof is of jack arch or reinforced
concrete construction in which case the walls need be
carried upto the roof only. Every opening from the staircase
to any portion of the building or to a roof used as a floor
shall be fitted with a single fireproof door.

N.B: The above rule will not apply to buildings, the upper
floors of which are occupied by offices, air washer plants,
rest rooms, cloak rooms, canteen and the like.

7.6.15.2 External staircases without side covering need not have

openings at each floor level protected by single fireproof
doors. However, if external staircases are enclosed, they
shall be considered equivalent to internal staircases.

NOTE: There shall be no equipment within 2 m of the

staircases and/or its landings.

7.6.15.3 Staircases shall be not less than 750 mm clear width with
treads not less than and risers not more than 200 mm and
under not circumstances shall the staircase have an
inclination of more than 60 degrees to the horizontal.

NOTE: Iron rung ladders or spiral staircases shall not be

acceptable.

7.6.15.4 In the case of enclosed staircases, all windows therein

falling within 3 m of any other openings in the building
shall normally be protected by wired glass in steel
framework in accordance with the Committee's regulations.
Conversely, in the case of open-sided staircases, window
and door openings of the building falling within 3 m of the
staircase shall normally be protected by wired glass in steel
framework and single fireproof door respectively in
accordance with the Committee's regulations.

NOTE: The latter part of this rule shall not apply to

buildings, which are essentially open sided.
7.6.15.5 Exits to the access staircases shall always be kept open
during working hours. During non-working hours, the
exits may be locked from the staircase side only. Locks of
all exits shall have one master key, which shall be available
either at the main gate, or any other prominent and easily
accessible location known to the fire fighting personnel.
Alternatively, the key shall be kept in a glass-fronted box
or in the hose box on the staircase landing.

7.6.15.6 A hydrant shall be provided on every floor landing which

shall not be less than 1.5 m x 1 m. The mains feeding the
landing hydrants shall be provided with a cut-off valve at
ground level (also see N.B.4 under rule 7.5.10 and rule
7.7.3.3)

7.6.16 Specific requirements for provisions of monitors in plant

areas -

7.6.16.1 Tall columns, structure, towers and equipment where it

may not be possible to provide access staircases with
hydrants on landing thereof as per rule 7.6.15, will be
considered as protected by hydrants at ground level,
provided they are less than 15 m in height. When the
height exceeds 15 m, the concerned hydrants shall be
replaced by monitors.

7.6.16.2 Alternate hydrants for protection of loading unloading

bays, rail/truck gantries shall be replaced by water/foam
monitors.

7.6.17 PROTECTION OF BASEMENTS:

7.6.17.1 Staircases/ramps shall provide access to all parts of the

basement directly from the outside of the building at
ground level. The number and location of the
staircases/ramps shall be such that no part of the basement
is more than 45 metres from the nearest staircase/ramp.

7.6.17.2 It is recommended that the staircase/ramp be provided with

emergency lighting facilities. Where maintenance of
illumination depends upon changing from one energy
source to another, there shall be no appreciable interruption
of illumination during changeover. Where emergency
 lighting is provided by means of electric generator, a delay
of not more than 10 seconds shall be permitted for
changeover.

Emergency lighting facilities shall be arranged to maintain

proper illumination for a period of one-and-a-half hours in
the event of lighting failures.

The Emergency lighting system shall be so arranged as to

provide sufficient illumination automatically in the event of
any interruption of normal lighting.

7.6.17.3 One landing valve shall be provided for each

staircase/ramp at each basement level in addition to the
provision of a hydrant at the ground level.

7.6.17.4 Proper drainage facility shall be provided to drain the fire-

fighting water out of the basement.

7.6.18 Storage of material in the open shall be protected as under -

Metals, Metallic One single hydrant for every 60 m

goods, Machinery of storage periphery located
and other non- beyond 2 m but within 15 m of
hazardous storage storage area.

Coal or Coke One single hydrant for every 45 m

of storage periphery located
beyond 2 m but within 15 m of
storage area.

Other storages One double hydrant for every 45 m

of the storage periphery located
beyond 2 m, but within 22.5 m of
storage area.

NOTES -

1. In the case of open storage areas of following

materials, at least 50 % of hydrant shall be replaced by
fixed monitors having nozzle bore of 38 mm diameter
 if the individual stack height is more than 6 m and
total storage exceeds 5,000 tonnes -

BAMBOO, BAGASSE, GRASS/HAY AND TIMBER

2. Where hydrants/monitors located along one longer

side of a storage area are more than 90 m from those
along the other longer side, reference shall be made to
the committee.

7.6.19 Hydrants for the protection of combustible/flammable

liquid storage tanks shall be located beyond 15 m, but
within 35 m of tank shell as specified below -

DIAMETER OF TANK NO. OF HYDRANTS

Tanks upto 10 m dia. One double headed or two

single headed hydrants.
Tanks above 10 m but Two double headed or four
upto 20 m dia. single headed hydrants.
Tanks above 20 m dia. Three double headed or six
single headed hydrants.

NOTES -

1. In case tanks are located more than 22.5 m from the

dyke walls, one double hydrant or two single hydrants
shall be replaced by a 38 mm monitor. (Every alternate
monitor should be a foam monitor and a minimum of
one such foam monitor should be provided)

2. For the tanks located more than 45 m from the dyke

walls, in addition to the monitor(s), the tanks shall be
protected by Fixed Foam/Medium Velocity Water
Spray System (Manual/Automatic) complying with the
Committee's rules.

3. Hydrants/Monitors shall not be installed within dyked

enclosures nor can the hydrant main pass through it.
 4. Floating roof storage tanks and floating-cum-fixed
storage tanks exceeding 30m in diameter and fixed
roof storage tanks containing products having flash
point below 32o C shall be considered as hydrant
protected only if, supplementary medium velocity
water spray system or fixed/semi fixed foam system
(either automatic or manually operated) conforming to
regulations is also provided.

In case of foam system, there shall be additional

protection by water spray system in the form of a ring
along the top edge of the vertical face of the tank.
Other than dispensing with additional rings, the
supplementary water spray protection shall comply
with Committee’s regulations.

5. Insulated tanks shall also be provided with M.V. Water

Spray Protection.

6. No water spray protection is required for ammonia

spheres/tanks.

7. Cryogenic storage tanks and double walled tanks shall

be treated on par with the insulated tanks. However,
metallic roof of the double walled tanks (RCC or
otherwise) will need to be protected with M.V. Water
Spray System (mandatory) at a rate of 3 lpm/m 2 for the
roof portion only.

8. Adequate provision shall be made to promptly and

effectively dispose off all liquids from the fire areas
during operation of fire protection systems in such
areas.

7.6.20 For protection of spheres/bullets, hydrants/monitors shall

be located beyond 15 m but within 35 m of the shell of the
spheres/bullets. The number of hydrants/monitors shall be
governed by the water capacity of the bullets/spheres as
specified hereunder -

WATER CAPACITY NO. OF HYDRANTS

 Upto 50 m3 Three single hydrants (or one
single + Two double headed
hydrants)

Above 50 m3 but One monitor + two single (or one

upto 150 m3 double headed hydrants)

Above 150 m3 Two monitors + four single

hydrants (or two double headed
hydrants)

NOTES –

1. Supplementary protection of bullets/spheres by

medium velocity water spray system (either automatic
or manually operated) conforming to regulations is
mandatory.

2. Hydrant/monitor shall not be installed within dyked/-

fenced enclosures nor can hydrant mains pass through
such enclosures.

7.7 HOSE PIPES AND NOZZLES -

7.7.1 In the case of yard hydrants, hose pipes and nozzles shall
be installed either in central hose stations which shall be of
the type illustrated in figure no. 12 (which enables the
condition and quantity of hose, nozzles, etc. to be checked
over at a glance and ensures that other useful equipment is
ready at hand in the event of a fire) or near each hydrant in
glass fronted hose boxes of suitable design.

N.B. Locations and number of hose stations will depend

upon several factors such as fire loads, accessibility and
positions of watch posts. Prior approval of the Committee
shall, therefore, be obtained regarding locations of the hose
stations before they are constructed.

7.7.2 In case of hydrants on upper floors or internal hydrants,

hosepipes and nozzles shall necessarily be installed near
each hydrant in glass fronted hose boxes of suitable
design.
7.7.3 REQUIREMENTS OF HOSE PIPES:

7.7.3.1 If hose is kept in central hose stations, for each of the first
ten hydrants in the compound of the premises (a double
headed hydrant counting as two except where they are
provided as a standard practice throughout the system), two
lengths of hose 15 m each and an additional 15 m length
for each hydrant in excess of ten, shall be provided.

NOTE: In case of system having more than 55 hydrant

outlets, the total number of hose lengths required may be
limited to 55 plus 20 percent of the number of hydrant
outlets in excess of 55. Where a fire engine is maintained
on the premises manned by a whole time fire brigade, the
number of hose, pipes required (including those on the
engine) would be 55 plus 10 percent of the number of
outlets in excess of 55.

7.7.3.2 If hose is kept in hose boxes alongside hydrants, each box

shall contain two lengths of 15 m each.

7.7.3.3 For use with each hydrant on staircase landing or with each
internal hydrant, two lengths of hose 7.5 m shall be
provided. In case of basement hydrants, two lengths of
hose 15 m shall be provided.

7.7.3.4 All hoses shall be of 63 mm diameter of either of the

following types -

i) Unlined flax canvas complying with Indian

Standard IS: 4927.

ii) Rubber lined woven-jacketed complying with

Type A (Reinforced Rubber lined) of Indian Standards
IS: 636.

iii) Controlled Percolation type complying with

Indian Standards IS: 8423.

7.7.3.5 Ordinary rubber lined woven-jacketed hose complying

with the specification of Type B of Indian Standards IS:
636 may be permitted to be used in lieu of the above upto a
 maximum of 50 % of the total hose requirements of the
hydrant system.

7.7.3.6 All couplings shall be of the instantaneous spring-lock type

and the nozzles shall be of not less than 16 mm in diameter,
nor more than 25 mm in diameter except in case of high
hazard occupancies where the maximum nozzle diameter
may be 32 mm subject to the approval of the Committee.
All couplings, branch pipes and nozzles shall be of
gunmetal or stainless steel and shall otherwise comply with
IS: 903, 1984.

7.7.3.7 Hose shall be attached to the coupling (other than of ferrule

type) in the following manner -

Each half of the coupling shall have two 5 mm diameter

holes drilled in the tail. The hose shall be first fixed to the
tail of the coupling with copper rivets then served or bound
with 1.5 mm galvanised mild steel or copper wire for a
length of 50 mm which will extend to the outer ends of the
grooving on the coupling tail over the galvanised mild steel
or copper wire a leather or equally protective band shall be
bound with four strands of 1.12 mm galvanised mild steel
or copper wire at each end of the band. The protective
band shall be carried beyond the tail of the coupling to
prevent leaking.

Copper wire, if used, shall be softened before being used.

Couplings attached to the hose otherwise than by copper

rivets shall not be accepted, as they are apt to become
dislodged under pressure.

7.7.3.8 Spare hose to the extent of 10 percent of the above

requirements, with a minimum quantity of 30 m shall be
always kept readily available. Such spare hose shall also
be in 15-m lengths, readily attached to couplings.

NOTE: In calculating the number of lengths of hose

required under the above scale, any fraction of a number
shall be counted as one.
7.7.3.9 It is recommended that a system of marking and numbering
hose be arranged so that the various lengths are easily
recognisable.

7.7.3.10 In central hose stations and hose boxes a tin containing a

set of spare rubber rings packed in french chalk shall be
kept.

7.7.3.11 Central hose stations and hose boxes shall be so arranged

that hose is not exposed to the sunrays.

7.7.3.12 All central hose stations or hose boxes, when provided with
locks shall have one master key which shall be available
either at the main gate or any other prominent and easily
accessible location known to the fire fighting personnel.

7.7.4 REQUIREMENTS OF NOZZLES:

7.7.4.1 The number of nozzles to be provided shall be equivalent

to half the number of hose pipes installed on the premises.

7.7.4.2 In locations where a jet of water directed from a normal

type nozzle is likely to cause more harm than good or
where a gentle spray of water is essential for the
extinguishment of a fire, a fog type or a spray type of
nozzle complying with IS: 2871 shall be used.

7.7.4.3 Spare nozzles to the extent of 10 % of the above

requirements, with a minimum of two, shall always be kept
readily available.

7.8 FOAM COMPOUND:

Foam systems shall conform to NFPA 11 and 11A, 16A
and/or relevant BIS specifications-IS: 12835 or LPC rules
for Foam Systems. The stock of foam compound to be
maintained shall be equivalent to at least two times the
requirement of the tank needing maximum quantity of
foam. Foam Compound shall be chemically neutral (PH 6.5
to 7.5)

7.9 FIRE FIGHTING PERSONNEL:

7.9.1 As the efficiency of a hydrant service and/or of internal
appliances depends upon the manner and speed with which
they are brought into use and the ability with which the
effort is directed, a squad consisting of watch and ward
personnel, fire pump men and departmental supervisors
and/or operatives trained in the operation of the fire service
shall be maintained on the premises round the clock. The
number of personnel constituting the squad shall
necessarily depend upon the size of the risk, but in no case
shall be less than eight trained persons be available at any
time during the day or night. Minimum number of trained
persons required may be further reduced to six in case of
automatic pressurised hydrant systems.

7.9.2 Squad leaders shall preferably be recognised government

institution trained and their usefulness would be
considerably enhanced if they reside on the premises.

7.9.3 Squad personnel shall be provided with clothing and

equipment including helmets, belts and boots, preferably
gumboots.

7.9.4 A muster roll showing the duties allocated to each member

of the brigade shall be prepared and copies supplied to each
squad leader as well as pasted in convenient places
throughout the premises, so as to be quickly available for
reference in case of emergency.

7.9.5 Practice drills shall take place weekly and it is a condition

of the approval by the Committee to the discount for
hydrant service that wet drills shall be carried out at
intervals of not more than a fort-night and that the entire
squad on duty shall turn out during the visits of the
committee’s Inspectors.
7.9.6 During wet drills, hydrants (including those of upper
floors), hose pipes and nozzles, shall be taken into use in
rotation so that the efficacy of these appliances would be
automatically checked and any defects observed, set
right.

7.9.7 A register shall be kept as per Appendix V showing details

of all practices and defects, if any, reported in the
 installation. This register shall be open to examination by
the Committee’s Inspectorate.

7.9.8 The services of the pump man (see 7.10.1.1.1) could be

profitably utilised for the maintenance of all fire fighting
appliances (including hand appliances - See 4.1.5.1.1). He
shall also be thoroughly conversant with the locations of all
appliances, particularly of hydrant cut-off valves so that in
an eventuality he would be of assistance to the
factory’s fire brigade or the Town’s fire brigade.

7.9.9 Keys of all doors in the factory premises shall always be

available at the main gate.

7.9.10 It is recommended that fire pump room(s) and the main

gate(s) of all factory premises be connected to all
manufacturing sections through the internal telephone
system. Telephones interlinked to this system may
also be put up in proper cubicles at convenient locations
near godown ranges and other strategic points. This would
effect saving of valuable time in an emergency to alert the
fire fighting personnel and the pump man.

7.10 MAINTENANCE:

7.10.1 PUMPS:

7.10.1.1 GENERAL:

7.10.1.1.1 A trained pump man (see 7.9.8) shall be available on all

shifts and at all hours of the day and night to operate the
pumps as and when required.

7.10.1.1.2 Pump sets shall be run for atleast five minutes every day.

7.10.1.1.3 The level of water in the priming tank shall be checked

daily to ensure that the foot valve of the pump is not
leaking.

7.10.1.1.4 All pump glands shall be maintained in efficient working

condition and the packing renewed as required to maintain
efficiency.
 7.10.1.1.5 Suction and delivery valves shall be examined once every
six months, particularly where sand or other objectionable
matter is liable to be drawn through the pump suction.

7.10.1.1.6 All working parts shall be kept clean and lightly oiled as
cleanliness greatly adds to efficiency. Any necessary
repairs shall be put in hand and carried out immediately.

7.10.1.2 STEAM PUMPS:

7.10.1.2.1 The steam cylinders of pumps shall always be kept warm

and efficient draining arrangements provided.

7.10.1.2.2 A minimum of two sets of piston and bucket rings shall be

provided.

7.10.1.2.3 Small parts such as snifting valves, cushioning valves and

petcocks shall have special attention because faults in
these valves cause the pump to knock badly and lose
efficiency.

7.10.1.3 ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN PUMPS:

7.10.1.3.1 The bearing grease cup shall be checked once every week
and refilled with fresh grease, if necessary.

7.10.1.3.2 Starter contacts shall be cleaned once every week.

7.10.1.3.3 Insulation resistance of pump motor circuit shall be

examined once every six months and record of results
shall be maintained.

7.10.2 MAINS:

7.10.2.1 Hydrant mains shall be tested once a fortnight with a

pump delivering at its maximum pressure, with all hydrant
valves closed and, thereafter, a running test with two or
more hose lines each 30 m long operating shall be carried
out. This checks the efficiency of the pump as well as the
tightness of the hydrant mains (See Rule 7.9 also).

7.10.2.2 All cut-off valves shall be operated and oiled, if necessary,

once a month.
7.10.2.3 Cut-off valves shall be thoroughly overhauled annually to
remove sludge and other foreign matter collected in the
valve seating.

7.10.3 HYDRANTS:

7.10.3.1 All hydrants shall be examined systematically once a

week to ensure that valves and spring catches are
maintained in good condition and all brass parts polished.

7.10.3.2 Spare washers shall be kept for hydrant valve seats.

7.10.3.3 It is recommended that the painting of standpoints be

carried out annually.

7.10.4 HOSE PIPES AND NOZZLES:

7.10.4.1 All hose boxes/hose stations shall be inspected externally

once every week to ensure that the equipment installed
therein is intact. Further, the hose boxes/hose stations shall
be cleaned internally and externally once a month.

7.10.4.2 When the hose gets worn out at the tail end of the
coupling(s), it is permissible to cut the end(s) of the hose.
However should the lengths of the hose after cutting(s)
fall below 90 percent of its original, i.e. 15 m or 7.5 m the
hose shall be discarded.

7.10.4.3 A Hose Register shall be kept showing the history of each

length. Information such as date purchased, date brought
into use, date cut (if reduced in length), is useful and a
column shall be provided for remarks by the Committee’s
Inspectors to whose inspection the Hose Register shall be
open.

7.10.4.4 Any hose becoming inefficient through use, neglect or

from any other cause, shall be discarded.

7.10.4.5 Fire protection hose shall not be used for purposes other
than fire protection and drill. All concerns are advised to
keep a supply of cheap hose for watering paths, washing
out or filling boilers, etc. Such hose shall not be mixed
 with fire protection hose but kept in an entirely separate
place.

7.10.4.6 It is recommended that hose couplings and branch pipes

be polished once a fortnight.

7.11 Considerable diversity of practice has been noticed in the

attention paid to the drying and storing of hose and the
following suggestions in this connection shall be
carried out:

After use, hose to be thoroughly washed in clean water

and then thoroughly dried. A rack or some similar
contrivance atleast 10 m high to be provided so that, after
cleaning, hose may be suspended to drain and dry
evenly.

This is to be done in the shade and not in the sunshine so

that the hose is evenly dried inside and out. Care to be
exercised that it is not removed until it is thoroughly dry
in all places. The hose to be then thoroughly brushed with
a hard bristle or wire brush, and re-rolled, care being taken
to choose a dry and clean place whereon to roll it; and
replace in the boxes or hose stations.

Care to be taken after washing that the hose does not

touch the ground, where it might be soiled.

Hose to be rolled up evenly and carefully, the female or

spring coupling end being in the centre. In this manner
the spring clips, when grasped one in each hand, form a
`reel’ and the hose can be quickly run out in the event of
fire. OR ALTERNATIVELY

The hose to be doubled in the centre of its length and

rolled up evenly from the fold. Both the Male and Female
couplings will then be on the outside of the roll. This
permits the nozzle being attached to the hose while being
stored in readiness for use, and the hose runs out without
twisting.
7.11 MEASURES TO BE TAKEN WHERE THE
INSTALLATION IS FOR ANY REASON TEMPORARILY
INOPERATIVE:

7.11.1 Where the installation is expected to remain inoperative for

a period exceeding 24 hours, prior sanction shall be
obtained from the Committee.

7.11.2 If any component of the hydrant system is to be replaced

for any reason whatsoever, the entire system shall not be
rendered inoperative but the particular section only shall be
isolated by closing the necessary cut-off valves. If,
however, it is not possible to complete the replacement
before nightfall, the cut-off valves shall not be left closed
overnight. Instead, blank flanges shall be provided at the
point where the component has been removed so that the
entire system, other than the component, which has been
removed, would remain operative through the
night.

7.11.3 Only one compartment of the reservoir shall be emptied

out at a time of cleaning or repair work.

7.11.4 If the foot valve of the suction line is removed for

cleaning/repairs, it shall, as far as practicable, be replaced
before nightfall.

7.11.5 If the pump is expected to be inoperative for more than 72

hours, every effort shall be made to connect the service
water supply to the hydrant system for the duration the
pump is inoperative.

7.11.6 If the hydrant service is to be extended, the extended

portion shall be first laid and, thereafter, the connection
between the existing system and the extension shall be
carried out expeditiously, so that the entire system is not
left inoperative overnight.

7.12 SPECIAL DISPENSATIONS FOR ELECTRICAL

GENERATING STATIONS, THERMAL/GAS BASED
POWER PANTS.

7.12.1 WATER SUPPLY:

 i) The fore bay supplying water to the thermal
power station fed by canals from perennial water
sources like rivers, rivulets, dams etc. may be accepted
as firewater reservoir provided the availability of 2
hours pumping capacity is ensured.

ii) The cooling water pond (s) may also be accepted

as firewater reservoir provided the availability of 2
hours pumping capacity is ensured.

NOTE: Cooling water basins shall not be acceptable as

equivalent to cooling water ponds.

7.12.2 PUMPS:

The pump duties shall be generally selected as per Table 2

under Rule No.7.4.1.4.1 of FP Manual. However, where
situation warrants, higher capacity pumps not exceeding
410 m3/hr and 88 m head may be acceptable. In order to
achieve the minimum pressure of 3.5 Kg./cm 2 at higher
elevation, booster pump(s) with a capacity of 137 m 3/Hr.,
having requisite rated head may be acceptable.

NOTES

1. The booster pump shall be regarded as a pressure-

compensating device only.

2. A higher capacity booster pump may be stipulated by

the Committee where considered necessary.

3. Booster pump shall be located at ground level only.

Electrically driven booster pump(s) shall in addition to
the normal supply be connected to the emergency
power supply also.

7.12.3 ABOVE GROUND HYDRANT MAINS:

In case of practical difficulties in maintaining the stipulated

distance from the face of the building in case of above
ground over head mains, warranted under demanding
circumstances in specific areas, for example between
Boiler House and TG Building and between Transformer
 and T.G. Building, the same may be permitted provided
the mains installed in such areas form part of sub-ring only.

7.12.4 STAIRCASES FOR STOREVED TG HALL/BOILER

HOUSE/MILL BAY:

The staircase shall be distributed as far as possible along

four sides of the building. The number of staircases shall
be such that no part of such floor is more than 45 m from
the nearest staircase.

At least 50 % of the number of staircases thus arrived at

shall conform to Rules 7.6.15.1, 7.6.15.2 and 7.6.15.3. The
remaining staircases shall be preferably located along the
periphery of the building, but need not necessarily be
separated as per regulations.

7.12.5 RULE 7.7.3.3 REQUIREMENT OF HOSE PIPES IN

T.G.HALL/BOILLER HOUSE/MILL BAY:

For use with each hydrant on staircase landing two lengths

of hoses 15 m each and a nozzle with attached branch pipe
shall be provided in hose box alongside each landing valve.

+++++++++
8. HYDRANT PROTECTION OF COTTON GIN & PRESS FACTORIES

8.18 RESERVOIR:

The construction and location of the reservoir shall be as

indicated in rule 7.3. The effective capacity (above the
level of the foot valve seat) shall be equivalent to 2 hours’
installed pumping capacity.
8.28 PUMPS:

8.2.1 Pumps shall be direct-coupled. However, existing belt-

driven pumps may be accepted at the discretion of the
Committee.
8.2.2 The Pumps shall be capable of delivering not less than 19
LPS at a head of 70 m. Where, however, the number of
hydrants in the system exceeds 55; the pump capacity shall
be not less than 38 litres/second.
8.2.3 The pump shall be so located as to be both easily accessible
and where any falling masonry and the like from other
buildings, occasioned by fire or other cause, cannot damage
the pump room. The pump room shall be located 6 m away
from all surrounding buildings, overhead structures and
storages in the open.
8.2.4 Rules 7.4.1.6, 7.4.18, 7.4.1.9 and 7.4.1.12 shall be
complied with.
8.2.5 Electric supply to the fire pump shall comply with rule
7.4.3.
NOTE: In case of steam-driven pump, adequate steam
supply to drive the pump at its duty shall be constantly
maintained during the whole of the working season.
8.3 MAINS:
8.3.1 Mains shall be of Cast Iron, galvanised iron or mild steel
and be laid underground.
8.3.2 The mains shall be laid in loops around the Gin & Press
houses.
8.3.3 All loops and feeder mains shall be of 100 mm bore but
branch mains may be of 80 mm bore.

N.B. - The Committee may insist on larger sized mains

where deemed necessary.
8.4 HYDRANTS:
8.4.1 Rules 7.6.3, 7.6.4, 7.6.6, 7.6.7, and 7.6.8 shall be complied
with.
8.4.2 Location of the hydrants shall be as under -
8.4.2.1 There shall be a minimum of three hydrants within 3 m of
Gin house and of Press house.
8.4.2.2 There shall be minimum of two hydrants within 15 m of
Godown or sheds used for storing cotton or Kappas.
8.4.2.3 For open storage, hydrants shall be distributed in such a
way that any portion of the storage is protected by atleast
two hydrants at a distance not exceeding 35 m.

N.B. If the compounds are only partially used for storage of

cotton and/or kappas, the owner shall declare the area he
proposes for storage for determining the fire protection
thereof.

In this case, the portion reserved for storage shall be

demarcated by a wired fencing and a plan thereof shall be
lodged with the Committee.

8.5 HOSE PIPES AND NOZZLES:

One 63 mm diameter hosepipe of 15 m length and one

nozzle of 20 mm diameter with its attached branch pipe
shall be provided in a suitable hose box alongside each
hydrant.

8.6 FIRE-FIGHTING STAFF:

A minimum of six trained personnel shall be available at

all times. Apart from the above, three night watchmen
shall also be available on the premises.
 ++++++++++

9. MUTUAL AID SCHEME

SCOPE: (Meant for plants other than petrochemical plants,

petroleum Refineries and LPG Bottling Plants).

9.1 MEMBERSHIP

Membership should be of two or more industrial plants,

warehouses and public utilities.

9.2 GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE:

The coverage shall be as follows -

a) Not exceeding 16 kM. for Light Hazard risks

b) Not exceeding 12 kM for Ordinary hazard risks
c) Not exceeding 10 kM for High hazard (A) risks

If the concerned risks are of different categories, least of

the distances must be considered.

N.B. Add 4 km to actual distances for each of the Railway

Crossing encountered.

9.3 SECRETARIAT AND COMMUNICATION.

9.3.1 There shall be a full time permanent Secretary having a

back ground in fire fighting relevant to the types of
industries included in the scheme with a permanent
office and necessary staff.

9.3.2 The member industries should mutually evolve an

effective liaison and communication system.

9.3.3 Direct Telephone/Radio Communication/wired

alarm/siren system be provided subject to prior approval
 of the Committee. Call procedures be laid down and
frequent trials with such systems would be necessary.

9.4 INDIVIDUAL MEMBERS FIRE FIGHTING

REQUIREMENTS

9.4.1 A hydrant system supplemented by First Aid Appliances

installed in conformity with the FP Manual.

9.4.2 Stock of foam compound as per the provisions of Rule

7.8 of F P Manual if the occupancy of the risk warrants
use of foam and will comply with the requirements of
NFPA-11, 1998.

9.4.3 Not less than 8 trained persons must be available in any

shift out of which 4 shall be full-time fire fighting
personnel.

9.4.4 Fire Explosion accidents must be fully investigated by

the member units and their findings which might be
fruitful and effective in preventing a recurrence should
be made available to other members, which would
benefit all plants without interfering with anyone plants
autonomy.

9.5 ADDITIONAL CAPACITY FOR MUTUAL USE:

In the event of outbreak of fire, the members of mutual

laid scheme should be able to supplement in the shortest
possible time, the resources of the affected plant, to the
extent given below -

9.5.1 Mobile fire fighting capacity by a motor fire engine of

400 gpm capacity at 7 kg/cm2.

9.5.2 In case the occupancy of any one of the signatories to

the scheme warrants the application of foam compound
shall be provided to the extent of 25 % of the
requirements of such plant.

N.B. In case, the occupancy of more than one risk

warrants, the use of foam, the stock to be maintained
 shall be 25 % of the requirement of the risk needing
larger stock of foam.

9.6 OTHER REQUIREMENTS:

9.6.1 Fire explosion safety of the plant and extensions should

preferably be checked every six months, but at least
annually using an audit system and utilising check lists
where appropriate.

9.6.2 Practice drills should be arranged once in three months

(each time in different units) to familiarise those
concerned with the actions expected of them, and at the
same time testing the equipment available in each unit.

9.6.3 Deployment of personnel to an affected plant from other

members of the scheme should not be subject to any
constraints arising out of staff problems.

9.7 INTERCHANGEABILITY OF EQUIPMENT

9.7.1 To the extent possible, individual plants should follow

such standard in the purchase of equipment to have free
Interchangeability. Where this is not practical, suitable
adapter pieces must be kept in readiness for hooking of
un-interchangeable equipment.

9.7.2 Each risk should maintain a sensible policy and not strip
itself of equipment, which it might need in the case of
trouble in its own property which may be simultaneous
with a disaster elsewhere.

+++++++++++ +
 APPENDIX I

The Secretary,
Tariff Adv. Committee
New Delhi

Dear Sir,
APPLICATION FOR FIRE EXTINGUISHING
APPLIANCES (S) DISCOUNT

(Risk)

Please sanction, as from date of receipt by you of this application, a

Discount of.……% for the following Extinguishing Appliances :-
Applying to Buildings -
(The occupation floor wise and block Nos. of each building must be
clearly stated).
I/We enclose plan of the risk with all details marked thereon.
I/We certify that to the best of my/our knowledge and belief the
appliances referred to have been installed in strict accordance with the
rules of the Committee and I/We also certify that the Plan submitted is
drawn up in accordance with the Committee's Rules and is correct and up-
to-date.
I/We also certify that a copy of the Plan exact in every detail, is available
for the Committee's Inspector's use at the Mill (or premises above referred
to).
I/We enclose full particulars of the appliances available together with
letter of Guarantee signed by the Assured.
I am (We are),
Yours faithfully
___________________________________________________________
__
For use of the Committee only.
Date received:
Date inspected:
Inspector's comments:
Discount sanctioned:
Date of Minutes
Reference Number:
Inspector

APPENDIX II

The Secretary,
Regional office

Dear Sir,
GUARANTEE REGARDING FIRE EXTINGUISHING APPLIANCES

In consideration of your Committee granting a Discount for the Fire

Extinguishing Appliances detailed on attached/signed form which we
have installed in the.............................. situated
at . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .
I/We hereby engage ourselves --
1. To maintain and upkeep the said appliances in efficient working order and
where such appliances and Committee’s Rules require the upkeep of a
trained Fire Brigade, to maintain such Brigade to its full numbers in an
efficient state.
2. To advise the Committee and first obtain permission should at any time it be
necessary to close down supply to pumps or in any way render the appliances
out of operation for repairs, overhaul, etc.
3. Not to extend, alter or demolish protected Buildings or to erect new
Buildings in the compound of the premises without supplying the Committee
with a revised plan or revising the plan filed with the Committee.
4. To keep at the above-described premises a copy, exact in every detail, of the
plan supplied to your Committee, same to be available to the Committee's
Inspector during his visits of inspection.
5. Not to re-number (or re-letter) Buildings, Compartments, etc., as
recorded on the plan filed with the Committee without advising the
Committee of such revision.
 I am (We are),

Yours faithfully,
Note: All communications to the Committee must be through the
Leading Office on the risk.

The Space for the use of the Committee only,

Date from which sanctioned
Reference Number
Remarks
Minutes of

APPENDIX III

DETAILS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS APPLIANCES

AVAILABLE AT _____________________________ (Name

of Risk)

DETAILS OF BUCKETS, EXTINGUISEHRS AND HAND

APPLIANCES

Extinguishers/Hand Pumps
Area Number
Dept
(sq.m of Manufacturer'
t. Numbe Type Cap.
) Buckets s
r
Name

SMALL BORE HOSE REELS -

1. Name of manufacturer
2. Material Diameter and Length
3. Diameter of Nozzle
4. Source of Supply - State whether a non – stop supply is
available

Size Maximum distance

Dept. Number
(Length x of any point of the
of
Breadth) room from nearest
Reels
hose reel.

WATER SUPPLY (IES) -

A. Underground Reservoir -

1. Capacity in litres.

2. Whether lined or not

3. Division if any and interconnections

between them

4. Capacities (in litres) of connected

tanks (elevated or otherwise)

a)

b)

c) .

d) Net effective capacity available for

fire pumps

5. Sources of inflow to the underground

reservoir whether lakes, rivers, wells,
town's mains etc.
 6. Aggregate inflow in litres per minute
(with nipple position of inflow,
overflow and normal water level.

7. In case of inflow from town's mains,

indicate size of inflow pipe and size of
meter, and also state whether the
supply is continuous of intermittent.

B. Elevated Sprinkler Tank(s).

1. Number of tanks.

2. Capacities in litres and height in metre

of base from ground level

3. Height in metre of highest Sprinklered

building.

C. Pressure Tank(s)

1. Location of tank.

2. Capacity in litres

3. Quantity of water contained in litres.

4. Air Pressure.

PUMP (S).

A. Hydrant Pump(s) (Full Nameplate details)

1. Type(s)

2. Make(s) and year(s) of manufacture.

3. General Specifications:
 a) Capacity (Lit. /Min.)

b) Pressure gauge, reading at

delivery stops value (Kg/cm2).

c) Sizes of suction and delivery pipes

4. Details of steam pump(s) if applicable -

a) Diameter of steam and water

cylinders and length of stroke.

b) No. of strokes per minute.

c) Diameter of steam pipe and

pressure available at pump end

d) No. of steam boilers in the battery

and working pressure

e) Size of water relief valve on pump

delivery and pressure at which it is
set.

5. Details of electrically driven pump(s) if

applicable -

a) Diameter of pump impeller.

b) Material of which the impeller is

made.

c) Speed in RPM

d) H.P. and Voltage of driving motor,

type of enclosure and class of
winding insulation, Motor full load
current.

e) Details of electric supply -

i) Plan showing locations of

pump house and transformer
sub-station and table for
control logic of pumps.

ii) Circuit diagram of electric

supply to the fire pump(s) with
incoming cable, automatic
 circuit breaker, starting
switchgear, position of voltage
release coil etc.

6. Details of Petrol, Motor spirit or

Compression-ignition Engine Driven
Pump(s) if applicable -

a) Diameter of pump impeller

b) Material of which the impeller is

made

c) Speed and Horse Power of the

engine driving pump(s)

d) Method of starting the engine.

e) Quantity in litres of fuel contained

in the tank and that stored in the
premises.

f) Location and details of batteries,

battery charger and diesel engine
control panel.

B. SPRINKLER PUMP (S)

1. Type(s)

2. Make(s) and year(s) of manufacture

3. General Specifications:

a) Capacity (Lit./min.)

b) Pressure gauge reading at delivery

stop valve (Kg.cm2).

c) Sizes of suction and delivery pipes.

4. Details of steam pump(s), if applicable

-

a) Diameter of steam and water

cylinders and length of stroke.

b) No. of strokes per minute.

 c) Diameter of steam pipe and
pressure available at pump end.

d) No. of steam boilers in the battery

and working pressure.

e) Size of water relief valve on pump

delivery and pressure at which it is
set

5. Details of electrically driven pump(s), if

applicable -

a) Diameter of pump impeller

b) Material of which the impeller is

made.

c) Speed in R.P.M.

d) H.P. and Voltage of driving motor,

type of enclosure and class of
winding insulation.

e) Details of electric supply -

i) Plan showing locations of

direct feeder, pump house and
transformer sub-station.

ii) Circuit diagram of electric

supply to the fire pump(s) with
incoming cable, ACB and
automatic starting mode.

6. Details of Petrol, Motor Spirit or

Compression Ignition Engine Driven
Pump(s), if applicable -

a) Diameter of pump impeller.

b) Material of which the impeller is

made

c) Speed and House Power of the

engine driving pump(s).
 d) Method of starting the engine.

e) Quantity in litres of fuel contained

in the tank and that stored in the
premises.

7. Make and type of automatic regulator.

8. What is the pressure at the level of the

highest sprinkler when the 50mm.
waste valve is fully open?

HYDRANT MAINS

1. Type of underground and/or overhead

mains with method of jointing.

2. Internal diameter of ring main.

3. Internal diameter of terminal mains.

4. To what pressure have the pipes been

tested

HYDRANTS

1. Type and Make.

2. No. of single-headed hydrants

3. No. of double-headed hydrants.

4. No. of upper floor hydrants.

5. Type and diameter of stand pipes -

a) Single headed.

b) Double headed.

6. Are all the coupling inter-changeable?

HOSE

1. Material and Diameter.

2. Manufacturer's Name and Guarantee for
bursting pressure.

3. No. of lengths of 15 m and 7.5 m

respectively.

4. At what pressure the hose has been

tested by the insured.

5. Where is hose kept?

6. No. of branch pipes and nozzles and their

diameters.

SPRINKLER INSTALLATION

1. No. of installation valves and departments

served by each valve.

2. Total load on each installation valve.

3. Type, make and fusing temperature of the

sprinkler heads used.

FIRE FIGHTING PERSONNEL

1. Is the pump man always on duty?

2. Minimum number of trained personnel

available at any time for fire fighting
purposes.

3. Are any means employed to ensure night

watchman going around the risk at regular
intervals?

4. Is there a muster-book for fire drills?

5. How is fire alarm given to fire fighting

personnel?

TESTING OF APPLIANCES

1. How often are the following tested and/or

examined -

a) Sprinkler tank and backpressure

Valves.
 b) Sprinkler and/or hydrant pumps and
their accessories.

c) Sprinkler installation valves.

d) Hydrant installation and valves.

1. Is a record of all tests and defects found

maintained?

LOCAL FIRE BRIGADE

1. How far is the nearest city fire brigade?

2. How can a communication be sent to city

fire brigade?

3. Are the city fire brigade officers familiar

with the risk?

Dated .....20.
Signature..........

(Form to be signed by the Owner of the Premises).

 APPENDIX - IV

CERTIFICATE FROM INSURER'S ENGINEER

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

I hereby confirm that I have verified the portable Fire

Extinguishing Appliances installed at the above risk and found
them to be in accordance with the enclosed list. I also confirm
that the distribution is generally in accordance with the
Committee's requirements, and that the appliances are well
maintained and are being periodically hydro tested as per IS:
2190.

Yours faithfully,
 Signature
Date :

of Works
Manager
Signature
of Fire Name and designation of persons attending the drills
Marshall
FIRE DRILLS REGISTER

Remarks/
Defects
APPENDIX - V

observed
if any
Duration
of
Operatio
n of

Sr. No. ______________

Serial
Nos. of
Hydrants
Operated

___________
Type of
Drill Dry
or Wet

10.

11.
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
NOTE – Squad personnel shall be provided with clothing
and equipment including helmets confirming to IS: 2745 or
IS: 2925, belts and boots preferably gun boots.

APPENDIX - VI

TABLE SHOWING PRESSURES OF WATER IN

Kg/cm2 FOR EVERY METRE IN
HEIGHT UPTO 60 m

Height in Pressure in Height in Pressure in

metres Kg./cm2 meters Kg./cm2

1 0.1 15 1.5

2 0.2 20 2.0

3 0.3 25 2.5

4 0.4 30 3.0

5 0.5 35 3.5

6 0.6 40 4.0

7 0.7 45 4.5

8 0.8 50 5.0

9 0.9 55 5.5

10 1.0 60 6.0

NOTE: - In applying this table the height of the Highest Sprinkler

above the Pressure Gauge must be ascertained and the pressure
to be allowed for such height will be obtained by reference to the
table. For example, if the gauge records a pressure of 4.25
Kg./cm2, and the highest sprinkler is 28 m above the gauge,
there will be a pressure of, say, 1.45 Kg./cm 2 on the highest
sprinkler.