CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 INTRODUCTION
This project deals with the Organization Study conducted in
RashtraDeepikaLtd.,Kottayam. The RashtraDeepika Ltd. Company came into
existence in 1887, and has its Head Office based in Kottayam. The newspaper is
published from 8units in Kerala. Due to time constraints, the study was limited to
the Kottayamdivision.

The Organizational Study was conducted at RashtraDeepikaLtd., Kottayam. This

study helped me to understand the functions, structure, policies and different
procedures of the organization. The main objective of this study was to identify the
functions of various divisions in the organization and also to gain knowledge about
the organizational atmosphere and to find the importance of this industry in the
society.
James Hookes quotes that “MBA students need more than professed values.
They need to know that the world is morally complex and morally dangerous. They
need to know that bad deeds can come from good values. They need to know that
valuing integrity enough to keep one’s hands off other people’s money is only the
beginning, not the end of business ethics.

1.2 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

 The organization study incorporates the structure, products, policies, the

different activities and a SWOT analysis of the organization.

 It also sheds light on the organizational atmosphere and the challenges

and the opportunities of the industry in general.

 This study aims at generating the practical awareness about the

management.

 This study helps to understand different management activities.

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  This study helps to make a comparison between the classroom
knowledge with the real situation in the organization.

 This study helps to interact with the organizational executives of the

company.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

Several attributes such as the activities taking place within a company, how its
different departments function, how these departments are interdependent etc. can be
studied personally, and proves to be of immense value when an actual job is
embarked upon later. It is also essential to know how the different resources of the
company, like money, material, men and machinery are managed by the officials to
achieve the vision of the organization. The objective of this study is to shed light on
these aspects, to understand the functioning of the organization, to obtain firsthand
experience of a managerial job environment and to interact with the people who
manage and ensure the smooth running of the organization.

The main objectives of the study are:

 To familiarize with the business organization.
 To familiarize with different departments in the organization and their
functioning.
Specific objectives include:
 To relate theory with practice.
 To understand how key business practices are carried out in the organization.
 To understand how information is used in the organization for decision
making at various levels.
 To understand the organizational structure.

1.4 REASONS FOR SELECTING THE COMPANY

 Deepika is one of the first Newspapers published in Malayalam.
 It is one of the most reputed and diversified newspaper among Keralites.

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  RashtraDeepika is the ultimate word when it comes to expert journalism, and
the company has more than a century of experience in the industry, making it
a perfect choice for doing an Organizational Study.
 Every year the company is having a good sales turnover.
1.5 STUDY PLAN
The study was for a period of one month.
First week
The first week was spent in the production department and editorial department
where the trainee collected information about the various production and
editorial details.
Second week
In the second week, the study was concentrated on collecting data from the
marketing and circulation department.
Third week
During the third week, the trainee visited and collected data from the following
departments:
a) Administrative
b) Human Resource
Fourth week
During the last week, the trainee reviewed the documents and spent time for the
preparation of report.

1.6 METHODOLOGY
The main tool used for the study was observation. Interaction with the company
personnel also revealed an ample of information.
Primary Data
Primary data was obtained directly by interacting with the concerned personnel in
various departments and also by observing the workflow.
Secondary Data
Secondary data was obtained from the company’s process documents, reports, books,
journals, and websites

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.1.7 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY
1. To understand an organization and its working completely, a period of 30
days was not sufficient.
2. Other departments of the company were warned to be out of bounds, so it
was not possible to study in detail their activities and overall atmosphere.
3. The company by policy never reveals its financial information and this
limits the exhaustiveness of the study.
4. The detailed data of other companies related to the same business could
not be obtained and hence a comparative study was not possible.
5. The time constraint is also a limitation of this study.
6. Most of the employees were busy with their job so much interaction was
not possible.
1.8 CHAPTER SCHEME
Chapter 1
First chapter contains Introduction, Scope of the Study, Objective of the Study,
Reason for Selecting the Company, Study Plan, Methodology, Limitations of the
Study and Chapter Scheme.
Chapter 2
Second chapter contains Industry Profile, World Scenario, Indian Scenario and State
Scenario.
Chapter 3
Third chapter contains Company Profile, Objectives of the Company, History &
Philosophy, Organization Structure, Different Phases of Development, Future plans
& Procedures and Financial performance of the company.
Chapter 4
Fourth chapter contains organization structure.
Chapter 5
Fifth chapter contains department analysis.
Chapter 6
Sixth chapter contains SWOT analysis.
Chapter 7
Seventh chapter contains findings, suggestions and conclusion.

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 CHAPTER 2
INDUSTRY PROFILE

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2.1 INDUSTRY PROFILE
Man’s urge to communicate with ones neighbors led to the development of
languages as well as newspapers. In the past new stories were revealed by word of
mouth than through the written materials.

An American Dramatist Arthur Miller says, “A good newspaper is a nation talking

to itself.”

The earliest version on a newspaper was a daily sheet published in 59 BC in Rome

called ‘ActaDiurna’ (daily even).The earliest known printer newspaper was in
Beijing in 748 AD. The 1700 were a century in which market elements were
created that encouraged the development of daily newspapers. The first daily
newspaper was ‘The Daily Courant’ in London 1702.

Newspaper and Newspaper advertising have been the most important tools in
shaping the growth and development of the modern society. More than anything,
they have been very instrumental in bridging communication gap between people
and contribute to the air of awareness in a society. One of the most crucial tasks of
the newspaper industry is to contribute towards the economic and industrial
development of a country through the assimilation of people’s thoughts and
opinions.

2.2 WORLD SCENARIO

The first newspaper in the world of which there is a record was ‘Pecking
Gazette’ published between AD 600’s and 900’s China. It was printed by wood
block, the kind of printing invented by the Chinese in the year 594.

100 years after Johannes Guttenberg developed printing press in the year
1447, there appeared pamphlets and single sheet notices announcing particular
events.The first English newspaper was ‘Oxford Gazette’ brought out in 1665 in
England. That publication gave rise to the word NEWSPAPER IN 1670.

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2.3 INDIAN SCENARIO
The colonial power of British introduced newspaper in India. The first newspaper
in India was ‘Bengal Gazette’ published in English by an English man J.A Hickey
in 1780. In 1819, Gangadharan Bhattacharya and Harichandra Roy launched a
paper in Calcutta by name ‘Bengal Gazette’ in Bengali. It was the first newspaper
launched in an Indian language.

The Indian Newspaper industry has passed through various stages of

evolution to reach the stage that it enjoys today that of a leading press arena in the
world. There are hundreds of newspapers that reach out to the people of this vast
country in enormous numbers every morning. A typical Indian daily newspaper is
almost like a stable diet, which brings to him news from around the globe.

Indian newspapers have played a very significant role in shaping the country’s
economic development. In fact, the newspaper industry of any country for that
matter spreads the knowledge and awareness amongst the people by propagating
itself as a medium for a wide area of topics such as politics, sports, social issues,
medicine, entertainment, advertising, marketing and so on. The popularity of
newspaper has lived through ages.

We know that newspaper and newspaper advertising have been very instrumental
in branding the communication gap between people that contributes to the air of
awareness in the society. Newspaper is an important media for spreading both
national and international news. It plays a crucial role in the society.

In recent years, India’s steamroller economy has diversified well beyond tech and
outsourcing, including a big boom in the news media. Circulation has been steadily
growing at Indian newspapers, and new dailies and magazines are popping up on a
monthly basis. India is a fascinating country where history is being made in many
respects so it is a great place for good journalism

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2.4 STATE SCENARIO
The newspaper in Kerala was introduced in 1887. The first newspaper launched was
‘Deepika’ on 14th April 1887. After Deepika, the next newspaper to be launched was
MalayalaManorama in 1888. But the circulation was very limited due to the low
literacy rate at that time. During 1900’s, there was a tremendous growth in the
newspaper industry in Kerala with the emergence of other newspapers like
Deshabhimani, Kerala Kaumudhi, Mathrubhumi etc. at the initial stage, most part of
the funds needed by the dailies were raised from the proprietor’s personal
investments or as the donations collected from the public. But now, the finance is
raised from advertisements, circulations etc.

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 CHAPTER - 3
COMPANY PROFILE

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3.1 HISTORY
Deepika was published in April 15 1887 at Kerala as the first India’s Malayalam
newspaper. The initial name of deepika was “NAZRANI DEEPIKA”. Deepika was
the dream of its founder Fr. Emmanuel Nidhiry (Nidhirikal Mani Kathanar). He was
renowned priest and perceptive, creative thinker of those times initiated and shaped.

Newspaper was initially printed on a crude, handmade wooden press built by the
legendary and far sighted visionary Carmelite monk, Fr.Kuriakose Elias
Chavara(now Saint Chavara) at Mannanam. This event further marked the epoch-
making but humble dawn of organized, elite, free press journalism in Kerala. The
Carmelites of Mary Immaculate (CMI) congregation managed the newspaper till
1998, when it was converted into a Limited Company with public participation
named RashtraDeepika Ltd. with a view to giving it fresh impetus, added
professionalism and new ethos.

The newspaper’s founder had high and noble ambitions for this unique project that
served as major milestone in the advancement of literacy in Kerala. Under the
dynamic leadership of Fr. Emmanuel Nidhiry,(a versatile genius and renowned
philosopher of those times)and his team of thinkers .NazraniDeepika marched
unflinchingly over the years into the 20th century , growing in stature and spreading
its wings further . The printing frequency gradually increased from weekly to twice a
week and later thrice a week. Correspondents and contributors were from virtually
all segments of society. On January 3, 1927, NazraniDeepika was converted into
daily, the first ever of the state, re-emphasizing the noble goals that its founding
fathers had put forward in its very first issue namely :

 To represent the need of common man to rulers.

 To protest and safeguard the inalienable rights of the people.
 To fight for Truth, Justice and Freedom and to unite the separated
brethren oh Kerala.
On August 1 1939, the newspaper shifted into Kottayam. To give more secular
outlook, its name was also change to Deepika. Over the years, Deepika has continued
to make a strong impact on masses, becoming the voice of voiceless, staunchly

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standing out for truth, justice freedom and equality for all. It is today a credible,
authentic, secular and dignified newspaper committed to genuine social, cultural and
ethical value. It is a mouthpiece of the oppressed, a source of inspiration for many
and has carved out a distinctive personality for itself in the world of newspaper in
Kerala bravely and boldly leading by example from the front.

In 1986, Deepika’s year-long centenary celebrations were inaugurated

by Pope John Paul II and the newspaper commemorated its 100th years of
publications in April 1987. Well over past 127 years, Deepika has growing strength
and stature, standing out boldly for the people, fearing and favouring none. It
relentlessly fought for wellbeing of farmers, the weaker section and the rights of the
minorities, irrespective of casts and creeds. It has also maintained a neutral political
stands, earning appreciation of politicians and leaders, both national and regional,
which has helped it, earn added credibility and respect.

In august 1989, Deepika was converted into a Public Limited Company

,RashtraDeepika Ltd. This was to facilitate the organisation to gain corporate
dimensions, stimulations and new ethos so as to enable it to meet the myriad
challenges of the ever growing and highly competitive world. The event has been the
turning point in the history of the organisation, which has grown leaps and bounds,
ever since.

3.2 CLASS OF READERS

RashtraDeepika publications have the distinction of being widely read by the

affluent, educated and influential class of Kerala society, mostly middle and upper
middle class of families, who form the bulk of its readership. Many of our readers
are distinguished and established themselves at the summit of diverse fields of
economic, political and social activities. Top engineers, doctors, bankers, jewellers,
share brokers, industrialists, businessman, agriculturists, etc. are regular readers. Our
readers are also receptive as well as widely considered market creators’ and market
movers.

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 Present Profile and Performance in recent years

The newspaper and company was taken over by and is under the direct management
of the Kerala Catholic Church as of January 2008. Since then, its circulation had
more than tripled and its advertisement revenue also increases substantially. Special
added publications have been brought out in these recent years such as The Indian
Christian Directory, Exotic Eastern Paradise, Higher Studies and Nursing
Directories, Exclusive volumes on Blessed Chavara and St. Alphonsha etc.

The quality and content of Deppika Daily and its seven allied
publications significantly been improved. More qualified and experienced persons
have also joined the departments. Several professionally qualified and eminent
persons have also joined the management teams as Directors to further strengthen its
base. At present “Msgr Mathew M Chalil” is the chairman and the managing director
and “Rev FrCherianThazhamon” is CEO and Director.

3.3 RANKING

Deepika is a newspaper with valued principals and ethics but a predominantly

regional newspaper. It would be ranked as the third largest in Kerala in terms of sales
volumes, proceeded but MalayalaManorama and Mathrubhoomi . It hopes to
improve its position to the second position in an organised and systematically
planned manner over next few years.

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 Fig 3.1 Rating of Newspaper

3. 4 DEEPIKA’S VISION
Deepika remains committed to noble goals had put forward at the inception of the
newspaper namely:
o To protest and safeguard the inalienable rights of the people.
o To fight for Truth, Justice and Freedom and to unite the separated brethren oh
Kerala.
o To represent the need of common man to rulers.
o Deepika also pledged to remain standing out as a voice of the voiceless;
perpetuate Truth, Justice, Freedom and Equality.
o It also aims at being a credible, authentic, secular and dignified newspaper
committed to genuine social, cultural and ethical values.
o It further serves as a mouthpiece of the oppressed, a source of inspiration for
many and has carved out a distinctive personality for itself in the world of
newspaper.
3.5 DEEPIKA’S MISSION
o Our reader comes first. We commit ourselves to their service and will ensure
their satisfaction in every service we offer.
o We will stand by the people for justice and security by providing accurate
and objective information by time. We will also strive to influence public
opinion for positive social change.

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 o Our employees are our assets .We will ensure transparent and professional
work environment and constantly assist our people to grow along with the
company.
o We cherish the contribution of our business associate in value addition of our
product and services. We will treat them as partners in our continues effort
for quality improvement.
o We recognize the plurality of our society and our role in it. We will promote
and undertake social and cultural activities that will educate, enrich and
synergize the society we leave in and bring people closer.
o We appreciate the confidence our shareholders have in us. We commit
ourselves to protect their interest in the company and will strive to increase
shareholder value in both monetary and prestige terms.
o We will ensure, as a team, quality and consistency in every task we
undertake. Also we will always conduct ourselves in a manner that benefits
the dignity and image of our organisation.

3.6 MOTTO OF DEEPIKA

o Excellence in performance.
o Best service to all our readers and customers.
o Respect for ourselves, our colleague, our company, our product and our
customers.

3.7 PRINTING UNITS

Deepika Daily is printed from our Kottayam, Kochi, Thrissur, Kozhikode, Kannur
and Thiruvananthapuram units. We have our own presses and premises at Kottayam,
Thrissur and Kannur whereas we use rented presses for printing at other Units.
Kottayam Unit covers Kottayam, Idukki, Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts.
Trivandrum unit covers Trivandrum and Kollam Districts. Thrissur unit covers
Thrissur and Palakkad. Kozhikode unit covers Kozhikode, Malappuram and
Wayanad. Kannur unit covers Kannur, Kasaragod, Bangalore and Mangalore. RD
Eveninger is printed from Kottayam, Kochi, Thrissur, Palakkad, Mallappuram,
Kozhikode, Kannur, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram.

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3.8 PRODUCT PROFILE
Many of its readers have distinguished and established themselves at the summit of
virtually all fields of economic, social and political activities. Top educationalists,
bankers, jewellers and gold merchants, planters, share brokers, industrialists, etc. of
the state are its regular readers. The publications of Deepika are DEEPIKA – Daily,
RASHTRA DEEPIKA – Eveninger , BUSINESS DEEPIKA - Economic and
Financial Fortnightly , KARSHAKAN - Agricultural Monthly, STHREE DHANAM
- Women's Monthly, RASHTRA DEEPIKA CINEMA - Film Magazine,
KUTTIKALUDE DEEPIKA - Children's Fortnightly, CHILDREN's DIGEST -
Children's English Monthly, DEEPIKA.COM – Online.

DEEPIKA – Daily
This is the Company's flagship publication and has been a trendsetter among
newspapers of the State, pioneering innovation and new technology. It has ever stood
out for equality, truth, justice and human rights in society as well as persistently
fought for obtaining fair prices for agricultural commodities - the backbone of our
economy as well as encouraged the use of high-yielding crop varieties and scientific
fertilizers.

Deepika has always supported the poor, the downtrodden and the oppressed, both
through its columns and in diverse other ways. The establishment of the Deepika
Educational and Charitable Trust' and the 'Helping the Helpless' scheme are
examples of recent projects in this regard, which has enabled countless readers to
reach out and directly or indirectly support thousands of deserving people through
the newspaper.
Pope John Paul II inaugurated Deepika's year- long centenary celebrations in 1986
during his maiden visit to India. In 1987, late Indian Prime Minister, Rajiv Gandhi
was the chief guest at the centenary concluding ceremony.

Deepika, now into its 128th year of publication, persistently strives to achieve its
primary noble goals, overcoming hurdles in a fast- moving and challenging world. Its
talented editors continue to win laurels and awards, both National and International,

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for outstanding features published, year after year. Perhaps no other newspaper in
India has won so many awards for creative writing and other related subjects over the
years, in recent times.

RashtraDeepikaEveninger

RashtraDeepikaEveninger was launched in April 1992 as Kerala's first organized and

professionally edited Eveninger in the State and that too, coming from an established
and reputed Daily newspaper group. It is today the largest selling newspaper of its
kind in Southern India with 9 editions and a readership of over a million, every
afternoon.

It provides the latest and the best of news in an attractive and handy format.
Businessmen, traders and the travelling public alike, throughout the State, eagerly
read and appreciate its variety contents. On exclusive occasions, when circumstances
call for, additional editions are printed to keep the public informed of the most up-to-
date information on exceptional issues. More editions are in the offing in the days
ahead.Eveninger is printed from Kottayam, Kochi, Thrissur, Palakkad, Mallappuram,
Kozhikode, Kannur, Kollam and Thiruvananthapuram.

BUSINESS DEEPIKA - Economic and Financial Fortnightly

Business Deepika is a prominent economic, financial and commercial Malayalam

magazine, published since November 1992 and launched by India's then President,
Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma. Now converted into a fortnightly, it provides informative
and qualitative news of corporate Kerala and India, covering a wide range of related
issues.
Bankers, financial experts, stock brokers, investors, traders, businessmen,
management experts and students; all form part of the newspaper's readership group.

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KARSHAKAN - Agricultural Monthly

Karshakan, the popular agricultural monthly was launched in March 1993. Catering
to the needs of agricultural Kerala, it appeals effectively to agriculturists, both big
and small, from big time plantation owners to the down -to-earth farmer. The
magazine provides informative guidelines on choices of crops, farming methods,
fertilizer application, pesticides, etc.

It is in many ways a seasonal handbook for farmers, enabling them to apply correct
farming methods and reap higher yields. It also proves to be an ideal magazine for
strategists who wish to wish to reach out effectively to the environs of both rural and
urban Kerala, where farming is a way of life.

STHREE DHANAM - Women's Monthly

SthreeDhanam was launched in July 1994 as a woman’s and family magazine. Over
the years, it has evolved into a periodical of stature and popularity in Kerala. Its
myriad contents are widely appreciated and alluring to readers, particularly women;
young and old, traditional and modern. The magazine encompasses their tastes,
fancies and preferences in an elegant and appealing manner.

RASHTRA DEEPIKA CINEMA - Film Magazine

RashtraDeepika Cinema, launched in September 1995, has been a success from day
one. Attractive, appealing and aesthetically designed, it is an appealing and popular
film fortnightly. It provides the latest and the best of the glitter and glamour of
Kerala’s cinema world as well as gives due importance to Bollywood and
Hollywood.

Avoiding cheap gossip, its articles are appreciated for their authenticity by even the
bigwigs of the industry and its opinions have been known to influence the success of
many films.

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KUTTIKALUDE DEEPIKA - Children's Fortnightly

Kuttikalude Deepika was launched as the first Malayalam monthly for children in
1952 with a view to publishing a worthy magazine for the new generation. It is now
a popular fortnightly. Children all over eagerly read it and enjoy its assorted
contents, which include stories, puzzles and features of all kinds.

CHILDREN's DIGEST - Children's English Monthly

Children's Digest, English monthly for the young and the young at heart, was
launched in January 1997. It has been a winner from its very first issue and is today
second to none in quality and content. Highly popular and cherished all over India
and abroad, the Digest has an array of interesting, amusing, educative and mind-
testing features that make it the largest selling magazine in its class. Youngsters and
elders alike enjoy the magazine and enthusiastically look forward to reading it,
month after month.

DEEPIKA.COM – Online
www.deepika.com made history in October 1997 by becoming the first
Malayalam Daily on the World Wide Web. Receiving over three million hits per day
and combined with its unique features including easy accessibility, personalized
websites .Our Internet edition is today the largest read online Malayalam Daily
reaching 125 countries.
www.deepikaglobal.com, the English edition is one of the premier Internet English
editions in South India. 'Helping the Helpless' the online charity fund promoted by
deepika.com, continues to receive tremendous response and to-date, under its
auspices, over five million rupees has been given to the needy and deserving in
society, on behalf of well-wishers and philanthropists from all over the world.
Special Publications
The company has in recent years brought out several special publications in the
better interests of readers including Business Directories, Health Directories, Annual
Agricultural Directories & Higher Studies Directories, The Indian Christian

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Directory 2000 & 2006 editions, 'JeevithaVijayam', a book on inspirational thoughts
for better living, and more recently -'Kerala VignanaDeepika' a compendium on
Kerala on the 50th anniversary of its formation, 'Exotic Eastern Paradise' - a book on
tourism in Kerala, 'Bon Voyage' - a handbook for overseas employment seekers and
several other value added publications.
The special volume on St. Alphonsa brought out in 2008 in connection with her
canonization, is a marvelous contribution from the Deepika group. All these have all
been well received in the market.

Children's Deepika League

The Deepika Children's League was set up in 1952 as an extension of Deepika's
commitment to society. The aim has been primarily to train school children,
irrespective of caste or creed and imbibe in them noble virtues and principles to
enable them to become responsible citizens and confidently face the emerging
challenges of the developing world.DCL has since its inception enrolled and trained
over 6 lakh youth, of whom many are today successfully placed in various walks of
life. DCL organizes diverse, training and leadership camps, competitions and
workshops, wherein children are provided opportunities designed to help them
achieve a positive sense of self, sense of community, and stronger success skills. It
also publishes better living books and conducts scholarship examinations.

3.9 ACHIVEMENTS
 First newspaper in Malayalam to be published on a daily basis.
 First among Malayalam newspapers to go online. It is still the largest Indian
vernacular online newspaper.
 First Malayalam newspaper to devote a full page for sports and agriculture
news.
 RashtraDeepika, its sister-eveninger, is the largest circulated of its kind in
India according to ABC.
 Online edition-Deepika.com, Deepika global, Rashtradeepika.com are also
popular among Malayalees the world over.
 Altogether, RashtraDeepika group has more than 15 million readers all over
the world.

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 3.10 FUTURE PLANS
The company is mulling the revamping of its Daily and other publications in a
phased manner. More improved output quality, professional coverage of news,
starting of new editions, effectively and economically developing its infrastructure,
publications quality, news sources, personnel output etc. are being planned.
Improved business promotion techniques and strategies are on the anvil.

3.11 Different Varieties of News in Deepika

There are different varieties of news published in DeepikaDaily. They are:

 Political News  Youth Edition

 International News  Business News
 Local News  Agricultural News
 Cultural News  Obituary
 Features  Matrimonial
 Sports News  Exclusive News
 Educational News  Sensational News

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 CHAPTER 4
ORGANISATION STRUCTURE

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 Fig 4.1 ORGANISATION STRUCTURE
BOARD OF DIRECTORS

MANAGING DIRECTOR

DEPUTY MANAGING DIRECTOR

EDITORIAL
PURCHASE
FINANCE HR PRODUCTION MARKETING CIRCULATION E
CHIEF EDITOR
PURCHASE
CFO
SENIOR GM DEPUTY GM MANAGER
GM
SENIOR EDITOR MANAGER

INTERNAL UNIT SUPERVISORS UNIT STAFF

UNIT
NEWS EDITOR AUDITOR FINANCEM HR ADV.MANAGER
ANAGER EXECUTIVES CIRCUATION
PRINTERS MANAGER

BUREAU DESK ASST.PRINTERS EXECUTIVES

SECTION CASHIER
STAFF
BUREAU DESK s
CHIEF CHIEF EXECUTIVES SECTION STAFF

REPORTERS SUB
EDITOR

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 CHAPTER 5
DEPARTMENT ANALYSIS

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FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS

The process of grouping activities into units for the purpose of administration is called
departmentalization. It can be defined “as the process by which activities or functions of
enterprise are grouped homogeneously into different groups.”

A newspaper organisation is made up of various departments that make it possible for information
to be collected, printed and served to general public. All of departments of a newspaper
organisation are important. A newspaper organisation can barely survive with the absence of any
of the department.

Deepika is the large organization has different departments and following are the departments of
Deepika:
 Finance department
 Production department
 Circulation department
 Editorial department
 Marketing department
 Human resource department

5.1 Finance department

Finance is considered as lifeblood of business organization. It is the master key, which provides
access to all resource employed in manufacturing and merchandising activities. Without finance,
no businesses can existence. Therefore Finance department can be regarded as the foundation
stone of every business. One of the major roles of the finance department is to identify
appropriate financial information prior to communicating this information to managers and
decision-makers, in order that they may make informed judgments and decisions. Efficient
planning and management of is required for the success of the organization. Various functions of
this department are anticipation, allocation, acquisition, administration of fund and accounting
profit and also budget preparation. A sound financial firm can only survive in a competitive
business environment. The financial activities of a firm have to be managed very effectively.

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The finance department of Deepika controls the overall financial transactions of the company.
This department controls the receipt and payments of each and every activities of entire
department. It makes budgets, studies variance (if any) and any corrective measure.

The revenue of Deepika comes from sale of newspaper, allied products and space selling. Among
the space selling (advertisement) gives more profit to the firm (near 70-80% of total revenue). The
rate varies according to the size of advertisement and preference. Its major expense happens for
collecting information’s from various sources. They are having tie up with new agencies like
P.T.I, U.N.F and A.F.P etc. These agencies collect news from all around the world and supplies to
Deepika. All the activities of this department is controlled by well qualified and experience
managers and accountant. Deepika’s accounting is fully computerized.

Fig 5.1 STRUCTURE OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

Chief Financial Officer

Internal Auditor Unit Finance Manager

Section Staff Cashier

5.1.1 RESPONSIBILITIES OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

General Manager has mainly policy level and functional level responsibilities.

Policy Level
 Budget Formulation
 Variance study of budget corrective measures

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  An MIS report to top level management includes financial performance, fund
management, profitability and cost & credit control.

Functional Level
 Managing day to day company transaction
 Maintenance of statutory records
 Maintenance of books of accounts, reconciliation and other statements
 Preparation of cash flow and fund flow
 All credit filling in respect of sales, service and income tax with respect to the
departments
 Monitoring income Vs expenditure flow
 Internal auditing as well as evaluation of existing internal control system to
improve the heavy shortcoming existing in the system

5.1.2 AREAS COVERED BY THE FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT

The main areas covered by the financial department include:

 Book keeping procedures :
It includes keeping records of purchases and sales made by the organisations as well as
capital spending. These records today are typically kept on computer files.
 Creating of balance sheet and profit and loss accounts :
Financial statements need to be produced at given time intervals’, for example at the end
of each financial year. In addition, records of purchase and sales are totaled up to create a
profit and loss account.
 Providing management information:
Managers require ongoing financial information to enable them to make financial
decisions.
 Management of wages:
This section is responsible for calculating the wages and salaries of the employees and
organizing the collection of income tax and national insurance for Inland Revenue.
 Raising of finance:
This department is also responsible for technical details of how a business raise finance
e.g., through loans and repayment of interest on finance.

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5.1.3 FUNCTIONS OF FINANCE DEPARTMENT

The functions performed by finance department of Deepika are as follows:

 Managing day to day finance of the RashtraDeepika and all allied publications with
regard to printing and marketing activities.
 Maintenance of books of accounts.
 Reconciliation of financial statements.
 Preparation of cash flow and fund flow
 All returns and filling in respect of sales, service and income tax with respect to the
departments.
 Management of all company software allied with banks and other financial institutions.
 Monitoring income Vs expenditure flow as well as due positions of circulations and
advertisement revenue.
 Internal auditing as well as evaluation of existing internal control system to improve the
heavy shortcoming existing in the system.

5.1.4 a) SOURCE OF INCOME

 Income from circulation:
The income from sale of newspaper is one source of income for deepika. The amount is
received as cash or cheque or DD.
Income from advertisement:
Advertisement is the main source of income for the Deepika. It got large amount
through the space marketing from its daily and from its magazines
 Miscellaneous income:
This includes: Wastages: Print waste, Tear waste, Wrapper Core, Scrap: The chemicals
for paper making and printing and resold as scrap.
 Debt Fund:
It includes deposit funds and overdraft from bank.

5.1.4 b) Assets Of RashtraDeepika LTD

 Plant & Machinery

 Land & Building

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  Furniture & Fittings
 Vehicles
 Library
 Office equipments etc…

5.1.5 c) Expenses of RashtraDeepika LTD

 Purchase of raw materials

 Production expenses
 Payment of wages and salaries
 Administrative expenses
 Selling and distribution expenses
 Interest and bank charges
 Depreciation of assets
 Deferred expenses
 Bad debts
In Deepika all units have finance departments; they use accounting software’s to do their work.
Finance department is the main office accesses this information to prepare the accounts. Deepika
accepts payment in the form of cash or cheque or DD. Book of accounts is prepared in proper way
and as per government and legal requirement.

5.2 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

The production department of the newspaper has embarked on a quality improvement efforts. The
look and quality of the physical newspaper sheet is determined by production department.
Production department makes sure that the reader enjoys holding the newspaper in his or her
hands. Production is the functional area responsible turning inputs into finished outputs through a
series of process. This department is responsible for transforming the creative work of reporters,
editors and advertising sales people in to the finished product.

The production department handles the actual creation, composition and production of newspaper.
In the production department there are many factory workers; that is they are the blue-collier
workers. Printing section, despatching section there are separate staffs to their departmental

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workers. The production department works in connection with DTP section and Circulation
Department.

There is production manager to control all the activities in the production department that is
printing section and despatching section. He should be assisted with two supervisors for each
section.

Fig 5.2 STRUCTURE OF PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

5.2.1 DUTIES OF KEY PERSONNELS

 To ensure quality of printing
 Cost reduction to the minimum
 To reduce wastage to minimum
 Time management in printing
5.2.2 PRINTING PROCESS
Printing is the means of reproducing the written message for mass communication. Printing
process dose the production of the newspaper. After the editorial works, the production that is the
printing should be done. The work of printing includes installation of machines, plant layout,
composing, processing, loading, scheduling, maintenance of machine etc

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After completion of work by editorial department, the edited and structured news is sent to
printing press. Printing is done as per the printing order is given by the circulation department.
The cost of printing is paid through finance department.

Printing is the stage of production after completing the editorial work. Printing is done in
accordance with the print order given to the foreman by circulation department. Raw materials for
printing are issued by materials department.

Primary step involved in the printing is to impose the image of the layout ‘pre-sensitive’ plate.
This is done through plate composing machine. Once the layout is kept in the machine for
imposing the light ray passes through the layout to the plate. The plate where the ray does not fall-
the image will be formed. Thus a plate is being made on a fully automated machine mentioned
above. The plates are pure aluminium plates. The print order issued by the unit office is used as
reference by the printing supervisor and the same is placed in printing unit.

PRINTING PROCEDURE

The procedure followed in Deepika for printing Daily is as follows:

 Proof Reading
 Scanning
 Page Making
 Plate Making
 Printing

5.2.3 DISPATCHING SECTION

Dispatching section is entrusted with the task of dispatching the finished product. These are ten
staffs to take up this work. Once the printing is over, the newspapers are sent to the dispatching
section. The circulation department sent a circulating slip indicating the number of copies to be
sent to each agent. Through the dispatch the message are conveyed. The packing starts at 1’o
clock. The process of packing and dispatching will be over by 4’o clock morning. All the work
should do at night.

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5.3 EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

The editorial department handles the content of the news paper. The editorial department is
responsible for pretty much everything that appears in the publication that isn’t advertising. Its
main goal is to report the news accurately and in reader friendly way. This department determines
what to present and what to avoid. Editorial department is regarded as the heart of the newspaper
or it is the major part of the newspaper concern. It deals with editorial policy, the daily editorials,
features, columns and comments. The editorial department develops writes, edits and oversees all
the editorial comments published in Deepika Daily. There are many staffs under this department.
The department is headed by Chief Editor. The Chief Editor has overall responsibility of
publications content. Under his come Senior Associate Editor , News Editor. Under them come
the bureau chief, desk chief, reporters, sub editors.

Fig 5.3 STRUCTURE OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

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5.3.1 DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF EDITORS

The duties and responsibilities of editors of Deepika are:

 Chief Editor
Editorial policies of Newspaper are formulated by Chief Editor. He controls the function
of editing and reporting sections.
 Associate Editor
Associate Editor act as deputy to Chief Editor and coordinate editorial activities of all
units and publications. He handles all day to day aspects of Deepika Daily and
RashtraDeepika.
 News Editor
News Editor at all units implements directive of Chief Editor, Executive Editor and
Associate Editor and control New Desk of each units or edition.
 Chief Sub Editor
The Chief Sub Editor’s job is to implement work given by news editor.
 Sub Editor
He edits various news comes from bureaus. They are responsible for setting the pages.
Sometimes one Sub Editor/reporter has to set more than one page.

5.3.2 RESPONSIBILITIES OF KEY PERSONNELS

 To publish current news

 To find news of various part of world
 To find out local interesting stories

5.3.3 FUNCTIONS OF EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT

Various functions performed by the Editorial department of Deepika are as follows:

 Collection of news
 Selection of news and features
 Editing the news in needful format
 Interpretation of the news

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  Selection of lead articles
 Evaluation of articles as to their authenticity and originality.

5.4 CIRCLULATION DEPARTMENT

Circulation department is responsible for promoting, selling and distribution of Deepika,

RashtraDeepika and allied publications. In Deepika head of Circulation department is the General
Manager circulation. General Manager is assisted by the Unit Circulation Manager. They
coordinate all the matters related to circulation at each unit. Under them reporting to Unit
Circulation Manager are field executives, who are primarily responsible for coordinating and
circulating promotion.

Every day report has been sent from circulation department as well as despatch section about the
number of copies to be sent to agent. Planning and development of advertisement and
promotional strategies of the company’s product is another major responsibility of this
department.

For newspaper, sales and distribution of products are two activities. Circulation department is also
responsible for the dispatch and distribution of publications. The major distribution channel is the
agency network across the state. Circulation department ensure timely dispatch of publications
printed through proper labelling bundles of publication to reach to reach the respective
place/agent. Distributions of publication are done through hired vehicles network at every unit of
the company to reach subscribers through agents.

Fig 5.4 STRUCTURE OF CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT

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5.4.1 FUNCTIONS OF CIRCULATION DEPARTMENT

Circulation department is done through agents and through display of stalls. The executives are
given target to be achieved. Executives are also in charge of collection. Initially Circulation
department was concerned with the catholic society but with the growth of the organization
Deepika had even started circulation outside India. Also in Dubai and UK. And in countries
outside India the publication are brought to unit office from where they are sent to foreign
countries by air.
Various functions performed by Circulation department of Deepika are as follows:
 Collection of finished products
 Packing of finished products
 Dispatch of finished products
 Transportation and distribution of finished products
 Preparation of print order
 Preparation of agency bill
 Maintain relationship with agents
 To make follow up of collection from the agents and customers.
 To appoint agent according to geographical area.

5.5 MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Marketing department is also known as Advertisement Department.

5.5.1 ADVERTISEMENT SECTION

Advertising is the major source of revenue for the newspaper. As such the work of collection and
publication of advertisement became crucial in newspaper organization. The advertisement
section looks after this work. There can be several other section under advertisement section one
to look after local advertising, one for classifying ads, one for general/national advertising, one
for legal advertising and yet another one for preparing copy and so on.
The rate of advertisement of different publication varies and these rates are fixed by
advertisement manager. The advertisement unit receives advertisement. Then they make
arrangements for the publications of the advertisement.

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5.5.2 FUNCTIONS OF ADVERTISEMENT SECTION

Various functions performed by advertisement section of Deepika are as follows:

 Monitoring advertisement collection activities.
 Planning, Analyzing and Implementing the entire activities of the department
 Coordinating the activities related with the publication of regular and periodical
supplements.
 Coordinating the activities of field of executives both inside and outside Kerala.
 Conducting of research and development activities
 Billing of advertisements
 Coordinating the billing activities of all units
 Arranging periodical get together of advertisement agencies and regular client
 Follow up missed advertisements
 Conducting periodical training for staffs

Fig 5.5 STRUCTURE OF MARKETING (advertisement) DEPARTMENT

5.5.4 TYPES OF ADVERTISEMENT IN DEEPIKA

There are three types of advertisement placed in Deepika. They are as follows:
 Classified Advertisement
 Display Advertisement
 Ear panel Advertisement

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5.5.5 SOURCES OF ADVERTISEMENT
Various sources advertisement of Deepika is:
 Advertising Agencies
 Advertisement Executives
 Government organizations
 Agents
 Bureaus
There are two types of agencies viz.
 Accredited agencies
 Non-accredited agencies

 Accredited agencies
Accredited agencies are the advertising agencies, which are accredited by the Indian Newspaper
Society. Society monitors payments to publication from the advertising agencies. Society
constantly endeavors to enforce the Accreditation Rules, so that payments are made within the
credit period allowed. They are given a commission of 15%.
 Non-accredited agencies
They are a given a commission of 10%.

HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

Human Resource is of paramount importance for the success of an organization. It is a source of

strength and aid. Human Resource Management involves procedures and practices through which
human resources are organized and directed towards the attainment of the individual, social and
organizational goals.
5.6.1 FUNCTIONS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT
 Recruitment and Selection
 Induction
 Training
 Performance Appraisal
 Total Quality Management
 Manpower Planning

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  RECRUITMENT- Recruitment is the process of searching the prospective employees and
stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization. When more persons apply for jobs
then there will be a scope for recruiting better persons. The job seekers too, on the other
hand, are in search for organizations offering them employment. Recruitment is a linkage
activity bringing together those which jobs and those seeking jobs. Recruitment in
Deepika can be described in three categories;

1. Recruitment of Managerial and Editorial staff.

Managerial and editorial staffs are recruited through advertisement as well as campus recruitment.
Advertisements are given in company newspapers and publications. Those recruited through
campus interviews are kept as editorial trainees for one year and if satisfactory they will be
absorbed as probationers.

2. Recruitment of Marketing/Administrative staff

Administrative staffs are appointed mainly through promotions as well as recruitments. For the
vacancies in the administrative posts, an advertisement is published in company newspapers and
publications to attract the right candidate.

3. Recruitment for Production (press) staff.

For the production staff, the recruitment policy is designed in such a way that technically
experienced personnel are selected. Employee’s children and dependents are also given
preference for the job, if technically qualified.

 SELECTION- Selection is a process of choosing duly qualified persons according to the

Recruitment of the job. If recruitment, an effort to attract more and more applicants while
in selection the effort is to eliminate unsuitable persons. The number of applicants will be
much more than the positions vacant. It becomes important to scrutinize for jobs. The
selection of a right person will improve the quantity and quality of performance.

The selection procedure of Deepika gives due consideration to the organizational policy,
organization requirements as well as technical and professional dimensions of selection

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procedure. The selection procedure is different for factory staff, administrative staff and
management staff. However the selection procedure for the editorial staff and management staff
can be treated as the model procedure for selection.

Step 1- Reception of application

Here applicants with reference to the advertisements are received in the company.
Step 2- Preliminary screening of the applicants
After receiving the application a careful screening is done, and for the suitable candidates,
company will give an application form for collecting the necessary detail about the applicant.
Step 3- Test
The applicants have to undergo a number of tests which includes aptitude test, psychological
tests, skill tests etc.
Step 4- Preliminary interview
Based on the test, the shortlist candidates are called for an interview which is conducted by the
division head and concerned persons with a representative from personnel/human resource
division. This interview is for getting the facts and to get all the relevant information about the
candidate and to analyze the attitude and aptitude of the person.
Step 5- Background checking
This is the most important formality in Deepika’s selection procedure. The candidates’ past,
background etc. are checked to see whether he suits in the organization. Background checking is
very easy with the well-structured network of Deepika.
Step 6- Final interview
This interview is purely based on merit and skill. A ratio of 1:5 candidates is called or the
interview.
Step 7- Selection
Final selection is based on reference check, medical checkup and the discretion of top
management. After getting approval from top management, the decision is communicated to the
applicants.
Deepika recruits people mainly through newspaper advertisements and employee references.
 INDUCTION- Induction is a technique by which a new employee is rehabilitated into the
changed surroundings and introduced to the practices, policies and purpose of the
organization.

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  OBJECTIVES OF INDUCTION
The objectives of induction are;
 To help the newcomer to overcome his natural shyness and nervousness in meeting new
people in the new environment.
 To build up the new employee’s confidence in the organization and in himself. So that he
may become an efficient employee.
 To develop among the newcomers a sense of belonging and loyalty to the organization.
 To foster a close and cordial relationship between the newcomers and the old employees
and their supervise to ensure that the newcomers do not form false impression and
negative attitude towards the organization or the job because first impression is the last
impression.
 To give newcomer necessary information such as location of cafeteria, toilets and locker
rooms, rest period etc.
In Deepika, a person joins either as a trainee, probationer or in permanent stream. The first step in
induction process is introducing the person to his division. He is further introduced and given all
relevant information about the organization, its hierarchy, culture, practices, procedures, benefits
and does and don’ts. Usually the induction program last for one month depending on the position,
the employee holds in the organization. The management staffs have to visit all the units before
completion of their induction program.

 TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT- Every organization needs the service of trained

persons for performing the activities in a systematic way. The fast changing technological
development makes the knowledge of employees obsolete. They require constant training
to cope up with the needs of jobs. After selecting the employees, the next task of
management is to give them proper training. Some employees may have previous
knowledge of jobs while others may entirely new. Both types of workers will need some
kind of training to acquaint for the latter category of employees.

Deepika has great emphasis to technology education program. Company nominates employees for
need based training programs like computer classes, seminars, workshops, discussions, etc.
For editorial staff, separate editorial training programs are conducted. The criteria for skill
training are
 The ability to learn.
 The company’s need for the person to learn a particular skill.

40
  Whether the individual wants to learn.
The important training programs in Deepika are;
 Senior management program.
 Executive development program.
 Supervisory development program.
 Program on interpersonal relations.
 Personality development program.
 Program on T.Q.M.
 Technology education program.
 Refresher program.

 PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL- Performance evaluation is the process of assessing the

performance and evaluation of an employee or a group of employees on a given job and
his potential for future development. It consists of all formal procedures used in working
organizations to evaluate personalities, contributions and potentials of employees. It is a
systematic examination of the employee’s strength and weakness in terms of the job. The
main purpose of Performance Appraisal is to secure information necessary for making
objective and correct decisions on employees.
In Deepika, Performance Appraisal serves several useful purposes,
 It is the basis for job change and promotion.
 B identifying the strength and weakness of an employee, it serves as a guide for
formulating a suitable training development program to improve his quality of
performance in his present work.
 It serves as a feed back to employees.
 It serves as a means for evaluating the effectiveness of devices used for the selection and
classification of workers.
In Deepika, performance of an employee is rated by his superior authority and the process is done
very confidential. The remarks for this will be marked in his personal file and that will be
considered in the time of performance or job change.

 PROMOTION- Promotion policy in Deepika is based on seniority and merit. The

promotion is based on the Performance Appraisal rating and the availability of higher
posts. Here more performance is given to merit.

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 CHAPTER 6
SWOT ANALYSIS

42
STRENGHTS

1) Customers

Deepika has a very loyal customer base. Thus they do not face any threat of losing
their customers and the cost of maintaining the customer loyalty would be
negligible when compared to that required by other newspapers in the market.

2) Employees

The employees of the firm are loyal and thus the firm faces a very low employee
turnover. The firm has got a pool of capable and highly experienced work force.

3) Management

A team that is highly committed and confident manages the firm. He firm has been
ableto attract some of the most talented people to its various departments.
Decentralized system of decision making is practiced.

4) Brand Image

Deepika has over the years of its existence built up on its brand name as the paper
of the working class. The brand name is also perceived as the one that has ‘Truth
in News’.

5) Social Commitment

The social commitment f Deepika is very prominent when one considers its
involvement in activities beyond journalism. Deepika also makes it a point to
provide credible news.

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 6) Employee Relationship

The firm enjoys a good relationship between the management and the employee.
Thus there is a better co-ordination between the various levels in the organization.
It is highly noted that in the 122 years of its existence there had never been any
types of strikes or lock outs. There are no politically based trade unions although it
maintains an excellent relation with its workers.

7) Market Position

Deepika enjoys the privilege of being in the first position in the market with regard
to circulation and quality. This is one advantage that the newspaper can project in
improving aspects such as circulation and advertisement revenue.

8) Intelligent Journalism & Intelligent Business Decision

Deepika, as a policy prohibits character assassination of any individual and is also

careful about portraying sensitive news in a very diplomatic manner. The company
is also known to maintain a very good relations with other prestigious firms in the
same industry.

WEAKNESSES

1) Improper utilization of distribution network

The company is not in a position to utilize its distribution network to its full
capacity.

2) Stress on advertisements

More of an emphasis seems to be placed on advertisements than on news in the

Deepika daily.

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 3) Circulation abroad
The company does not seem to fully make use of the foreign markets.

OPPURTUNITIES

1) The Overseas Market

The firm can widen its customer base by tapping the overseas market in a better
way. The strategy to be followed in case of the foreign markets would have to be
developed after a detailed study of the market.

2) The Youth Market

Today’s markets are youth centric. However, the Kerala newspaper industry is yet
to tap this market successfully. RasthraDeepika can capitalize on this gap in the
market by coming out with innovative products focusing on youth.

3) Innovative Marketing Techniques

Today’s market is experimenting in marketing and circulation development tactics

through tie ups with firms from other industries. Such market developments need
to be utilized by the firm so as to improve its position in the market.

THREATS

1) Threat from other leading competitors.

2) Flourishing electronic media.

3) Children born and brought up outside Kerala prefer English dailies.

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 CHAPTER 7
FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

46
7.1 FINDINGS

1. Cost discounts of the canteen provided by the company are excellent.

2. Medical facilities are good.

3. The company is kept neat and tidy.

4. The working environment and policies seem to be satisfactory.

5. Recreation facility provided by the company is good.

6. Employees seem satisfied with the working hours of the company and the leave
benefits.

7. Acceptance of the latest technologies.

8. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is very high.

9. Well settled and modernized digital library.

10. Best quality in printing.

11. Friendly atmosphere in the organization.

12. There is no communication gap between employees and the management.

13. Most of the permanent employees are satisfied with their present job.

14. Some of the employees were anxious about their jobs due to lack of job security.
.
15. Trade union and the management are on good terms.

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 16. Workers participation in management.

17. Space marketing is used as a method of marketing.

7.2 SUGGESTIONS

1. The company must give a lifelong pension scheme for its employees.

2. Company must take contract employees as permanent according to their

experience and performance.

3. Management must provide vehicle loan to all categories of employees.

4. Employees of the work department suggest an increase in their uniform stitching

and washing allowance

5. New updated technologies should be added to existing ones.

6. Try to provide sufficient resources to make work easier.

7. Try to understand whether employees are aware of their competencies.

8. Do take suggestion from employees for improvement and involve them in

decisions taken concerning them.

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7.3 CONCLUSION
It’s a great fortune to get a chance to do training at RashtraDeepika, one of the leading firms in
the field of news media. This training helped to understand what the company is all about and the
company’s functioning and also to assess the various aspects of Human Resource practices
undertaken by the Department of Human Resources at this prestigious institute and also how the
department functions and how the decisions taken by this department affects the functioning of
the organization as a whole.

The employees are the asset of every organization. The company should make it a point to select
the most appropriate persons as their employees. In the past, selection was about matching people
to clearly defined jobs. Now emphasis is on wider criteria aimed at identifying flexible people
able to fulfill multi-skilled roles. Selection procedures are costly but consequences of choosing
unsuitable recruits can be even more costly.

The study revealed that the job satisfaction of employees was the key factor for the success of any
organization. Deepika stands as an evident example for this. The various IT Application used by
the organization was commendable and the SWOT analysis proved that Deepika could easily
overcome the threats with its strengths. In short, Deepika has truly become a pioneer in the
newspaper industry.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS;
1. Chabra T.N, Human Resource Management, DhanpatiRai&Co.Pvt.Ltd, Fifth
Edition.

2. Inderpreetkaurkular, Marketing Research, Kalyani Publishers, 2010, Second

Edition.

3. Deepika Annual Report, 2013-2014.

4. Company profile, Manuals published by The Deepika.

WEBSITES;
1. www.deepika.com
2. www.naiindia.com
3. www.indiannewspaper society.org
4. www.ptinews.com

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