CONCLUSION

Digestion is the process of breaking down food into its constituent nutrients and
into other chemicals to make these molecules available for absorption and
utilization in the body.Digestion and nutrient absorption occur in the digestive
system. The core of the digestive system is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, a long
hollow tube that begins at the mouth, where food is ingested, and ends at the anus,
where the unabsorbed matter is excreted as “stool.” The GI tract includes the mouth,
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine (which includes the colon and
the rectum), and the anus.
The word diet is etymologically derived from the Latin 'dialita' which if translated
freely means 'manner of living' or 'diaitasthai' which means 'to lead one''s life'. The
purpose of the diet can be to lose weight, for those who are overweight, to increase
weight for those who are underweight, or to control a disease so as not to get worse
and to help cure a disease. Kind of diet among others ; High protein high energy
diet (HPHE), Low Energy Diet, Low Salt Diet, High Fiber Diet, and Low residual
diets.
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) or Total Nutrition Injection (TNA) is intravenous
nutrition therapy for patients who cannot eat by mouth. The goal is to replace and
maintain essential body nutrients through intravenous infusion when (and only
when) oral feeding is contraindicated or insufficient. TPN is used when needed only
because of the risks associated with this therapy and the high cost of doing this
therapy.
TPN is given in the following circumstances:
1. Patients who are severely malnourished without oral intake for more than 1 week
2. Severe pancreatitis
3. Severe intestinal inflammation (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis)
4. Extensive intestinal surgery
5. Small bowel obstruction
6. Pregnancy (in cases of severe nausea and vomiting)
7. Patients with head injuries
 FOREWORD

We offer thanks for the Almighty God, so we can complete this paper on
process of meal, kind of diet and total nutrition parenteral. The purpose of this paper
is make the reader understand about the process of eating, understanding of diet and
type and parenteral nutrition. so that readers can find out about nutritional needs
and can meet nutrition according to needs.

We have prepared this paper to the maximum and get help from various
pates so that it can facilitate the making of this paper. For this reason, we express
our gratitude to all those who have cotributed to the making of this paper. Apart
from all that, we are fully aware that there are still deficiencies both in terms of
sentence arrangement and grammar. Therefore we accept all suggestions and
criticsms from readers so that we cam improve this scientific paper.

Finally, we hope that this paper will provide benefits and inspiration for readers.

Semarang,

author