Embryo

Monday, 11 June 2018 11:00 am

Question 3 Part A [5 marks] EMBRYOLOGY

Cleft palate can occur as a result of failure of an embryonic and/or
fetal event. Briefly describe these 2 developmental events and
approximate times that they occur
Set and marked by Mark Hill (Apologies for no feedback: currently on
leave)
The mean average mark for this question was 2.1/5, range 0-5 marks
Students should refer to the UNSW embryology for content details:
http://php.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php/Palate_Development

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Part A: (EMBRYO)
i. Describe the timing and development of the upper lip and palate (4 marks)
ii. Describe a how neonatal nutritional disorder may result from cleft lip/palate
(2 marks)

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Describe the embryological and fetal development of the maxilla and palate. Describe the
processes that lead to the separation of the oral and nasal cavities. (6 marks)

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Question 1:
This question has 3 parts, which are of equal value. Answer this question
in the spaces provided. Time: 25 minutes.
a) The entire gastrointestinal tract has its embryonic origin from
all 3 of the
germ layers. Describe the individual contribution of each of the
germ layers to different features of the gastrointestinal tract, and
also describe the 3 major divisions of the early gastrointestinal
tract.
The following points should have been covered in the answer.
The three main germ layers are Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm.
Their involvement in the development of the gut:
germ layers. Describe the individual contribution of each of the
germ layers to different features of the gastrointestinal tract, and
also describe the 3 major divisions of the early gastrointestinal
tract.
The following points should have been covered in the answer.
The three main germ layers are Ectoderm, Mesoderm and Endoderm.
Their involvement in the development of the gut:
Endoderm:
The yolk sac forms the gut tube and the lining of the GIT. Endoderm is
also involved in the development of the liver, pancreas, appendix and the
urinary bladder. Mesoderm:
The lateral plate derived Splanchnopleure develops into the muscularis
externa and muscularis mucosa of the gut, The blood vessels and
associated connective tissue. Ectoderm:
The neural crest derived from the neurectoderm gives rise to the
myenteric [Auerbach’s] plexus which provides peristalsis.
The 3 major divisions of the primitive gut are:
Foregut supplied by the Coeliac Artery.
Midgut supplied by the Superior Mesenteric Artery.
Hindgut supplied by the Inferior Mesenteric Artery.