Design of Smart Villages

Design of Smart Villages

N. Viswanadham
Computer Science and Automation
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
Centre for Contemporary Studies
February 6, 2014

Mahatma Gandhi; Harijan, 18-1-1922

 The best, quickest and most efficient way is to build

Design of Smart Villages

up from the bottom . . . Every village has to become

a self-sufficient republic. This does not require
brave resolutions. It requires brave, corporate,
intelligent work. ..
 We implement Mahatma’s vision If we interpret
– Brave as entrepreneurial and risk taking attitude
– Corporate to mean governance by setting & meeting
strategic goals and objectives
– Intelligent as ICT enabled, socially networked models,
called smart nowadays

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Design of Smart Villages Contents

 Motivation
 The Smart Village
 The Smart Village Ecosystem
 Village Governance
 Pochampally Village: A Case study
 Conclusions

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Design of Smart Villages

Motivation and Approach

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 Motivation for the Study
 In India there are 610 districts, (200 backward ) 600,000
villages (125,000 backward.)
Design of Smart Villages

 About 800 M people in India live in villages and at least half

of them are below 25 years of age.
 The Government takes responsibility for uplifting rural and
poorer regions. There is lot of public spending to improve
the infrastructure, water and sanitation in these areas.
 These efforts are disparate, fragmented and piecemeal. Not
much improvement achieved in most of the villages.
 There is a need for designing and building Smart
Villages which are independent in providing the services
and employment and yet well connected to the rest of the
world

Government Programs for The Villages

 Major Programs in Agriculture
– National Agricultural Development Program
Design of Smart Villages

– Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program

– Fertilizer Subsidy
– Bank loans, Free Electricity
 Major Programs to Improve Employment
– Public Distribution System
– Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
– National Food Security Bill
 Major Programs & Partnerships to Improve Nutrition Security
– Mid Day Meal Scheme
– Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS)
– Annapurna Scheme (Ministry of Rural Development) for senior citizens
– The Nutritional Program for Adolescent Girls
– Emergency feeding program ( in eight districts in Orissa)

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Design of Smart Villages

Smart Village

Smart: Definition
Design of Smart Villages

 Smart has its original meaning of "stinging, sharp" as in a

smart blow
 Smart Student : having or showing quick intelligence or
ready Mental Capability
 Smart Machines: Capable of making adjustments similar to
human decisions, in response to changing conditions
 Smart Windows: regulates the amount of light transmitted in
response to varying light conditions using sensors & controls
 Smart Buildings, Smart Grids,……

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 Financial, Human & Social Capital
Design of Smart Villages

 A person has three kinds of capital:

1. Financial Capital Which Is Cash On Hand, Reserves In The Bank;
Assets, etc
2. Human Capital: natural abilities, health, intelligence, looks
combined with education and experience to excel in certain tasks
3. Social Capital which is relationships with other players who get
opportunity to use his financial and human capital.
 Similar definitions apply to companies, Villages and Nations
as well

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Social Capital in Humans

Certain people do better by receiving higher returns to their efforts.
Design of Smart Villages


Some people enjoy higher incomes, quickly become prominent and lead
more important projects.
 The human capital explanation of the inequality is that the people who
do better are more able individuals; they are more intelligent, more
attractive, more articulate, more skilled.
 Social structure is a kind of capital that can create a competitive
advantage for individuals in pursuing their ends. Better connected
people enjoy higher returns.
 In a firm some deliver quality product but there could be rain makers
who deliver clients. The former does the work but the latter makes it
possible to benefit from the work.

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 Social Capital: Features
Design of Smart Villages

 Social capital: The good will that is the result of social

relations and that can be mobilized to facilitate action
 Social capital is both "appropriable" and "convertible“
– Appropriable in the sense that an actor's network ties can be used
for purposes, such as information gathering or passing on a good
word.
– Convertible to other kinds of capital: the ties in a social network
can be converted to economic or other advantage.
 The convertibility rate of social capital into economic
capital is lower. Economic capital is most liquid

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Village
Design of Smart Villages

 A Village is a bundle of dozens of services delivered

effectively and efficiently to the residents and businesses.
 These services could be location specific depending on the
demography of the village and occupations of the residents.
 New designs, technologies and management models
should be used to upgrade the existing services such as
Power, Water, Buildings, Retail, Health care, etc.
 Requires strategy, integrated planning and also monitoring
& execution using appropriate governance models.

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Design of Smart Villages Smart Village

 The ‘smart ’ concept is in the policy arena recently

 Main focus as drivers of growth are the role of ICT
infrastructure, human capital/education, social and
relational capital and environmental factors
 Village performance depends on hard infrastructure
(physical capital), and increasingly on the availability and
quality of knowledge, communication & social
infrastructure (intellectual capital and social capital).
 A smart village has investments made in human and social
capital in addition to physical capital

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Design of Smart Villages

The Smart Village Ecosystem

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Design of Smart Villages The Basic Ecosystem

Institutions

Delivery Services
Infrastructure

Resources
Service Chains

Investment Climate
Innovation, Coevolution

Village: Investment Climate

Design of Smart Villages

 Investment climate of a village is the policy, resources,

infrastructure, institutional, and behavioral environment
that influences the returns and risks of an investment.
 The village can be a tourist location, pilgrimage centre,
or a place of historical importance etc. Mines, Forests,
Ocean shores or River banks can be part of the natural
environs of the village.
 The primary occupation of the villagers can be farming,
aqua culture, working for industries such as apparel or
leather goods or Toys.

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 State Government Citizen Groups,
Village Panchayat Regulations
(Collector, Revenue Officer) NGOs

Institutions
Land,Mining Resources
Land records

Service Delivery Technologies

Bus, Truck Transportation Water, Energy & Power
Resources
IT and Mobile Networks & Mechanisms
Agri Resources
(Seeds, Fertilizers,
Procurement, Warehousing Equipment)

Resources
& Marketing for of Smart Village Healthcare & e-health
Agricultural and SMEs
Ecosystem records at district level
Food Courts Human Resources
Social Capital
Employment in Farming,
SMEs, etc Financial Resources,
Post Office
Post office based services High school & other
(Online ticket booking, Educational Institutions
retail, etc)
Service Chains at district level

Water Rural SMEs

Affordable Primary Vocational
Purification, Retail Employment Farming (microfinance)
Housing Education N.Viswanadham training 17
Distribution Schemes(NREGS)

The Service Chains

 Some of the service chains like the Water, Power,
Design of Smart Villages

Health care are standard shared services.

 These services could redesigned to be smart using
cloud, ICT and data analytics.
 Affordable housing, Retail, Education, Skill based
training, Rural employment, Farm to market could
be specific to the Village
 Mapping each of the services, identifying strategic
players and coordinating their actions is critical for
success.
 Social capital with lead players is critical.

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Design of Smart Villages

Village Governance

Institutions
Design of Smart Villages

 The village Panchyat, State and Central

Governments are the regulators and
providers of the basic services.
 NGOs, Social Groups organize health care
and food security programs
 The Farmers are subject to APMC and other
acts

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 Governance Model
Village
Panchayat Government
Advisory Board
Funding
Industry CEOs
Agencies

Social Capital Executive

Development Director

Manager
Manager Manager Employment
Utilities Local Services Development

Rural Vocational
Water Power Health Schemes Training
Education
care

Affordable
Waste Post Office SMEs
Housing Transportation Retail
Disposal

Formulate Growth Strategies

 Formulate Growth Strategies for the village to make it self-
Design of Smart Villages

sufficient taking into account the investment climate and

protecting native occupation and heritage of the village
 If a village is a tourist location, then the growth strategies
should be aligned towards restaurants and hotels,
transportation services like cabs or buses, vocational
training to act as guides, security, working as chefs in
restaurants or kirana shops selling the unique products made
in the village, pharmacies and hospital services in a mobile
van etc.
 The residents can be trained in providing these services &
the funding agencies, Micro finance Institutions or NGOs
can be approached

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Design of Smart Villages

Pochampally Village

Occupation Number of Families

Weaving 1448
Sari Shop Owners 102

Pochampally Agriculture 402

Village Toddy Tapping 109

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Washing 93
Fishing 79
Basket Weaving 28

 Pochampally is a village 40kms outside of Hyderabad ,

called Bhoodan Pochampally. Acharya Vinobha Bhave
started Bhoodan Movement (Land Donation) from this
village.
 Famous for Pochampally ikkat tie-and-dye weave art ,
Won IP Rights in the Geographical Indications Category
(Equivalent of a Copyright or Trademark ).
 Pochampally is one of UNDPs 36 rural tourism sites, and is
supported by the Ministry of Tourism.

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 Pochampally Village
 Pochampally does more than $22 Million annual business in
Design of Smart Villages

yarn sales, purchase of handloom products and sales.

– The marketing is done through the cooperative society and APCO,
the master weavers and the business houses in Pochampally.
– Pochampally weavers association sell their products online through
pochampally.com.
– The products reach the market though various channels operated by
Middlemen.
 The vocation training institutes like Swamy Ramananda
Thirtha Rural Institute (SRTRI) near Pochampally, do not
cater to the weaving community at Pochampally.

Ministries of Textiles, Trade Regulations, Apparel Park, Citizen Groups,

Chemicals and fertilizers, Labor laws, Textile Technology up- Village Panchayat Self Help Groups,
Trade policies gradation schemes NGOs

Institutions Cotton, Silk and Fabric

Resources
Service Delivery Technologies

Bus, Truck Transportation Water, Energy & Power

Resources
Power looms, Computer
aided design Market Research and
& Mechanisms

Domain Specific research

Smart Village
Resources

IT and Mobile Networks

Pochampally Healthcare & e-health
records at district level
Procurement, Warehousing Ecosystem Human Resources
& Marketing for SMEs
UID
e- shopping, Financial Resources,
Post Office
High school & other
e-kiosks, Spoken Web Educational Institutions
Service Chains at district level

Water Vocational Retail, SMEs Rural Affordable

Utilities,
Tourism Employment Housing,
Defluoridation training Handicrafts (microfinance) Healthcare
Schemes(NREGS) education

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 Recommendations
 Pochampally as a model village of the tourism department,
has no strategic growth orientation.
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 Current focus is on Sarees and local markets. Their

competencies are in Design. Should focus on Men, Women
and Children (both Indian & Foreign) dresses and use its
social capital to link into the global value chain.
 Protect the heritage and skill of weaving pochampally sarees
by training people in other villages and encouraging more
innovation rather than keeping it in house
 Should follow advances in design and weaving automation
and environmentally friendly techniques
 Governance follows classical Panchayat model that is not
entrepreneurial.
 Social Capital wasted away with no strategic direction

Conclusion
Design of Smart Villages

 There is no denying fact that we need smart villages. This is

the biggest challenge facing all developing countries today.
 There are technologies available and they are successful
elsewhere. But the failure comes from lack of strategy,
integrated planning and execution
 The ecosystem framework of a village and city based on
its location and investment climate will guide in developing
growth strategies
 They can be replicated to millions of villages and towns
around the World and this is in line with the inclusive
growth initiatives .

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Design of Smart Villages

Applying STERM Framework to

build a Smart City

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The Five STERM forces

 Science research generates new and or improved products
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 New Technologies (Internet, Search, Solar) rapidly

emerging
 New Engineering materials and designs come out every
day.
 Institutions including Government and Social Institutions
play a very important role in service chains. Regulations
and policies with regard to infrastructure, climate change,
immigration, trade, outsourcing require attention
 New Management techniques and business models such
as outsourcing, sell direct, supply hubs, e-retail,
telemedicine , are invented to enable growth.

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 Citizen Groups,
Regulators & Policy Central /State Municipal Business
Social Activists,
Makers Governments Corporations Organizations
NGOs

Institutions
Land Resources,
Transportation Land Records

Service Delivery Technologies

Water, Power, Energy
IT and Communication Resources
Networks & Mechanisms
Business Development
Industrial Clusters

Resources
Distribution Centers
Smart City Infrastructure

Food Courts
Ecosystem roads, airports, rail

Human Resources
UID
e-kiosks, e-Retail
Financial Resources

Call Centers
Universities & Research
Service Chains Institutions

Healthcare, Retail Sewage,

Water Power Public Housing Education,
Emergency Food garbage
Network Network
July16,2010 Transportation Security Entrepreneurship
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Services Security treatment
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Innovations
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 Audio visual interfaces for all applications

 Local language support
 Equipment that can withstand harsh environments
 Low cost medical services
 Low cost housing
 Processed food & food courts with hygienic affordable
and nutritious food

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