Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
INTRODUCTION
imagination. The Handicraft Industry is one of the important productive sector. Various
attempts have been made to define this broad and diversified industry. Handicrafts can be
defined as products which are produced either completely by hand or with the help of
tools. Mechanical tools may be used as long as the direct manual contribution of the
artisan remains the most substantial component of the finished product. Handicrafts are
made from raw materials and can be produced in unlimited numbers. Such products can
Moreover, Otieno (2018) cited that handicraft business is the profession, commercial
firm or trade involving the production and distribution of articles that are made through the
skilled use of one's hands. Furthermore, Jain (2015) also stated that handicrafts were always
in huge demand for their aesthetic value. E-commerce has boosted the demand of handicraft
products in the foreign market. Some of the handicraft artisans and middlemen have joining
hands with e-commerce service providers to get the maximum benefit from utilizing e-
commerce channels of the business. The aim of such collaboration is to make handicraft
products available to customers, as well as aware them about the artistic products, and get
The E-commerce has become the vehicle of endorsement and encouragement for
handicraft sector. Ecommerce make the possible availability of such aesthetic products,
which were beyond the mind's eye earlier. The essence of ecommerce is in its after sale
services like warranty, guarantee, and repairing etc. E-commerce has been serving
customers with zeal, and for businesses with trust that is the reason ecommerce is
working truly on global scale (Petrindia, 2015). Moreover, Fillis (2017) stated that,
with on-line catalogs. The principal participants who make these online actions possible
are the transaction handlers, buyers, brokers, and sellers are at different locations, even
though the individuals involved in the transaction of ecommerce do not know each other
still the trade of goods is possible with the faith and belief.
In the traditional way of shopping, the vendor and the store are very important.
The store gives the consumer the possibility to compare, orientate and get information
about a product. The physical store and its vendors are therefore very important, because
they need to have knowledge, skills, products, and services all at one place. Important
factors are the shops location, contacts, and assortment. When a physical store meets
these qualifications, it will be successful. But when customers are going to buy products
another way, the role of the physical store will change, and that is exactly what is
happening in the retail market right now (Molenaar and Deka, 2018).
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Furthermore, Sara (2016) cited that in traditional shopping the customer simply
get in the car, drive to the favorite store and buy what the customer’s want. It is an
millions of products which the customer can see and try before purchase. This method
allows the customer to get the item right now without having to worry about the product
being lost in the mail. Also, if the customer do not like something or if something does
not fit in, customer can just simply take it back to the store and get a refund the money
back instantly rather than waiting for the postal service. Conventional shopping has a
Yang (2015) stated that traditional shopping can be very time consuming if
customer have not decided of what to buy. By contrast, online shopping allows people to
shop anytime, anywhere, and of course with no boundaries between countries. In fact,
these two ways of shopping share the same purpose, which is buying things. Yet, there
are some differences between them. The first difference between online shopping and
some online shopping stores tend to exaggerate the facts of the products. By contrast,
most traditional stores have no guts to do so. It is because real stores must display the
products in front of customers in order to let them touch and feel the products.
Bartleby (2017) also stated that in the traditional shopping, one has to leave home,
either walk or take a ride to a particular location in order to buy what one wants. There are
many ways of traditional shopping such like shopping at shopping center, outlet village,
markets or department stores. However, online shopping has been developing at a fast rate
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through recent years and more and more people are moving towards this mode of
shopping. The online shopping is typically done at home or office that you could
Moreover, Ward (2018) stated that in the traditional shopping if you are looking
for a particular item, you will find only limited choices of it. Having a limitation of
shelf space, brick and mortar shops simply cannot afford to provide large varieties of
products. You have to struggle your way through crowds of jostling people, wait in
queues to make your purchase, and you usually have to go from one store to another to
find some item you may be looking for. And that is one of the main problems of a
traditional shop.
According to Jones (2017) the biggest challenges for small business owners when
it comes to marketing and promoting your business online Proper product advertising is
very important for letting people know about your product or service and encouraging
them to purchase it. Without advertisement it is very hard to go toe to toe with your
competitors. There are many ways to advertise your product but the most effective way is
through social media like television, radio and more importantly, the Internet. The best
medium to advertise is through the Internet. Like radio and television, you can reach a
wide audience but unlike radio and television, the Internet can cater to all the people
globally and the number of people who can see your product is virtually unlimited. It is
also cost efficient because you don't have to hire models and actors, all you need is a
good website.
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Jordan (2017) and Kumar (2017) stated that, lots of small business owners get
tripped up in thinking about their business from their own point of view, rather than
putting themselves into the minds of their ideal clients. As others have said here,
marketing a small business takes timely content and all the stuff that surrounds content,
like social media and email and a great website and a bunch of other stuff. In addition,
Zain (2016) cited that one of the biggest problems a marketer or small businesses faces
these days is reaching the right audience. Advertisements are an option but an expensive
one. In such a scenario, reaching the public by oneself is deemed fit by many. Social
media outreach, blog commenting, guest posting, and all that tiring work just for traffic.
Furthermore, Madrazo (2018) cited that small business often have trouble with
reaching success in marketing, especially because they have to face competition with big
corporations and brands that have a more established name. There are many reasons for
why it’s hard to reach success. Most entrepreneurs view this as a trade-off, that to spend a
lot will get them the right people in marketing, or that to spend little will get them an
inexperienced staff. But a third option for small businesses is to outsource online workers
from other countries that have a more affordable service fee. Marketing itself is a digital
task. Furthermore, Spencer (2016) stated that the top challenge facing small business
owners is related to generating qualified leads. It's not enough to simply generate leads,
these leads must have the ability to pay and the desire for your goods or services.
consumers simply need to go to store where they can meet the seller and interact with
each other to do the transaction. In-store shopping they can browse the products or
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services they need and want. Traditional shopping let consumers to see the actual product
and so they can touch and feel or to try them on before purchasing them it is less risky
and tangible. When consumers shop traditionally they get the chance to pay by many
payment ways such as cash, credit cards or pay check. On the other side, when consumers
shopping on the internet their only way to make the payments will be by credit cards.
According to Hsiao (2017), people’s daily lives have dramatically changed in the
past ten years, which stems from the application of online shopping, saving the visit to
physical shops compared to offline shopping. Such a new kind of shopping style can be
consumers are still reluctant to purchase online due to apparent barriers, such as
financial risk, psychological risk, product performance risk and time/convenience risk.
Identified by Hsiao (2017), internet shopping has lowered transaction and search
costs (both in terms of time and money) Compared to other forms of shopping, from which
consumers usually can shop faster, choose from a wider selection, and order from the
merchant with the lowest price. First of all, with the aspect of shop speed, there is no need to
travel to stocks and malls by using online shopping, which obviously saves cost and time that
defined as two common consumer resources, leading to the accumulation of buyers’ utility.
Nevertheless, it’s the opposite case to the offline shopping. Second, as for the variety of
selection, because consumers can access to various information through the Internet by
easily clicking the hyperlinks, most of which interlink to other information around the world
and some even send out virtual signals. Thus, the information quantity
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of internet shopping is considered superior to store shopping. Third, in general,
consumers can save money by purchasing online, even though they have to afford the
shipping fee sometimes. By saving of overhead and maintenance of store fronts, online
stores are able to sell products at lower prices than physical stores.
Moreover, Jaiswal (2017) defines the advantages of online shopping, and cited
that online shopping has become a popular shopping method ever since the internet has
declared a takeover. There are many advantages of online shopping; this is the reason
why online stores are a booming business today. Some of the advantages of online
shopping is Convenience. There are no lines to wait in or cashiers to track down to help
you with your purchases, and you can do your shopping in minutes. Online shops give
us the opportunity to shop 24/7. Also you can save time, with just a couple of clicks of
the mouse, you can purchase your shopping orders and instantly move to other important
things, which can save time. And it is easy to search the merchandise you want. Those
Based on the study of Pearl Academy (2015). An online shop evokes the physical
center; the process is called business-to-consumer (B2C) online shopping. In the case
where a business buys from another business, the process is called business-to-business
(B2B) online shopping. The largest of these online retailing corporations are Alibaba,
Amazon.com, and eBay. Retail success is no longer all about physical stores. This is
evident because of the increase in retailers now offering online store interfaces for
consumers. With the growth of online shopping, comes a wealth of new market footprint
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coverage opportunities for stores that can appropriately cater to offshore market demands
and benefits, more and more people say they prefer online shopping over conventional
shopping these days. With an online store, your profits are no longer limited by the
number of customers that visits your store. You can sell across towns, states, and even
across borders, removing all geographical limitations. Your online store also allows you
to cater to shoppers who find it more convenient to browse and buy at times when retail
locations are not traditionally open. Online shopping can save time for both the buyer and
passing day, giving a serious competition to offline traders. Various online shopping
website provide some serious deals and offers which your conventional offline vendor
fails to provide. Online shopping can provide 24/7 access to products and services, you
can go online and order anything hassle free, saves your fuel and transportation cost,
shopkeeper rarely needs to face any abusive or rude customer, online shoppers don’t wait
in billing lines and can provide your valuable feedback about products and services in
online shopping.
Furthermore, Shon (2016) cited that one of the main advantages of shopping
online is the elimination of the need to drive somewhere to buy something. So, no
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frustrations of dealing with traffic snarls and no parking problems. Besides, one could use
up half your petrol merely shopping for the stuff you want. With the price of petrol being
what it is these days, the money one’s save by shopping online will often be enough to
In addition, Shon (2016) also cited Online shopping saves precious time. With the
busy lives that most of us lead these days, anything that saves time is a boon. When
people shop online, it will take a minute to log on to the Internet, about a minute or two
more to access the website of the store of one’s choice, it may take another ten to fifteen
minutes to select the items one’s want to buy, and about five minutes more to fill in the
information about your payment and get a print out of your receipt.
Katoch (2016) also defines the advantages of online shopping. (1) Incredible
convenience: In comparison to a brick and mortar store with fixed hours, online shoppers
can choose any time of the day or night to get on the Web and shop. (2) Price
comparisons: When you visit a store, you most likely have to settle for whatever price the
vendor has placed on a particular item. (3) Infinite choice: Shelf space in a brick and
mortar store is limited, which means that your variety of goods is limited. (4) Easy access
to consumer reviews: It’s easy to access consumer reviews for pretty much any product
you can think of online, which makes for more informed purchases. (5) No pressure
sales: We’ve all been awkwardly propositioned by eager salespeople. These are just some
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Furthermore, Soung (2015) also defines the benefits of online shopping. Shopping
online is one of the greatest aspect of the internet today. By shifting to shopping online
people will be able to enjoy many benefits, some of them are saving time, variety and
price. Firstly, shopping online can help people save their time. When people are so busy
and don not have time to go shopping, shopping online is so convenient for them. People
only choose goods they want and order them, in a short time it will be moved to people.
Moreover, people can shopping online any time they want or they have free time without
depend on the opening time and closing time of shop, so people can save the time for
In addition, Soung (2015) also stated that formal shop have a limited space, so the
number of good is also. Sometimes people cannot find a good, which they prefer and they
must to come to many different shops to find it. However, in online shop, people can
choose any good they want or prefer in only one shop. The number of good in online
shop is so variety and more, beside online shop always update new types of good, which
people cannot find in normal shops. The price of goods in online shop is lower than
formal shop. Because formal shop must hire space to business so the price of goods in it
are high, online shop do not need to hire space they only need to create a website to
advertise their goods, it’s so simple and not waste much money, beside they do not waste
money to rent employee, so the price is suitable with customer and not too high. In
conclusion, shopping online have more benefits for people, it help people save their time,
their money and goods in online shop are so variety and it’s very convenient for people.
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Based on the study of Alvis (2016), online shopping is the process of buying goods
and services from merchants over the internet. Since the emergence of the World Wide Web,
merchants have sought to sell their products to people who spend time online. Shoppers can
visit web stores from the comfort of their homes and shop as they sit in front of the computer.
Consumers can buy a huge variety of items from online stores, and just about anything can
be purchased from companies that provide their products online. Books, clothing, household
appliances, toys, hardware, software, and health insurance are just some of the hundreds of
In addition to Alvis (2016), Kuczwara (2017) also discussed that online shopping
is being able to shop anytime, anywhere is a significant motivator that pushes the more
than $294 billion in annual online sales. With this number expected to increase to $414
consideration for many shoppers. Consumers also cite less "overhead" in an online
shopping experience. When shopping, many stop to get a treat or a meal. Also, being at a
physical store can lead to impulse purchases or shopping in stores that you wouldn't
otherwise have gone to. The online experience allows consumers to be laser-focused on
their intended purchases. More and more consumers are also pointing to the hassle of
shopping in a store, such as standing in line or dealing with crowds, as a reason they turn
to an online retailer.
Moreover, WebFinance Inc. (2018) also cited that Online Shopping is the act of
purchasing products or services over the Internet. Online shopping has grown in
popularity over the years, mainly because people find it convenient and easy to bargain
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shop from the comfort of their home or office. One of the most enticing factor about
online shopping, particularly during a holiday season, is it alleviates the need to wait in
Based on the developer’s interview in BJMP, the PDL are finding some
difficulties in selling handicrafts outside the jail. They also have some difficulties in
earning money inside. And one of the Jail Officer said that they have some difficulties in
finding resellers and lack of time to negotiate with other customers. Livelihood programs
are critical component of rehabilitation among inmates prior to their reintegration back
to their respective communities. That is why the developers would like to propose an
One of the major problems faced by PDL is lack of proper marketing. They
cannot promote their product outside the BJMP themselves. Marketing and promoting
their livelihood products will definitely get them a new customers. Since they are inside
the BJMP, they are not that much aware of the customers outside. They cannot
approach the customers, attract the customers, retain them and to establish a
knowledgeable customer base they can develop which brings them a customer loyalty
that can provide them more referrals. And also one of the main problems faced by PDL
is the place to sell their products. They mainly rely on the resellers to sell their
livelihood products. That’s also the main reasons of the unorganized way these products
are being sold by resellers at much higher prices which other customers cannot afford.
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The project bilibid-crafts.ph is an online shopping website for handicrafts which
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) in Dagupan City. This project is an
attempt to provide the advantages of online shopping to customers. It helps buying the
products of PDL in the BJMP anywhere through internet. Thus the customer will get
the service of online shopping and home delivery from us. This project deals with
developing an e-commerce website for livelihood products of the BJMP which are
handicrafts. This project will allow the PDL to increase scope of business by reducing
The main goal of bilibid-crafts.ph is to help all PDL gain revenue upon selling
their livelihood products. Also, one of the main purpose of the project is to promote the
products made by PDL. By helping them you are also helping their families outside,
and our team believes that if you help other people, they will do the same thing you did
on others. This project aimed to develop an online shopping website prototype selling
mainly livelihood products of PDL in BJMP. The only subject in this project is the
BJMP Dagupan City, but if this project was officially deployed online the developers
would like to encourage other branches of BJMP around the Philippines to coordinate
The target customers of this project are Handicraft Collector, Art Collector, House
Designers and Reseller. The developers also consider Advertiser as one of our customers,
since they will pay if they want to advertise their product or services in our website.
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Since the PDL of BJMP don’t have the authority to use computers or mobile phones, the
developers will become the admin of the bilibid-crafts.ph. The main goal of the project is
to help PDL earn revenue. J/Dir Deogracias Carreon Tapayan said “Since the livelihood
craft serves not only as a therapeutic activity for PDL who are still awaiting trial but each
product is a reflection of life painted with faith, hope and love.” Tapayan noted that each
brand handicraft speaks of the program of the agency on welfare and development of
persons deprived of liberty. This is also why the developers chose this project, and the
developers wants to showcase their product to remove the discrimination and to show
Conceptual Framework
Conceptual framework is one part of the study that has to be done. Paradigm is
Inputs are requirements needed for the development of the study. In identifying
needed in the study. The inputs are the process of the bilibid-crafts.ph, the problems
encountered by the developers are they find difficulties in selling handicrafts of PDL of
BJMP outside the jail, difficulties in earning revenue inside the jail, difficulties of
finding resellers of handicrafts and for the customers, difficulties in finding handicrafts
conducted to ensure that the developers will meet the necessary requirements for the
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bilibid-crafts.ph. The developers used the Rapid Application Development as their guide
in the development of the study. The Rapid Application Development phases are
The output will be the Bilibid-Crafts.ph. Figure 1.1 shows the research paradigm
of the study.
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This study aims to design, develop and test the online shopping website for
This study will give good opportunities for the PDL by making it easier for them
to sell the handmade crafts made by them. The livelihood program helps them to
gain profit even they are in jail so they can send money to their families. The developers
came up with an idea of helping PDL sell their products, it is a website called the bilibid-
crafts.ph where products made can be posted online and buyers can order through it.
Online selling has a number of advantages over selling by traditional methods, including:
Making savings in set-up and operational costs. Reducing order processing costs - customer
orders can automatically come straight into seller’s database from the website. Being able to
receive payment more quickly from online transactions. Improving offers using the data
gathered. This has advantage to both the customer and the seller. Time and effort can be
lessen and they can have a good relationship with their customers. This study can maximize
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well. The more customers they have, the larger amount of money they can send to their
families.
The study would contribute to the general knowledge and would lessen
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP). They supervise and control
the administration and operation of all district, city and municipal jails with pronged tasks
of safekeeping and development of its inmates. They help the PDL by giving those
materials to use in creating handicrafts. They also get benefits from the project by
Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL). They make handicrafts inside the BJMP.
They are the main reason why this project was proposed. PDL can earn revenues in using
the web application. The bilibid-crafts.ph is very useful for them in selling their
livelihood products. With this project the handicrafts made by PDL will be showcased
Customers. They are the ones who buys the handicraft of the PDL in the bilibid-
crafts.ph. The project would help the customers to easily find and buy the handicrafts
they want. By purchasing the products of PDL, they can help them financially. Customers
are extremely important in the business. Without the customers we are nothing.
Developers. The study will widen the knowledge of the developers. The study has
also helped the developers to acquire knowledge regarding the project. With the use of
gathered information about the facts of the process involved in the study, it helps
developers to get their idea in their project. It will serve as a training ground to enhance
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their potential and harness and competitiveness. The developers enhance their skills in
building the study that could later applied in their future career.
Future Developers. This study can be provided as a basis and reference for future
studies related to developing an adverting the project. This will give the future developers
ideas regarding the flow and function of the project. Future developers are in charge of
the entire development process for a software program in the future. They must identify
products made by the PDL of BJMP Dagupan City. The web application will provide a
security module which will have two level of access such as Administrators and
Customers. Since the PDL don’t have the privilege to access any devices such as
Administrator is fully responsible for monitoring and maintaining the website since
they have access on some modules which are hidden on customers. And also they are
the responsible in packing the package and delivering it to the delivery partner. At first,
the system will only have one administrator who has the authority to add more
administrators by filling up the form which is available only in the Admin module. This
form will need some information of the personnel such as full name, contact number,
username, and password. Registration can be easily done by filling up the form with
their personal information such as first name, last name, address, contact number, and
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email address is also required. Log in information must also fill up by providing a
preferred username and password. The Log-in page can be found in the homepage and
in a separate page. The registered users must be verified first in order to log-in
successfully. Registered and unregistered customers can browse the store. But only the
registered customers can place an order in the store. Ordering can be done just by
clicking the Add to Cart button in the bottom part of the product. The system
automatically adds the item to the consumer’s Shopping Cart. The Shopping Cart
contains the summary of the orders such as product name, quantity, price, and the total
Also the web application has a 24 hours generous easy return policy, if only the
product was destroyed or deformed during the shipping process. In addition, the
The products and their description input should be coming from the admins, and
they should consult the PDL of what will be the appropriate price of the product. This
means that the system must be reliable to the inputs the admins are giving through the
system. The said web application will only run on browsers, such as Google Chrome,
Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer and other browsers. The web application will only
post specific products, and exclusively for the handicraft made by PDL. And there is a
customer’s service but there is no portal for the customer and admin to chat. But there’s
a customer service that if it was clicked the user will be redirected in facebook’s
messenger. This is where the user can chat the admins through messenger. There is
delivery logistics embedded on the project. This is where the user track their parcels.
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The developers will first implement this project BJMP Dagupan City, but if this project
was deployed online the developers would like to encourage other branches of BJMP
around the Philippines to coordinate and collaborate for the said project.
Definition of Terms
Bilibid-Crafts.ph. An online shopping website which aims to help PDL sell their
livelihood products.
the Department of the Interior and Local Government mandated to direct, supervise
and control the administration and operation of all district, city and municipal jails in
the Philippines with pronged tasks of safekeeping and development of its inmates.
Handicrafts. The products that were made by the PDL. The finish products
Online Shopping. The action or activity of buying goods or services via the
Internet.
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Security. Is defined as a process to create rules and actions to take to protect
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Chapter 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Traditional Shopping
In the traditional way of shopping the vendor and the store are very important.
The store gives the consumer the possibility to compare, orientate and get information
about a product. The physical store and its vendors are therefore very important, because
they need to have knowledge, skills, products, and services all at one place. Important
factors are the shops location, contacts, and assortment. When a physical store meets
these qualifications, it will be successful. But when customers are going to buy products
another way the role of the physical store will change, and that is exactly what is
happening in the retail market right now (Molenaar and Deka, 2018).
shopping still allows for more ground to the consumer in terms of being able to
physically check out and even try out the merchandise that he wants. Imagine going to a
store, think of your favorite store in the nearest mall to where you live. You get into the
store, slowly walking from rack to rack, checking out the display, putting a dress over
your body and trying to check out your reflection on one of the nearby full-view mirrors
that are placed all around the store. You move on to the next display rack, and probably
make another selection and do the same thing you did earlier. This is what traditional
shopping is about. Having the ability to physically choose and check out what an item or
product is like, would look like, and what its features are. This is why some consumers
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still prefer the traditional type of shopping over online shopping because for one, it
allows them to meticulously check out an item. Some consumers are not quite certain
with their own size, sometimes fitting a size that would normally be bigger or smaller
than their actual size. So in retrospect, while online shopping has not just numerous
benefits and advantages as explained by many online consumers as well as studies and
surveys, there are still conventional shoppers who like to check out the product that
Moreover, based on the study of “Study Moose” (2016) also discussed that in
traditional shopping you simply get in your car, drive to your favorite store (possibly with
a friend with you) and buy what you want. It is an opportunity to socialize as well as
having the excitement of being in a store with millions of products which you can see and
try before you purchase. This method allows you to get the item right now without having
to worry about the product being lost in the mail. Also, if you don’t like something or if
something doesn’t fit you can just simply take it back to the store and get a refund or your
money back instantly rather than waiting for the postal service. Conventional shopping
Yang (2015) stated that traditional shopping can be very time consuming if customer
haven’t made the decision of what to buy. By contrast, online shopping allows people to
shop anytime, anywhere, and of course with no boundaries between countries. In fact, these
two ways of shopping share the same purpose, which is buying things. Yet, there are some
24
and traditional shopping is authenticity. To make an appealing advertisement of products,
some online shopping stores tend to exaggerate the facts of the products. By contrast, most
traditional stores have no guts to do so. It is because real stores must display the products in
front of customers in order to let them touch and feel the products.
In addition, Yang (2015) also stated that shopping online reduces limitations. It is
so convenient that you can shop anytime and anywhere. For example, you can easily visit
the website, find the product you want to buy and wait for the product being delivered to
you. If you need time to reconsider about the products, all you have to do is put the
product in the virtual shopping bag or on the virtual wish list. Usually, you have to pay
additional shipping costs while shopping online. By contrast, real store shopping is not
convenient for people who live far away from stores. Real store shopping is too time
consuming for customers to drive to the stores. In other words, shopping online is more
convenient than shopping in traditional stores. But, there are consumers who exist beyond
the rosy glow of the department stores—those who have no cars, no access to the
Internet, and who live in a cash economy, whose shopping budgets are too small to
qualify for shipment costs, and who need their local shops for social contact and face-to-
face communication. For those kinds of customers, it is more convenient to shop nearby
than online stores so that they can pay and get the products immediately.
Mava (2015) also defined the traditional shopping means we need to go to the streets
or markets if we need something. We can decide whether to buy or not by our true feelings.
All the goods in the stores are visible to customers. Unlike traditional shopping, online
shopping depends on the Internet. You can find many shopping websites such as
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Taobao and Amazon and buy what you need without going out. We can only get the
In the study of Dutt (2016), offline shopping, customer will find less variety or
options for the products or services. Since there are limitations of availability of offline
shops and each shop has a limitation of space so you have not such huge choice to choose
as customer find in an online shopping. You can access an endless shopping website and
find a huge option for a single item customer want to buy. Since customer have physical
limitations to go shop to shop at once, customer may end with empty hands after a
shopping session if customer do not find the product of his choice. And for the same
product, customer need to go outside frequently and make a lot of effort to find the
Furthermore, Bartleby (2016) also stated that in the traditional shopping, one has
to leave home, either walk or take a ride to a particular location in order to buy what one
wants. There are many ways of traditional shopping such like shopping at shopping
center, outlet village, markets or department stores. However, online shopping has been
developing at a fast rate through recent years and more and more people are moving
towards this mode of shopping. The online shopping is typically done at home or office
stores generally have higher running costs than online retailers, with electricity, water,
26
rent and more to pay for every month. This allows less room for error when it comes to
your initial financial investment. With an offline store, you can see funding dry up very
quickly if you’re not careful. Also, just as location can be a virtue, it can also be a curse
for some bricks-and-mortar stores. Not picking the correct location could seriously
hamper your success, no matter how great your product offering is. You also have no
control over what goes on around your store. A competitor could open next door and eat
away at your business or the up-keep of the area might not be desirable and potential
In addition, from the previous literatures, Mcrill (2017) stated that Traditional
placed in the newspaper, it can't change until you place another ad. On the other hand, on
the Internet you can instantly update your page to let people know your bicycles are
"sold out.". You must pay for ads in newspapers or mailers every time you run a new
campaign. Adding new products or sales pages to your website doesn't create additional
costs if you already have a person on your team who can update your product
information. Traditional marketing companies may charge per delivery area for fliers or
mailers. On the Internet, your ad is accessible to the entire World Wide Web. Traditional
marketing can present special sales and pricing. However, it is typically more difficult to
offer complex bundle pricing. Most print marketing doesn't have the space to explain all
the different pricing variations that may appeal to buyers. An online catalog may present
you with an offer that if you buy four items from one category, you get a free item from
another category.
27
The literatures above describes the traditional process of buying goods and
services. The strategies, tactics and methods about marketing planning mention in the
articles increased the range of the project expanding it to fulfil the needs of the project.
The developers earned most of the existing process with this related literatures which are
used as a weapon to create the project that can help the PDL.
“Hardware and Software” (2013) cited that the hardware and software
components of a computer system are required to install and use software efficiently. The
application is the physical computer resources therefore can be touched, also known as
In addition, “Hardware and Software” (2013) also stated. The power of the central
processing unit (CPU) is a fundamental system requirement for any software. Mostly
software running on x86architecture define processing power as the model and the clock
speed of the CPU. Many other features of CPU that influences it speed and power, like
bus speed, cache, and MIPS are often ignored. This definition of power is often
erroneous, as AMD Athlon and Intel Pentium CPUs at similar clock speed often have
different throughput speeds. Intel Pentium CPUs have enjoyed considerable degree of
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Moreover, “Hardware and Software” (2013) added that, you’ll need computer that
has plenty of memory and hard drive. There’s no official quota when it comes to RAM
(Random Access Memory) or CPU speed, but experts say that a post-2000 processor (e.g
Pentium II or Celeron II) would be sufficient, along with at least 512 megabytes of
memory. Most computers purchased within the last 7 or 8 years will meet these
requirements.
Most software defines two sets of system: minimum and recommended. With
increasing demand for higher processing power and resources in newer versions of
in case of operating system. An HCL list tested, compatible, and sometimes incompatible
deal with defining software resource requirements and prerequisites that need to be
Requirements” 2013).
All software, when run, resides in random access memory (RAM) of a computer.
Memory requirements are defined after considering demands of the application, operating
system, supporting software and files, and other running processes. Optimal performance of
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when defining this requirement (“Memory”, 2013). All computer operating system are
designed for particular computer architecture. Most software applications are limited to
computer and related devices. Internal hardware devices include motherboards, hard
drives and RAM. External hardware devices include monitors, keyboards, mouse,
printers and scanners. While Software Requirements is a general term that describes
computer programs. Related terms such as software programs, application, scripts and
instruction sets all fall under the category of computer software (“Hardware and Software
Requirements”, 2013).
system requirements (software). Software may not be compatible with different versions
compatibility is often maintained. For example, most software designed for Microsoft
Windows XP does not run on Microsoft Windows 98, although the converse is not
always true. Similarly, software designed using newer features of Linux Kernel v2.6
generally does not run or compile properly (or at all) on Linux distributions using
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As stated by Florida State University (2010), these are the minimum and
recommend hardware requirements for the laptop. The minimum requirements are
what we feel will be the bare minimum configuration for the laptop. The recommend
requirements are what we feel will be optimal configuration for your laptop.
includes a set of use cases that describe all of the interactions that the users will have
with the software. In addition to use cases, the SRS contains functional requirements,
which define the internal workings of the software: that is, the calculations, technical
details, data manipulation and processing, and other specific functionality that shows
how the use cases are to be satisfied. It also contains nonfunctional requirements, which
The literature above serves as a guide for the developers to deterring what the
hardware and software requirements are used by the system. The developers used PHP as
a language for the development of back end of the system. MySQL is also used for the
database of the project. The following will describe the hardware or the physical
component required for the computer system needed for the implementation of the
Bilibid-crafts.ph. Similarly, it will describe the software and the system shall be coded
31
Features of e-commerce
According to Margaret Rouse (2016) Functional requirements deals with what the
system should do or provide for users. They include description of the required functions,
outlines of associated reports or online queries, and details of data to be held in the
system. One of the requirements analysis which is an interdisciplinary field that concerns
the design and maintenance of complex systems. It is the desired end function of a system
operating within normal parameters, so as to assure the design is adequate to make the
desired product and the end product reaches its potential of the design in order to meet
user expectations.
requirements (FR) determine how the system is expected to behave and what kind of
effects it should produce in the application domain. In layman’s term, it refers to the
and stories. They ensure the usability and effectiveness of the entire system. Failing to
meet any one of them can result in systems that fail to satisfy internal business, user, or
that, unlike functional requirements, are typically revisited as part of the Definition of
Done (DoD) for each Iteration, Program Increment (PI), or release. Non-functional
32
requirements exist in all backlogs: Team, Program, Solution, and Portfolio. Proper
them, and the solution may be too costly to be viable; under-specify or underachieve
them, and the system will be inadequate for its intended use. An adaptive and incremental
features of electronic commerce. Without proper protocols in place, online retailers put
themselves and their customers at risk for payment fraud. Smaller stores face even greater
ecommerce security risks due to insufficient internet safety from cybercriminals. Records
show one in five small business retailers fall victim to credit card fraud every year, with
60 of those stores being forced to close within six months. Not only is hacking a huge
risk for all online merchants, but accepting a fraudulent payment also comes at the cost of
having to refund the charges. Outside of financial consequences, data breaches damage a
brand’s reputation and can cause once loyal customers to avoid putting their information
at risk again. However, using the right tools will minimize the threat of fraud and instill
“Network Solutions” (2014) discussed that Ecommerce shopping carts are like
engines that keep online stores running smoothly. You'll be taking your customers along for
the ride, so you'll want to choose an ecommerce shopping cart that not only meets your
needs, but theirs as well. While your unique goals and budget will determine which
33
ecommerce shopping cart is right for your online store, certain ecommerce shopping
cart features can help you boost customer confidence and encourage repeat sales.
According to “Honkiat” (2018), The shopping cart, login box and search box
features are usually placed together at every eCommerce site. It’s almost impossible to
imagine a store without a shopping-cart function included. The most popular shopping
cart icon is a simple basket so it makes sense to choose something similar for your
site. Many stores also provide their customers with private accounts where it’s
possible to check all their previous and current orders. Every customer who signs up
can choose a personal login and password for further access. Besides, owners of such
accounts can receive special discount offers from the store owners and participate in
In addition, “Honkiat” (2018) also discussed that, free shipping is also a crowd
favorite. You are now selling to the world, not just to the local market, so you should take
the shipping costs into account. To save themselves from unwarranted shipping
expenditures, many online stores usually adjust the minimum order price to include
shipping costs. As for the customers, buying from big retailers and online brand stores
usually result in major if not multiple purchases. Hence, the order price for free shipping
is marginal and not a deterrent for these buyers. Moreover, buying things on the Web
even without the holiday deals may even be cheaper than in shops and boutiques — that’s
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Moreover, “Honkiat” (2018) added that, with online shopping, buyers interact
with sellers via computer networks making transactions that are no longer geographically
bound. When there is a problem however, customers would more likely prefer to have
someone they can talk with. This is the core of the need for a store support team; 24/7
hotlines and live chats are highly appreciated forms of value-added customer service. If
online purchases can be done all day and all night long, there is a need to provide 24-
hours customer services to solve the majority of pre-sale and after-sale questions.
Moreover, people can go online from their working places or from home, so a purchase
and any accompanying enquiry may come at any time of the day.
types of e-commerce features to consider for online selling success. Some e-commerce
access to assistance. Wait times are also usually shorter than a call center, and both
customers and live chat agents can multitask while participating in a live chat. Live chat
also helps companies cut down costs on their customer service expenses. Unlike voice
calls, which require at least one dedicated customer service representative per customer
call, live chat operators can answer the queries of multiple customers at once—without
sacrificing the quality of their interactions. Additionally, live chat also helps advance
customer purchases. 38% of customers say that they made a purchase as a result of a live
chat session.
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Furthermore, “Icons8” (2017) stated that the major pitfall of online shopping is
the fact that you cannot physically touch or experience a product. Because of this,
including functionality for user reviews is important. Reviews may be the only thing
online shoppers have to rely on (besides information provided by you, which can be
seen as biased) to make a purchase decision. 92% of shoppers read reviews. In fact, the
star rating is the first factor customers consider when judging a website. 71% of
consumers say they use online reviews to decide whether or not to make a purchase, and
consider online reviews more credible than they would a salesperson (which is
completely understandable). Reviews don’t just influence purchase decisions, but also
have up to 10% impact on businesses search rankings, so don’t be afraid to ask for one
leave an online review when asked. And before you start worrying about the possibilities
of public negative feedback, you’ll be happy to hear this: 52% of customers trust a
The review of literature and studies above serve as a guidelines and foundations
for the development in the features of the project. The developers identified the different
features will the user a great experience. The main goal is to fulfil the customer’s needs
36
Acceptability of the e-commerce sites
An acceptability test examines the attitudes that major stakeholders have toward
satisfies its acceptance criteria and to enable the customer to determine whether or not to
accept the system. Acceptability tests would also help the developers examine, locate
bugs and errors and refine or fix it in order to meet customer demand (Lacson, 2014).
Sorrels (2010) defined that User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is performed after the
application is created. The application will have already through unit, integration and
system testing before reaching this testing stage. Acceptance Testing gives the user time
to run the application and verify if it meets all the requirements that were set forth to the
developers. Acceptance testing will help filter out any bugs that need to be address.
According to Schwarz and Chin (2013), the continuing quest to ensure user-acceptance of
information systems and technology is an ongoing management challenge and one that
has occupied the research community to the extent that adoption and diffusion research is
now considered to be among the more mature areas of exploration within the IS
discipline.
of good practice. However, they do not delve into implementation details, such as
37
legal/regulatory requirements that surround information governance – begins to paint
Acceptance Testing is a level of the software testing where a system is tested for
acceptability. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the system’s compliance with the
business requirements and assess whether it is acceptable for delivery. Formal testing
with respect to user needs, requirements, and business processes conducted to determine
whether or not a system satisfies the acceptance criteria and to enable the user, customers
or other authorized entity to determine whether or not to accept the system Definition by
ISTQB (N.D).
System Acceptance is the point in the lifecycle at which every aspect of the
application being developed, along with any supporting data conversion routines and
System Implementation with the highest level of confidence possible in the success of the
throughout prior testing efforts, they now assume an even more critical role in the testing
efforts in that they now need to exercise the system in the way that they will once the full
Furthermore Orozco (2011) stated the confirming operating of the system and it’s fit
to the business needs that it is intended to satisfy, System Acceptance is point in the
38
lifecycle during which all supporting documentation and reference materials are
usage scenario. The terms "functional test", "acceptance test" and "customer test" are
used more or less interchangeably. A more specific term "story test", referring to user
importantly it measures the quality of the application”. Testing presupposes there are
defects in the software waiting to be discovered and this view is rarely disproved or even
disputed. Several factors contributed to the importance of UAT testing a high priority of
Moreover Agile Alliance (2010), Acceptance testing has the following benefits,
complementing those which can be obtained from unit tests: 1) encouraging closer
collaboration between developers on the one hand and customers, users or domain
experts on the other, as they entail that business requirements should be expressed;
product which passes acceptance tests will be considered adequate (though customers
and developers might refine existing tests or suggest new ones as necessary);
3)decreasing the chance and severity both of new defects and regressions.
39
According to Dillion (as cited in Garcia, 2013) despite significant investments in
information technology in developed nations over recent decades, concern exists over the
extent to which such expenditures have produced the intended benefits. At least part of this
concern is based around the issue of whether any information technology is accepted by its
intended users. Human factors professionals are interested in understanding the determinants
of acceptance and ensuring new designs are built and implemented so as to minimize
resistance. This concern has extended the traditional ergonomic concern with usability, or
The literature discussed here serve as a guide for the developers to come up with a
study about online shopping for handicrafts. Since there are traditional process in selling
handicrafts, the bilibid-crafts.ph will surely improve the sales of the handicrafts of the
PDL. The developers must match the wants and needs of the users in order for them to
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