 Answer the following

questions :
1. What are the goals of O.b. ?
2. What are the main roles played by managers?
3. Explain some organizational learned practices.
4. What are the main basic general dimension that describe Personality
5. What are the components of perception ?

Answer
 The goals of O.b. :
The field of organizational behaviour has a number of goals :
1. Predicting organizational behaviour.
2. Explaining organizational behaviour.
3. Managing organizational behaviour.

 The main roles played by managers are :

a) Interpersonal Roles: are behaviours that have to do with
establishing and maintaining interpersonal relations.
b) Informational Roles: are concerned with various ways the
manager receives and transmits information.
c) Decisional Roles : They deal with decision making.

 Organizational learned practices :

a) organizational behaviour Modification :
 It involves the systematic use of learning principles to influence
organizational behaviour.
  An example of the use of organizational behaviour modification
involves the improving of the attendance of the employees.
 A second example of the use of organizational behaviour modification
involves the reinforcement of safe working behaviour.

b) Training and Formal Learning :

Training refers to planned organizational activities that are designed
to facilitate knowledge and skill acquisition and the learning of
important job-related behaviours.

c) Informal Learning :
refers to experiences that are not planned and designed by the
organization. Example of informal learning include a senior
employee showing a new employee how to use a machine.

d) Work environment :
 Continuous-learning work environment refers to a work
environment in which learning is considered to be an important
part of everyday work life.
 Employees regularly work together to find new and better ways
performing their jobs and exchange information about work
problems and solutions.

 The main basic general dimensions that

describe Personality:
a) Extraversion : the extent to which a person is outgoing versus shy
(some people enjoy social situations while others avoid them).
b) Emotional Stability : is the degree to which a person has
appropriate emotional control.

c) Agreeableness : the extent to which a person is friendly and

approachable.

d) Conscientiousness : the degree to which person is responsible

and achievement oriented (dependable and positively or not).

e) Openness to Experience : the extent to which a person thinks

flexibly and is receptive to new ideas.

 The components of perception :

Perception has three components :
a) A perceiver.
b) A target that is being perceived.
c) A situational component influence the perceiver's impression of
the target.
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 Define each of the following :

1. Organization.
2. O.b
3. Contingency approach
4. Emotional stability
5. Personality
6. Self-management
7. Informal learning
 8. Perception
9. Attribution
10. Situational attribution
11. Workforce diversity

Answer
 Organization :
Organizations are social inventions for accomplishing common goals
through group effort.

 Organizational Behaviour (O.b) :

Organizational behaviour refers to the attitudes and behaviours of
individuals and groups in organizations in order to manage and
change them.

 Contingency approach :
is an approach to management that recognizes that there is one best
way to manage, and that an appropriate management style depends
on the demand of the situation.

 Emotional stability :
is the degree to which a person has appropriate emotional control.

 Personality :
is the relatively stable set of psychological characteristics that
influences the way an individual interacts with his environment.

 Self-management :
 means that, we have been concerned with how organizations and
individual mangers can use learning principles to manage the
behaviour of organizational members. However, according to social
learning theory, employees can use learning principles to manage
their own behaviour, making external control less necessary.

 Informal learning :
refers to experiences that are not planned and designed by the
organization. Example of informal learning include a senior
employee showing a new employee how to use a machine.

 Perception :
is the process of interpreting the messages of our senses to provide
order and manning to the environment.

 Attribution :
is the process by which we assign causes or motives to explain
people's behaviour.

v Situational attribution :
suggest that the external situation or environment in which the target
person exists was responsible for the behaviour, and that the person
might have had little control over the behaviour. If we explain
behaviour as a function of bad weather, good luck, poor advice, we
are making situational attributions.

11. Workforce diversity :

refers to differences among employees or potential recruits in
characteristics, such as gender, age, religion, cultural background,
physical ability.