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Sarika B. Dhule
Grad. Student, Master of Engineering, (Civil - Soil)
Government College of Engineering, Aurangabad (M.S), India
e-mail: sarika.sarkate2@gmail.com
S.S. Valunjkar
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Government College of Engineering, Karad (M.S), India
e-mail: ss valunjkar@yahoo.co.in
S.D. Sarkate
Associate Professor, Department of Mathematics, Milind College of
Science, Aurangabad (M.S), India; e-mail: sdsarkate@gmail.com
S.S. Korrane
Lecturer in Civil Engineering Department, Government College of
Engg. Aurangabad, (M.S) India
ABSTRACT
Weaker soils are generally clayey and expansive in nature which are having lesser strength
characteristics. Technique of improving the soil with geogrid increase the stiffness and load carrying
capacity of the soil through fractional interaction between the soil and geogrid material improving
black cotton soil. The load coming on the road crust is transferred to the underlying soil. If the soil
supporting the road crust is weaker, the crust thickness of road increases, which leads to the more cost
of construction. To achieve the economy and for proper performance of road, it is necessary to
improve the soil. In the present work locally available sub-grade soil of the road is modified by
addition of geotextile material in different percentage i.e.1%, 2% and 2.5% and 3% respectively.
Similarly geogrid is been used for improvement in properties of soft murum has also been studied.
Also geogrid is used in mix of soil and 2% cement in different proportion to study its effects. With
these attempts it will be possible to find out optimum mixes which are to be used for further
construction to achieve desired stability and economy in construction. For this purpose different test
were performed i.e sieve analysis, liquid limit, Plastic limit, Standard proctor test to find its maximum
water content and maximum dry density, specific gravity, Laboratory Unsoaked CBR and Laboratory
soaked CBR test to find it resistance to penetration. For different percentage of geogrid with soil,
murum and murum and cement economical cost analysis was carried out. Most economical mix with
geogrid is suggested from this study.
KEYWORDS: Flexible Pavement, Geogrid, Unsoaked CBR.
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 270
INTRODUCTION
Geogrids used within a pavement system perform two of the primary functions of Geosynthetics:
separation and reinforcements. Due to the large aperture size associated with most commercial geogrid
products, geogrids are typically not used for achieving separation of dissimilar material. The ability of a
geogrid to separate two material is a function of the gradations of the two material and is generally
outside the specifications for typical pavement materials. However, geogrids can theoretically provide
some measure of separation, albeit limited. For this reason , separation is a secondary function of geogrids
used in pavements. The primary function of geogrids used pavements in reinforcement, in which the
geogrid mechanically improves the engineering properties of the pavement system. The reinforcement
mechanisms associated with geogrids.
MATERIALS USED
Soil
Table 1: Engineering Properties of Soil and Murum.
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 271
Reinforcement
The geotextile used in the present study is of high strength polyester geogrids patented by Kolon
International Corporation, Korea as Kologrid. The properties of Kologrid are as obtained from the
manufacturer are given below.
Roll Length m 50 50 50
SAMPLE PREPARATION
Geogrid reinforced sample with soil, murum and murum with addition of cement were prepared at
maximum dry density, γdmax and optimum moisture content obtained by conducting Standard proctor test
on unreinforced soil. Samples were prepared by adding geogrid by 1 percent, 2 percent, 2.5 percent and 3
percent by weight of soil.
The amount of soil and geogrid required to fill standard mould at dry density was worked out and
water was added. Geogrids were placed in layers in layers in soil. In moist soil mix geogrid was
transferred to the mould in three layers and compaction was carried out using tamping of successive
layers to achieve a fairly uniform density throughout the depth of the sample.
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 272
SELECTION OF TESTS
When soil is used in pavement construction, in addition to strength, it should have good bonding
properties. To examine the possibility of using geogrid to improve strength of soil in pavement, various
laboratory tests were carried out. As a compaction test, Standard Proctor test is carried out which gives
the values of Maximum Dry Density (MDD) and Optimum Moisture Contents (OMC), for which samples
are prepared for testing. The CBR test gives the CBR values of the soil specimen, which is required for
the pavement design. Rather basic tests as Sieve Analysis, Liquid Limit Test, and Plastic Limit Tests were
performed.
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 273
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 274
1.65
1.60
Density gm/cm
3
1.55
1.50
1.45
1.40
1.35
1.30
15.2 18.5 25.0 26.8 2 7.2
1.74
1.72
Density gm/cm
3
1.70
1.68
1.66
1.64
1.62
1.60
11.2 13.1 14.5 13.9 14.6
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 275
10.00
8.00
CBR
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0
5.00
4.00
CBR
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 276
15.00
CBR
10.00
5.00
0.00
1.0 2.0 6.36 2.5 3.0
15.00
CBR
10.00
5.00
0.00
6.36
1.0 2.0 2.5 3.0
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 277
47.00
46.50
CBR 46.00
45.50
45.00
1.0 2.0 6.36 2.5 3.0
56.00
54.00
CBR
52.00
50.00
48.00
1.0 2.0 6.36 2.5 3.0
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 278
DISCUSSION
The results of the test are discussed here with. An attempt is made to know the causes for the change
in different characteristics of soil due to addition of varying percentages of geogrid in the soil. The
properties of soil with and without reinforcement are given below.
Compaction Characteristics
The optimum moisture content (OMC) of the soil is 25 and that of murum is14.5. The maximum dry
density of soil is 1.408 and that of murum is 1.72.
CONCLUSION
The results of the test are discussed here with. The attempt is made to know the causes for the
change in different characteristics of soil due to addition of varying percentages of geogrid in the soil. The
properties of soil with and without reinforcement are given below.
• The optimum moisture content (OMC) of the soil is 25 and that of murum is 14.5. The maximum
dry density of soil is 1.6 and that of murum is 1.72. The customary dry density versus water
content Figures are plotted to obtain these values.
• The Figures between geogrid content and CBR values are given in Figs. 3 to 8. From the results it
can be seen that the CBR values increase with the addition of geotextile when compacted for
constant density. The purpose of compaction is to improve the quality of the soil used as a
subgrade material for roads. The important properties are high shear strength, low permeability
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Vol. 16 [2011], Bund. C 279
and little tendency to settle under repeated loading. The maximum compaction is possible at the
OMC and MDD of the soil. Therefore, test of OMC and MDD serve as guide and basis to get the
maximum compaction in the field.
• The CBR value for Unsoaked soil is 3.02 and with addition of 1 percent geogrid is 4.77, 2 percent
geogrid is 6.36, 2.5 percent geogrid is 7.473 and 3 percent geogrid is 8.904.
• The CBR value for Unsoaked Murum is 6.5 and with addition of 1 percent geogrid is 6.36, 2
percent geogrid is 8.26, 2.5 percent geogrid is 11.28 and 3 percent geogrid is 11.44. The CBR
value for Unsoaked Murum is 3.33 and with addition of 1 percent geogrid is 7.791, 2 percent
geogrid is 9.38, 2.5 percent geogrid is 10.97 and 3 percent geogrid is 9.38.
• The effect of geogrid on CBR for Unsoaked murum and 2 percent geogrid is cement with
addition of 1 percent geogrid is 50.88, 2 percent geogrid is 53.106, 2.5 percent geogrid is 53.901
and 3 percent geogrid is 54.06.
• The effect of geogrid on CBR for Soaked murum and 2 percent geogrid is cement with addition
of 1 percent geogrid is 45.69, 2 percent geogrid is 46.80, 2.5 percent geogrid is 46.60 and 3
percent geogrid is 45.90.
REFERENCES
1. Venkatappa Rao G., Gupta K.K. and Singh P.B. (1989) “Laboratory studies on Geotextiles as
Reinforcement in Road Pavement”, Geotextile Proceedings of the International Workshop on
Geotextile Banglore
2. C Ramanaatha Ayyar T.S., Joseph J. and Beena K.S. (1988) “Bearing capacity of sand reinforced
with Coir Ropes”, First Indian geotextile Conference on Reinforced soil and geotextile, Vol.
Oxford IBP Publishing CO. PVT and I. LTD., pp.A11-A16
3. Talukdar T.S., Majumdar A.K., Dehnath C.R. and Majumdar A. (1988 ) “A study of Jute and
Polypropylene Needle Punched Nonwoven fabrics for geotextile”, geotextile Proceedings of the
International workshop on Geotextile Banglore, Vol CI PRI New Delhi, pp. G3-G8, I.
4. Ramanaatha Ayyar T.S., Krishnaswamy N.R. and Vishwamodhan B.V.S. (1989) “Geosynthetics
for Foundations on Swelling clay”, geotextile Proceedings of the International Workshop on
geotextile Banglore, Vol. CI and PRI New Delhi pp 176-180.
5. Ramaswamy S.P. and Aziz M.A. (1989) “Jute Geotextile for Roads”, Proceedings of
International Workshop on Geotextile, Banglore, pp 259-270.
6. Love J.P., Burd H.J., Millon (1987) “Analytical and Model Studies of Reinforcement of a Layer
of Granular Fill on soft clay Subgrade”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal. Vol.24.No,4 , pp. 611-
622.
© 2011 ejge
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