Contenido

introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2
Define the following concepts: ............................................................................................. 3
 Electromagnetic wave.................................................................................................. 3
 Propagation speed. ....................................................................................................... 3
 Wavelength. ................................................................................................................. 3
 Reflection and refraction. ............................................................................................ 3
Explain the importance to consider the “Skin Deep” (depth of penetration) in medical
treatments. ............................................................................................................................. 4
Make a graph that explains at least three modes of “terrestrial propagation of
electromagnetic waves”, including a brief explanation of them....................................... 4
Can the human tissue change its conductivity because a disease? Explain. ................... 6
Using the “electromagnetic spectrum”, select a frequency used in medical treatment
and explain how it is used and select a frequency used in wireless transmission and
explain its application........................................................................................................... 6
 medicine ...................................................................................................................... 6
 wireless tranmicion ...................................................................................................... 7
Bibliografía ............................................................................................................................. 8
 introduction
Through this work we are making known the general contact of the course and the topics to
be developed on the other hand, thanks to the research carried out, we will obtain general
knowledge about electromagnetic waves which, in a world where they are constantly used
by means of technology, is fundamental as an engineer to understand the behavior of them
and their implications when handling electromagnetic waves
 Define the following concepts:

 Electromagnetic wave.

They are those waves that do not need a material means to spread. They include, among
others, visible light and radio waves, television and telephony.
Electromagnetic radiation is characterized by having two fields, one electric and one
magnetic, and moves in the form of a wave with the two perpendicular and oscillating
fields, the oscillation responsible for the radiation describing a wave as it propagates.
All propagate in vacuum at a constant speed, very high (300 0000 km / s) but not infinite.
Thanks to this we can observe the light emitted by a distant star so long ago that perhaps
that star has already disappeared.

 Propagation speed.
ll propagate in vacuum at a constant speed, very high (300 0000 km / s) but not infinite

 Wavelength.
That interval of time is the interval between two consecutive maximums of some physical
property of the wave in simple words is The distance between two consecutive crests or
valleys is what we call wavelength.
The wavelength of radiation can be very small, in the case of so-called gamma radiation, to
very large in radio waves.

 Reflection and refraction.

Refraction is the change of direction and speed that a wave experiences when passing from
one medium to another with different refractive index. It only occurs if the wave strikes
obliquely on the separation surface of the two media and if they have different refractive
indices.
Reflection is the change of direction of a wave, which, when coming into contact with the
surface of separation between two changing media, returns to the point where it originated.
Common examples are the reflection of light, sound and waves in the water.

 Electric permittivity and magnetic permeability

Permitencia eléctrica y permeabilidad magnética.
Electric permittivity
The permittivity is determined by the tendency of a material to polarize before the
application of an electric field and in that way partially annuls the internal field of the
material. It is directly related to electrical susceptibility.

 magnetic permeability
The magnetic permeability tells us how easily the magnetic field crosses the matter, that is,
whether it is a good conductor or not of the magnetic field.
Permeability is a magnetic characteristic of matter (for example air, cardboard, aluminum,
iron). The permeability will be low in vacuum and is high in materials such as iron.
Permeabilidad magnética de un material = µ = Pr * µo
Donde: Pr = permeabilidad relativa
µo = permeabilidad del vacío

Explain the importance to consider the “Skin Deep” (depth of penetration) in medical
treatments.

The depth at which electromagnetic waves penetrate the skin depends on the
frequency, the lower frequency signals pass through the skin as if it were
transparent, so there is no energy to dissipate and the effects of radiation are low .
More often, radiation begins to be absorbed by the tissues.
Thus giving priority to determine the area and depth to be worked because the
subcutaneous tissue (non-conductive areas) there is little heat production, while
inside the body, rich in electrolyte solutions and therefore good conductor, there
will be a greater heating that can harm the patient if it is not controlled

Make a graph that explains at least three modes of “terrestrial propagation of

electromagnetic waves”, including a brief explanation of them.

LAND PROPAGATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

 Earth wave
 The terrestrial waves are the waves that travel by the surface of the earth, these must
be polarized vertically because the electric field in a horizontally polarized wave
would be parallel to the surface of the earth and would be shorted by the
conductivity of the ground .

In terrestrial waves the variable electric field induces voltages in the terrestrial
surface that circulate currents very similar to those of a transmission line.

 space wave

This kind of propagation corresponds to the radiated energy that travels in the lower
kilometers of the Earth's atmosphere. Space waves are all direct waves and reflected
in the ground.

Direct waves travel essentially in a straight line from the transmitting antenna to the
receiving antenna.
This transmission is called line of sight transmission. This transmission is limited
mainly by the curvature of the earth. The curvature of the earth presents a horizon in
the propagation of space waves, which is usually called the radio horizon. This
horizon is farther away than the optical horizon for the common atmosphere

 celestial wave or ionosphere.

 They are those that are directed towards the Atmosphere and are reflected in the
ionized zone of the same (Heaviside layer) returning again to the Earth; They are
MF (OC) 300 KHz. at 30 MHz. and that constitute the so-called high frequency
waves; spreading on the surface they reach about 644 kilometers, but reflected at
about 12874.7 kilometers.
The low frequencies or millimeter waves from 3 to 30 KHz. they arrive at great
distances by reflection but their reach is very limited by direct propagation.

Can the human tissue change its conductivity because a disease? Explain.
it can change the conductivity because the tissues of the human body present, in general, a
low thermal conductivity; they behave like thermal insulators. The thermal properties of
tissues depend, to a large extent, on their relative content in lipids, proteins and water.
Which can vary by certain diseases such as metabolic disorders that alter the percentage of
body water from 60% to 70%

Using the “electromagnetic spectrum”, select a frequency used in medical treatment

and explain how it is used and select a frequency used in wireless transmission and
explain its application.
 medicine
Gamma rays
Energy of this nature is measured in megaelectronvolts (MeV). One MeV corresponds to
gamma photons with wavelengths less than 10-11 m or at frequencies above 1019 Hz.

This type of radiation of such magnitude is also produced in astrophysical phenomena of

great violence. Due to the high energies they possess, gamma rays constitute a type of
ionizing radiation capable of penetrating matter more deeply than alpha or beta radiation
The power of gamma rays makes them useful in the sterilization of medical equipment.
They are usually used to kill bacteria and insects in food products such as meat,
mushrooms, eggs and vegetables, in order to maintain their freshness. Due to the ability to
penetrate tissues, gamma rays or X-rays have a wide spectrum of medical uses, such as the
performance of tomographies and radiotherapies.
  wireless tranmicion

Infrared (IR) has wavelengths between 1 millimeter and 750 nanometers. The wavelength
of red light is 700 nanometers (or 7 000 Å).

When talking about wireless communication, the first thing you think about is radio signals.
However, we forget that we usually communicate with electronic equipment using a
technology that has become very common, extremely sophisticated and effective: infrared
communications. When operating a remote control, what one does is communicate by
means of light in the range of infrared.

A link of this type can serve, for example, to send data to the robot from sensors, establish
and detect beacons in the environment, communicate several robots with each other, or for
a person to give commands using a conventional remote control device (such as of your
TV).
Bibliografía
curiosoando. (17 de octubre de 2016). Obtenido de https://curiosoando.com/que-es-una-
onda-electromagnetica
ecured. (s.f.). Obtenido de
https://www.ecured.cu/Constante_de_permitividad_el%C3%A9ctrica
ecured. (s.f.). Obtenido de https://www.ecured.cu/Rayos_gamma
fullmecanica. (s.f.). Obtenido de http://www.fullmecanica.com/definiciones/p/674-
permeabilidad-magnetica
Gato, J. V. (s.f.). teleformacion.edu. Obtenido de
http://teleformacion.edu.aytolacoruna.es/FISICA/document/fisicaInteractiva/Ondas
bachillerato/ondasEM/ondasEleMag_indice.htm
rincon de lvago. (s.f.). Obtenido de http://html.rincondelvago.com/ondas-
electromagneticas-en-el-cuerpo-humano.html
Torres, L. E. (12 de noviembre de 2012). blogspot.com. Obtenido de
http://propagaciondeondascom1.blogspot.com/2012/11/propagacion-terrestre-de-
las-ondas.html
wikipedia. (s.f.). Obtenido de https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refracci%C3%B3n
wikipedia. (s.f.). Obtenido de
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reflexi%C3%B3n_(f%C3%ADsica)
wikipedia. (s.f.). Obtenido de https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayos_gamma