Boring

 Difference between boring and turning:

 Boring is performed on the inside
diameter of an existing hole
 Turning is performed on the outside
diameter of an existing cylinder
 In effect, boring is internal turning operation
 Boring machines
 Horizontal or vertical - refers to the
orientation of the axis of rotation of
machine spindle

MECH2118 - Dr Ghassan Al-Kindi - Lecture 10 1

 Vertical Boring Mill

Figure 22.12 A vertical boring mill – for large, heavy workparts.

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 Drilling

 Creates a round
hole in a workpart
 Compare to boring
which can only
enlarge an existing
hole
 Cutting tool called
a drill or drill bit
 Machine tool: drill
press

Figure 21.3 (b) drilling

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 Through Holes vs. Blind Holes
Through-holes - drill exits opposite side of work
Blind-holes – does not exit work opposite side

Figure 22.13 Two hole types: (a) through-hole, and (b) blind hole.

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Cutting Conditions in Drilling

MECH2118 - Dr Ghassan Al-Kindi - Lecture 10 5

Cutting Conditions in Drilling II

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 Reaming

 Used to slightly
enlarge a hole,
provide better
tolerance on
diameter, and
improve surface
finish

Figure 22.14 Machining

operations related to drilling: (a)
reaming

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 Tapping

 Used to provide
internal screw
threads on an
existing hole
 Tool called a tap

Figure 22.14 (b) tapping

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 Counterboring
 Provides a stepped
hole, in which a
larger diameter
follows smaller
diameter partially
into the hole

Figure 22.14 (c) counterboring

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 Drill Press

 Upright drill press

stands on the floor

 Bench drill similar

but smaller and
mounted on a
table or bench

Figure 22.15 Upright drill press

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 Radial Drill

Large drill press

designed for
large parts

Figure 22.16 Radial drill press

(photo courtesy of Willis
Machinery and Tools).

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 Work Holding for Drill Presses
 Workpart in drilling can be clamped in any of
the following:
 Vise - general purpose workholder with two
jaws
 Fixture - workholding device that is usually
custom-designed for the particular workpart
 Drill jig – similar to fixture but also provides
a means of guiding the tool during drilling

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 Machining Centers

Highly automated machine tool can perform

multiple machining operations under CNC
control in one setup with minimal human
attention
 Typical operations are milling and drilling
 Three, four, or five axes
 Other features:
 Automatic tool-changing
 Pallet shuttles
 Automatic workpart positioning

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Figure 22.26 Universal machining center; highly automated,
capable of multiple machining operations under computer control in
one setup with minimal human attention (photo courtesy of
Cincinnati Milacron).
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Figure 22.27 CNC 4-axis turning center (photo courtesy of
Cincinnati Milacron); capable of turning and related operations,
contour turning, and automatic tool indexing, all under computer
control.
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 Mill-Turn Centers
Highly automated machine tool that can perform
turning, milling, and drilling operations
 General configuration of a turning center
 Can position a cylindrical workpart at a
specified angle so a rotating cutting tool (e.g.,
milling cutter) can machine features into
outside surface of part
 Conventional turning center cannot stop
workpart at a defined angular position and
does not include rotating tool spindles

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