MORPHOLOGY

A. Suffixation
 Noun-forming suffixes:

1. -or:
a. Actor
 (v) Act (free morpheme) + or (bound morpheme) = Actor (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Act (free morpheme) + or (bound morpheme) = Actor (n)
Inflectional change
b. Visitor
 (v) Visit (free morpheme) + or (bound morpheme) = Visitior (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Visit (free morpheme) + or (bound morpheme) = Visitor (n)
Inflection opereration
c. Director
 (adj/adv/v) Direct (free morpheme) + or (bound morpheme) = Director (n)
Derivational change
2. -er/eer:
a. Speaker
 (v) Speak (free morpheme) + er (bound morpheme) = Speaker (n)
Derivational change
b. Engineer
 (n) Engine (free mopheme) + er (bound morpheme) = Engineer (n)
Inflecion operation
c. Opener
 (v) Open (free morpheme) + er (bound morpheme) = Opener (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Open (free morpheme) + er (bound morpheme) = Opener (n)
Inflectional change

3. -ist:
a. Scientist
 (n) Science (free morpheme) + ist (bound morphrme) = Scientist (n)
 Inflectional change
b. Satirist
 (n) Satire (free morpheme) + ist (bound morpheme) = Satirist (n)
Inflectional change
c. Journalist
 (n) Journal (free morpheme) + ist (bound morpheme) = Journalist (n)
Inflectional change

4. -ess:
a. Hostess
 (n) Host (free morpheme) + ess (bound morpheme) = Hostess (n)
Inflectional change
 (v) Host (free morpheme) + ess (bound morpheme) = Hostess (n)
Derivational change
b. Stewardess
 (n) Steward (free morpheme) + ess (bound morpheme) = Stewardness (n)
Inflectional change
c. Actress
 (v) Act (free morpheme) + ess (bound morpheme) = Actress (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Act (free morpheme) + ess (bound morpheme) = Actress (n)
Inflectional change

5. -ty/ity:
a. Cruelty
 (adj) Cruel (free morpheme) + ty (bound moprheme) = Cruelty (n)
Derivational change
b. Purity
 (adj) Pure (free morpheme) + ity (bound morpheme) = Purity (n)
Derivational change
c. Stupidity
 (adj) Stupid (free morpheme) + ity (bound morpheme) = Stupidity (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Stupid (free morpheme) + ity (bound morpheme) = Stupidity (n)
Inflectional change

6. -ure/ture:
a. Failure
  (v) Fail (free morpheme) + ure (bound morpheme) = Failure (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Fail (free morpheme) + ure (bound morpheme) = Failure (n)
Inflectional change

b. Exposure
 (v) Expose (free morpheme) + ure (bound morpheme) = Exposure (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Expose (free morpheme) + ure (bound morpheme) = Exposure (n)\
Inflectional change
c. Mixture
 (v) Mix (free morpheme) + ture (bound morpheme) = Mixture (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Mix (free morpheme) + ture (bound morpheme) = Mixture (n)
Inflection morpheme

7. -dom:
a. Freedom
 (v/adj/adv) Free (free morpheme) + dom (bound morpheme) = Freedom (n)
Derivational change
b. Kingdom
 (n) King (free morpheme) + dom (bound morpheme) = Kingdom (n)
Inflectional change

8. -age:
a. Passage
 (v) Pass (free morpheme) + age (bound morpheme) = Passage (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Pass (free morpheme) + age (bound morpheme) = Passage (n)
Inflectional change
b. Marriage
 (v) Marry (free morpheme) + age (bound morpheme) = Marriage (n)
Derivational change
c. Postage
 (n) Post (free morpheme) + age (bound morpheme) = Postage (n)
Inflectional change

9. -ance/ence:
 a. Appearance
 (v) Appear (free morpheme) + ance (bound morpheme) = Appearance (n)
Derivational change
b. Preference
 (v) Prefer (free morpheme) + ence (bound morpheme) = Preference (n)
Derivational change

10. -hood:
a. Likelihood
 (v/adj) Like (free morpheme) + ly (bound morpheme) = Likely (adj)
+ hood = Likelihood
Derivation operetion
b. Brotherhood
 (n) Brother (free morpheme) + hood (bound morpheme) = Brotherhood (n)
Inflectional change
c. Neighbourhood
 (n) Neighbour (free morpeme) + hood (bound morpheme) = Neighbourhood (n)
Inflectional change
 (v) Neighbour (free morpheme) + hood (bound morpheme) = Neighbourhood (n)
Deveratioon operation
11. -ing:
a. Reading
 (v/adj) Read (freemorpheme) + ing (bound morpheme) = Reading (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Read (free morpheme) + ing (bound morpheme) = Reading (n)
Inflectional change
b. Opening
 (v/adj) Open (free morpheme) + ing (bound morpheme) = Opening (n)
Derivational change
 (n) Open (free morpheme) + ing (bound morpheme) = Opening (n)
Inflectional change
c. Beginning
 (v) Begin (free morpheme) +ing (bound morpheme) = Beginning (n)
Derivational change

12. -ion/sion/tion/ition/ation:
a. Operation
 (n) Oper (free morpheme) + ation (bound morpheme) = Operation (n)
 Inflectional change
b. Permission
 (v) Permit (free moorpheme) + sion (bound morpheme) = Permmession (n)
Devertion operation
c. Description
 (v) Describe (free morphem) + tion (bound morpheme) = Description (n)
Derivational change

13. -ness:
a. kindness
 (n) Kind (free morpheme) + ness (bound morpheme) = Kindness (n)
Inflectional change
b. goodness
 (adj/adv)) Good (free morpheme) + ness (bound morpheme) = Goodness (n)
Inflectional change
 (n) Good (free morpheme) + ness (bound morpheme) = Goodness (n)
Derivational change
c. Willingness
 (adj) W
14. -y/ery:
a. Difficulty
 (adj) Difficult (free morpheme) + y (bound morpheme) = Difficulty (n)
Derivational change
b. Enquiry
 (v) Enqure (free morpheme) + ery (bound morpheme) = Enquiry (n)
Derivational change
c. Robbery
 (n) Robber (free morpheme) + ery (bound morpheme) = Robbery (n)
Inflectional change
d. Slavery
 (n) Slave (free morpheme) + ery (bound morpheme) =Slavery (n)
Inflectional change
15. -ship:
a. Partnership
 (n) Partner (free morpheme) + ship (bound morpheme) = Partnership (n)
Inflectional change
b. Membership
 (n) Member (free morpheme) + ship (bound morpheme) = Membership (n)
 Inflectional change
c. Kinship
 (n) Kin (free morpheme) + ship (bound morpheme) = Kinship (n)
Inflectional change
16. -ment:
a. Government
 (v) govern (free morpheme) + ment (bound morpheme) = Government (n)
Derivational change
b. Development
 (v) Develop (free morpheme) + ment (bound morpheme) = Development (n)
Derivational change
c. Movement
 (n) Move (free morpheme) + ment (bound morpheme) = Movement (n)
Inflectional change
 (v) Move (free morpheme) + ment (bound morpheme) = Movement (n)
Derivational change
17. -t:
a. Complaint
 (v) Complain (free morpheme) + t (bound morpheme) = Complaint (n)
Derivational change
b. Restraint
 (v) Restrain (free morpheme) + t (bound morpheme) = Restraint (n)
Derivational change

 Adjective-forming suffixes:

1. -able/ible:
a. Comfortable
b. Fashionable
c. Sensible
2. -ic/atic:
a. Atomic
b. Heroic
c. Systematic
3. -ful:
a. Beautiful
b. Helpful
c. Careful
4. -y:
a. Bloody
b. Dirty
c. Sunny
5. -less:
a. Useless
b. Homeless
c. Careless
6. -al/ial/tial:
a. Personal
b. Influential
c. Preferential
7. -ive/ative/itive:
a. Active
b. Creative
c. Sensitive
8. -ant/ent:
a. Pleasant
b. Different
c. Excellent
9. -en:
a. Wooden
b. Golden
c. Woollen
10. -like:
a. Childlike
b. Ladylike
11. -ing:
a. Amusing
b. Interesting
c. Charming
12. -ous:
a. Dangerous
b. Famous
c. Mysterious
13. -ish:
a. Bookish
b. Childish
c. Foolish
14. -ly:
a. Friendly
b. Lovely
c. Manly

 Verb-forming suffixes:

1. -ize/ise:
a. Civilize
 (adj) Civil (free morpheme) + ize (bound morpheme) = Civilize (v)
Derivational change
b. Modernize
 (adj) Modern (free morpheme) + ize (bound morpheme) = Modernize (v)
Derivational change
2. -ify/fy/efy:
a. Simplify
 (adj) Simple(free morpheme) + ify (bound morpheme) = Simplify (v)
Derivational change
b. Glorify
 (v) Glory (free morpheme) + fy (bound morpheme) = Glorify (v)
Inflectional change
 (n) Glory (free morpheme) + ify (bound morpheme) = Glorify (v)
Derivational change
3. -en:
a. Deepen
 (adj/adv/n) Deep (free morpheme) + en (bound morpheme) = Deepen (v)
Derivational change
b. Sharpen
 (adj/adv/n) Sharp (free morpheme) + en (bound morpheme) = Sharpen (v)
Derivational change
c. Lengthen
 (n) Length (free morpheme) + en (bound morpheme) = Lenghten (v)
Derivational change

 Adverb-forming suffixes:

1. -ly:
 a. Formally
 (adj) Formal (free morpheme) + ly (bound morpheme) = Formally (adv)
Inflectional change
b. Calmly
 (adj/v/n) Calm (free morpheme) + ly (bound morpheme) = Calmly (adv)
Derivational change
c. Easily
 (adv) Easy (free morpheme) + ly (bound morpheme) = Easily (avd)
Inflectional change
 (adj) Easy (free morpheme) + ly (bound morpheme) = Easily (adv)
Derivational change
2. -ward/wards:
a. Homeward
 (adv) Home (free morpheme) + ward (bound morpheme) = Homeward (adv)
Inflectional change
 (adj/n) Home (free morpheme) + ward (bound morpheme) = Homeward (adv)
Derivational change
b. Afterwards
 (adv) After (free morpheme) + wards (bound morpheme) = Afterwards (adv)
Inflectional change
 (adj) After (free morpheme) + wards (bound morpheme) = Afterwards (adv)
Derivational change
c. Backwards
 (adv) Back (free morpheme) + wards (bound morpheme) = Backwards (adv)
Inflectional change
 (adj/n) Back (free morpheme) + wards (bound morpheme) = Backwards (adv)
Derivational change
3. -wise/ways
a. Clockwise
 (v) Clock (free morpheme) + wise (bound morpheme) = Clockwise (adv)
Derivational change
 (n) Clock (free morpheme) + wise (bound morpheme) = Clockwise (adv)
Derivational change
b. Otherwise
 (adj) Other (free morpheme) + wise (bound morpheme) = Otherwise (adv)
Derivational change
c. Sideways
 (v) Side (free morpheme) + ways (bound morpheme) = Sideways (adv)
 Derivational change
 (n) Side (free morpheme) + ways (bound morpheme) = Sideways (adv)
Derivational change
4. -fold:
a. Twofold
 (number) Two (free morpheme) + fold (bound morpheme) = Twofold (adv)
Derivational change
b. Threefold
 (number) Three (free morpheme) + fold (bound morpheme) = Threefold (adv)
Derivational change

B. Prefixation
 Negation or opposition:

1. un-:
a. Unable
b. Unfair
c. Unpack
d. Unzip
2. dis-:
a. Disagreeable
b. Dislike
3. a-:
a. Amoral
b. Atypical
4. in-:
a. Informal
b. Inexperience
5. im-: (before b, m, p)
a. Impossible
b. Immoral
6. il-: (before l)
 a. Illegal
b. Illogical
7. ir-: (before r)
a. Irregular
b. Irrational
8. non-:
a. Nonsmoker
b. Non-Scientific
9. de-:
a. Decode
b. Defrost
c. Devalue

 Repetition, making it possible:

1. re-:
a. Reread
b. Rebuild
c. Reunited
2. en-/em-:
a. Enrich
b. Enlarge
c. Embitter

 Degree measure or size:

1. super-:
a. Supersonic
 Super (bound morpheme) + (adj) Sonic (free morpheme) = Supersonic (adj)
Inflectional change
b. Superhuman
 Super (bound morpheme) + (n) Human (free morpheme) = Superhuman (adj)
Derivational change
2. semi-:
 a. Semi-final
 Semi (bound morpheme) + (adj) Final (free morpheme) = Semi-final (adj)
Derivational change
b. Semidetached
 Semi (bound morpheme) + (adj) Detached (free morpheme) = Semidetached (adj)
Inflectional change
3. hyper-:
a. Hyperactive
o (v) Act (free morpheme) + ive (bound morpheme) = Active (adj)
 Hyper (bound morpheme) + (adj) Active (free morpheme) = Hyperactive (adj)
Inflectional change
b. Hypersensitive
o (v/n) Sense (free morpheme) + ive (bound morpheme) = Sensitive (adj)
 Hyper (bound morpheme) + (adj) Sensitive (free morpheme) = Hypersensitive (adj)
Inflectional change
4. ultra-:
a. Ultrahigh
 Ultra (bound morpheme) + (adj) High (free morpheme) = Ultrahigh (adj)
Inflectional change
b. Ultraviolet
 Ultra (bound morpheme) + (n) Violet (free morpheme) = Ultraviolet (adj)
Derivational change

5. over-:
a. Overtime
 Over (bound morpheme) + (n) Time (free morpheme) = Overtime (n)
Inflectional change
b. Overpopulated
 Over (bound morpheme) + (adj) Populated (free morpheme) = Overpopulated (adj)
Inflectional change

 Time and place order relation:

1. post-:
a. Post-war
 Post (bound morpheme) + (n) War (free morpheme) = Post-war (adj)
Derivational change
b. Postpone
  Post (bound morpheme) + (n) Pone (free morpheme) = Postpone (v)
Derivational change
c. Postgraduate
 Post (bound morpheme) + (n) Graduate (free morpheme) = Postgraduate (n)
Inflectional change
 Post (bound morpheme) + (v) Graduate (free morpheme) = Postgraduate (n)
Derivational change

2. inter-:
a. International
 Inter (bound morpheme) + (adj/n) National (free morpheme) = International (adj/n)
Inflectional change
b. Intercontinental
 Inter (bound morpheme) + (adj) Continental (free morpheme) = Intercontinental (adj)
Inflectional change
 Inter (bound morpheme) + (n) Continental (free morpheme) = Intercontinental (adj)
Derivational change
3. pre-:
a. Pre-war
 Pre (bound morpheme) + (n) War (free morpheme) = Pre-war (adj)
Derivational change
b. Prehistoric
 Pre (bound morpheme) + (adj) Historic (free morpheme) = Prehistoric (adj)
Inflectional change
c. Prearranged
 Pre (bound morpheme) + (v) Arrange (free morpheme) = Prearranged (adj)
Derivational change
4. ex-:
a. Ex-President
 Ex (bound morpheme) + (n) President (free morpheme) = Ex-President (n)
Inflectional change
b. Ex-Husband
 Ex (bound morpheme) + (v/n) Husband (free morpheme) = Ex-Husband (n)
Inflectional change
c. Ex-Film-Star
 Ex (bound morpheme) + (n) Film-star (free morpheme) = Ex-Film-Star (n)
Inflectional change