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1 Introduction 1
2 Chemical Composition of S.S. 2
3 Equipment Specification of S.S. 4
4 Application of S.S. 6
5 Fabrication Guidelines of S.S. 8
6 Mechanical & Physical Properties of S.S. 9
7 Weight of S.S. Sheet 10
8 Weight of S.S. Rod 11
9 Standard Wire Guage 12
10 ASTM Specification for Piping 13
11 Weight of Wall Thickness of Schedule Pipes 14
12 Weight & Thickness of S.S. Guage Pipes 16
13 Dimensions & Weight of Steel Tubes 17
14 Standards & Specification for Seamless Tubes 18
15 British Standard 970 : 1955 20
16 Physical Contains of Technically Important Metals 24
17 Specification & Application of Non-Ferrous Metals 26
18 Weight of Brass / Copper Sheets 29
19 Weight of Aluminum & Copper Flat 30
20 Weight of Aluminum Sheet 31
21 Equipment Specification & Chemical Composition of Aluminum- Alloys 32
22 Equipment Specification of Alloys Steels 34
23 Chemical Composition of Alloys Steels 36
24 Mechanical & Physical Properties of Tool & Alloy Steels 38
25 Application Tool & Alloy Steels 40
26 Chemical Composition of Nickel Base Metals 44
27 M.S. Section 46
GYSCOAL ALLOYS PVT. LTD.
347 .08 2.0 0.045 0.030 1.0 17.0/19.0 9.0/12.0 - Nb/Ta 04Cr18NiloNb-40 En – 58G
IOXCmin
03Ch17N14M2
3583 7TNC180 1Kh18N10T 2337
0H18N9T
0H18N1CT
0H18N1CT 3583 7NBNC180 08Kh18N12B 2338
0H18N12NB 3583 12C130 12Kh13 2302
SS 301
An austenic stainless steel, because of its ability to attain high strength and ductility through moderate or severe cold working, can be used by
automobile trims, conveyor belts, transportation cars such as railway coaches, metal fixtures for construction purposes, roof drainage products,
storm door-frames, tables -ware etc.
SS 304
It is the most widely used austentic stainless steel. It has excellent corrosion resistance and forming characteristics. Used in chemical, petrochemical
and fertilizer industries, and as equipment in dairy, food processing, pharmaceutical industries in hospitals households as kitchen wares, sinks,
cutlery, cryogenic vessels and as heat exchangers in air -conditioning, refrigeration, for madhinmery in paper, pulp, textile beverage sectors etc.
SS 304L
It is used in place of SS 304 for improved resistance to inter-granular corrosion. It is used for parts ad structures which can not be heat treated for
stress relieving after welding. Has less tendency to work harden.
SS 310S
These are austenic types with higher Chromium and Nickel content. Because of their relatively hiofh creep strength and mechanical properties at
higher temperatures these steel find applications for higher temperatures and severe service conditions. Used for air heaters, annealing boxes,
ovens, carburising boxes, fire box sheets furnace linings, furnace stacks and dampers, gas turbine parts heat exchangers klin lining, nozzle
diaphragm assemblies for turbo jet engines oil burner parts, paper mill equipments, oil refinery equipments, recuperators, etc.
SS 316
An austentic stainless steel with 2.0 to 3%Mo. which improves corrosion resistance against halogens and imparts hot strength characteristics. Used
for applications requiring resistance to pitting corrosion and in halogen atmospheres. Typical applications: architectural trims, marine exteriors,
chemical processing equipment, food processing equipment, petroleum refining equipment, pharmaceutical equipment, photographic equipment,
pulp and paper processing equipment, textile finishing equipment, pollution control etc.,
SS 316 L
Recommended in place of 316 when weld ability has to be improved.
SS 321
An austentic stainless steel similar to SS 304 but stabilized with titanium to avoid inter-granular corrosion. Type SS321 resists scaling and vibration
fatigue. It is used for aircraft, exhaust stacks and manifolds pressure vessels, large mufflers for stationary diesel engines, carburetors, expansion
bellows, stack liners; fire walls, super heaters etc.
SS 409 / 409 M
It is the lowest alloyer straight Chromium ferritic stainless steel: it replaces carbon steels and low alloy steel where some amount of heat or corrosion
resistance and higher strength is required and where appearance is secondary. It is used for fins is heater tubes, automotive exhaust systems
including mufflers, resonators, silencers, pipes and emission control units, high pressure agricultural spray tanks, culverts, shipping containers, farm
equipment, etc.
SS410S
SS410S is the most commonly used 12% Chromium Stainless Steel. Excellent combination of toughness and strength can be developed. It is a
good choice when good formability and high strength are required and the end use demands resistance to mild corrosive environment. It is used for
furnace parts and burners operating below 650 0.C, micrometer parts, tray supports, caps and vaporisers in petroleum fractionating towers, lining for
reaction chambers, coal screens steam turbine buckets blades, bucket covers, pumps parts, petro-chemical equipment, press plates, etc.
SS 420
This steel contains min 0.15%C and 125Cr. It can be thermally hardened to develop very high strength. Extremely useful for cutlery. Other
applications include vegetable choppers, scissors, shears tweezers, hand tools, dental and surgical instruments, etc.
SS 430
SS 430with 17% Cr. is inferior to SS304 as regards deep durability. Though it does not have good corrosion resistance properties as the Cr- Ni
steels, it is used under less sever corrosive atmospheres for chemical processing equipment, furnace parts, heat exchangers, oil burner parts,
petroleum rolling equipment, pyrometers, protection tubes, recuperators, rubber plant machinery, scientific apparatus, storage vessels, tubing
television cones electrical appliances, solar w ater heaters, air conditioners, kitchenware, household appliances, decorative trims, parts for washing
machines etc.
Welding
Selection of Welding Processes
General guidelines for selection of appropriate method of welding for different types of stainless steels in different thickness, keeping in view the
advantages and limitations of the welding processes, are given below.
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GRADE
301 304 316 310S 430 409
Density (gm/cm³) 7.9 7.9 8.0 7.9 7.7 7.7
Modulus of Elasticity (kg/mm²) 19700 19700 19700 20300 20300 20300
Specific Heat Capacity (cal/gm/°C) 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11
Thermal conductivity (cal/cm²/sec/°C/cm at 100°C) 0.039 0.039 0.0373 0.033 0.0625 0.595
Specific electrical resistance 72 72 74 80 60 57
(m W/cm³)
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (ºC X 10?60-500 19.8 18.4 16.0 16.9 11.34 11.52
ºC)
Melting Range (ºC) 1400-1420 1400-1455 1370-1400 1400-1455 1430-1510 1430-1510
Magnetic *Non *Non *Non *Non Ferro Ferro
magnetic magnetic magnetic magnetic magnetic magnetic
*Slightly magnetic when cold worked
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Thickness in Thickness in
Weight kg/m² Weight kg/ft. Weight kg/m² Weight kg/ft.
mm mm
0.18 1.44 0.134 1.75 14.00 1.301
0.20 1.60 0.149 2.00 16.00 1.487
0.22 1.76 0.164 2.25 18.00 1.673
0.24 1.92 0.178 2.50 20.00 1.859
0.27 2.16 0.201 2.75 22.00 2.045
0.28 2.24 0.208 3.00 24.00 2.231
0.32 2.56 0.238 3.25 26.00 2.417
0.38 3.04 0.282 3.50 28.00 2.603
0.44 3.52 0.327 3.75 30.00 2.788
0.50 4.00 0.372 4.00 32.00 2.974
0.56 4.48 0.416 4.25 34.00 3.160
0.63 5.04 0.468 4.50 36.00 3.364
0.75 6.00 0.558 4.75 40.00 3.718
0.88 ‘7.04 0.654 5.00 44.00 4.090
1.00 8.00 0.744 5.50 48.00 4.462
1.13 9.04 0.840 6.50 52.00 4.833
1.25 10.00 0.929 7.00 56.00 5.205
1.38 11.04 1.026 7.50 60.00 5.577
1.50 12.00 1.115 8.00 64.00 5.949
ALLOWABLE WALL
ASTM ALLOWABLE OUTSIDE DIAMETER
THICKNESS TESTING
SPECIFICATION VARIATION IN MM
VARIATIONS
ASTMA -213 Nominal Diameter OVER UNDER %
Seamless Ferritic and Under 25.4 mm .1016 .1016 +20% Refer to
austentic tubes -0 ASTM
25.4 – 38.1 inclu .1524 .1524 +20% A-450
-0
38.1 – 50.8 exclu .2032 .2032 +22%
-0
50.8 – 63.5 exclu .254 .254 +22%
-0
63.5 – 76.2 exclu .3048 .3048 +22%
0
76.2 – 101.6 inclu .381 .381 +22%
ASTMA -249 -0
Welded heat Under 25.4 mm .1016 .1016 + 10% Refer to
exchanger and 25.4 – 38.1 inclu .1524 .1524 + 10% ASTM
condenser tubes 38.1 – 50.8 inclu .2032 .2032 + 10% A-450
50.8 – 63.5 inclu .254 .254 + 10%
63.5 – 76.2 inclu .3048 .3048 + 10%
76.2 – 101.6 inclu .381 .381 + 10%
ASTM A-269
Seamless and welded Upto 12.7 mm 0.13 0.13 + 15% Refer to
austentic S.S. tube 12.7 to 38.1 mm 0.13 0.13 +10% ASTM
38.1 to 88.9 mm 0.25 0.25 +10% A-450
ASTM A-312 88.9 to 139.7 mm 0.38 0.38 +10%
Seamless and welded 139.7 to 203.2 mm 0.76 0.76 +10%
austenic pipe 13.72 – 48.26 mm + 0.40 – 0.79 -12.5% Refer to
60.33 – 114.3 + 0.79 – 0.79 ASTM
ASTM A-358 141.3 – 219.08 + 1.59 – 0.79 A-530
Welded 168.28 – 219.08 + 1.59 – 0.79
austentic pipe 273.05 – 373.85 +2.38 – 0.79
ASTM A-490 219.08 – 750 mm + 0.5% -0.3 mm Refer to
Welded ASTM
austenic pipe A-530
355.6 – 750 mm + 0.2 % -0.46 mm Refer to
to ASTM
+ 0.4 % A-530
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WEIGHT & THICKNESS OF S.S. PIPES & TUBES FOR BOILERS, HEAT EXCHNAGE
DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF STEEL TUBES IN ACCORDANCE WITH IS 1239 : 1964 METRIC UNITS
Outside Diameters of Black Weight per mtr. of
Nominal Bore Tube Black Tube
Light Medium & Pain Ordinary
Heavy Thickness Ends Socket
Approx Min.
outsid Length
Approximate Hea e
Outside Diam. Max. Min Max. Min. Light Medium Heav Light Mediu vy Diam. mm
In mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm y mm kg m kg kg Mm
1/8 6 10.2 10.1 9.7 10.6 9.8 1.8 2.0 2.65 0.378 0.410 0.493 15 17
1/4 8 13.5 13.6 13.2 14.0 13.2 1.8 2.35 2.9 0.52/2 0.659 0.762 19 25
3/8 10 17.2 17.1 16.7 17.5 16.7 1.8 2.35 2.9 0.68/8 0.850 1.03 21.3 26
1/2 15 21.3 21.4 21.0 21.8 21.0 2.0 2.65 3.25 0.96 1.21 1.44 26.9 34
3/4 20 26.9 26.9 26.9 26.4 27.4 2.65 2.35 2.65 3.25 1.41 1.57 1.89 33.7
1 25 33.7 33.8 33.2 34.2 33.3 2.65 3.25 4.05 2.01 2.42 2.95 42.6 43
1.1/4 32 42.4 42.5 41.9 42.9 42.0 2.65 3.25 4.05 2.57 3.11 3.81 51 48
1.1/2 40 48.3 48.4 47.8 48.8 42.9 2.9 3.25 4.05 3.27 3.59 4.41 57 48
2 50 60.3 60.2 59.6 60.8 59.7 2.9 3.26 4.5 4.14 5.07 6.17 70 56
2.1/2 65 76.1 76.0 75.2 76.6 75.3 3.25 3.65 4.5 5.80 6.49 7.92 88.9 65
3 80 88.9 88.7 87.9 89.5 88.0 3.25 4.05 4.50 6.81 8.43 10.10 101.6 71
3.1/2 90 101.6 101.2 100.3 102.1 100.4 3.65 4.05 4.85 8.76 9.70 11.90 114.3 75
4 100 114.3 113.9 113.0 115.0 113.1 3.65 4.5 5.4 9.90 12.10 14.50 127 83
5 125 139.7 - - 140.8 138.5 - 4.85 5.4 - 16.60 17.90 159 92
6 150 165.1 - - 166.5 163. - 4.85 5.4 - 19.70 21.2 177.8 92
9 0
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-
3 - “20” /.25 .05/ /1.0 .06 .06 As rolled 6 - 25/35 25 - -
Carbon .35 0
3A - " " .15/ .05/ .40/ .06 .06 As rolled or 6 - 28 25 -
.25 .35 .90 normalised
Cold drawn
As rolled or
3B - " " /.25 /.35 /1.0 .06 .06 normalised 6 - 28 17 -
0
3C - " " .17/ .05/ .05 .05 6 - 28 25 -
23 .35 .60/
1.00
3D - " " .15/ .05/ .60/ .06 .06 Cold drawn 1 1/2 or - 35 15 -
(Higher .25 .35 1.00 less 30 15 -
tonsil) Over11/2-2
1/2 28 15 -
Over 2 1/2
4 - "25" /.30 .05 /1.0 .06 .06 Normalised 6 - 28/38 25 - 1
carbon .35 0 2 1/2 - 28/38 25 20 1
-
4A - " " /.30 .05/ .06 .06 Cold drawn 2 - 32/42 12
/1.0
0
8 HTC "40" .35/ .05/ .60/ .06 .06 NGC 1 152/207
carbon .45 .35 1.00 Normalised 6 - 35 20 - 179/229
without Hardened and Q 2 - 40 22 10 201/255
grain tempered R - 45 20 10
size NGC 2
control Normalisedand 6 - 35 17 - 152/207
cold drawn -
Hardenedand Q 2 - 40 17 - 179/229
tempered and 45 17 - 201/255
R
cold drawn
8 HTC "40" .35/ .05/ .60/ .06 .06 GC 1
carbon .45 .35 1.00 Noirmalised 4 - 35 20 20 152/207
controlle Hardenedand 6 - 35 20 15 152/207
d grain tempered 2 - 40 22 25 179/229
(McQuai 45 20 40 201/255
d-Ehn GC 2 45 20 25 201/255
grain Normalised and Q 35 17 152/207
size of cold drawn
5-8) Hardened and R 6 - 40 17 25 179/229
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temered and 1 - 40 17 15 179/229
cold drawn 2 - 45 17 25 201/255
8A - " " .33/ .05/ .70/ .06 .06
.39 .35 .90
8B - " " .35/ .05/ .70/ .06 .06 Supplied to Composition.
.40 .35 .90
8C - " " .38/ .05/ .70/ .06 .06
.43 .35 .90 Mechanical properties may be negotiated between
8D - " " .40/ .05/ .70/ .06 .06 the purchaser and the supplier
.45 .35 .90
8E - " " .35 .05/ .90/ .06 .06
.40 .35 1.10
8K “40” .35/ .05/ .60/ .05 .05 Normalised 6 17 35 20 10 152/207
carbon .45 .35 1.00 4 17 35 20 15 152/207
for Hardened and Q 2 25 40 22 25 179/229
special Tempered
applicatio
n
8M "40" .35/ /.25 1.00 .12/ .06 Normalised 6 - 35 20 - 152/207
carbon .45 1.30 .20 Hardened and 2 25 40 22 25 179/229
(free Tempered 30 45 20 40 201/225
cutting) Q 1 - 38 12 - 229
cold drawn max.
R
Aluminium Bronze 89-9-2 32 90-140 AB1-C 305-I B150-46T 1714 Impellers, Automobile
Aluminium Bronze 80-10-5-5 41 140-180 AB2-C1 305-II B148-45190 1714 Engines, Gear Blanks
Worm Wheels, Fluid control
valves.
Brass Marine castings, Propellers,
High Tensile Brass 52-2-2-2-39 30 100-150 HTB1- C 320-1 B147.48(8A) 1709 Impellers, Hydraulic
High Tensile Brass 55-3-5-3-34 48 150-230 HTB2- C 320-3 B147.48(8A) 1709 equipment. Bolts, Nuts,
Leaded Brass 60-2-38 25 50-75 DCB3-C 319 - 1709 Door and furniture fitting.
Leaded Brass 70-2-28 11 53 SCB2-C 292 B146-52(6A) 1709 Marines fittings, Electrical
trade, Brush holders.
General purpose alloy for
Aluminum casting with medium
Aluminum Alloy 92-3-5 9 70 LM-4 617A-4 B179-62Sc. 1725 strength and good
64D properties. Die Castings,
Aluminum Alloy 88-0-12 11 55 LM-4 617A-6 B179-62-Sc. 1725 corrosion resistance and
12C intricate casting.
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New
Old Min. Max. Min. Max. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max Max.
U.S.A.
PNEUMATIC STEEL
Hot cutting dies and punches, Hot trimming tools, Punching tools, Blanking punches, Cold shear blades, Wood working tools. Hobbing tools,
headers Chisels, Caulking tools , Piercing mandrels. Beams Fishplates, Grates, Beading and flanging rolls.
It is a popular type of steel known for its extreme toughness and fatigue resistance. It is also recommended for intricate tools.
STAINLESS STEEL
Magnetic Stainless Steel
Structural parts, Armatures Building fittings, Aircraft rivets, Printing machine components, Cutlery, Surgical and Dental instruments, Plastic
and Bakelite dies Pump shafts, spring components for hydraulic or steam work etc. It has higher protection against corrosion.
CONSTRUCTIONAL STEEL
EN-8 Crank shafts, automobiles axle beams, connecting rods, Lightly stressed gears.
Generally used for moderately stressed parts of Motor Vehicles and general engineering works.
EN-9 Crank Shafts, Cylinder, Gears, Sprockets. Mainly used in machine parts which require moderate weat resistance.
EN-19 Axle shafts, Crank Shafts, Gears, Connecting rods, Studs, Bolts, Propeller shaft joint. Suitable for heat treated parts where high
tensile and impact are required along with high endurance bending strength.
EN-24 Aircraft and heavy vehicle crank shafts, Connecting rods, Gear shafts, Chain parts, Clutches, Propeller shafts, Cam shafts,
Spindles screws, Studs, Pinions, Tappets, Boring bars.
Preferred to be applied for heat treated components having large sections and subject to exacting requirements.
EN-30 B Application similar to EN-24 Steel
More suitable for extra ordinary high toughness purpose.
EN-31 Ball and Roller Bearing, Spinning tools, Beading Rolls Punches and Dies.
By its character this type of steel has high resisting nature against wear and can be used for components which are subjected to
serve abrasion, wear or high surface loading.
EN-36 Disc wheels, Grooved Shafts, Cams, Gears, Heavy duty gears for aircraft, Heavy vehicle and automobile transmission parts,
General engineering works, Universal joints. Mainly used for highly stressed machine parts which are intended for cementation for
high strength and core toughness.
SPRING STEEL
EN-45 Leaf and volute springs, Road and Railway vehicle springs including helical and plate springs. This steel is capable is taking up a
good hardness and possesses an increased stability in tempering.
EN-47 High duty volute and leaf spring, heavy engine value springs, Helical and Torsional bar springs. It has high ratio of yield point to
tensile strength and high torsional fatigue strength.
CASE HARDENING STEEL
SAE-8620
Gear, Pinions, lay shafts, Camshafts, Mining haulage suspension, Lifting gears.
Generally used for parts where direct hardening is preferred. It can also be used as alternative to EN-35 & EN-36A Steels.
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CHEQUERD PLATES
5 M.M. 42.4
6 M.M. 56.1
8 M.M. 65.9
10 M.M. 79.3
12 M.M. 103.7
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SPECIAL FORMULA
(1) Weight of S.S. Pipes:
OD (MM) - W.T. (MM) X W.T. (MM) X 0.00756 = kg (per ft)
OD (MM) - W.T. (MM) X W.T. (MM) X 0.00248 = kg (per mtr)
(9) Weight of S.S Sheets, Plate, Pipe, Round, Hex, Circle, Square, Flat
HENISHA