LTE PROTOCOLTESTING

TOOLS USED IN TESTING THE PROTOCOLS:

1) Real time training on live protocol stack (Real time code) of eNode-B,UE (L1, L2,
L3) (Phy, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, RRM, SON, OAM)

2) Real UE and ENODE-B in for LTE can be tested with the code and binaries in the
LAB.

3) Wireshark LTE dissectors and log Analysis of pcap files at eNode-B , FAPI, EPC.

4) Aeroflex basics and how to use for simulation of UE.

5) QXDM (QUALCOMM proprietary tool) for capturing the UE side logs.

6) QCAT (QUALCOMM proprietary tool) for .isf file analysis of UE side logs.

7) CCS for debugging L1 and L2 DSP cores.

8) Work on windows and Linux Environment(and move the file from windows
to Linux)(winscp).

9) Clear case ,GDB ,CVS, Buggzilla.

10) C with data structures , Perl scripting.

11) Linux, UNIX Networking.

12) Setup the network of UE, enode-B, Epc.

13) ARM,DSP hardware design and complete Hardware Architecture of Texas

Instruments , Quallcomm chipset with live (Real time training).

14) How to convert the LTE Algorithms into code and compilation process with scripts.

15) Debugging of the code using Cscope and Ctags.

16) Dumping the binaries into chipset and testing the code of different layers
using different type of test scenarios.

17) Writing the test cases for different scenarios using Perl, Python.
PROJECT DETAILS:
1) Execution of more than 300 test scenarios on different layers (PHY,MAC,RLC,
PDCP,RRC,SON,OAM).

2) Covers writing test procedures, executing test scenarios, modification of

parameters in cfg file.

3) Test verdict, Documentation, Communication with customers.

4) Test bed setup for multiple scenarios and using basic attenuators and splitters and
bring up the chipset & enode-B or UE.

5) Executing different types of testing procedure for SIT(system Integration

Testing), PCT(Protocol conformance testing).

6) Unit testing , Regression testing , Load testing, functional testing, field

testing, Developer Testing.

7) Writing test scripts on multiple test cases using Perl and Python.

8) Running the scripts based on different scenarios on Linux Platform.

9) Live practical’s on running scripts on Real eNode-B and UE& bring up the setup.

10) De bugging the issues related to setup of eNode-B, UE.

11) Log Analysis of FAPI, OAM, SON, RRM, RRC, PDCP, RLC,MAC, PHY and find
the bugs and reporting.

12) Writing C code for stack Development.

TELECOM FUNDAMENTS OF GSM &GPRS :

1) Basis call flow

2) Architecture

3) channels

4) security

5) Detailed protocol stack

UMTS TECHNOLOGY OF 3G (WCDMA & HSPA):

1) Basic call flow and Architecture.

2) FDD and TDD frames with scrambling code and channelization code basics.

3) Channels.

4) Protocol stack (Phy , MAC, RLC, RRC, PDCP, NAS).

LTE (LONG TERM EVOLUTION):

1) Architecture of LTE with different Nodes UE, eNode-B, MME, HSS, SGW, PGW,
PCRF, PDN ,IMS

2) Different interfaces with LTE-UU, S1-MME, X2AP,S1-U, S11,S6a,S10,S5/S8,Gx/S7,

Rx,SGi.

3) Protocol stack overview between different Nodes LTE-UU(Phy, MAC,PDCP, RLC,

RRC,NAS,RRM,SON,OAM).

4) protocol stack over view X2-ap(X2AP,SCTP,IP,L1/L2),S1-MME(L1/L2,IP,SCTP,S1-

AP),S1-U(L1/L2,IP,UDP,GTP-U,UserPDU).

5) Protocol stack Overview S-10(L1/L2,IP,UDP,GTP-C), S6a

(L1/L2,IP,SCTP,DIAMETER, S6aApp),S11(L1/L2,IP,UDP,GTP-C).

6) Protocol Overview S5/S8 (L1/L2, IP,UDP,GTP-c, GTP-U, User-PDU),

Gx(L1/L2,IP,SCTP,DIAMETER,GxApp),Rx/SGi(L1/L2, IP, SCTP, DIAMETER, RxApp).

7) Radio Interface Basics(FDD, TDD,ULEARFCN, DLEARFCN).

8) Channels(Logical, Transport, Physical ).

LTE-HARDWARE DESIGN ARCHITECTURE OF ENODE-

B, UE:
1) Enode-B,UE Hardware OverVeiw.

2) Enode-B, UE Schematic Diagram, Exterior Design.

3) Enode-B, UE High Level Design.

4) Enode-B, UE Interfaces.
LTE- SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE WITH API –
FLOW:
PHYSICAL-LAYER –L1 STACK –
ENGINEER:(Ref.3GPP36.201,211,212,213,214,216,302)(Real PHY software)

1) Frequency Bands in FDD and TDD, OFDM, SCFDMA, UE-

Bandwidths, QPSK,16QAM, 64QAM, MIMO.

2) Frame Structure, Resource Block(RB), RBG, RE, REG,CCE, Aggregation Level.

3) Resources allocated for different Physical channels in FDD frame.

4) Resources allocated for different physical channels in TDD and TDD frame Type 0 to
6.

5) LTE DL/UL throughput ,LTE-UE Categories.

6) Mobility Area(PCI, TAC,PLMN), UE- Identities(IMSI, C-RNTI, GUTI, S1AP-UEid).

7) EPS Mobility and Connection states (MM ,CC, Registered and De-Registered).

8 )EPS Non-GBR and GBR.

9) Synchronization procedure, Power Control Mechanism , Random Access

Mechanism, PDCCH, PUCCH Mechanism, Reference Signal, PUSCH
hopping Procedure, HARQ Mechanism.

10) Transmit Antenna selection, RV(Redundancy Version), TB(Transport Block),HARQ

ACK/NACK.

LTE-L2-STACK ENGINEER:(REF 3GPP-36.321)(REAL

MAC STACK (SOFTWARE)):
MAC(Medium Acess Control)(Ref:3GPP 36.321)

1) Internal Architectural design of MAC.

2) Transport Blocks, Transport Block Set, TTI, RACH , RAR Mechanism.

3) MAC Scheduler working process with Round-Robin Algorithm.

4) L1-L2 FAPI Messages with small cell forum with API.

5) HARQ Mechanism for FDD and TDD.
5) CQI, PMI, RI, MCS, SRS working mechanism.

6) BSR, PHR, SR, Uplink Time Alignment working Mechanism.

7) DRX, PCH , BCH Reception.

8) Channel mapping of Logical to Transport to Physical.

9) MAC, PDU and SDU structure for different types of data transmission.

10) Throughput Analysis, Real Time issues in Scheduling.

RLC (RADIO LINK CONTROL)(REF: 3GPP 36.322):

1) RLC Architecture Design.

2) RLC TM , UM, AM mode entities.

3) PDU and SDU structures.

4) Channel Mapping.

5) Parameters SN, E,LI, FI,SO, Poling bits, Reserved bits.

PDCP (PACKET DATA CONVERGENCE PROTOCOL)

(REF: 3GPP 36.323):
1) PDCP Procedures and Design.
2) PDCP Header Compression.
3) PDCP Ciphering and Encryption.
4) PDCP PDU and SDU structures.

RRC(RADIO RESOURCE CONTROL)(REF:3GPP

36.331);
1) RRC Architecture and UE states.

2) ETWS and CMAS Notification.

3) MIB,SIB-1 to SIB-13.

4) RRC connection Control and Paging.

5) RRC Connection Establishment and Initial Security Activation.

6) RRC Connection Reconfiguration and Counter Check.
7) RRC Connection Re-Establishment and RRC Connection Release.

8) Radio Resource Configuration.

9) IRAT Mobility , Handover to EUTRAN.

10) Measurement Configuration, Measurement Report Triggering, Events (A1 to A5).

11) UE Capability Transfer, UL/DL Information Transfer.

12) CSFB (Circuit Switch Fall Back), VOLTE(Voice Over LTE).

13) MBMS.

14) RRC Messages and Information Elements for different Messages.

15) Counters, Timers and Constants.

16) Security Keys and Algorithms.

RRM (CUSTOMER REFERENCE):

1) Measurement Evaluation of Inter frequency and Intra freq cells.

2) EUTRAN Handover decision for FDD and TDD.

3) RRC Connection Mobility Control, Radio Link Monitoring.

4) Measurement control, Cell Setup.

5) RRM internal Message communication with RRC and OAM.

SON (CUSTOMER REFERENCE):

1) RACH Optimization.

2) Mobility Load Balancing.

3) Automatic Neighbor detection.

4) OAM Related Activities.

OAM (CUSTOMER REFERENCE):

1) HEMS.
2) Configuration Management.

3) Alarm Reporting, Performance Management.

GENERAL SCENARIOS:

1) LTE Random Access Procedure and Contention Resolution.

2) LTE Attach Default Bearer setup flow.

3) S1AP of LTE Attach.

4) Tracking Area Update.

5) LTE Security Keys and Algorithms.

6) X2-Ap , S1-Ap Handover Algorithm

7) Vo-LTE Call Flow.

8) Inter Frequency Handover.

9) Intra Frequency Handover.

10) ANR (Automatic Neighbor Relation).

11) CSFB Call Flow.

12) Carrier Aggregation.

SPECIAL FEATURE:
1) Work on Real ENode-B, UE (Hardware).

2) Work on Real Software based on C-Code on Hardware.

3) Real Time Testcases Execution and their Analysis.

4) Real time Test Script Execution on Hardware bases on Perl/Python.

5) Real Time Tools for Testing and Bug Analysis.

JOIN AS FRESHER AND GO AS AN EXPERIENCED
LTE SOFTWARE ENGINEER TESTING AND
DEVELOPMENT BASED ON YOUR INTEREST.
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