James Doyle. Dave Fritts. Ron Smit.

Steve Eckermann

Upcoming program called The Deep Propagating Atmospheric Gravity Wave (DeepWave)
Experiment. In the last 5 years or more, weve had whole (wealth) of satellite data that has
become available that show us great details of the location and characteristic of gravity waves on
the planet. This is an example of some of the work that Steve Eckermann has done, it’s the AIRS
data (..) hes done climatology from 2003-2011 what it shows is a number of prominent reasons
of gravity wave activity as to (duce) from 3 milibar (hPa) level in terms of the temperature
(pro…tion) that were accolading with gravity wave activity and what it shows is a couple of very
prominent regions namely south America, the region around new Zealand and Tasmania and
there’s also some other island that seems to exite this wave in the southern ocean.

This leads us to down a path to propose a field experiment that was centered on the Andes and
(track passage) region (…) peninsula that we called Saangria. Turns out that this part of the
planet is very difficult place to operate field experiment particularly for aircraft such as the
NCAR G v. we shifted our attention now to one the other very prominent region which is over
new Zealand and this area near tazmania and we think this is a great place and opportunity, ideal
natural laboratory to study this deep propagating gravity waves and its much more visible
location to operate field experiment.

So one of the really significant reason that we’re so interested in this deep propagating gravity
waves problem is because these waves are so important for the vertical energy and momentum
transport. And the issues, the outstanding issues for this (…) the satellites alone cant tell us all
the information because satellites are really blind to (short/sort) of wavelength in terms of the
horizontal and vertical. Additional motivation for studying this wave, include the
parameterization of this waves. We know that GCM are not high enough resolution to be able to
resolve explicitly this wave so we need the parametrize this, this parameterizations are really
deficient (…) so we need some new observation or modelling to be able to better represent (….)
and this model to improve climate and weather forecast. So this picture on the lower light is a
mean reanalisys for the s hemisphere for the winter time. Contour are zonal wind. Color is
temperature. And so what it shows is the (..) vortex here, with the measure(?) around 50 kms
about the surface, we can see the extra(?) tropical jet here and we have um of course the
secondary circulation that thriving in part due to GWs. Here comes my our deep waves focus
area extend/expense in this region, here is by (……….). if we (site(?)) GWs in this region we’re
able to propagate the deep altitude (…) because the winds are so strong and extend very high loft
so we think deep waves program is a really in a position in ideal natural laboratory to study these
major GWs influences from the surface to 100 km hundred altitudes. And particular focus in as I
mention over this region of NZ and Tazmania.

39:13

Lemme highlight a couple of differences in terms of the background stage South hemisphere and
north hemisphere. So the zonal wind differs dramatically from the northern hemisphere and that
often northern hemisphere end up with a critical level somewhere above the extratropical
Jetstream and of course the critical level filters this wave and we don’t see its deep propagation,
where in the southern hemisphere of course we have this polar vortex were able to propagate
wave much higher altitude. Why new NZ? Very prominent tropographic barrier to the westerly
east(?) and the area planet we get a lot of strong winds we get to do some analysis with the (…)
it is a very prominent gravit waves source, it has stromg flow (frequency of 700 hPa)

40:33

Highlight of few more characteristic

41:28

Id like to say lil bit moreabout the case in the previous slide that the mountain waves seem to
generate and propagate to high altitude and we start to see some of the wave streaming down
stream in this example we have initialize and idealized model with the balance jet. Balance jet
here is shown on the right the initial time maximum is around 30 km in altitude (?). this is an
(…), we have a gaussian mountain relatively uniform flow to the north to the jet, what we find is
at 10 km altitude after 24 hours we can see a nice wave that generated in the lee of the guassian
mountain. As we go higher up we begin to see the wave begin to extent further into the shear so
that by the 25 km you can see the very asymmetric pattern that results where the wavelength (…)
growing longer and more refracted by the vertical shear. In fact if we look at the vertical
momentum flux of the zonal wind component we can see the tilt with height(?) that occurs in this
region associate with the refraction due to the Jetstream. This is sort of the dynamical process we
would like to better understand more.

43

Another aspect that were looking at closely is the predictability of the propagating GWs. We
would like to be able to use adjoint model to better understand the predictability characteristic
and also be able to shed some light on sources as well. So adjoint model is a fancy method to
rigorously calculate the forecast sensitivity of some response function to the initial state. So
we’re lloking at where in initial state is most sensitive to matrix that would affect gravity wave
generation.

45

So this is the proposed instrumentation that we have that centered in the NCAR GV and first of
all shaded in gray is the instrument is facility that now available include ……………. The
exciting aspect here is weve proposed 3 new instruments that is currently being built and this is
being (..) by dave fritts and his group and they include Rayleigh radar, sodium resonance radar,
mesospheric temperature mapper, and these instruments would allow us to be able for the first
time to follow gravity wave as they propagate from the lower part of atmosphere all the way up
to the stratosphere into the mesosphere and the lower thermosphere.

46: 32

Next about experiment of design, so this circle that pop is the conventional radiosonde that
available in this area. And this is another advantage of this region versus south America that we
have nice radiosonde that worked. We also propose to augment a network with a profiler
upstream of the mountains, our programs will be centered in south island and we’ll have number
of flights that will perform, one is over the mountain where we continuly minotring the waves
we’ll also be able to perform some surface out of the southern ocean for example we’ll also be
able to sample waves over the north island as well as generated by Tasmania as well those all are
within reach. And also we’ll have a number of small set of flights that will go out and observe
these regions where predictibality issues are important so we’ll go ut and dropsondes and well be
able to observe the following day gravity waves.
Summarize

In meteorology, leeward and windward are technical names for the directional sides of
a mountain. The windward side is that side which faces the prevailing wind (upwind), whereas
the leeward, or "lee" side, is the side sheltered from the wind by the mountain'svery elevation
(downwind).

Doyle dan timnya mengajukan 3 instrument baru untuk NSF/NCAR Gulfstream V berupa
Rayleigh lidar, sodium resonance lidar, mesospheric temperature mapper yang untuk pertama
kalinya membuat kita mampu mengikuti gravity waves dari bagian bawah atmosfer sampai ke
stratosfer, kemudian ke mesosfer hingga ke bagian bawah termosfer.