Overview of IEEE Wireless

Network Standards
 Convergent Wireless Network
Standards – IEEE 802 Series
• Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
– 802.15 (since 1999)
• Wireless Local Area Netwrok (WLAN)
– IEEE 802.11 (since 1990)
• Wireless Metropolitan Network (WMAN)
– IEEE 802.16 (since 2001)
• Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
– IEEE 802.20 (since 2002)
• Wireless Regional Area Network (WRAN)
– IEEE 802.22 (since 2004)
• Media Independent Handover Services
– IEEE 802.21
Relationship
RAN
< 100 km
802.22 (proposed) - 18 to 24 Mbps
ec
iv
re
WAN S
< 15 km re
802.20 (proposed) v
o
GSM, GPRS, CDMA, 2.5G, 3G d
10 kbps to 2.4 Mbps n
a
H
MAN
< 5 km 2
802.16-2004 - 70 Mbps 0
8
802.16e-2005 – 35Mbps
1
.2
LAN
< 150 m
802.11a/b/e/g – 1- 54Mbps
802.11n (proposed) > 100 Mbps

PAN
< 10 m

802.15.1 (Bluetooth) –1 Mbps

802.15.3 > 20 Mbps
802.15.3a (UWB) < 480 Mbps
802.15.4 (Zigbee) < 250 kbps
 Wireless Markets
TEXT GRAPHICS INTERNET HI-FI STREAMING DIGITAL MULTI-CHANNEL
AUDIO VIDEO VIDEO VIDEO
LONG
>

802.11b LAN
RANGE

802.11a/HL2 & 802.11g

Bluetooth 2
<

ZigBee PAN
SHORT

Bluetooth1

LOW < DATA RATE > HIGH

 IEEE 802.15 Working Group
IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee

802.1 802.11 802.15 802.16 802.17

Higher Layer ... Wireless Local ... Wireless Personal Broadband Wireless Resilient
LAN Protocols Area Networks Area Networks MAN Packet Ring
Working Group Working Group Working Group Working Group Working Group

TG1 TG2 TG3 TG4

WPAN/Bluetooth Coexistence WPAN High Rate WPAN Low Rate
Task Group Task Group Task Group Task Group
 WPAN – IEEE 802.15 (I)
• IEEE 802.15.1 S M

– Original spec – Bluetooth P

– Working range: < 10m S

SB S

– RF Band: 2.4GHz ISM P M=Master

S=Slave
– Modulation: Frequency Hopping
(79 channels) P=Parked
SB=Standby
– Bit Rate: up to 720 kbps S M

P
– Network structure:
• piconet – up to 8 devices S
SB
S

• scatternet – combination of piconet

P
• Provide voice channel
P

– Application: Device SB

communications M

– Status – Standard (2002) (2005) S

 WPAN – IEEE 802.15 (II)
• IEEE 802.15.2 – Coexistence
– Coexistence with 802.11
– Status – Standard (2003)
• IEEE 802.15.3/3b – High-Rate WPAN
– RF Band: 2.4 GHz ISM
– Bit Rate: > 20 Mbps
– Network Structure
• CSMA/CA + TDMA
• piconet + p2p communication link
• QoS
– Applications:
Short-range multimedia streaming
– Status – Standard (2005)
 WPAN – IEEE 802.15 (III)
• IEEE 802.15.4/4a – (Zigbee) Low-Rate WPAN
– RF Band: 868 MHz, 915 MHz, 2.4GHz
– Modulation: BPSK + spreading codes
– Bit rate: < 250 kbps
– Low power consumption
– Application: Industrial/Medical sensor network
– Network Structure
• CSMA/CA
• Star / peer-peer / combination
– Status:
• 802.15.4 – Standard (2003) (2006)
• 802.15.4a – Standard (2007)
• 802.15.4c/4d – PHY for China/Japan – pre-draft
• 802.15.4e – enhancement - predraft
 Why is ZigBee Needed?
• Unique needs of sensors and control
systems
– Don’t need high bandwidth
– Low cost
– Low latency
– Very low energy consumption for long battery lives
– Large number of devices
 WPAN – IEEE 802.15 (IV)
• IEEE 802.15.5 – WPAN Mesh
– Facilitating wireless mesh topologies
– High-Rate MAC & Low-Rate MAC
enhancement
– Status – pre-draft
WPAN Spec
 WLAN – IEEE 802.11 (WiFi)
Network Structure
Infrastructure BSS

Independent BSS

Access Point
 WLAN – IEEE 802.11 (PHY)
• IEEE 802.11g
– Integrate 11a & 11b at 2.4 GHz
• IEEE 802.11
– Status: Standard
– General MAC – CSMA/CA
– Modulation: FHSS, DSSS, IR • IEEE 802.11n
PHY – RF Band: 2.4 GHz ISM
– Bit rate: up to 2Mbps – Modulation: OFDM + MIMO
– Status: Standard (1999) – Bit Rate: > 100 Mbps
• IEEE 802.11a – Status: draft
– RF Band: 5 GHz UNII • IEEE 802.11j
– Modulation: OFDM – Japanese PHY
– Bit Rate: up to 54 Mbps – Status: Standard (2004)
– Status: Standard (1999)
• IEEE 802.11b
– RF Band: 2.4GHz ISM
– Modulation: CCK
– Bit Rate: up to 11 Mbps
– Status: Standard (1999)
 WLAN – IEEE 802.11 (MAC)
• IEEE 802.11e
– QoS Enhancement on
MAC
– Status – Standard (2005)
• IEEE 802.11f
– Inter-Access Point Protocol
(IAPP)
– Status – Standard (2003)
Withdrawn (2006)
• IEEE 802.11i
– Security Enhancement on
MAC
– Status: Standard (2004)
Draft or pre-draft:
• 11k – Radio Resource
Measurement
• 11p – Wireless Access in
Vehicular Environments
(WAVE)
• 11r – Fast Roaming
• 11s – WLAN Mesh
• 11u – Interworking with
External Networks
• 11v – Network Management
• 11w – protected management
frame
• 11z – Direct Link Setup
IEEE 802.11 PHY Layer
WMAN – IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX)
Potential Usage of WiMax
 WMAN – IEEE 802.16 Spec
• IEEE 802.16-2004 – Fixed
WMAN • IEEE 802.16e-2005 –
– Range: Mobile WMAN
• Line of Sight: about 50 km – Support mobility
• Non Line of Sight: about 8 km – Bit rate: up to 60 Mbps
– Bit Rate: – RF Band: < 11 GHz
• Line of Sight: 16 ~ 134 Mbps
• Non Line of Sight: up to ~70
Mbps • IEEE 802.16.2-2004
– RF Band: – Coexistence
• Line of Sight : 11~66 GHz
• Non Line of Sight: 2~11GHz
• IEEE 802.16f-2005
– Management Information
– Modulation: SC, OFDM, MIMO BASE (MIB)
– MAC: PMP, Mesh (optional)
– Duplexing: TDD/FDD
• IEEE 802.16k-2007
– Bridging of IEEE 802.16
– QoS
 WMAN – IEEE 802.16 Spec
(cont.)
Draft or Pre-draft:
• IEEE 802.16h
– Improved Coexistence Mechanisms for
License-Exempt Operation
• IEEE 802.16i
– Management Plane Procedures and Services
• IEEE 802.16j
– Multihop Relay Specification
 WWAN – IEEE 802.20
• Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA)
• Mission
– Develop the specification for an efficient packet based
air interface that is optimized for the transport of IP
based services
• Scope:
– MAC & PHY of MBWA
– RF Band: < 3.5 GHz
– Modulation: OFDM
– Bit rate: > 1 Mbps per user
– Mobility: up to 250 km/h
• A direct competitor to 3G
• Status: draft
 WRAN – IEEE 802.22
• Cognitive-Radio Based PHY/MAC
– enable flexible, efficient and reliable spectrum use by adapting the
radio’s operating characteristics to the real-time conditions of the
environment
• RF Band:
– TV Bands (54 ~ 682 MHz) w/ bandwidth 6/7/8 MHz
• MAC: PMP (point-to-multipoint)
• Bit Rate:
– 18 ~ 24 Mbps per channel
– 1.5 Mbps upstream, 300 kbps downstream
• Service Range:
– 33 km for 4W CPE transmit power
– up to 100 km
– Propagation delays exceed 300 µs
• Status: draft (802.22.1 draft 2.0)
 MIH – IEEE 802.21
• Media Independent Handover (MIH)
• Mission
– Enable handover and interoperability between
heterogeneous network types including both 802 and
non 802 networks.
– Focus on Heterogeneous (Vertical) Handovers
• Homogeneous (Horizontal) Handovers
– Within Single Network (Localized Mobility)
– 802.11r, 802.16e, 3GPP, 3GPP2

• Services: (next page)

• Status: draft (D7.1)
 Handover Standards
I-WLAN 802.11r
VCC
802.16e
SAE-LTE
IEEE IEEE
3GPP/2
802.21
Horizontal
Inter-working & Handovers
Handover Signaling

MIP SIP
NETLMM FMIP
HIP MIPSHOP IP Mobility &
DNA
Handover Signaling
IETF

802.21 Provides 802 component to other Handover Standards

 802.21: Key Services
Applications (VoIP/RTP)
Link Layer
Connection Triggers
Handover
Management
State Change
Policy
Handover Management Predictive
Network
ProtocolsInitiated

IETF
Mobility Management
Network Information
802.21 MIH Function Available Networks
Smart Handover Information Neighbor Maps

IEEE 802.21
Triggers Messages
Handover Commands Network Services
Service

L2 Triggers Handover Client Initiated

Information
Network Initiated
and Events Messages Service

Vertical Handovers
WLAN Cellular WMAN
Protocol and Device Hardware

802.21 uses multiple services to Optimize

Vertical Handovers