Latin American Short

1
Story
Native Spanish
10th Grade
By Mrs. Herrera
2 Content Standards

 RL 4. Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in

the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the
cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g.,
how the language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal
or informal tone). (See grade 9–10 Language standards 4–6 for additional
expectations.) CA
RL5. Analyze how an author’s choices concerning how to structure a text,
order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g.,
pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise.
Writing
1. e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and
supports the argument presented.

Content Standards Addressed

3 Introductory Hook

Write about a specific experience from your life when you traveled, in
bus or airplane. Who was the person sitting next to you? Do you talk
to him or her? What happened when the trip ended? When you
finished share with a classmate next to you your experience.

Educational Hook 1
4 Definition:
What Is a Short Story?
 A short story is a work of short, narrative prose that is usually
centered around one single event. It is limited in scope and has an
introduction, body and conclusion.
 It is story of fiction that narrates both fictional events as real or
fantastic. Because of its brevity, each phrase has a special
significance within its structure, particularly those at the end, that
are usually revealing.
 Prose: Form of literary expression, not subject to measure or
cadence as poetry. Stories, legends, essays, plays, etc. but NOT
poems
5 Latin American Boom

 Latin American Boom:

In Latin American literature, a moment of great growth in the creation
of narrative works that began in 1940. The production is very varied
and many of its authors created international bestsellers and
translated into multiple languages. One of the trends in this literature
corresponds to the so-called magical realism literature. Examples: The
narrative works of Jorge Luis Borges, Julio Cortázar, Gabriel García
Márquez, Carlos Fuentes, Juan Rulfo, Mario Vargas Llosa and other
authors.
6 Authors of Latin American Boom

Authors of Latin American Boom, Julio

Cortázar, Gabriel García Márquez, Carlos
Fuentes, Mario Vargas Llosa.(left to right)
7 Essential Parts of The Short Story

Climax

Conflict

Exposition Outcome

Dual Coding 1
8 Elements of Short Story

 Argument: The events that occur in a story, drama or novel. In

general, the plot consists of the following elements related to each
other: exposure, conflict, climax and outcome.
 Exposition: at the beginning of a story or a drama, through the
exhibition the basic situation is presented by introducing at least
one main character.
 Conflict: the central element of a story, a drama or a novel. In
external conflicts, a character struggles with another person, a
group or a force of nature. In internal conflicts. the fight takes
place within the mind of a character.
9 Elements of Short Story…

 Climax: is the culminating moment of a story, a drama or a novel,

which determines its outcome. It is usually the moment of greatest
emotion or tension that complicates the plot.
 Outcome: In the plot, appears after the climax; is where the
conflicts and loose ends are tied and part of the intrigue. It can be
closed (with solution of the intrigue) or open (without solutions),
and the intrigue can continue.
 Now is your turn
10
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHtrIpeCfPg
 The plot is the main sequence of events that make up the story. In
short stories the plot is usually centered around one experience or
significant moment. Consider the following questions:
 What is the most important event?
 How is the plot structured? Is it linear, chronological or does it move
around?

Progress Monitoring
Questions 1
11 Narrator and Point of view

 The narrator is the person telling the story. Consider this

question: Are the narrator and the main character the same?
 By point of view we mean from whose eyes the story is being told.
Short stories tend to be told through one character’s point of view.
The following are important questions to consider:
1. Who is the narrator or speaker in the story?
2. Does the author speak through the main character?
3. Is the story written in the first person “I” point of view?
4. Is the story written in a detached third person “he/she” point
of view?
 Un día rumbo a Nueva York en el
aeropuerto conocí a una chica que me
dejo impactado con su ternura y
elasticidad era hermosa. Ya en el avión
12 ella acomodo todos sus cosas en perfecto
orden ,luego cogió un cofre y se tomo 2
pastillas al parecer para dormir todo el
viaje.(Párrafo 1)
Yo estaba ansioso porque se despertara El Avión de la bella durmiente (Gabriel García
,quería saber mas de ella y de su Márquez) Read the three paragraphs in the left
misteriosa vida, pero.. Tanta fue mi mala
suerte que ella se despertó justo cuando and then answer the following questions:
ya llegamos al lugar de origen.(Párrafo
16)
 Conflict or tension is usually the heart of the
short story and is related to the main
Entonces se puso la chaqueta de lince,
character. In a short story there is usually one
pasó casi por encima de mí con una
disculpa convencional en castellano puro main struggle.
de las Américas, y se fue sin despedirse
siquiera, sin agradecerme al menos lo  How would you describe the main conflict?
mucho que hice por nuestra noche feliz, y
desapareció hasta el sol de hoy en la
 Is it an internal conflict within the character?
amazonia de Nueva York.(Párrafo 26)  Is it an external conflict caused by the
surroundings or environment the main
character finds himself/herself in?

Progress Monitoring
Questions 2
13 Literary Figures

 Símil o comparación. El Símil o Comparación consiste en

establecer una relación de semejanza entre un término real y uno
imaginario que aparecen unidos por una partícula (generalmente
como).
 Simile or comparison. The Simile or Comparison consists of
establishing a relation of similarity between a real term and an
imaginary one that appear united by a particle (generally like).
14 Example of Similes

Cuerpos se comparan
Símil o comparación con:
 Ejemplos: Unos cuerpos son
como flores otros como
puñales otros como cintas
de agua pero todos, temprano
o tarde, serán quemaduras
que en otro cuerpo se
agranden, convirtiendo por
virtud del fuego a una piedra
en un hombre (Luis Cernuda)

Dural Coding 2
15 Literary Figures
 La Metáfora consiste en expresar una palabra o frase con un significado
distinto al habitual entre los cuales existe una relación de semejanza o
analogía. Es decir, se identifica algo real (R) con algo imaginario (I). Se
distingue de la Comparación en que no usa el nexo "como". Ejemplos:
Tus dientes (R) son perlas (i)

 The Metaphor consists of expressing a word or phrase with a meaning

different from the usual one between which there is a relation of similarity
or analogy. That is, something real (R) is identified with something
imaginary (I). It differs from the Comparison in that it does not use the "as"
nexus. Examples: Your teeth (R) are pearls (i)
16 Literary Figures

 La Hipérbole consiste en una exageración destinada a

engrandecer o empequeñecer un aspecto de la realidad o un
concepto.
Ejemplo: Por tu amor me duele el aire, el corazón y el sombrero.
Federico García Lorca.
 Hyperbole is an exaggeration intended to magnify or diminish one
aspect of reality or a concept.

Dual Coding 4
17 Literary Figures

 Asíndeton: recurso que consiste en omitir los nexos conjuntivos (y,

pero, mas). Se encuentra en las enumeraciones. Su contrario es el
polisíndeton
Ejemplo: “Llegué, vi, vencí.” de Julio César

 Asyndeton: A resource that consists of omitting the conjunctive

links (and, but, more). It is found in the enumerations. Its opposite
is the polysyndeton.
18 Literary Figures
 Polisíndeton: Figura retórica que consiste en repetir las
conjuciones (y, si, pero, mas) sin que lo exija la sintaxis. Hace mas
lento el ritmo y puede así alargar la frase o hacer más solemne la
expresión. Es el contrario de asíndeton.
 Polysyndeton: Rhetorical figure that consists in repeating
conjunctions (and, yes, but, more) without being required by the
syntax. It slows down the rhythm and can thus lengthen the phrase
or make the expression more solemn. It is the opposite of
asyndeton.
Example: Nicolás Guillén, “Balada de los dos abuelos”: Piedra de
llanto y de sangre, venas y ojos entreabiertos, y madrugadas vacías y
atardeceres de ingenio, y una gran voz, fuerte voz, despedazando el
silencio
19 Literary Figures
 Personificación o Prosopopeya. La Personificación o
Prosopopeya consiste en atribuir cualidades propias de seres
animados a otros inanimados o abstractos, o acciones y cualidades
humanas a seres que no lo son, dándoles vida propia.
Ejemplos: Las estrellas nos miraban mientras la ciudad sonreía.
 Personification or Prosopopoeia: consists of attributing qualities
characteristic of animate beings to other inanimate or abstract, or
human actions and qualities to beings that are not, giving them a
life of their own.

Dual Coding 5
 Let go! Show your learning
20 In the next fragments of “El avión de la bella
durmiente”, of Gabriel Garcia Marquez identify the
Literary Figures.

 __________: “estaba tan bella y lozana como si hubiera dormido en un rosal”.

(p.21).
 __________: “Pero en la sala de espera de la primera clase la primavera era tan
real que había rosas vivas en los floreros y hasta la música enlatada parecía tan
sublime y sedante como lo pretendían sus creadores”. (p.19).
 ___________: «Esta es la mujer más bella que he visto en mi vida». (p.19)
 ____________: «Saber que duermes tú, cierta, segura, cauce fiel de abandono,
línea pura, tan cerca de mis brazos maniatados». (p.19).
 _____________: Era bella, elástica, con una piel tierna del color del pan y los ojos
de almendras verdes, y tenía el cabello liso y negro y largo hasta la espalda, y una
aura de antigüedad que lo mismo podía ser de Indonesia que de los Andes. (p.19)
Culminant Activity 1
 Explain what are the words that show the
21
Literary Figure in the following fragments?.
 Personificación:
Neruda, “Walking around”: …calzoncillos, toallas y camisas que lloran lentas
lágrimas sucias…
La naturaleza plenamente abierta, se siente satisfecha de sí. “El hijo” (Horacio
Quiroga).
 Asindeton:
Tú echas mano de tu corazón, y vas y lo arrojas a los pies de la primera que pasa,
y no quieres que lo pise y lo lastime, y le entregas ese depósito sin conocerla.
(Mariano José de Larra, “La Noche Buena de 1836”.

 Hyperbole
El dictador [...] cuyo poder había sido tan grande que alguna vez preguntó qué
horas son y le habían contestado las que usted ordene mi general (Gabriel García
Márquez). Culminating Activity