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 Chapter 13 - Complex Number

Exercise: 13.1

Page Number:13.3

Question 1

Solution:

(i)

i 457  i  41141
 i 4114  i
i

(ii)
i 528  i 4132  i    1
4 132

(iii)
1 1
58
  414  2
i i
1
  414  2
i i
1
 2
i
Since, i 2  1
Implies that that solution is 1

(iv)
1 1
i 37  67
 i 491  4163
i i
1
 i 49  i  416 3
i i
1
i
i

(v)

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 Study Materials
NCERT Solutions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
Revision Notes for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
RD Sharma Solutions for Class 6 to 12 Mathematics
RS Aggarwal Solutions for Class 6, 7 & 10 Mathematics
Important Questions for Class 6 to 12 (Math & Science)
CBSE Sample Papers for Class 9, 10 & 12 (Math &
Science)
Important Formula for Class 6 to 12 Math
CBSE Syllabus for Class 6 to 12
Lakhmir Singh Solutions for Class 9 & 10
Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 12 Previous Year Question Paper
CBSE Class 10 Previous Year Question Paper
JEE Main & Advanced Question Paper
NEET Previous Year Question Paper

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 9 9
 41 1    410 1 1 
 i  257    i   4 64 1 
 i   i 
9
 1
 i  
 i
9
 i2 1 
 
 i 
9
 1  1 
 
 i 
 09
0

(vi)
3 3
i 77

 i 70  i 87  i 414   i  4191  i  417 2   i  4213  i  4103 2  
3
 i  4 19 
 i  i 417   i 2  i 4 21  i 3  i 4103  i 2 
3
  i  1  i  1 , i 4  1, i3  i and i 2  1
3
  2 
 8

(vii)
i 30  i 40  i 60  i  47  2  i  410  i 415
410  415 
 i 47  i 2  i i ,Since, i 4  1, i 2  1  1
 1  1  1
1
(viii)
i 49  i 68  i 89  i110  i 
412 1
 i   i 
4 22 1
 i
417 427  2 

412  417  4 22  4 27 
i i  i i i  i  i2
 i  1  i  1 i 4  1, i 2  1
 2i

Question 2

Solution:

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 i10  1
i 20  1
i 30  1
1   1  1   1  0

0 is a real number,
So, we can say that the value of 1  i10  i 20  i 30 is a real number.

Question 3

Solution:
(i)
i 49  i 68  i 89  i110  i  412 1  i  417   i 422  1  i 4 27  2
 i 412  i  i 417  i 4 22  i  i 4 27  i 2
 i 1  i 1
 2i
 i 1 i  i2

(ii)
i 30  i 80  i120  i  i 2  i    i  
4 7 4 20 4 30

 1 i 2   1  1
 1  1  1
1
(iii)

i  i 2  i 3  i 4  1   1   i   1
0
(iv)

i 5  i10  i15  i 4  i   i 4 2  i 2   i 4 3i 3

 1  i   1  i 2   1 i 3 
 i 1 i
 1
(v)

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 i    i147  i 2   i    i    i 2   i  
4 148 4 147 4 146 4 146
i 592  i 590  i 588  i 584

i 582  i 580  i 578  i 574 i 4145  i 2   i 4145  i 4144  i 2   i 4144  i 4143  i 2 

1  1  i 2   1  1 i 2   1

1  i 2   1  1  i 2   1  1 i 2 
1 1 1 1 1

1  1  1  1  1
1

1
 1

(vi)

1  i 2  i 4  i 6  i 8  i 20  1  1  1  1 i 2   1  1 i 2   1  1 i 2   1  1 i 2   1
 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  1
1

(vii)

6 3 2 3 3
1  i   1  i   1  i    1  i 
 
3
 1  i 2  2i   1  3i  3i 2  i 3 
3
 1  1  2i   1  3i  3  i 
 8i 3  2  2i
 8i  2  2i
 2  10i

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Exercise: 13.2

Page Number:13.31

Question 1

Solution :
 i  1  i  1  2i 
 1  2i  i  2i 2
 1  3i  2  i 2
 1
 1  3i
3  2i
(ii) 2  i
3  2i 3  2i 2  i
 
2  i 2  i 2  i
6  3i  4i  2i 2

4  i2
 i 2
 1

 6  7i  2

4 1
4  7i

5
4 7
  i
5 5

1
2

(iii)
2  i
1
2
2  i
1

4  i 2  4i
 i 2
 1

1

3  4i
1 3  4i
 
3  4i 3  4i
3  4i

9  16i 2
3  4i

9  16
3 4
  i
25 25

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 1 i
(iv) 1  i
1 i 1 i 1 i
 
1 i 1 i 1 i
1  i 2  2i

1  i2
 i 2
 1

2i

2
 i
3
2  i
(v) 2  3i
3
2  i
2  3i
 4  i 2  4i   2  i 

2  3i
 i 2  1
8  2i 2  8i  4i  i 3  4i 2

2  3i
2  11i 2  3i
 
2  3i 2  3i
4  6i  22i  33i 2

4  9i 2
37  16i

49
37 16
  i
13 13

1  i  1  3i 
(vi) 1 i

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1  i  1  3i 
1 i
1  i  1  3i   1 i

1 i 1 i
1  3i  1  i 2
 2i 

1 i 2  i 2
 1


1  3i  2i
2

 i 1  3i 
 i  3i 2
  3 i

2  3i
(vii) 4  5i
2  3i
4  5i
2  3i 4  5i
 
4  5i 4  5i
8  10i  12i  15i 2

16  25i 2
 i 2
 1

23  2i

16  25
23 2
  i
41 41

3
1  i 
3
(viii) 1  i

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 3
1  i 
1  i3
1  i 2  2i  1  i 

1 i 3  i 2
 1

2i 1  i  1  i 3
 
1  i3 1  i3
2i 1  i 3  i  i 4 

1  i6
2i 1  i  i  1

1  i2
2i  2i 

2
 2  0i

3

(ix) 
1  2i 

3
1  2i 
1
 3
1  2i 
1

1  8i  6i  12i 2
3

1

1  8i  6i  12
 i 2  1 & i 3  i 

1

2i  11
1 2i  11
 
2i  11 2i  11
2i  11
 2
4i  121
2i  11

4  121
2i  11

125
11 2i
 
125 125
3  4i
(x) 
4  2i 1  i 

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 3  4i
 4  2i 1  i 
3  4i

4  2i  2i 2  i 2  1

3  4i

6  2i
3  4i 6  2i
 
6  2i 6  2i
18  6i  24i  8i 2

36  4i 2
18  30i  8

36  4
10  30i

40
1 3
  i
4 4
 1 2   3  4i 
   
(xi)  1  4i 1  i   5  i 

 1 2  3  4i 
   
 1  4i 1  i  5  i 
 1  i  2  8i   3  4i 
    
 1  4i 1  i    5  i 
 1  9i   3  4i 
 2  
 1  3i  4i   5  i 
 1  9i  3  4i 
 
 5  3i  5  i 
  i 2  1

3  4i  27i  36i 2

25  5i  15i  3i 2
33  31i

28  10i
33  31i 28  10i
 
28  10i 28  10i
924  330i  868i  310i 2

784  100i 2
614  1198i

884
307 599
  i
442 442

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 5  2i
(xii) 1  2i

5  2i
1  2i
5  2i 1  2i
 
1  2i 1  2i
5  5 2i  2i  2i 2

1  2i 2
5  6 2i  2

1 2
 i 2  1
3  6 2i

3
 1  2 2i
Question 2 Find the real value of x and y, if
(i)  x  iy  2  3i   4  i
2
(ii)  3 x  2iy  2  i   10 1  i 

(iii)
1  i  x  2i   2  3i  y  i  i
3i 3i
(iv) 1  i  x  iy 

Solution:
(i)
 x  iy  2  3i   4  i
2 x  3ix  2iy  3i 2 y  4  i
2 x  3 y  i  3x  2 y   4  i
Comparing both the sides:
2x  3y  4 .... 1
3x  2 y  1 ....  2 

Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 2:

6 x  9 y  12 ...  3
6 x  4 y  2 ...  4 
Adding equations (3) and (4):
13 y  14
14
y
13
Substituting the value of y in equation (1):

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 14
2x  3 4
13
42
 2x  4 
13
10
 2x 
13
5
x
13
5 14
 x and y 
13 13
(ii)

2
 3x  2iy  2  i   10 1  i 
  3x  2iy   4  i 2  4i   10 1  i 
  3x  2iy  3  4i   10 1  i 
 9 x  12 xi  6iy  8i 2 y  10  10i
 9 x  8 y  i 12 x  6 y   10  10i
Comparing both the sides:
9 x  8 y  10 .... 1
12 x  6 y  10
or , 6 x  3 y  5 ...  2 
Multiplying equation (1) by 3 and equation (2) by 8,
27 x  24 y  30 ....  3
48 x  24 y  40 ....  4 
Adding equations  3 and  4  :
75 x  70
14
 x
15

Substituting the value of x in equation (1):

14
9   8 y  10
15
126
  8 y  10
15
126
 8 y  10 
15
24
 8y 
15
1
y
5
(iii)

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1  i  x  2i   2  3i  y  i  i
3 i 3i


   2i  3  i    2  3i  3  i  y  i  3  i 
1  i 3  i x 
i
 3  i  3  i 
3 x  ix  3ix  i 2 x  6i  2i 2  6 y  2iy  9iy  3i 2 y  3i  i 2
 i
9  i2
4 x  2ix  3i  9 y  7iy  3
 i
10
  4 x  9 y  3  i  2 x  3  7 y   10i
Comparing both the sides:
4x  9 y  3  0
 4x  9 y  3 .... 1
2 x  3  7 y  10
 2 x  7 y  13 ...  2 
Multiplying equation (2) by 2:
4 x  14 y  26  3
Subtracting equation (3) from (1):
4x  9 y  3
4 x  14 y  26
23 y  23
 y  1
Substituting the value of y in equation (1):
4x  9  3
 4 x  12
 x3
 x  3 and y  1

(iv)
1  i  x  iy   2  5i
 x  iy  ix  i 2 y  2  5i
 x  iy  ix  y  2  5i
  x  y   i  y  x   2  5i
Comparing both the sides,
x y  2 ... 1
x  y  5 ...  2 
Adding equations (1) and (2),
2 x  3
3
x
2
Substituting the value of x in equation (1),

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3
y2
2
3
y 2
2
7
y
2
3 7
x  and y 
2 2

Question 3:Find the conjugates of the following complex numbers:

(i) 4  5i
1
(ii)
3  5i
1
(iii)
1 i
2

(iv)
 3  2i 
2i
(v)
1  i  2  i 
3i
(vi)
 3  2i  2  3i 
1  2i  2  i 
Solution :
(i)
Let z  4  5i
 z  4  5i  z  a  ib, so z  a  ib 
(ii)

1
Let z 
3  5i
1 3  5i
 
3  5i 3  5i
3  5i

9  25i 2
3  5i

9  25
3  5i

34
3  5i
 z
34
(iii)

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 1
Let z 
1 i
1 1 i
 
1 i 1 i
1 i

1  i2
1 i

2
1 i
 z
2
(iv)

Let z 
3  i 
2i


 9  6i  1
2i
8  6i 2  i
 
2i 2i
16  8i  12i  6i 2

4  i2
10  20i

5
 2  4i
 z  2  4i

(v)

Let z 
1  i  2  i 
3 i
2  i  2i  i 2

3i
1  3i

3i
1  3i 3  i
 
3i 3i
3  i  9i  3i 2

9  i2
6  8i

10
3  4i

5
3  4i
 z
5

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(vi)

Let z 
 3  2i  2  3i 
1  2i  2  i 
6  9i  4i  6i 2

2  i  4i  2i 2
6  6  5i

2  2  3i
12  5i 4  3i
 
4  3i 4  3i
48  36i  20i  15i 2

16  9i 2
63  16i

25
63  16i
 z
25
Question 4:

Solution :
(i) Let z=1-i .Then
1 1

z 1 i
1 1 i
 
1 i 1 i
1 i

1  i2
1
 1  i 
2
1 1
  i
2 2

(ii)
2

z  1  3i 
 1  3i 2  2 3i
 2  2 3i
Then,

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1 1 2  2 3i
 
z 2  2 3i 2  2 3i
2  2 3i

4  12i 2
2  2 3i

16
1 3
  i
8 8
(iii)

z  4  3i
1 1 4  3i
Then,  
z 4  3i 4  3i
4  3i

16  9i 2
4  3i

25
4 3
  i
25 25

(iv)

z  5  3i
1 1 5  3i
Then,  
z 5  3i 5  3i
5  3i

5  9i 2
5  3i

59
5  3i

14
5 3
  i
14 14

Question 5:
Solution:
Given,

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z1  2  i, z2  1  i
z1  z2  1 2  i  1  i  1
 
z1  z2  i 2  i 1 i  i
4

1 i
4

1 i

Also, 1  i  12  i 2  a  bi  a 2  b2 
 2
z1  z2  1 4
 
z1  z2  i 2

(ii)

 1  1
 
 z1 z1   2  i  2  i 
1
 2 2
2 i
1

5
 1 
Im  0  Since no term containing i is present 
 z1 z1 
Question 6

Solution:

(i)

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z1  2  i, z2  2  i, z1  2  i
 z z    2  i  2  i  
 1 2  
 z1   2i 
 4  2i  2i  i 2 
 
 2i 
 3  4i 
 
 2i 
 3  4i  2  i  
  
 2  i  2  i 
 6  3i  8i  4i 2 
 
 22  i 2 
 2  11i 
  
 4   1 
 2  11i 
 
 5 
 z z  2
Re  1 2  
 z1  5
1 i 1 i
Question 7: Find the modulus of 
1 i 1 i
Solution:
1 i 1 i

1 i 1 i


1  i 1  i   1  i 1  i 
1  i 1  i 
1  i 2  2i  1  i 2  2i

12  i 2
4i

2
 i 2  1
 2i
 2i  0 2  22

2  a  bi  a2  b2 
1 i 1 i
  2
1 i 1 i

Question 8:
Solution :
a  ib
x  iy 
a  ib
Taking mod on both the sides:

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 a  ib
x  iy 
a  ib
a2  b2
 x2  y2 
a2  b2
 x2  y2  1
 x2  y2  1
Hence proved.
Question 9
Solution:
n
 1 i 
 
 1 i 
n
1  i  1  i  
  
1  i  1  i  
n
 1  i 2  2i 
 2 
 1 i 
n
 1  1  2i 
 
 11 
n
 2i 
 
2
 in
For in to be real, the least positive value of n will be 2. As i 2  1

Question 10:
Solution:

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 m
1  i 
m2
1  i 
m


1 i
 1  i 
2
m
1  i 
m
 1 i 1 i 
  1  i  2i 
2
 
 1 i 1 i 
m
 1  i 2  2i 
 2   1  1  2i 
 1 i 
m
 1  1  2i 
    2i 
 11 
 2i  i m 
m 1
 2  i 
For this to be real , the smallest positive value of m will be1.
Thus, i11  i 2  1, which is real.
Question 11:
Solution:
m
1  i 
m2
1  i 
m


1 i
 1  i 
2
m
1  i 
m
 1 i 1 i 
  1  i  2i 
2
 
 1 i 1 i 
m
 1  i 2  2i 
 2   1  1  2i 
 1 i 
m
 1  1  2i 
    2i 
 11 
 2i  i m 
m 1
 2  i 
For this to be real, the smallest positive value of m will be 1. Thus, i11  i 2  1 ,
which is real.

Question 12.
Solution:

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1 i 1 i 1 i
 
1 i 1 i 1 i
2


1  i 
12  i 2
12  i 2  2i

11
 i  1
2

1  1  2i

2
2i

2
 i .... 1
100
 1 i 
   a  ib
1 i 
 (i )100  a  ib  From 1 
 i 425  a  ib
 1  0i  a  ib  i 4  1
 a  1 and b  0

Thus (a,b)=(1,0)

Question 13.

Solution:

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1  a 1  cos   i sin 

1  a 1  cos   i sin 


1  cos   isin  1  cos   isin
1  cos   isin 1  cos   isin
1  cos   i sin   cos   cos 2   i cos  sin   i sin   i sin  cos   i 2 sin 2 

(1  cos  ) 2  i 2 sin 2 
1  cos 2   sin 2   2i sin 
  i 2  1
1  cos 2   2i cos   sin 2 
sin 2   sin 2   2i sin 

2  2i cos 
i sin 

1  cos 
 
2i sin cos
 2 2
2
2sin
2

 2i cot
2
1 a 
Thus,  2i cot
1 a 2

Question 14:
Solution:
1 i 1 i 1 i
 
1 i 1 i 1 i
2


1  i 
12  i 2
12  i 2  2i
 i  1
2

11
1  1  2i

2
2i

2
 i .... 1
100
 1 i 
   a  ib
1 i 
 (i )100  a  ib  From 1 
 i 425  a  ib
 1  0i  a  ib  i 4  1
 a  1 and b  0

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Question 15:

Solution:
1  a 1  cos   i sin 

1  a 1  cos   i sin 


1  cos   isin  1  cos   isin
1  cos   isin 1  cos   isin
1  cos   i sin   cos   cos 2   i cos  sin   i sin   i sin  cos   i 2 sin 2 

(1  cos  )2  i 2 sin 2 
1  cos 2   sin 2   2i sin 
  i 2  1
1  cos 2   2i cos   sin 2 
sin 2   sin 2   2i sin 
  cos 2   sin 2   1
2  2i cos 
i sin 

1  cos 
 
2i sin cos
 2 2
2
2sin
2

 2i cot
2
Question 16:

Solution :
(i)

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 3  5i
x
2
2
 3  5i 
 x2   
 2 
9  25i 2  30i

4
16  30i

4
16  30i 3  5i
 x3  
4 2
48  80i  90i  150i 2

8
198  10i

8
 198  10i   16  30i   3  5i 
 2 x3  2 x 2  7 x  72  2    2   7   72
 8   4   2 
198  10i  32  60i  42  70i  288

4
16

4
4
(ii)

x  3  2i
2
 x 2   3  2i 
 9  4i 2  12i
 5  12i
 x3  x 2  x
  5  12i    3  2i 
 15  10i  36i  24
 9  46i
2
 x4   x2 
2
  5  12i 
 25  144i 2  120i
 119  120i
 x 4  4 x 3  4 x 2  8 x  44  119  120i  4  9  46i   4  5  12i   8  3  2i   44
 119  120i  36  184i  20  48i  24  16i  44
5
(iii)

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x  1  2i
2

 x 2  1  2i 
 1  2i 2  2 2i
 1  2 2i
3

 x  1  2 2i  1  2i   
 1  2i  2 2i  4i 2
 5  2i
2

 x 4  1  2 2i 
 1  8i 2  4 2i
 7  4 2i
    
 x  4 x3  6 x 2  4 x  9  7  4 2i  4 5  2i  6 1  2 2i  4 1  2i  9
4

 7  4 2i  20  4 2i  6  12 2i  4  4 2i  9
 12

(iv)
1 i
x
2
2
 1 i 
2
 x  
 2
 1  i 2  2i 
 
 2 
2i

2
i
3
 x6   x2 
 i3
 i
 x2  i
2
 x4   x2 
 i2
 1
Now, x 6  x 4  x 2  1  i  1  i  1
0
(v)

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x  2  3i
2

 x 2  2  3i 

 (2)2  ( 3i )2  2  2   3i 
 4  3i 2  4 3i
 4  3  4 3i  i 2  1

 1  4 3i
3
  
 x  1  4 3i  2  3i 
 2  3i  8 3i  12i 2
 10  9 3i  i 2  1
2

 x 4  1  4 3i 
 1  48i 2  8 3i
 i  1
2
 47  8 3i

       
 2 x 4  5 x 3  7 x 2  x  41  2 47  8 3i  5 10  9 3i  7 1  4 3i  2  3i  41

 94  16 3i  50  45 3i  7  28 3i  2  3i  41
6

Question 17.
Solution

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 2
1  i 12  i 2  2i

2i 2i
1  1  2i
  i 2  1
2i
2i 2  i
 
2 1 2  i
2i  2  i 
 2 2
2 i
4i  2i 2
  i 2  1
4 1
4i  2

5
2 4
  i .... 1
5 5
2
1  i 
 x  iy
2i
2 4
   i  x  iy  From 1 
5 5
2 4
 x   and y 
5 5
2 4 2
x  y   
5 5 5
2
Thus, x  y 
5

Question 18:
1  i  z  1  i  z
z 1 i
 
z 1 i
z 1 i 1 i
  
z 1 i 1 i
z 1  i 2  2i
 
z 1  i2
z 1  1  2i
   i 2  1
z 11
z 2i
 
z 2
z
  i
z
 z  iz
Hence, z   z

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Question 19:
Solution: Let z  x  iy
Then,
2
z 2   x  iy 
 x 2  i 2 y 2  2ixy
 x 2  y 2  2ixy  i 2  1

And z  x 2  y 2
According to the question,
Re  z 2   0 and z  2

 x 2  y 2  0 and x 2  y 2  2
 x 2  y 2  0 and x 2  y 2  4
On Adding both the equations, we get
2 x2  4
 x2  2
x 2
 y2  2
 y 2
Thus, x   2 and y   2

Question 20:
Solution: Let z  x  iy then,
z  1 x  iy  1

z  1 x  iy  1


 x  1  iy   x  1  iy
 x  1  iy  x  1  iy
x 2  x  ixy  x  1  iy  ixy  iy  i 2 y 2
 2
 x  1  i2 y2
x 2  y 2  1  2iy
  i 2  1
x2  1  2 x  y 2
z 1
If is purely imaginary number
z 1

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  z 1 
Re  0
 z 1 
 x2  y 2  1  0
 x2  y 2  1
2
 z 1
 z 
Thus, the value of z is 1.

Question 21:

Solution: Let z  x  iy then,

z1  1
z2 
z1  1
x  iy  1

x  iy  1


 x  1  iy   x  1  iy
 x  1  iy  x  1  iy
x 2  x  ixy  x  1  iy  ixy  iy  i 2 y 2
 2
 x  1  i2 y2
x 2  y 2  1  2iy
 2 2
 i 2  1
x 1  2x  y
Now,
x2  y 2  1
Re  z2   2 0  z1  1  x 2  y 2  1
x  y2 1 2x
Thus, real part of z2 is zero

Question 22
Solution: Let z  x  iy then,
z  1   x  1  iy
2
 z 1   x  1  y2

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 z  1  z  2 1  i 
 x 2  2 x  1  y 2   x  iy   2  2i
 x2  2 x  1  y2   x  2  i  y  2
 x 2  2 x  1  y 2   x  2  and y  2  0
2
 x 2  2 x  1  y 2   x  2  and y  2
 x 2  2 x  1  y 2  x 2  4 x  4 and y  2
 y 2  2 x  3 and y  2
 4  2 x  3 and y  2
 2 x  1 and y  2
1
x and y  2
2
1
 z  x  iy   2i
2
1
Thus, z   2i
2
Question 23
Solution: Let z  x  iy
 z  z  1  2i
 x 2  y 2   x  iy   1  2i
 x 2  y 2   x  1  i  y  2 
 x 2  y 2   x  1 and y  2  0

2
 x 2  y 2   x  1 and y  2
 x 2  y 2  x 2  1  2 x and y  2
 y 2  2 x  1 and y  2
 4  2 x  1 and y  2
 2 x  3 and y  2
3
x and y  2
2
3
 z  x  iy   2i
2
3
Thus, z   2i
2
Question 24:

Solution: Let z  x  iy
Then,
z  x2  y2

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 2n 2n
1  i   1  i 
2 n 2 n
 1  i    1  i  
   
n n
 12  i 2  2i   12  i 2  2i 
n n
 1  1  2i   1  1  2i 
n n
  2i    2i 
n n
  2i    1) n (2i 
 (1) n  1
 n is a multiple of 2
2n 2n
Thus, smallest positive integer of n for which 1  i   1  i  is 2

Question 25
Solution:
z1 z1 z2 z2 z3 z3
z1  z2  z3   
z1 z2 z3
2 2 2
z1 z2 z3
  
z1 z2 z3

1 1 1
    z1  z2  z3  1
z1 z2 z3

1 1 1
  
z1 z2 z3
 1 1 1 
1     1
 z1 z2 z3 

Question 26
Solution:
2
 z2  z  0
2
  x  iy  
2
 x2  y2  0
 x 2  i 2 y 2  2ixy  x 2  y 2  0
 x 2  y 2  2ixy  x 2  y 2  0
 2 x 2  2ixy  0
 2 x  x  iy   0
 x  0 or x  iy  0
 x  0 or z  0
For x  0, z  0  iy
Thus, there are infinitely many solutions of the forms z  0  iy , y  R

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www.vedantu.com
Exercise: 13.3

Page Number:13.39

Question 1

Solution:
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
z   i  , if Im  z   0
 2 2 
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
z   i  , if Im  z   0
 2 2 

(i)
z  5  12i , Re  z   5 and z  25  144  13
Here, Im  z   0
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
 z   i 
 2 2 
 13  5 13  5 
  i 
 2 2 
   4  i 9 
   2  3i 
(ii)
z  7  24i, Re  z   7, z  49  576  25
Here, Im  z   0
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
z   i 
 2 2 
 25  7 25  7 
  i 
 2 2 
   3  4i 

(iii)

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z  1  i , Re  z   1, z  1  1  2
Here, Im  z   0
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
 z   i 
 2 2 
 2 1 2 1 
  i 
 2 2 

(iv)

z  8  6i, Re  z   8, z  64  36  10
Here, Im  z   0
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
 z   i 
 2 2 
 10  8 10  8 
  i 
 2 2 
  1  3i 

(v)
z  8  15i, Re  z   8, z  64  225  17
Here, Im  z   0

 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
 z   i 
 2 2 
 17  8 17  8 
  i 
 2 2 
1
  5  3i 
2

(vi)

11 60 1  11 60i, Re  z   11, z  121 3600  61

Here, Im  z   0
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
 z   i 
 2 2 

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  6111 6111 
  i 
 2 2 
   5  6i 

(vii)

z  1  4 3 1  1  4 3i, Re  z   1, z  1163  7
Here, Im  z   0
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
 z   i 
 2 2 
 7 1 7 1 
  i 
 2 2 


  2  3i 

(viii)

z  0  4i, Re  z   0, z  4
Here, Im  z   0
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
 z   i 
 2 2 
 40 40
  i 
 2 2 
  2 i 2 
  2 1 i 

(ix)
z  i, Re  z   0, z  1
Here, Im  z   0
 z  Re  z  z  Re  z  
 z   i 
 2 2 
 1 1
  i 
 2 2
1
 1 i 
2
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Exercise: 13.4

Page Number: 13.57

Question 1.
Solution:
(i)
z  1 i
r z
 11
 2

Im  z 
Let tan 
Re  z 
1
 tan   
1

 
4
Since point (1,1) lies in the first quadrant, the argument of z is given by:

  
4
Polar form  r  cos   i sin  
  
 2  cos  i sin 
 4 4
(ii)

z  3 i
r z
 3 1
 4
2

Im  z 
Let tan 
Re  z 
 1 
 tan   
 3

 
6

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Polar form  r  cos  i sin  
 π π
 2  cos  i sin 
 6 6
(iii)
z  1 i
r z
 11
 2
Im  z 
Let tan  
Re  z 
1
 tan  
1


4

 
4
Since point 1,-1 lies in the fourth quadrant, the argument of z is given by

    
4
Polar form  r  cos   i sin  
     
 2 cos     i sin    
  4  4 
  
 2  cos  i sin 
 4 4
(iv)

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1 i
1 i
Rationalising the denominator :
1 i 1 i

1 i 1 i
1  i 2  2i

1  i2
2 i

2
 i 2  1
 i
r z
 0 1
1
3
Since point  0,-1 lies on the negative direction of the imaginary axis, the argument of z is given by .
2
Polar form  r  cos   i sin  
 3 3 
  cos  i sin 
 2 2 
     
 cos  2    i sin  2   
  2  2 
  
  cos  i sin 
 2 2

(v)

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 1
1 i
Rationalising the denominator :
1 1 i

1 i 1 i
1 i

1 i2
1 i

2
 i 2  1
1 i
 
2 2
r z
1 1
 
4 4
1

2
Im  z 
Let tan 
Re  z 
1
 tan  2
1
2
1

 
4
1 1
Since point  ,   lies in the fourth quadrant, the argument is given by
2 2

   
4
Polar form  r  cos   i sin  
1        
 cos    i sin  
2  4   4 
1   
  cos  i sin 
2 4 4

(vi)

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1  2i
1  3i
Rationalising the denominator :
1  2i 1  3i

1  3i 1  3i
1  3i  2i  6i 2

1  9i 2
5  5i

10
 i 2  1
1 i
 
2 2
r z
1 1
 
4 4
1

2
Im  z 
Let tan  
Re  z 
1
Then, tan   2
1
2
1

  
4
 -1 1 
Since point  ,  lies in the second quadrant, the argument is given by
 2 2
   

 
4
3

4
Polar form  r  cos   i sin  
1  3 3 
  cos  i sin 
2 4 4 
(vii)

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sin120  i cos120
3 i

2 2
r z
3 1
 
4 4
1
Im  z 
Let tan 
Re  z 
1
Then, tan  2
3
2
1

3

 
6
 3 1
Since point  ,  lies in the first quadrant, the argument is given by
 2 2

  
6
Polar form  r  cos   i sin  
 
 cos  i sin
6 6
(viii)
16
1 i 3
Rationalising the denominator :
16 1  i 3

1 i 3 1 i 3
16  16 3i

1  3i 2

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 16  16 3i

4
i 2
 1

 4  4 3i
r z
 16  48
8
Im  z 
Let tan 
Re  z 
4 3
Then, tan 
4
 3

 
3

 
Since the point 4, 4 3 lies in the third quadrant, the argument is given by
   

 
3
2

3
Polar form  r  cos   i sin  
 2 2 
 8 cos  i sin 
 3 3 
Question 2:
Solution:
25 3
i   i 75
 i 4183
18
  i 4  .i 3
 i3  i 4  1
 i  i 3  i 
Let z  0  i
2
Then, z  02   1  1
Im  z 
Let  be the argument of z and a be the acute angle tan  
Re  z 

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 1
tan   
0
π
 
2
Question 3
Solution :
(i)
Let z  1  i tan 
 tan  is periodic with period  . So, let us take

  
  0,  2   2 ,  

Case I :
When   0, 
 2 
z  1  i tan 
 z  1  tan 2 
 
 sec   0    2 
 sec 
Im  z 
Let  be an acute angle given by tan  
Re  z 
tan   tan
 tan 
  
As z lies in the first quadrant . Therefore, arg  z     
Thus, z in the polar form is given by
z  sec   cos   i sin  
Case II:

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z  1  i tan
 z  1  tan 2 
  
 sec   2     
  sec 
Im  z 
Let  be an acute angle given by tan  
Re  z 
tan   tan 
  tan
 tan   tan    
    
As, z lies in the fourth quadrant .
 arg  z        
Thus, z in the polar form is given by
z   sec  cos      i sin    

(ii)

Let z  tan   i
 tan  is periodic with period  . So, let us take

  
  0,  2   2 ,  

ase I :
z  tan  i
 z  tan 2  1
 
 sec   0    2 
 sec 
Im  z 
Let  be an acute angle given by tan  
Re  z 
1
tan  
tan
 cot
 cot 
 
 tan    
2 

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 
  
2
We can see that Re  z   0 and Im  z   0.So, z lies in the fourth quadrant .

 arg  z       
2
Thus, z in the polar form is given by
     
z  sec  cos      i sin   
  2  2 
Case II :
z  tan  i
 z  tan 2  1
  
 sec   2     
  sec 
Im  z 
Let  be an acute angle given by tan  
Re  z 
1
tan  
tan
 cot 
  cot
 
 tan    
 2

   
2
We can see that Re  z   0 and Im  z   0.So, z lies in the third quadrant .

 arg  z       
2
Thus, z in the polar form is given by
    
z   sec  cos      i sin     
 2  2 
(iii)

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Let z   1  sin    i cos  .

 sine and cosine functions are periodic functions with period 2 .

So, let us take    0, 2 
Now, z  1  sin   i cos 
2
 z  1  sin    cos 2   2  sin   2 1  sin 
2
    
 z  2  cos  sin   2 cos  sin
 2 2 2 2

Im  z 
Let  be an acute angle given by tan   .Then,
Re  z 

   
cos  cos 2  sin 2 cos  sin
tan    2 2  2 2
1  sin     
2
 
cos  sin
 cos  sin  2 2
 2 2 

1  tan
 tan   2  tan     
  
1  tan 4 2
2

Case I : When 0   
2
In this case, we have,
      
cos  sin and   , 
2 2 4 2 4 2
  
 z  2  cos  sin 
 2 2
     
and tan   tan     tan   
4 2 4 2
 
  
4 2
 
Clearly, z lies in the first quadrant.Therefore, arg  z   
4 2
Hence, the polar form of z is
          
2  cos  sin  cos     i sin    
 2 2   4 2   4 2 

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  3
Case II : When  
2 2
In this case, we have,
     
cos  sin and   ,  
2 2 4 2 2 
,      
 z  2  cos  sin    2  cos  sin 
 2 2   2 2
            3  
and tan   tan      tan     tan        tan   
4 2 4 2   4 2   4 2
3 
  
4 2
 3    3
Clearly, z lies in the fourth quadrant.Therefore, arg  z          
 4 2 2 4
Hence, the polar form of z is
       3    3  
 2  cos  sin  cos     i sin   
 2 2   2 4   2 4 
3
Case III : When    2
2
In this case, we have,
  5   
cos  sin  , 
and 
2 2 4 2  4 
    
 z  2 cos  sin   2  cos  sin 
2 2  2 2
             3 
and tan   tan     tan      tan        tan   
4 2 4 2   4 2  2 4 
 3
  
2 4
 3
Clearly, z lies in the first quadrant.Therefore, arg  z     
2 4
Hence, the polar form of z is
       3    3  
 2  cos  sin  cos     i sin   
 2 2   2 4   2 4 
Question 4

Solution:
Let 1 be e arg  z1  and  2 be the arg  z2  .
It is given that z1  z2 and arg  z1   arg  z2   
Since, z1 is a complex number.

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z1  z1  cos 1  i sin 1 
 z2  cos    2   i sin    2  
 z2   cos  2   i sin  2  
  z2 cos  2   i sin  2  
  z2
Hence, z1   z2

Question 5

Solution:
Given that z1 , z2 and z3 , z4 are two pairs of conjugate complex numbers.
 z1  r1e i1 , z2  r1e  i1 , z3  r2 ei 2 and z4  r2 e i2

Then
z1 r ei1 r i   z 
 1  i2  1 e  1 2  arg  1   1   2 ...1
z4 r2e r2  z4 
and
z2 r1e i1 r1 i 1 2  z 
 i2  e  arg  2    2  1 ...  2 
z3 r2e r2  z3 
z  z 
 arg  1   arg  2   1   2  1   2 0
 z4   z3 
Hence,
z  z 
arg  1   arg  2   0
 z4   z3 

Question 6.

Solution:
  
Let z  sin  i  1  cos 
5  5
2 2
   
 z   sin    1  cos 
 5  5
  
 sin 2  1  cos 2  2 cos
5 5 5

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 
 2  2 cos
5
  
 2  1  cos 
 5 
  
 2  2sin 2 
 10 

 2sin
10
Im  z 
Let  be an acute angle given by tan   .Then,
Re  z 
 
1  cos 2sin 2
5 10 
tan     tan
   10
sin 2sin cos
5 10 10

 
10


Clearly, z lies in the first quadrant.Therefore, arg  z  
10
Hence, the polar form of z is
    
2sin  cos  i sin 
10  10 10 

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Exercise: Very Short Answer Page

Number:13.62

Q1.

Solution:

Consider the square root of i be x iy .

i  x  iy
i  x 2  y 2i 2  2ixy
i  x 2  y 2  2ixy
Comparing both the sides:
x 2  y 2  0 and 2 xy  1
Therefore, we find that x and y are of the same sign.
x  y
1 1 1 1
xy  , x 2  x   , y
2 2 2 2
1
Therefore, i   1  i 
2

Q2.

Solution:

Consider, i  x  iy
Squaring both the sides
i  x 2  y 2i 2  2ixy
2 xy  1
and x 2  y 2  0
The above equation shows that x and y are of opposite sign
x  y
From above,
1
2x  x  
2
1
x2 
2
1
x
2

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 1 1
Since x and y have opposite signs, y   when x  and vice versa
2 2
1
i   1  i 
2

Q3.

Solution:

a  ib
x  iy 
c  id
Taking modulus on both the sides,
a  ib
x  iy 
c  id
a  ib
x  iy 
c  id

a2  b2  x  iy  x 2  y 2 
x2  y2 
2
c d 2  
Squaring both the sides,
a  ib
x2  y2 
c  id
Squaring again, we get,
 x 2  y 2   ca  idib
2

Q4.

Solution:

Consider,

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    2
 
   Dividing by 2 
2 2
z  1  cos   i sin 
2
 z  1  cos    sin 2 

 z  1  cos 2   2 cos   sin 2 

 z  1  1  2 cos 
 z  2 1  cos  

 z  2  2 cos 2
2

 z  2 cos 2
2
     
 z  2 cos
2  Since 2  2   , cos 2 is negative 

Q5.

Solution:

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i 4 n 1  i 4 n 1
2
1
i
i  4n 1
 i  1, i  
1

2  i
i2 1
 i
2
2
i 1

2i
1  1

2i
2

2i
1

i
i
 2
i
 i 2  1

i

1
i

Q6.

Solution:

i 592  i 590  i 588  i 586  i 584 i 4148  i 4147  2  i 4147  i1464 2  i 4146

i 582  i 580  i 578  i 576  i 574 i 4145 2  i 4145  i 4144  2  i 4144  i 4143 2
1  i2  1  i2  1
 2 2 2
 i 4  1
i 1 i 1 i
1 1 1 1 1
  i 2  1
1  1  1  1  1
1

1
 1
Q7.
Solution:

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z  1 i
r z
 11
 2
Let
Im  z 
tan  
Re  z 
1
 tan  
1


4

 
4

Since point (1,-1) lies in the fourth quadrant, the argument of z is given by     
4
Polar form  r  cos   i sin  
     
 2 cos     i sin    
  4  4 
  
 2  cos  i sin 
 4 4
Q8.

Solution:
2 2
Let z  1  3i . Then r  z   1   3   2
Now consider,
Im  z 
Let tan  
Re  z 
 3

 
3

Since the point representing z lies in the second quadrant. Therefore, the argument of z is given
by,

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   

 
3
2

3
So, the polar form is r  cos   i sin  
 2 2 
Therefore, z  2  cos  i sin 
 3 3 

Q9.
Solution:

Let z=-i
Then , Re  z   0, Im  z   1
Since, the point (0,-1) representing z=0-i lies on negative direction of imaginary axis.
 3
Therefore, arg  z    or
2 2

Q10.
Solution:

n
 1 i 
 
 1 i 
n
 1 i 1 i 
  
 1 i 1 i 
n
 1  i 2  2i 
 2 
 1 i 
n
 1  1  2i 
 
 11 
n
 2i 
 
2
n
i

For in to be real, the smallest positive value of i n will be 2. As, i 2  1 , which is real.

Question 11.
Solution:

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 2

z  1 i 3   1  3i 2  2 3i  1  3  2 3i  2  2 3i
Im  z 
Let  be an acute angle given by tan   .
Re  z 
Then,
2 3
tan    3
2

 tan   tan
3

Question12.
Solution:

We know that

z  z cos arg  z    i sin arg  z   
 5π 5π 
 z  4  cos  i sin 
 6 6 
 π π
 4   cos  i sin 
 6 6
 3 1 
 4    i 
 2 2 
 2 3  2i
Thus,
z  2 3  2i
Question13.
Solution:
z  5i  z  5i
2 2
 z  5i  z  5i

 
  z  5i  z  5i   z  5i  z  5i    zz  z 2 
 
  z  5i  z  5i    z  5i  z  5i 
 zz  5 zi  5 zi  25i 2  zz  5 zi  5 zi  25i 2
 5 zi  5 zi  5 zi  5 zi
 10 zi  10 zi
zz
 z is purely real

Question 14.

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Solution:

2
a 2
 1
 x  iy .... 1
2a  i
 2 2 


 a  1   x  iy
 2a  i 
 
2


a 2
 1
 x  iy ....  2 
2a  i
On multiplying 1 and  2  , we get
2 2
a 2
 1

a 2
 1
  x  iy  x  iy 
2a  i 2a  i
4


a 2
 1
 x2  i2 y 2
2 2
 2a  i
4


a 2
 1
 x2  y 2
2
 2a 
1
Question 15.
Solution:

25  9  5 1  3 1
 5i  3i
 15i 2
 15
Hence, 25  9  15
Question 16.
Solution:

We know that
i  i 2  i3  i4  i  1  i  1  0
 i  i 2  i 3  ....  i1000
  i  i 2  i 3  i 4    i 5  i 6  i 7  i 8   ...   i 997  i 998  i 999  i1000 
249 249 249 249
  i  i 2  i 3  i 4    i 4i  i 4i 2  i 4i3  i 4i 4   ...   i 4  i   i 4  i 2   i 4  i3   i 4  i 4 
 
  i  i 2  i 3  i 4    i  i 2  i 3  i 4   ...   i  i 2  i 3  i 4 
0
Question 17.

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Solution:

Let z be a complex number with argument  .

Then
z  rei  z  rei  rei
z  rei  z  rei  rei
Implies that argument of zis  .
Thus, arg  z   arg  z   0
Question 18.
Solution:

z 1  z  4  3
 z  4  3
 33
 6Also,
z 1  0
Thus, 0  z  1  6.
Question 19.

Solution:

2 2
 
az1  bz2  az2  bz1   az1  bz2  az1  bz2   az2  bz1  az2  bz1  
  az  bz   az  bz    az  bz   az  bz 
1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1

  a z z  abz z  abz z  b z z    a z z  abz z

2
1 1 1 2 2 1
2
2 2
2
2 2 1 2  abz2 z1  b 2 z1 z1 
  a 2  b 2  z1 z1   a 2  b 2  z2 z2 


  a 2  b 2  z1 z1  z2 z2
 
2
  a 2  b 2  z1  z2
  2

Question 20.
Solution:

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 2i 2i
2

1  2i  1  4i 2  4i
2i

1  4  4i
2i

3  4i
2  i

3  4i
i  2 3  4i
 
3  4i 3  4i
3i  4i 2  6  8i

32  42 i 2
11i  4  6

9  16
2 11
  i
25 25

Question21.
Solution:

i n  i n 1  i n  2  i n 3
 i n  i n .i  i n .i 2  i n .i 3
 i n  i n .i  i n .  1  i n .  i 
 i n  i n .i  i n  i n .i
0
Question 22.
Solution:

3i 3  2ai 2  1  a  i  5
 3i  2a  1  a  i  5
  2a  5   i 1  a  3
  2a  5   i  2  a 
Since,
3i 3  2ai 2  1  a  i  5 is real.
Im 3i3  2ai 2  1  a  i  5  0
 2  a  0
 a  2

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Hence,the real value of a for which 3i 3  2ai 2  1  a  i  5 is real is -2

Question 23.
Solution:

We know that,

 
z  z cos arg  z    i sin arg  z  
 π π
 2  cos  i sin 
 4 4
 1 1 
 2 i 
 2 2
 2 1  i 
Hence, z  2 1  i 
Question 24.
Solution:


Let the argument of 1  i 3 be α.Then 
3 π
tan    tan
1 3
π
 
3
Let the argument of 1  i  be  .Then
1 π
tan   tan
1 4
π
β 
4
Let the argument of  cos   i sin   be  .
sin
tan   tan
cos
γθ

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Exercise: Multiple Choice Questions

Page Number:13.63

Question 1.

Solution:

The solution is (b)

Consider, 1  i  1  i 2 1  i 3  1  i 4 
1  i  1  i 2 1  i 3 1  i 4   1  i 1 –11 – i 1  1
Since, i 2  1, i 3  i and i 4  1
Hence, the solution is 1  i  0 1 – i  2   0

Question 2.

Solution:

The solution is (a)

3  2isin
Consider, is a real number
1 – 2i sin
On rationalizing, we get,
3  2i sin  1  2i sin 

1  2i sin  1  2i sin 


 3  2i sin   1  2i sin  
(1) 2  (2i sin  ) 2
3  2i sin   6i sin   4i 2 sin 2 

1  4 sin 2 
3  4 sin 2   8i sin 
 2
 i 2  1
1  4sin 
3  4 sin 2  8 sin 
 2
 i
1  4sin  1  4sin 2 
For the above term to be real, the imaginary part has to be zero.
8sin 
 0
1  4sin 2 
 8sin   0

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For this to be zero,
sin θ= 0
⇒ θ = 0, π, 2π, 3π…
But 0<θ<2π
Hence, θ=π

Question 3.

Solution:

The correct option is (c)

1  i 1  2i 1  3i  ...1  ni   a  i b
Taking modulus on both the sides, we get:
1  i 1  2i 1  3i  ....... 1  ni   a  ib
1  i 1  2i 1  3i  ....... 1  ni  can be written as 1  i  1  2i  1  3i  ....... 1  ni 

12 12  12  22  12  32  ... 1  n 2  a 2  b 2
 2  5  10  ... 1 n2  a 2  b 2

Squaring on both the sides, we get:

2  5 10  ...  1  n 2   a 2  b 2

Question 4.

Solution:
The correct option is (d)

a  ib  x  iy
Squaring on both the sides, we get,
a  ib  x 2  (iy )2  2ixy
 a  ib   x 2  y 2   2ixy
 a   x2  y2 
and b  2 xy
 a  ib  x 2
 y 2   2ixy
 a  ib  x 2  i 2 y 2  2ixy  i 2  1
Taking square root on both the sides, we get :
a  ib  x  iy

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Question 5.

Solution:
The correct option is (d)

 
z  cos  i sin
4 6
1 1
z  i
2 2
2
 1  1
 z    
 2 4
1 1
 z  
2 4
3
 z 
4
3
 z 
2
Im  z 
tan  
Re  z 
1

2
 1 
   tan 1  
 2
Since, the point z lies in the first quadrant.
 1 
Therefore, , arg  z     tan 1  ,
 2

Question 6.

Solution:

The correct option is (d)

25 3 75
i   i 
  i  418 3
3
 i 
 i ( i 4  1)

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Let z=0-i
Since, the point (0,-1) lies on the negative direction of imaginary axis.

Therefore, arg  z  
2
Modulus, r  z  1  1
 Polar form  r (cos   i sin  )
     
 cos    i sin  
 2   2 
   
 cos   – i sin  
2 2

Page 13.48 (Multiple Choice Questions)

Question 7

Solution:

The correct option is (d)

i  i 2  i 3  i 4 ... i1000
i  i2  i3  i4  i 2  1, i 3  i and i 4  1
 i 1  i  1
0
Similarly, the sum of the next four terms of the series will be equal to 0. This is because the
powers of i follow a cyclicity of 4.
Hence, the sum of all terms, till 1000, will be zero.
i  i 2  i 3  i 4 ... i1000  0

Question 8.

Solution:
The correct option is (c)
2
z=
1 i 3
Rationalising z, we get,

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 2 1 i 3
z 
1 i 3 1 i 3
2  i 2 3
z
1 3
1  i 3
z
2
1 i 3
z 
2 2
Im  z 
tan 
Re  z 
 3

 
3
Since, z lies in the second quadrant .
Therefore,

arg  z    
3
2

3
Question 9.

Solution:

The correct option is (c)

a  cos   i sin   given 
1  a 1  cos   i sin 
 
1 a 1  cos   i sin 
1 a 1  cos   i sin  1  cos   i sin 
  
1  a 1  cos   i sin  1  cos   i sin 
2 2
1  a 1  i sin    cos 
 
1  a 1  cos   2   i sin   2
1  a 1  sin 2  2i sin   cos 2 
 
1  a 1  cos 2  2 cos   sin 2 
1  a 1   sin   cos    2i sin 
2 2

 
1  a 1   sin 2   cos2    2 cos 
1 a 2i sin 
 
1  a 2 1  cos  

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  
2i sin cos
1 a 2 2
 
1 a 2 
2sin
2

i cos
1 a 2
 
1  a sin 
2
1 a 
  i cot
1 a 2

Question 10.

Solution:
The correct option is (c)
1  i 1  2i 1  3i  1  ni   a  ib
Taking modulus on both the sides, we get,
1  i 1  2i 1  3i  ......1  ni   a  ib
1  i 1  2i 1  3i  ......1  ni  can be wriiten as 1  i  1  2i  1  3i  .... 1  ni 

 12  12  12  22  12  32 ....  12  n 2  a 2  b 2 ,
 2  5  10....  1 n 2  a 2  b 2

Squaring on both the sides, we get:

2  5 10....  1  n 2   a 2  b 2

Question 11.

Solution:

The correct option is (a)

2

x  iy 
a 2
 1
2a  i
Taking modulus on both the sides, we get:
2
2
x y 2

a 2
 1
4a 2  1
Squaring both sides, we get,
4
2
x y 2

a 2
 1
4a 2  1

Question 12.

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Solution:
The correct option is (a)
Let z = (1+i)
Im  z 
tan  
Re  z 
1

 
4
Since, z lies in the first quadrant .

Therefore, arg (z) =
4
Question 13.

Solution:

The correct option is (b)

 2i 
Let z   
 1 i 
2i 1  i
z 
1 i 1 i
2i 1  i 
z
1 i2
2i 1  i 
z  i 2  1
11
2i 1  i 
z
2
 z  i  i2
 z  i 1
n
Now, z n  1  i 
For n  2,
2
z 2  1  i 
 1  i 2  2i
 1  1  2i
 2i ... 1

Since this is not a positive integer,

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For n  4,
4
z 4  1  i 
2 2
 1  i  
 
2
  2i  Using 1 
 4i 2
 4 ...  2 
This is a negative integer.
For n  8,
8
z 8  1  i 
4 2
 1  i  
 
2
  4  Using  2  
 16
This is a negative integer.For n=8,z8=1+i8 =1+i42 =-42 Using (2) =16
This is a positive integer.
n
 2i 
Thus, z    is positive for n  8.
 1 i 
n
 2i 
Therefore, 8 is the least positive integer such that   is a positive integer.
1 i 
Thus, z=2i1+in is positive for n=8.Therefore, 8 is the least positive integer such that 2i1+in is a
positive integer.

Question 14.

Solution:

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 z
(a)
z
2 2
z z
zz

z
2  z z  z 
2

Let z  a  ib
 z  a2  b2
Let z  a  ib
 z  a2  b2
2 2
z z
  2
zz z

z

z

Question 15.

Solution:
(b) 2i
a=1+i
On squaring both the sides, we get,
2
a 2  1  i 
a 2  1  i 2  2i
 1  1  2i
 2i

Question 16.

Solution:
(d) none of these

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 1
 x  iy  3
 a  ib
Cubing on both the sides, we get :
3
x  iy   a  ib 
3 2
 x  iy  a 3   ib   3a 2bi  3a  ib 
 x  iy  a 3  i 3b3  3a 2ib  3i 2 ab 2
 x  iy  a 3  ib3  3a 2ib  3ab 2  i 2
  1, i 3   i 
 x  iy  a 3  3ab 2  i  b3  3a 2b 
 x  a 3  3ab 2 and y  3a 2b  b3
x y
or ,  a 2  3b 2 and  3a 2  b2
a b
x y
   a 2  3b 2  3a 2  b 2
a b
x y
   4a 2  4b 2
a b

Question 17.

Solution:
The correct option is (b)
2  3
 2  3  1  1
 6 ii
 6  i2
  6  i 2   1

Page number:13.65
Question 18.

Solution:
(d) 240°
1 i 3
1 i 3
Rationalising the denominator,

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1 i 3 1 i 3

1 i 3 1 i 3
1  3i 2  2 3i

1  3i 2
2  2 3i

4
 i 2  1
1 3
 i
2 2
Im  z 
tan  
Re  z 
 3
Then, tan   2
1
2
 3
   60
 1  3 
Since the points  , lie in the third quadrant, the argument is given by:
 2 2 
 
θ=180°+60° =240°

Question 19.

Solution:
(a) 1
1 i
Let z 
1 i
Rationalising the denominator:
1 i 1 i
z 
1 i 1 i
1  i 2  2i
z
1 i2
1  1  2i
z
11
2i
z
2
zi
z4  i4
1

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Page 13.49 (Multiple Choice Questions)
Question 20.

Solution:
(a) 0
1  2i
Let z  2
1  1  i 
1  2i
z
1  1  i 2 2i 
1  2i
z
1  1  1  2i 
1  2i
 z
1  2i
 z 1
Since point 1,0  lies on the positive direction of real axis, we have :
arg  z   0

Question 21.

Solution:
1
(a)
13
1
Let z  2
 2  3i 
1
z
4  9i 2  12i
1
z 
4  9  12i
1
z
5  12i
1 5  12i
 z 
5  12i 5  12i
5  12i
 z
25  144
5 12i
z 
169 169
25 144
 z  
169 1692
2

1
 z 
169

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 1
 z 
13
Question 22.

Solution:
1
(b)
26

1
Let z 
1  i  2  3i 
1
 z
2  i 3i 2
1
z
2i3
1 5i
z 
5i 5i
5i
z
25  1
5i
z
26
5 i
z  
26 26
25 1
 z 
676 676
1
z
26
Question 23.

Solution:

(c) 2 sin
2

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 z  1  cos   i sin 
2
 z  1  cos    sin 2 

 z  1  cos 2   2cos   sin 2 

 z  1  1  2cos 
 z  2 1  cos  

 z  4sin 2
2

 z  2 sin
2

Question 24.

Solution:
(c) 100
 x  iy  1  i 1  2i 1  3i 

Taking modulus on both the sides :

x  iy  1  i 1  2i 1  3i 
 x  iy  1  i  1  2i  1  3i
 x 2  y 2  12  12 12  22 12  32
 x2  y 2  2 5 10
 x 2  y 2  100
Squaring both the sides,
 x 2  y 2  100

Question 25.

Solution:

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 1
(b)
2
1
z
1  cos   i sin 
1 1  cos   i sin 
z 
1  cos   i sin  1  cos   i sin 
1  cos   i sin 
z 2 2
1  cos     i sin  
1  cos   i sin 
z
1  cos 2   2 cos   sin 2 
1  cos   i sin 
z
1  1  2 cos 
1  cos   i sin 
z
2 1  cos  

 Re( z ) 
1  cos   1
2 1  cos   2
Question 26.

Solution:
53
(c)
85
3  5i
x  iy 
7  6i
3  5i 7  6i
 x  iy  
7  6i 7  6i
21  53i  30i 2
 x  iy 
49  36i 2
21  30  53i
 x  iy 
49  36
9 53
 x  iy  i
85 85
On comparing both the sides :
53
y
85

Question 27.

Solution:

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(a) 1
1  ix
 a  ib
1  ix

Taking modulus on both the sides, we get :

1  ix
 a  ib
1  ix
12  x 2
  a 2  b2
2 2
1 x
 a 2  b2  1
Squaring both the sides, we get :
a2  b2  1

Question 28.

Solution:
2ab
(b) 2
a  b2
a  ib a  ib
z 
a  ib a  ib
a 2  i 2b2  2abi
z
a 2  i 2b2
a 2  b 2  2abi
z
a2  b2
a2  b2 2ab
z 2 2
i 2
a b a  b2
a2  b2 2ab
 Re  z   2 2
, Im  z   2
a b a  b2
Im  z 
tan  
Re  z 
,
2ab
 2 2
a b
 2ab 
  tan 1  2 2 
 a b 

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Since, z lies in the first quadrant . Therefore,
 2ab 
arg  z     tan 1  2 2 
 a b 
2ab
tan   2 2
a b
Question 29.

3
Solution:  d  amp  z  
4
1  7i
z 2
2  i
1  7i
z
4  i 2  4i
1  7i
z i 2  1
4  1  4i
1  7i
z
3  4i
1  7i 3  4i
z 
3  4i 3  4i
3  4i  21i  28i 2
z
9  16i 2
3  28  25i
z
9  16
25  25i
z
25
 z  1  i
Im  z 
tan 
Re  z 
1

 
4
Since, z lies in the second quadrant .
Therefore, amp  z     

 
4
3

4

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Question 30.

Solution:

(c) 
2
1
Let z 
i
1 i
 z 
i i
i
 z 2
i
 z  i

Since, z  0, 1 lies on the negative imaginary axis . Therefore, arg  z  
2

Question 31.

Solution:
(a) –π/2

1 i
Let z 
1 i
1 i 1 i
z  
1 i 1 i
1  i 2  2i
z 
1  i2
1  1  2i
z 
11
2i
z 
2
 z  i
Since, z lies on negative direction of imaginary axis .

Therefore, arg  z  
2
Question 32.

Solution:

(c)
6

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 1 i 3
Let z 
3i
1 i 3 3 i
z 
3 i 3 i
3  2i  3i 2
z
3  i2
3  3  2i
z
4
2 3  2i
z
4
3 1
z  i
2 2
Im  z 
tan  
Re  z 
1

3

 
6
Since, z lies in the first quadrant.
 1  
Therefore, arg ( z )  tan 1  
 3 6
Question 33.

Solution:
1
(a) 1  i 
2

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i 5  i 6  i 7  i8  i 9
1 i
i 1  i 1  i
  As, i 5  i, i 6  1, i 7  i, i 8  1, i 9  i 
1 i
i

i 1
i i 1
 
i  1 i 1
i  i  1
 2
i 1
2
i i

2
1
 1  i 
2

Question 34.

Solution:
(c) –i

1  2i  3i 2
Let z 
1  2i  3i 2
1  2i  3
z 
1  2i  3
2  2i 2  2i
z  
2  2i 2  2i
2

z 
 2  2i 
2 2
 2    2i 
4  4i 2  8i
z 
44
4  4  8i
z 
8
8i
z
8
 z  i

Question 35.

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Solution:
(b) -2

i 592  i 590  i 588  i 586  i 584

1
i 582  i 580  i 578  i 576  i 574
i 4148  i 4147  2  i 4147  i 4146 2  i 4146
 4145 2 4145 4144 2 4144 4143 2  1  i 4  1 and i 2  1
i i i i i
2 2
1 i 1 i 1
 2 1
i  1  i2  1  i2
1
 1
1
 2

Question 36.

Solution:
(c) -8
2
Using a 4  b 4   a 2  b 2   2a 2b 2
(1  i ) 4  (1  i )4
2 2
 2
 1  i   1  i   2
 2 1  i  1  i 
2

2
 1  i 2  2i  1  i 2  2i   2 1  i 2  2i 1  i 2  2i 
2
 1  1  2i  1  1  2i   2 1  1  2i 1  1  2i 
  0   2  2i  2i   i 2
 1
 8i 2
 8
Question 37.

Solution:
The solution is (c)

Since, z  a  ib lies in third quadrant.

 a  0 and b  0 .... 1
Now,

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z a  ib

z a  ib
a  ib

a  ib
a  ib a  ib
 
a  ib a  ib
a 2  i 2b 2  2abi

a 2  i 2b 2
a 2  b 2  2abi

a 2  b2

 a2  b2  0
  a  b  a  b   0 and a  b  0
ab ....  2 
From (1) and (20),
ba0
Question 38.
Solution:
The solution is (a)

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 7 z
f  z 
1 z2
7  1  2i 
 2
1  1  2i 
7  1  2i

1  12  22 i 2  4i 
6  2i

1  1  4  4i
6  2i

4  4i
6  2i 4  4i
 
4  4i 4  4i
24  24i  8i  8i 2

42  4 2 i 2
24  16i  8

16  16
32  16i

32
1
 1 i
2

Since
2 2
z  1   2   1 4  5
2
1
2 1 5 z
 f  z   1     1  
2 4 2 2

Question 39.
Solution:
The solution is (a)

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 3  4ix
a  ib 
3  4ix
3  4ix 3  4ix
 
3  4ix 3  4ix
9  16 x 2i 2  24 xi

9  16 x 2i 2


 9  16 x2   i  24 x 
9  16 x 2
2

 a  ib
2

 9  16 x   i  24 x 
2

9  16 x 2
2 2 2

 a b2 2

 9  16 x    24 x 
2 2
 9  16 x 
81  256 x 4  288 x 2  576 x 2

2 2
 9  16 x 
81  256 x 4  288 x 2

2 2
 9  16 x 
2 2


 9  16 x 
2 2
 9  16 x 
1
Question 40.
Solution:
The solution is (b)

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iz
1
iz
2
iz
  12
iz
 i  z  i  z 
   1
 i  z  i  z 
 i  z   i  z 
   1
 i  z   i  z 
 i 2  zi  zi  zz 
 2  1
 i  zi  zi  zz 
 i 2  zi  zi  zz  i 2  zi  zi  zz
  zi  zi  zi  zi
 zi  zi  zi  zi
 2 zi  2 zi
zz
 z is purely real

Question 41.
Solution:
The solution is (b)

It is obvious that, For any complex number z,

2 2
z  z

Question 42.

Solution:
The solution is (a)

Since, it is known that

z1 z2  z1 z2
arg  z1 z2   arg  z1   arg  z2  and
z1  z2  z1  z2

Question 43.
Solution:
The solution is (b)

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 z 1  1
2
 z  1  12
  z  1 z  1  1
  z  1 z  1  1
 zz  z  z  1  1
 zz  z  z  0
Since, z  x  iy
 zz  z  z  0
  x  iy  x  iy   x  iy  x  iy  0
 x2  y2  2x  0
2 2
  x  1   y  0   12
which is the equation of a circle
with centre  1, 0  and radius 1

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