DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this project report entitled
“DESIGNING OF DISTILLATION COLUMN” in partial fulfillment of the requirement
for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in Chemical Engineering submitted to
Department of Chemical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science &
Technology, Murthal, Sonepat (Haryana) is an authentic record of our own work under the
supervision of Mr.Anil Yadav, Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering,
Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat
(Haryana).

The matter presented in this report has not been submitted by us for the award of any
other Degree/Diploma.

Date: MAMTA
15001005020
B.TECH ( CHEMICAL ENGINEERING )
DCRUST , MURTHAL

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidates is correct to the best of my
knowledge.
Date: Dr. Anil Yadav
Assistant Professor
Department of Chemical Engineering
DCRUST, Murthal, Sonepat

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide Mr.Anil
Yadav,Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering,DCRUST, Murthal for his
exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the course of my
project work, for his expertise in the field of chemical engineering and for having faith in us at
every stage of ourproject.

DATE : MAMTA
15001005020
B,TECH ( CHEMICAL ENGINEERING )
DCUST , MURTHAL

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 CONTENTS

DECLARATION & CERTIFICATE i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii

CONTENTS iii, iv

LIST OF FIGURES v

LIST OF TABLES vi

1. HISTORY 1

2. INTRODUCTION 2

3. THEORY 3

4. FUNDAMENTALS OF VAPOR – LIQUID PHASE EQUILIBRIUM 4-6

5. TYPES OF DISTILLATION

5.1 BATCH DISTILLATIO 7-8

5.2 FRICTIOAL DISTILLATION 9

5.3 STEAM DISTILLATION 9

5.4 VACUUM DISTILLATION 9

5.5 AZEOTROPIC DISTILLATION 10

5.6 INDUSTRIAL DISTILLATION 10 - 12

5.7 MULTI-EFFECT DISTILLATION 12

6. THEORTICAL FACTORS OF DISTILLATION COLUMN

6.1 SELECTION OF COLUMN TYPE 13

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6.2 PLATE TYPES 14

6.3 BUBBLE CAP PLATE 14

6.4 VALVE PLATE 14 - 15

6.5 SIEVE PLATE 15

6.6 SELECTION OF TRAY TYPE 15 - 16

6.7 FACTORS AFFECTING OPERATION 16 - 17

7. ANALYSIS OF DISTILLATION COLUMN

7.1 MCCABE THIELE METHOD 18

7.2 ANALYSIS OF MCCABE THIELE METHOD 18 -21

7.3 REFLUX RATIO 22

7.4 REFLUX RATIO CHANGES 22, - 23

8. COLUMN PRINCIPLES DIMENSIONS

8.1 DESIGNING STEPS OF COLUMN 24

8.2 GRAPHICAL METHOD 24 - 25

8.3 CAPACITY PARAMETER 26

8.4 ANALYTICAL METHOD: 26

8.5 ESTIMATING FLOODING VELOCITY: 27 - 28

8.6 WALL THICKNESS CALCULATION 29

9. DESIGN PROBLEM 30

9.1 DESIGN PROBLEM

FUTURE PLAN

REFERENCES

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Description Page No.

3.1 Distillation Column 3
4.1 VLE Curve 5
4.2 XY Grapgh 6
5.1 Simple Batch Distillation Process 7
5.2 Typical Industrial Distillation Tower 11

6.1 Classification of plate types based on 14

flow mode
6.2 Bubble caps 14
6.3 Valve tray 15
6.4 Sieve tray 15
7.1 Distillation Column 18
7.3 Distillation Column with notations 20
7.4 VLE Curve to calculate number of ideal tray 21
7.6 Minimum Reflux Ratio 23
8.1 VLE Curve to calculate number of ideal tray 25
9.1 Distillation Column 31
9.2 x-y Diagram 32
9.3 F, D and W point on equilibrium diagram 33
9.4 q-line on equilibrium diagram 34
9.5 Intercept on equilibrium diagram 35
9.6 Number of stages 36

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 LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Description Page No.

6.1 Comparison of three types of cross-flow trays 16

7.1 Streams and their flow rate 19

9.1 Equilibrium data for water and acetic acid 30

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